ES2296560B1 - ANTIFIED SECURITY SYSTEM FOR CONSTRUCTION OPERATORS. - Google Patents

Abstract

Fall protection system for construction workers, of the type used for work at height in construction sites, consisting of a plurality of masts (1) anchored to the upper end (3) of pillars (2) of the structure of the it works by means of anchoring means (15), and by a horizontal cable or tape (4) arranged between two masts (1), fixed to these in its upper part, and tensioned by one end by means of tensioning systems (5). This safety system comprises at least a first row (6) and a second row (7) of masts (1), each formed by a plurality of masts (1) arranged in line, the first row (6) being parallel. ) and the second row (7), such that at least a first retractable device (8) is fixed to the first row (6), and a second retractable device (9) is fixed to the second row (7), and both retractable devices (8,9) are attached to a safety harness (10) coupled to an operator.

Description

Fall protection system for operators of construction

Technical Field of the Invention

The present invention belongs to the technical field of safety systems for accident prevention and occupational hazards, and more specifically to safety systems fall protection for work at height in construction, especially for formwork workers, avoiding its fall into a vacuum time that gives them freedom of movement to perform their job.

Background of the invention

Currently safety in the works of construction has gained priority importance, and therefore, Work tools, mechanisms and procedures are designed and manufactured to completely avoid, or at least, minimize in the as much as possible the risks of suffering an accident.

As for accident systems since high heights, such as a floor, there are several security means such as networks or railings, which actually do not prevent the operator from falling a few meters in case of an accident, but, either stop it, or cushion the impact.

There are additionally other systems of security, which. by means of anchoring to an element fixed prevent the fall of the operator.

Document ES 2 264 589 describes a system of safety comprising a stem with a triangular structure with the possibility of turning fixed to a pillar from which a cable hangs which supports the operator. This system has a disadvantage important, which is the operator's free swing once it is hanging from the cable, with the possibility of impacting against elements of the construction.

Patent document ES 2 278 480 describes a security system of the previous type formed by a cable horizontal to which an operator fixes a harness or belt of security. The horizontal cable is supported by two columns verticals that are fixed to the pillars of the construction. In this case, there is no operator swing that hangs from the cable as broad as in the previous case, but there is still some swing and movement that can cause the operator to crash against some nearby structure.

It was therefore desirable a system that get total operator support in case of fall avoiding the inconvenience existing in the previous systems of the state of the art.

Description of the invention

The present invention solves the problems existing in the state of the art by means of a system of fall protection for construction workers, of the type of those used for operators who perform work at height in construction sites, such as formwork.

This security system consists of a plurality of masts that will be anchored to the upper end of certain pillars of the structure of the work. Between every two of these masts are arranged longitudinal clamping means, such like a cable or a horizontal ribbon, fixing them in their part upper, and tensioned at its ends by tensioning systems fixed to the masts by means of tension fixing systems approved.

The security system is formed in its all for at least two rows of parallel masts, each row formed by at least two masts between which it is arranged the cable or the horizontal ribbon. Sometimes when the distance between two masts is too long to be able to guarantee the properties of the cable or the tape that is arranged between them, an intermediate mast is placed between them join the cable or the tape guaranteeing an intermediate support point additional.

This way you can cover a larger area that in the cases of the state of the art in which the operator hangs from a cable attached to a mast, or where a single cable or lifeline between two masts.

To fix the operator to the system, It has a first retractable device for personal protection fixed to the first row, and a second retractable device of individual protection fixed to the second row. These two devices are attached separately to the operator by means of restraint such as harnesses.

In this way, the accident during work it is practically impossible, and the operator will be subject by the two retractable devices of the cables or tapes fixed between two masts of the two parallel rows. Through these two lateral junction points, the operator will be firmly fixed avoiding the fall, and also the oscillations that could occur with a single fixing point and therefore avoiding crashing against any element of the surrounding structure of the building.

