ES2292323B1 - UNIVERSAL GEARBOX. - Google Patents

UNIVERSAL GEARBOX. Download PDF

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Publication number
ES2292323B1
ES2292323B1 ES200502649A ES200502649A ES2292323B1 ES 2292323 B1 ES2292323 B1 ES 2292323B1 ES 200502649 A ES200502649 A ES 200502649A ES 200502649 A ES200502649 A ES 200502649A ES 2292323 B1 ES2292323 B1 ES 2292323B1
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Spain
Prior art keywords
toothed rings
rings
steering wheel
toothed
shaft
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Withdrawn - After Issue
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ES200502649A
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Spanish (es)
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ES2292323A1 (en
Inventor
Andrei Antonov
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Individual
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Individual
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Priority to ES200502649A priority Critical patent/ES2292323B1/en
Priority to PCT/ES2006/000597 priority patent/WO2007051881A2/en
Publication of ES2292323A1 publication Critical patent/ES2292323A1/en
Application granted granted Critical
Publication of ES2292323B1 publication Critical patent/ES2292323B1/en
Withdrawn - After Issue legal-status Critical Current
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Classifications

    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F16—ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
    • F16H—GEARING
    • F16H3/00—Toothed gearings for conveying rotary motion with variable gear ratio or for reversing rotary motion
    • F16H3/02—Toothed gearings for conveying rotary motion with variable gear ratio or for reversing rotary motion without gears having orbital motion
    • F16H3/08—Toothed gearings for conveying rotary motion with variable gear ratio or for reversing rotary motion without gears having orbital motion exclusively or essentially with continuously meshing gears, that can be disengaged from their shafts
    • F16H3/083—Toothed gearings for conveying rotary motion with variable gear ratio or for reversing rotary motion without gears having orbital motion exclusively or essentially with continuously meshing gears, that can be disengaged from their shafts with radially acting and axially controlled clutching members, e.g. sliding keys
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F16—ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
    • F16H—GEARING
    • F16H3/00—Toothed gearings for conveying rotary motion with variable gear ratio or for reversing rotary motion
    • F16H3/02—Toothed gearings for conveying rotary motion with variable gear ratio or for reversing rotary motion without gears having orbital motion
    • F16H3/08—Toothed gearings for conveying rotary motion with variable gear ratio or for reversing rotary motion without gears having orbital motion exclusively or essentially with continuously meshing gears, that can be disengaged from their shafts

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Transmission Devices (AREA)
  • General Details Of Gearings (AREA)
  • Friction Gearing (AREA)
  • Structure Of Transmissions (AREA)

Abstract

Caja de cambios universal.Universal gearbox

Comprende dos volantes (4 y 11), que giran en planos paralelos y en sentidos contrarios alrededor de un eje común (1), y que están permanentemente engranados con una pluralidad de anillos dentados (6-7), que giran alrededor de un eje (2) perpendicular al anterior, a uno y otro lado del eje (1). Los anillos dentados (6-7) giran locos alrededor del eje (2), que es telescópico, merced a lo cual un engrane o embrague (10) establecido sobre este eje telescópico, puede engranar con cualquiera de los anillos dentados (6-7) cuando se actúa manual o automáticamente sobre un accionador (9). Esta estructura permite obtener una caja de cambios compacta con múltiples relaciones de transmisión entre los ejes X e Y (2-1), tanto positivas como negativos, y asegura un perfecto equilibrio en la transmisión, con ausencia de vibraciones, al girar los volantes (4 y 11) en sentidos contrarios.It comprises two flyers (4 and 11), which rotate in parallel and opposite directions around a common axis (1), and which are permanently engaged with a plurality of serrated rings (6-7), which revolve around a axis (2) perpendicular to the previous one, on either side of the axis (1). The toothed rings (6-7) spin crazy around of the shaft (2), which is telescopic, thanks to which a gear or clutch (10) set on this telescopic shaft, can engage with any of the toothed rings (6-7) when one acts manually or automatically on an actuator (9). This structure allows to obtain a compact gearbox with multiple transmission ratios between the X and Y axes (2-1), both positive and negative, and ensures a perfect balance in the transmission, with absence of vibrations, when turning the handwheels (4 and 11) in opposite directions.

