ES2284355A1 - Meshing method for laser coatings deposited by plasma on cylindrical pieces, involves treating localized and partial laser, without covering all surface, and parallel sweepings are formed in angle determined with generating cylinder - Google Patents

Meshing method for laser coatings deposited by plasma on cylindrical pieces, involves treating localized and partial laser, without covering all surface, and parallel sweepings are formed in angle determined with generating cylinder Download PDF

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Publication number
ES2284355A1
ES2284355A1 ES200502470A ES200502470A ES2284355A1 ES 2284355 A1 ES2284355 A1 ES 2284355A1 ES 200502470 A ES200502470 A ES 200502470A ES 200502470 A ES200502470 A ES 200502470A ES 2284355 A1 ES2284355 A1 ES 2284355A1
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Prior art keywords
laser
plasma
cylinder
parallel
meshing
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Pending
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ES200502470A
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Spanish (es)
Inventor
Ricardo Vijande Diaz
Jose Manuel Cuetos Megido
Modesto Cadenas Fernandez
Jose Esteban Fernandez Rico
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Universidad de Oviedo
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Universidad de Oviedo
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Classifications

    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C23—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; CHEMICAL SURFACE TREATMENT; DIFFUSION TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL; INHIBITING CORROSION OF METALLIC MATERIAL OR INCRUSTATION IN GENERAL
    • C23C—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; SURFACE TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL BY DIFFUSION INTO THE SURFACE, BY CHEMICAL CONVERSION OR SUBSTITUTION; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL
    • C23C4/00—Coating by spraying the coating material in the molten state, e.g. by flame, plasma or electric discharge
    • C23C4/12—Coating by spraying the coating material in the molten state, e.g. by flame, plasma or electric discharge characterised by the method of spraying
    • C23C4/134—Plasma spraying
    • B23K26/0066—
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • B23K—SOLDERING OR UNSOLDERING; WELDING; CLADDING OR PLATING BY SOLDERING OR WELDING; CUTTING BY APPLYING HEAT LOCALLY, e.g. FLAME CUTTING; WORKING BY LASER BEAM
    • B23K26/00—Working by laser beam, e.g. welding, cutting or boring
    • B23K26/352—Working by laser beam, e.g. welding, cutting or boring for surface treatment
    • C23C4/127—
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C23—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; CHEMICAL SURFACE TREATMENT; DIFFUSION TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL; INHIBITING CORROSION OF METALLIC MATERIAL OR INCRUSTATION IN GENERAL
    • C23C—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; SURFACE TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL BY DIFFUSION INTO THE SURFACE, BY CHEMICAL CONVERSION OR SUBSTITUTION; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL
    • C23C4/00—Coating by spraying the coating material in the molten state, e.g. by flame, plasma or electric discharge
    • C23C4/18—After-treatment

Abstract

The method involves treating localized and partial laser, without covering all the surface. A specific number of parallel sweepings formed in an angle are determined with the generating cylinder. The sweepings are separated from each other at a definite distance, and functions proportionally for recasting the surface. The process combines the properties of the layers projected by the plasma and the layers are recasted with laser in the lubricated contacts.

Description

Procedimiento de mallado con láser de recubrimientos previamente depositados por plasma sobre piezas cilíndricas.Laser meshing procedure coatings previously deposited by plasma on parts cylindrical

La presente invención se refiere a un procedimiento para la refusión con láser, localizada y parcial, sin cubrir toda la superficie, de piezas cilíndricas que previamente han sido recubiertas empleando la técnica de proyección por plasma. Una técnica de este tipo se emplea sobre todo para reducir la problemática debida al desgaste producido en los pares cinemáticos entre ejes o árboles y sus apoyos, presentes en la mayoría de las máquinas.The present invention relates to a procedure for laser refusion, localized and partial, without cover the entire surface of cylindrical pieces that previously They have been coated using the plasma projection technique. Such a technique is used primarily to reduce the problematic due to the wear produced in kinematic pairs between axes or trees and their supports, present in most of the machines