In a particular embodiment of the invention, the masts are formed by two vertical sections joined by a minor horizontal section and angular bend sections, for Provide more firmness to the masts. In the vertical section upper, which is in the area where the cable fixing is done or the tape, there is an arc with ends coinciding with the ends of said upper vertical section, and a horizontal reinforcement between this one and the arch. There are two through holes in the section upper vertical, one of them, upper through hole, located above the horizontal reinforcement and the other through hole lower, located below said horizontal reinforcement. This shape, if the cable or ribbon is fixed between two masts contiguous, in one of them will pass through the lower through hole, then through the arch, and it will go down adapting to the part lower arch and mast by pins arranged in said mast, until it is fixed in tensioning means which  they are fixed on the mast by means of homologated fixing means. The other end of the cable or tape, on the other mast, will pass through the hole pass upper and will be fixed in a fixing system approved arranged in the arch. Thus, each mast can exercise the double tensioner and anchor function. When the separation between two masts is too large to ensure adequate stiffness, elasticity and resistance of the cable or tape, between both masts an intermediate mast is placed, which provides a additional support point. As in this embodiment the mast intermediate does not exert tensor function, in the two masts ends, the two ends of the cable or tape will pass through the hole lower pass, then through the arch, and will lower adapting to the bottom of the arch and the mast by pins arranged in said mast, until it is fixed in means tensioners

The anchoring of the masts to the pillars is made by means of pods that are introduced at the ends upper of the pillars and inside which the lower ends of the masts. When the security system, the masts of said security system will removed from the pillars, and the pod will be filled with concrete when the upper floor is made, and in this way the pillar it will be completely solid again, being able to perfectly exert its  function as part of the final construction structure.

Description of the figures

Then, to facilitate the understanding of the invention, by way of illustration but not limitation, will be described an embodiment of the invention that refers to a series of figures.

Figure 1 schematically shows a elevation of a security system object of the present invention in which several operators are represented schematically using said security system.

Figure 2 schematically shows a plan view of the security system shown in the figure Four.

Figure 3 shows the configuration of the masts used according to a particular embodiment in the system of security object of the present invention.

Figure 4 shows in detail two masts contiguous of the same row and the cable arranged between them according to a particular embodiment of the invention.

Figure 5 shows a partial view of a particular embodiment of the invention with an intermediate mast between two adjacent masts of the same row.

Figure 6 schematically shows the mounting the lower end of the mast on the pillar.

In these figures reference is made to a set of elements that are:

one.

mast

2.

pillar

3.

upper pillar end

Four.

longitudinal fastening means, cable, tape horizontal

5.

tensioning system

6.

first row of masts

7.

second row of masts

8.

first retractable device

9.

second retractable device

10.

clamping means

eleven.

vertical section of the mast

12.

horizontal section of the mast

13.

angular mast bending

14.

mast arch

fifteen.

anchoring means from the mast to the pillar

16.

sheath

17.

lower end of the mast

18.

horizontal reinforcement

19.

sheath cap

twenty.

intermediate mast

twenty-one.

additional rows

22

additional retractable devices

2. 3.

additional horizontal reinforcements

24.

luminous device

25.

upper through hole in the vertical section upper mast

26.

lower through hole in the vertical section upper mast

27.

fastening system approved in the arc of the mast

28.

tensioner fixing system

29.

pins

Description of preferred embodiments of the invention

Figures 1 and 2 show two views schematics of the present invention formed by at least one first row 6 and a second row 7 of masts 1 fixed to the upper end 3 of pillars 2 of the structure of a work. How it is seen in the figures, in this embodiment there are rows additional 21 similar to the first 6 and second 7 and that facilitate protection in several areas and to different operators without need to disassemble the others and mount them in places different. With this system a network configuration is achieved which, in a preferred embodiment, intends to cover the largest possible surface of the work.

Each of the rows 6, 7, 21 is formed by at least two masts 1, between which means of longitudinal fastening 4, which in different embodiments particular can be horizontal cables or tapes, although the number of masts 1 may be greater, to give a greater length to row 6, 7, 21.