Description

Caja de cambios universal.Universal gearbox

Objeto de la invenciónObject of the invention

La presente invención se refiere a una caja de cambios, concretamente a una caja que permite una amplia gama de velocidades de salida, a expensas de una velocidad única de entrada, y tanto en un sentido de giro como en el contrario.The present invention relates to a box of changes, specifically to a box that allows a wide range of output speeds, at the expense of a single speed of entry, and both in a direction of rotation and the opposite.

El objeto de la invención es conseguir una caja de cambios universal, utilizable indistintamente en el ámbito de los vehículos a motor, en la maquinaria industrial e incluso a nivel domestico, siendo adaptable a cualquier mecanismo existente en el que se requiera de una velocidad variable.The object of the invention is to get a box of universal changes, usable interchangeably in the field of motor vehicles, in industrial machinery and even to domestic level, being adaptable to any existing mechanism in which a variable speed is required.

Antecedentes de la invenciónBackground of the invention

Existen en el mercado múltiples soluciones técnicas para cajas de cambios o transmisiones, adaptadas a diferentes tipos de mecanismos, como por ejemplo automóviles, motocicletas, embarcaciones, aviones, generadores de energía, electrodomésticos, etc.There are multiple solutions on the market techniques for gearboxes or transmissions, adapted to different types of mechanisms, such as cars, motorcycles, boats, airplanes, power generators, appliances, etc.

Cada caja de cambios está concebida y estructurada para una determinada aplicación práctica, de manera que no es utilizable en ningún otro supuesto.Each gearbox is designed and structured for a given practical application, so which is not usable in any other case.

Este carácter "individual" de las cajas de cambios, adaptables a respectivos mecanismos específicos, repercute de forma muy negativa a nivel de costes de fabricación, siendo obvio que sería deseable disponer de una caja de cambios de uso "universal", es decir utilizable con dispositivos sustancialmente distintos entre sí.This "individual" character of the boxes of changes, adaptable to respective specific mechanisms, impact very negatively in terms of manufacturing costs, being obviously it would be desirable to have a gearbox for use "universal", that is usable with devices substantially different from each other.

Descripción de la invenciónDescription of the invention

La caja de cambios que la invención propone resuelve de forma plenamente satisfactoria la problemática anteriormente expuesta.The gearbox that the invention proposes solves the problem fully satisfactorily previously exposed.

Para ello y de forma mas concreta la caja de cambios que se preconiza está constituida a partir de un eje de entrada con su correspondiente volante, eje de entrada con respecto al que resulta perpendicular el eje de salida, materializándose éste último en un eje telescópico que recibe a través de su extremidad libre a un engrane en funciones de embrague susceptible de acoplarse en una serie de anillos dentados tanto interior como exteriormente, que reciben el movimiento giratorio del citado volante asociado al eje de entrada, con la especial particularidad de que en contraposición al citado volante incorpora un segundo volante, de las mismas características, que engrana igualmente con los anillos dentados a que se ha hecho mención con anterioridad, y de manera tal que este segundo volante, paralelo al primero, gira en sentido contrario.To do this and more specifically the box of changes that are recommended are constituted from an axis of entry with its corresponding steering wheel, input shaft with respect to which the output axis is perpendicular, materializing the latter in a telescopic axis that receives through its free end to a gear in susceptible clutch functions of engaging in a series of toothed rings both inside and outwardly, they receive the rotational movement of said flywheel associated to the input shaft, with the special feature that in contrast to the aforementioned steering wheel incorporates a second steering wheel, of the same characteristics, which also meshes with the toothed rings mentioned above, and so that this second steering wheel, parallel to the first, turns in the opposite direction.