Estado de la técnica anteriorPrior art

Los recubrimientos obtenidos mediante la técnica de proyección por plasma dependen de numerosos factores tales como, distancia pistola-substrato, tiempo de interacción plasma-partículas, tamaño de éstas, etc. Igualmente, y en función del tipo de material empleado para obtener el recubrimiento, a pesar de las elevadas temperaturas que se alcanzan en la llama de plasma, el corto intervalo de tiempo que el material a proyectar permanece en dicho plasma, puede impedir la fusión completa de algunas partículas. Incluso cuando son fundidas, las gotas originadas no se distribuyen uniformemente cuando impactan con el substrato a recubrir. Esto conduce a la formación de recubrimientos no homogéneos, con porosidad elevada y con una adherencia con el substrato relativamente baja, que afectan a su comportamiento tribológico.Coatings obtained by technique Plasma projection depend on numerous factors such as, gun-substrate distance, interaction time plasma-particles, their size, etc. Equally, and depending on the type of material used to obtain the coating, despite the high temperatures that are reached in the plasma flame, the short time interval that the material to project remains in said plasma, can prevent fusion Full of some particles. Even when they are melted, the originated drops are not distributed evenly when they impact with the substrate to be coated. This leads to the formation of non-homogeneous coatings, with high porosity and with a relatively low substrate adhesion, which affect its tribological behavior

La refusión superficial con láser de los recubrimientos proyectados por plasma, mediante el solapamiento de sucesivos barridos, hasta completar toda la superficie, origina una mejora en el comportamiento a desgaste en seco de estos recubrimientos, junto con un refinamiento de la microestructura que proporciona un aumento de la dureza. Esta técnica permite además eliminar la porosidad, evitando el problema de la fusión incompleta de partículas y modificando el comportamiento tribológico de los recubrimientos.The superficial laser refusion of plasma-projected coatings, by overlapping successive sweeps, until the entire surface is completed, originates a improvement in the dry wear behavior of these coatings, along with a refinement of the microstructure that Provides an increase in hardness. This technique also allows eliminate porosity, avoiding the problem of incomplete fusion of particles and modifying the tribological behavior of coatings

No obstante, la refusión de toda la superficie del recubrimiento presenta como inconvenientes un peor comportamiento a desgaste lubricado, debido a la eliminación de la porosidad superficial del recubrimiento. Igualmente conlleva una excesiva afectación térmica cuando las superficies a tratar son relativamente grandes, por el calentamiento progresivo que sufre el material, como consecuencia de los sucesivos barridos necesarios para completar el tratamiento de toda la superficie. Además, existen otras dificultades técnicas como son los esfuerzos internos inducidos en el material, que pueden provocar la aparición de grietas. El alto coste por hora y la lentitud del proceso que implica el empleo de la tecnología láser también estaría dentro de las desventajas.However, the refusion of the entire surface of the coating presents as disadvantages a worse lubricated wear behavior, due to the elimination of surface porosity of the coating. It also carries a excessive thermal involvement when the surfaces to be treated are relatively large, due to the progressive warming that the material, as a result of the successive sweeps necessary to complete the entire surface treatment. Further, there are other technical difficulties such as internal efforts induced in the material, which can cause the appearance of cracks The high cost per hour and the slow process involves the use of laser technology would also be within the disadvantages.

Descripción detallada de la invenciónDetailed description of the invention

El objeto de esta invención es el desarrollo de un procedimiento de mallado con láser de recubrimientos previamente depositados por plasma sobre piezas cilíndricas basado en un tratamiento con el láser localizado y parcial, sin cubrir toda la superficie. Para ello, en lugar de tratar con el láser toda la superficie solapando los barridos al lado uno de otro, se realizan "n" barridos paralelos separados entre sí una determinada distancia, formando con la generatriz del cilindro un ángulo "\theta" determinado, dando lugar a lo que denominamos "mallado paralelo IMG" (ver
figura 1).The object of this invention is the development of a laser meshing process of coatings previously deposited by plasma on cylindrical parts based on a treatment with the localized and partial laser, without covering the entire surface. To do this, instead of treating the entire surface with the laser overlapping the sweeps next to each other, "n" parallel sweeps are made separated from each other a certain distance, forming with the cylinder generatrix a given angle "the", giving rise to what we call "IMG parallel meshing" (see
Figure 1).

Combinando dos barridos paralelos de ángulos opuestos, iguales o diferentes, se obtendría lo que denominamos "mallado cruzado IMG" (ver figura 2).Combining two parallel sweeps of angles opposites, the same or different, we would get what we call "IMG cross mesh" (see figure 2).

El recubrimiento inicial se obtiene a partir de materiales en forma de polvo que se depositan mediante proyección por plasma sobre un substrato.The initial coating is obtained from powder-shaped materials that are deposited by projection by plasma on a substrate.