The cable or tape 4 of the first row 6 is fix a first retractable device 8, to the cable or tape 4 of the second row 7 a second retractable device 9 is fixed, and in the cables or tapes of the rest of additional rows 21 are fixed additional retractable devices 22. The devices retractable 8, 9, 22 may consist of absorber cables fall arrest in which the operator is suspended. This way, the first retractable device 8 and the second device Retractable 9 are fixed to an operator separately through fastening means 10, such as harnesses. The same goes for the other additional retractable devices 22 of the rows additional 21. Thus, the operator is always subject to two retractable devices 8, 9, 22, one on each side, and in this way the fall is avoided even if the plant collapses, and balancing and oscillations that would occur are also avoided if the operator were only subject by a point, as was the case in devices known in the state of the art up to now.

Figure 6 shows the assembly of the masts 1 where the cable or tape 4 is located, the lower end 17 of the mast 1 is introduced into a sheath 16 or container that previously must have been placed at the upper end 3 of the armor of the pillar 2, subsequently filling it with the type of relevant concrete The sheath 16 has a removable cap 19 on its upper part, which will be extracted once the concrete has hardened, leaving a space in which the lower end 17 will be housed of the mast 1. Once you have finished using the mast 1, it can be easily removed from pillar 2, removing it from the sheath 16. Subsequently, when the work, the sheath 16 will be filled with concrete when the upper forged, and the pillar will be completely solid again being able to perfectly exercise its function as part of the final structure of the construction.

Figure 3 shows a preferred embodiment of a mast 1, formed by two vertical sections 11 joined by a horizontal section 12 and by angular bends 13 forming a squad.

To get this main structure, you make a miter cut to the lower vertical section 11 and fills its interior with fine, dry sand that is pressed, and later a plate is welded on top preventing the sand from leaving. This lower vertical section 11 is joins an upper vertical section 11 by a horizontal section 12. 4. This structure is reinforced by alterations angle 13 forming a square with the vertical sections 11 and the horizontal section 12 by welding. Without these kings 13 the mast 1 would deform easily due to the tension of the cable or tape 4, or the force exerted by an operator at stay suspended A bend 13 joins the horizontal section 12 with the upper vertical section 11, and the other bend 13 joins the horizontal section 12 with the lower vertical section 11.

Subsequently, the upper vertical section 11 is an arc 14 joins it in such a way that the ends of said arc 14 they are attached to the ends of the upper vertical section 11. Additionally there is a horizontal reinforcement 18 between the section upper vertical 11 and arc 14. In a preferred embodiment, there are additional horizontal reinforcements 23 between the section vertical 11 upper and arch 14.

There are two through holes 25, 26 in the section vertical top 11, one of them an upper through hole 25, arranged above the horizontal reinforcement 18, and the other, a bottom through hole 26, arranged below the reinforcement horizontal 18.

When the horizontal cable or ribbon 4 is fixed between two adjacent masts 1, in one of them said cable or tape 4 will pass through the bottom through hole 26, then through the arch 14, and will go down adapting to the bottom of arch 14 and the mast 1 by pins 29 arranged in said mast, up to be fixed in tensioning means 5, which ensure that said cable or tape 4 remains completely at all times tense and firm. These tensioning means are fixed to the mast by means of an approved tensioner fixing system 28. For him opposite, the other end of the cable or tape 4, on the other mast 1, will pass through the upper through hole 25, and will be fixed in an approved fixing system 27 arranged in the arch 14, the which can be for example a carabiner. In this way, each mast 1 can perform the double function of tensioner and anchor. This embodiment is represented in figure 4, in which, the mast 1 on the left acts as an anchor, thanks to the 27 fixing system approved, and the one on the right acts as a tensioner thanks to the tensioning means 5.

When the separation between two masts 1 is too large to ensure adequate rigidity, elasticity and resistance of the cable or tape 4, between both masts 1 an intermediate mast 20 is placed, which provides a point of additional support for said cable or tape 4. As in this embodiment the intermediate mast 20 does not exert tensor function, in the two masts 1 ends, the two ends of the cable or tape 4 they will pass through the bottom through hole 26, then through the arch 14, and will go down adapting to the bottom of arch 14 and the mast 1 by pins 29 arranged in said mast, up to be fixed in tensioning means 5 arranged in both masts 1 extremes This embodiment is shown in Figure 5, in which can be seen the intermediate mast 20 arranged in the center, and both 1 end masts act as tensioners thanks to the tensioning means 5 arranged in both.