Se ha previsto además la existencia de dos juegos de anillos dentados, en oposición radial, de manera que en función de que el engrane o embrague se enclave con un anillo dentado de uno u otro de los respectivos grupos, se puede invertir el sentido de giro en el eje de salida.It is also planned the existence of two sets of toothed rings, in radial opposition, so that in function that the gear or clutch is interlocked with a ring Toothed by one or the other of the respective groups, you can invest the direction of rotation on the output shaft.

El desplazamiento del eje telescópico en uno u otro sentido, para determinar el posicionamiento del engrane o embrague, puede llevarse a cabo de forma manual o de forma automática, actuando sobre el correspondiente accionador.The displacement of the telescopic axis in one or another direction, to determine the positioning of the gear or clutch, can be carried out manually or by hand automatic, acting on the corresponding actuator.

Los mecanismos descritos quedan alojados en el seno de una carcasa, en la que se establecen los cojinetes o rodamientos para los ejes citados.The mechanisms described are housed in the inside a housing, in which the bearings are established or bearings for the aforementioned shafts.

Se consigue de esta manera una caja de cambios que ofrece una gran variedad de velocidades, tanto marcha adelante como marcha atrás, tanto mayor como lo sea el número de anillos dentados establecidos entre los dos volantes citados, que permite incluso su utilización como freno.This way you get a gearbox It offers a variety of speeds, both forward as reverse, as much as the number of rings teeth set between the two aforementioned flyers, which allows even its use as a brake.

Descripción de los dibujosDescription of the drawings

Para complementar la descripción que se está realizando y con objeto de ayudar a una mejor comprensión de las características del invento, de acuerdo con un ejemplo preferente de realización práctica del mismo, se acompaña como parte integrante de dicha descripción, un único dibujo en donde con carácter ilustrativo y no limitativo, se ha representado esquemáticamente y en sección diametral, una caja de cambios realizada de acuerdo con el objeto de la presente invención.To complement the description that is being performing and in order to help a better understanding of the characteristics of the invention, according to a preferred example of practical realization of it, is accompanied as part member of this description, a single drawing where with illustrative and non-limiting nature, has been represented schematically and in diametral section, a gearbox performed in accordance with the object of the present invention.

Realización preferente de la invenciónPreferred Embodiment of the Invention

A la vista de la figura reseñada puede observarse como la caja de cambios que la invención propone está estructurada a partir de un eje de entrada (1), situado por ejemplo en correspondencia con el eje "Y" de un sistema de coordenadas cartesianas, que debe suministrar el movimiento a un eje de salida (2), en la realización práctica de la figura según el eje "X" de dicho sistema de coordenadas cartesianas.In view of the review figure you can Observe how the gearbox proposed by the invention is structured from an input shaft (1), located for example in correspondence with the "Y" axis of a coordinate system Cartesian, which must supply the movement to an output shaft (2), in the practical embodiment of the figure along the "X" axis of said Cartesian coordinate system.

El eje (1) penetra en el interior de una carcasa (3) que alberga todos los mecanismos constitutivos de la caja de cambios, y se remata en un volante (4) dotado de una pluralidad de coronas dentadas y anulares (5), concéntricas con el eje "Y" y a diferentes distancias del mismo, formando dos agrupaciones radialmente contrapuestas, tal como se observa en la figura.The shaft (1) penetrates inside a housing (3) which houses all the mechanisms constituting the cashier changes, and is finished off in a steering wheel (4) endowed with a plurality of serrated and annular crowns (5), concentric with the "Y" axis and at different distances from it, forming two groups radially opposed, as seen in the figure.

Con cada una de estas coronas anulares (5) engrana un anillo dentado tanto exterior como interiormente, estableciéndose dos grupos de anillos, un primer grupo (6) correspondiente a las transmisiones de marcha adelante, y un segundo grupo (7) correspondiente a las transmisiones marcha atrás.With each of these ring crowns (5) Gear a toothed ring both externally and internally, establishing two groups of rings, a first group (6) corresponding to forward transmissions, and a second group (7) corresponding to gear transmissions behind.