El recubrimiento debe ser refundido con láser en todo su espesor, ajustando los parámetros del láser (potencia, focalización y velocidad) para obtener una densidad de energía adecuada, que permita eliminar la porosidad del recubrimiento con ausencia de grietas y una dilución mínima del substrato. Estos parámetros serán los idóneos y dependerán del tipo y potencia de láser empleado, así como de las características del recubrimiento depositado por proyección por plasma.The coating must be recast with laser in full thickness, adjusting the laser parameters (power, focus and speed) to obtain an energy density adequate, to eliminate the porosity of the coating with absence of cracks and minimal dilution of the substrate. These parameters will be suitable and will depend on the type and power of laser used, as well as the characteristics of the coating deposited by plasma projection.

Una vez determinados los parámetros óptimos de refusión se procede a realizar cordones paralelos con el láser sobre la superficie del cilindro a refundir.Once the optimal parameters of refusion proceeds to make parallel cords with the laser on the surface of the cylinder to recast.

Como variables geométricas a considerar de partida están:As geometric variables to consider heading are:

\sqbullet\ sqbullet
Porcentaje de la superficie "S" del cilindro que se desea refundir (%S), cuyo valor será definido en función de la aplicación concreta que se pretenda dar al cilindro tratado y que estará comprendido entre el 0 y el 50%.Surface percentage "S" of the cylinder to be recast (% S), whose value will be defined according to the specific application to be given to the treated cylinder and that will be between 0 and fifty%.

\sqbullet\ sqbullet
Ángulo de inclinación del cordón respecto a la generatriz del cilindro (\theta)Tilt angle cord relative to the cylinder generatrix (\) 

       \newpage\ newpage

\sqbullet\ sqbullet
Ancho del cordón (h), que será función de la densidad de energía del láser y de la velocidad de refusión necesaria para que la dilución del substrato sea mínima, eliminando la porosidad y realizando la operación en el menor tiempo posible y con ausencia de agrietamiento (cordón óptimo). Estos parámetros dependerán a su vez del tipo y potencia del láser empleado.Cord width (h), which will be function of the energy density of the laser and the speed of necessary refusion so that the dilution of the substrate is minimal, eliminating porosity and performing the operation in the minor possible time and with absence of cracking (optimal cord). These parameters will depend on the type and power of the laser employee.

Podemos definir, según las figuras 1 y 2:We can define, according to figures 1 and 2:

%S = porcentaje de la superficie total del cilindro recubierto que se refunde.% S = percentage of the total area of the coated cylinder that refuses.

h = ancho del cordón.h = cord width.

l = longitud del cordón.l = cord length.

n = número de cordones.n = number of cords.

S = superficie total del cilindro recubierto.S = total cylinder surface covered.

R = radio del cilindro recubierto.R = radius of the coated cylinder.

P = paso del cordón (distancia entre dos puntos homólogos de dos cordones contiguos, medido según una circunferencia perpendicular a la generatriz del cilindro).P = cord passage (distance between two points counterparts of two contiguous cords, measured according to one circumference perpendicular to the generatrix of the cylinder).

\theta = ángulo que forman un cordón cualquiera y la generatriz del cilindro.the = angle forming a cord Any and the generatrix of the cylinder.

\beta = ángulo que forman un cordón cualquiera (del segundo barrido) y la generatriz del cilindro.β = angle forming any string (of the second scan) and the generatrix of the cylinder.

L = longitud de la pieza cilíndrica a tratar.L = length of the cylindrical part a try.

El número de cordones a realizar se calculará en función del tipo de mallado que queramos realizar, del porcentaje de superficie a recubrir y de la anchura de los cordones empleados. Así, tendremos que, para un mallado paralelo:The number of cords to be made will be calculated in function of the type of mesh we want to make, of the percentage of surface to cover and the width of the cords used. Thus, we will have to, for a parallel mesh:

n = f (%S, h, \theta, L, r)n = f (% S, h, the, L, r)

Y para un mallado de tipo cruzado:And for a cross type mesh:

n = f (%S, h, \theta, \beta, L, r)n = f (% S, h, the, β, L, r)