Before fixing cable or tape 4 to next mast 1 adjacent, the cable or tape 4 is placed on the first retractable device 8, the second retractable device 9, and additional retractable devices 22 if there were rows Additional 21. Retractable devices 8, 9, 22 comprise a cable that holds the operator.

With this security system the operator you will always have two systems attached to your fastening means 10 retractable 8, 9 and in case of fall, thanks to cables or tapes 4 horizontal and retractable systems 8, 9 the operator always it will be subject by two points, and in case of plant collapse, the operator will not fall and also be at all times arranged in vertical, avoiding fatal accidents and all kinds of injuries due to collisions with surrounding elements in the construction.

According to a preferred embodiment of the invention, the masts 1 comprise at their upper end a luminous device 24 which may consist of a reflector, a focus, or a lamp. This gives additional security to the system, since it allows the masts to be seen from a position elevated and remote, even in the most climatic conditions adverse effects, which prevents cranes from hitting the masts or unload its load on the security system object of the invention. Figures 1, 3, 4 and 5 schematically show the luminous device 24.

Claims (8)

1. Fall protection system for operators of construction, of the type used for work in height in construction sites, which includes - a plurality of masts (1) that are anchored to the upper end (3) of pillars (2) of the structure of the work by anchoring means (15), - longitudinal clamping means (4) horizontal arranged between two masts (1), fixed to these in its upper part, and tensioned by its ends by means of systems tensioners (5), characterized in that additionally it comprises - at least one first row (6) and one second row (7) of masts (1), each formed by at least two masts (1) arranged in line between those arranged the longitudinal fastening means (4), being the first row (6) and the second row (7) parallel, - and at least a first retractable device (8) fixed to the longitudinal fastening means (4) of the first row (6), and a second retractable device (9) fixed to the longitudinal fastening means (4) of the second row (7), the first retractable device (8) and the second device being retractable (9) attached to protective clamping means (10) individually coupled to an operator. 2. Fall protection system for construction workers, according to claim 1, characterized in that each of the masts (1) comprises - two vertical sections (11) joined by a section horizontal (12) and couplings (13) forming a square, - an arc (14) whose ends are fixed to the ends of the upper vertical section (11), and comprises means fixing (27), - a horizontal reinforcement (18) between the section vertical (11) upper and arc (14), - an upper through hole (25) located by above the horizontal reinforcement (18), through which an end of the longitudinal fastening means (4) when fixed to the fixing means (27), and a lower through hole (26) located below the horizontal reinforcement (18), through which a end of the longitudinal clamping means (4) when attached to the tensioning systems (5). 3. Fall arrest safety system for construction workers, according to the preceding claim, characterized in that it comprises additional horizontal reinforcements (23) joining the upper vertical section (11) and the arch (14). 4. Fall protection system for construction workers, according to any one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the anchoring means (15) of the mast (1) to the pillar (2) comprise a sheath (16) which is introduced into the upper end (3) of the pillar (2), and inside which the lower end of the mast (1) is inserted, the sheath (16) comprising a stopper (19) detachable from it and fixed in said sheath (16) once the mast (1) has been removed. 5. Fall protection system for construction workers, according to any one of the preceding claims, characterized in that it comprises an intermediate mast (20) disposed between two adjacent masts (1) of the same row. 6. Fall protection system for construction workers, according to any one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the first retractable device (8) and the second retractable device (9) comprise a cable. 7. Fall protection safety system for construction workers, according to any one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the individual protection clamping means (10) connected to the first retractable device (8) and the second retractable device (9) comprise harnesses . 8. Fall protection system for construction workers, according to any one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the masts (1) comprise at their upper end a luminous device (24).