Los dos grupos de anillos dentados (6-7) constituyen una especie de túnel rectilíneo (8) a través del que es pasante el segundo eje (2), con un sector extremo (2') inamovible longitudinalmente y un segundo sector (2) que es el que resulta telescópicamente desplazable con la colaboración de un accionador (9) que puede ser indistintamente manual o automático.The two groups of toothed rings (6-7) constitute a kind of rectilinear tunnel (8) through which the second axis (2) is through, with a sector end (2 ') longitudinally immovable and a second sector (2) which is the one that is telescopically scrollable with the collaboration of an actuator (9) that can be interchangeably manual or automatic

En cualquier caso y a través del accionador (9) se desplaza longitudinalmente sobre el sector (2') del eje el sector móvil (2) rematado por su extremidad interna en un engrane o embrague (10) capaz de acoplarse, y consecuentemente de recibir el movimiento, a cualquiera de los anillos dentados (6-7) anteriormente citados, de manera que a partir de la situación de punto muerto mostrada en la figura, en la que no existe transmisión de movimiento, se obtienen varias velocidades de giro para el eje de salida (2) en sentido de avance, cuando el embrague (10) se acopla a uno cualquiera de los anillos dentados (6), o respectivas velocidades de marcha atrás cuando lo hace a los anillos dentados (7) del otro grupo.In any case and through the actuator (9) travels longitudinally on the sector (2 ') of the axis the mobile sector (2) topped by its internal limb in a gear or clutch (10) capable of engaging, and consequently receiving the movement, to any of the toothed rings (6-7) previously cited, so that from of the deadlock situation shown in the figure, in which no there is movement transmission, several speeds of rotation for the output shaft (2) in the forward direction, when the clutch (10) is coupled to any one of the toothed rings (6), or respective reverse speeds when doing so at serrated rings (7) of the other group.

Los anillos dentados (6 y 7) se sitúan entre el citado volante (4) asociado al eje de entrada (1), y un segundo volante (11) paralelo y contrapuesto al primero, montado con libertad de giro sobre la carcasa (3), y al igual que los ejes (1) y (2-2') están montados sobre dicha carcasa a través de cojinetes (12).The toothed rings (6 and 7) are located between the said handwheel (4) associated to the input shaft (1), and a second flywheel (11) parallel and opposed to the first, mounted with freedom of rotation on the housing (3), and like the axles (1) and (2-2 ') are mounted on said housing through  of bearings (12).

Claims (3)