En cuanto a la realización de este tipo de manados, para el mallado paralelo se efectúa un primer cordón empleando la desfocalización adecuada para obtener cordones de h milímetros de ancho formando un ángulo \theta con la generatriz del cilindro, con los parámetros adecuados del láser. A continuación se gira el cilindro (360/n) grados y se realiza un segundo cordón paralelo al anterior. Se repite este último paso en el mismo sentido de giro hasta completar el número de cordones n equidistantes establecidos para toda la superficie del cilindro. Para el mallado cruzado, una vez realizado el primer mallado paralelo, se realiza un segundo mallado paralelo de forma análoga al anterior, cambiando únicamente el valor del ángulo \theta por el \beta tal como se muestra en la figura 2.Regarding the realization of this type of commanded, a first bead is made for parallel meshing using the appropriate defocalization to obtain cords of h millimeters wide at an angle? with the generatrix of the cylinder, with the appropriate laser parameters. TO the cylinder is then rotated (360 / n) degrees and a second cord parallel to the previous one. This last step is repeated in the same direction of rotation until the number of cords n is completed equidistant established for the entire surface of the cylinder. For the crossed mesh, once the first mesh has been made parallel, a second parallel meshing is performed analogously to the previous one, changing only the value of the angle? by β as shown in figure 2.

La presente invención presenta las siguientes ventajas con respecto al estado de la técnica:The present invention has the following advantages over the prior art:

\sqbullet\ sqbullet
Incremento de la resistencia al desgaste para contactos lubricados, ya que este procedimiento combina las propiedades de las capas proyectadas por plasma (sus poros actúan como pequeños almacenes de lubricante) y las capas totalmente refundidas con láser (valores elevados de dureza y microdureza).Resistance increase to wear for lubricated contacts, since this procedure combines the properties of the plasma projected layers (their pores act as small stores of lubricant) and the layers fully recast with laser (high hardness values and microhardness).

\sqbullet\ sqbullet
Disminución del tiempo necesario para realizar la refusión del recubrimiento, al ser necesario tratar sólo una parte del total del recubrimiento.Time decrease necessary to perform the refusion of the coating, being it is necessary to treat only a part of the total covering.

\sqbullet\ sqbullet
Disminución de la afectación térmica del substrato frente a un tratamiento total de la superficie.Decreased involvement thermal of the substrate against a total treatment of the surface.

\sqbullet\ sqbullet
Disminución de los costes de la refusión con láser como consecuencia de menor tiempo empleado en la misma.Decrease in the costs of laser refusion as a result of less time spent on the same.

El campo de aplicación industrial se circunscribe a la práctica totalidad de las máquinas con contactos lubricados entre eje o árbol y el correspondiente apoyo para reducir el desgaste (principal problema del acortamiento de vida de éstas) y mejorar el comportamiento cinemático y dinámico de los mismos. Ejemplos típicos: árboles de accionamiento de un tren de laminación, rodillos de mesas de enfriamiento de los trenes de bandas en caliente siderúrgicos, casquillos de bomba, bombas de pistones, rodillos-guía, conjunto pistón-cilindro y, de forma general, en todo árbol de máquinas rotativas.The industrial field of application is limited to almost all machines with lubricated contacts between axle or shaft and the corresponding support to reduce wear (the main problem of shortening their life) and improve their kinematic and dynamic behavior. Typical examples: drive shafts of a rolling mill, rollers of cooling tables of steel hot-band trains, pump bushings, piston pumps, guide rollers, piston-cylinder assembly and, in general, throughout Rotary machine tree.

Breve descripción de las figurasBrief description of the figures

La Figura 1 muestra la pieza cilíndrica de longitud L y radio R sobre la que se esquematiza la refusión parcial con láser con un mallado paralelo IMG. Sobre esta superficie se realizan n barridos con el láser originando n cordones de refusión, de anchura constante h, que forman un ángulo \theta con la generatriz de la pieza cilíndrica. Se muestra igualmente el paso P.Figure 1 shows the cylindrical part of length L and radius R on which the refusion is schematized partial laser with an IMG parallel mesh. About this surface are performed n sweeps with the laser originating n cords of refusion, of constant width h, which form an angle? with the generatrix of the cylindrical piece. It also shows the step P.

La Figura 2 muestra la pieza cilíndrica de longitud L y radio R sobre la que se esquematiza la refusión parcial con láser con un mallado cruzado IMGFigure 2 shows the cylindrical part of length L and radius R on which the refusion is schematized partial laser with an IMG cross mesh

Claims (4)