1. Caja de cambios universal, caracterizada porque incorporando una carcasa (3) que alberga sus mecanismos, consistentes en un volante (4) solidarizado a un eje de entrada (1) provisto de una pluralidad de coronas dentadas y anulares (5) de diferentes diámetros, a través de las que el citado eje de entrada (1) transmite el movimiento a un eje de salida (2), dispuesto a 90° con respecto al eje de entrada, con la particularidad de que con dicho volante de entrada (2) engranan una pluralidad de anillos (6-7), dentados tanto exterior como interiormente, en alineación diametral, que configuran una especie de túnel (8) a través del que es pasante el eje de salida (2), telescópico, cuyo sector axialmente desplazable (2) se remata por su extremidad interna en un engrane o embrague (10) acoplable a cualquiera de los anillos dentados (6-7) y asistido por un accionador (9), incorporando además un segundo volante (11), paralelo al primero y situado al lado opuesto de los anillos dentados (6) y (7), estando este segundo volante (11) montado con libertad de giro sobre la carcasa (3).1. Universal gearbox, characterized in that incorporating a housing (3) that houses its mechanisms, consisting of a steering wheel (4) in solidarity with an input shaft (1) provided with a plurality of toothed and annular crowns (5) of different diameters, through which said input shaft (1) transmits the movement to an output shaft (2), arranged at 90 ° with respect to the input shaft, with the particularity that with said input flywheel (2 ) engage a plurality of rings (6-7), serrated both externally and internally, in diametral alignment, which form a kind of tunnel (8) through which the telescopic output shaft (2) is through, whose sector is axially movable (2) is topped by its internal end in a gear or clutch (10) attachable to any of the toothed rings (6-7) and assisted by an actuator (9), also incorporating a second flywheel (11), parallel to the first and located on the opposite side of the toothed rings ( 6) and (7), this second handwheel (11) being mounted with freedom of rotation on the housing (3). 2. Caja de cambios universal, según reivindicación 1ª, caracterizada porque el segundo volante (11) cuenta igualmente con coronas dentadas anulares (5) que hacen que dicho volante gire en sentido contrario al volante principal (4).2. Universal gearbox, according to claim 1, characterized in that the second steering wheel (11) also has annular gear crowns (5) that make said steering wheel rotate in the opposite direction to the main steering wheel (4). 3. Caja de cambios universal, según reivindicaciones anteriores, caracterizada porque los anillos dentados (6-7) forman dos agrupaciones situadas en oposición diametral, de manera que los anillos dentados de una agrupación (6) generan un determinado sentido de giro en el eje de salida (2), mientras que los anillos dentados (7) de la segunda agrupación generan un giro en sentido contrario en dicho eje de salida (2).3. Universal gearbox, according to previous claims, characterized in that the toothed rings (6-7) form two groups located in diametral opposition, so that the toothed rings of a cluster (6) generate a certain direction of rotation on the shaft output (2), while the toothed rings (7) of the second grouping generate a counter-clockwise rotation in said output shaft (2).
ES200502649A 2005-10-31 2005-10-31 UNIVERSAL GEARBOX. Withdrawn - After Issue ES2292323B1 (en)

Priority Applications (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
ES200502649A ES2292323B1 (en) 2005-10-31 2005-10-31 UNIVERSAL GEARBOX.
PCT/ES2006/000597 WO2007051881A2 (en) 2005-10-31 2006-10-27 Universal gearbox

Applications Claiming Priority (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
ES200502649A ES2292323B1 (en) 2005-10-31 2005-10-31 UNIVERSAL GEARBOX.

Publications (2)

Publication Number Publication Date
ES2292323A1 ES2292323A1 (en) 2008-03-01
ES2292323B1 true ES2292323B1 (en) 2009-05-04

Family

ID=38006232

Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
ES200502649A Withdrawn - After Issue ES2292323B1 (en) 2005-10-31 2005-10-31 UNIVERSAL GEARBOX.

Country Status (2)

Country Link
ES (1) ES2292323B1 (en)
WO (1) WO2007051881A2 (en)

Families Citing this family (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CN101290043B (en) * 2008-04-18 2010-06-02 魏家斌 Gear multilevel speed changer

Family Cites Families (8)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US714614A (en) * 1902-06-26 1902-11-25 Salvatore Scognamillo Speed-regulating mechanism for motor-vehicles.
US881122A (en) * 1905-08-21 1908-03-10 Frederick H Hodgkins Speed mechanism.
FR414424A (en) * 1910-04-02 1910-09-02 Leon Tintrelin Drive axle for automobiles
FR679697A (en) * 1929-08-02 1930-04-16 Advanced shifting
US2086809A (en) * 1933-10-07 1937-07-13 Kreis Fritz Universal gear
US2525335A (en) * 1946-06-14 1950-10-10 Berndt Arthur Gearing device
FR1168912A (en) * 1956-08-31 1958-12-18 Gear shifting for motor vehicles
FR1492012A (en) * 1965-03-22 1967-08-18 Improvements in the construction of gearboxes

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
ES2292323A1 (en) 2008-03-01
WO2007051881A2 (en) 2007-05-10
WO2007051881A3 (en) 2007-06-28
WO2007051881B1 (en) 2007-08-16

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