1. Procedimiento de mallado con láser de recubrimientos previamente depositados por plasma sobre piezas cilíndricas, caracterizado porque el tratamiento con láser se realiza sólo sobre un porcentaje de la superficie total del cilindro, y porque el recubrimiento en la zona tratada con láser debe ser refundido en todo su espesor, ajustando los parámetros para obtener una densidad de energía adecuada que permita eliminar la porosidad en esa zona, sin agrietamiento y con una dilución mínima del substrato.1. Procedure of laser meshing of coatings previously deposited by plasma on cylindrical parts, characterized in that the laser treatment is carried out only on a percentage of the total surface of the cylinder, and because the coating in the area treated with laser must be recast in all its thickness, adjusting the parameters to obtain an adequate energy density that allows to eliminate the porosity in that area, without cracking and with a minimum dilution of the substrate. 2. Procedimiento de mallado con láser de recubrimientos previamente depositados por plasma sobre piezas cilíndricas, según la reivindicación anterior, caracterizado porque se trazan cordones paralelos sucesivos sobre la superficie del cilindro a refundir, separados entre sí un paso P y formando un determinado ángulo genérico constante \theta con la generatriz del cilindro.2. Procedure of laser meshing of coatings previously deposited by plasma on cylindrical parts, according to the preceding claim, characterized in that successive parallel cords are drawn on the surface of the cylinder to be recast, separated from each other by a step P and forming a certain constant generic angle the with the generator of the cylinder. 3. Procedimiento de mallado con láser de recubrimientos previamente depositados por plasma sobre piezas cilíndricas, según las reivindicaciones anteriores, caracterizado porque, en aquellas situaciones en las que resulte conveniente se pueden combinar dos mallados paralelos de ángulos opuestos, iguales o diferentes.3. Laser meshing process of coatings previously deposited by plasma on cylindrical parts, according to the preceding claims, characterized in that, in those situations where it is convenient, two parallel meshes of opposite, equal or different angles can be combined. 4. Procedimiento de mallado con láser de recubrimientos previamente depositados por plasma sobre piezas cilíndricas, según las reivindicaciones anteriores, caracterizado porque el número de cordones a realizar durante el proceso de refusión se calcula en función del porcentaje de superficie a refundir. Dicho valor vendrá determinado por las características propias de los materiales empleados para la realización del recubrimiento proyectado por plasma, el tipo y potencia del láser empleado y las aplicaciones concretas para las que la pieza haya sido diseñada.4. Laser meshing process of coatings previously deposited by plasma on cylindrical parts, according to the preceding claims, characterized in that the number of cords to be performed during the refusion process is calculated based on the percentage of surface to be recast. Said value will be determined by the characteristics of the materials used for the realization of the plasma projected coating, the type and power of the laser used and the specific applications for which the part has been designed.
ES200502470A 2005-10-03 2005-10-03 Meshing method for laser coatings deposited by plasma on cylindrical pieces, involves treating localized and partial laser, without covering all surface, and parallel sweepings are formed in angle determined with generating cylinder Pending ES2284355A1 (en)

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Cited By (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US20180283310A1 (en) * 2017-04-04 2018-10-04 GM Global Technology Operations LLC Laser remelting to enhance cylinder bore mechanical properties

Citations (4)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
JPS5776149A (en) * 1980-10-29 1982-05-13 Teikoku Piston Ring Co Ltd Cast iron-made slide member including both of unchiled structure part and chilled structure part
US6197386B1 (en) * 1997-09-12 2001-03-06 Fraunhofer-Gesellschaft Zur Forderung Der Angewandten Forschung E.V. Method for applying a coating by means of plasma spraying while simultaneously applying a continuous laser beam
US20020025386A1 (en) * 1999-02-19 2002-02-28 Rolf Heinemann Method and device for treating a surface of a component
DE10248278A1 (en) * 2002-10-16 2004-05-06 Daimlerchrysler Ag Process for treating a surface of a component, e.g. cylinder face, comprises thermally spraying the surface using electric arc wire spraying and irradiating with a laser

Patent Citations (4)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
JPS5776149A (en) * 1980-10-29 1982-05-13 Teikoku Piston Ring Co Ltd Cast iron-made slide member including both of unchiled structure part and chilled structure part
US6197386B1 (en) * 1997-09-12 2001-03-06 Fraunhofer-Gesellschaft Zur Forderung Der Angewandten Forschung E.V. Method for applying a coating by means of plasma spraying while simultaneously applying a continuous laser beam
US20020025386A1 (en) * 1999-02-19 2002-02-28 Rolf Heinemann Method and device for treating a surface of a component
DE10248278A1 (en) * 2002-10-16 2004-05-06 Daimlerchrysler Ag Process for treating a surface of a component, e.g. cylinder face, comprises thermally spraying the surface using electric arc wire spraying and irradiating with a laser

Cited By (2)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US20180283310A1 (en) * 2017-04-04 2018-10-04 GM Global Technology Operations LLC Laser remelting to enhance cylinder bore mechanical properties
US10662891B2 (en) * 2017-04-04 2020-05-26 GM Global Technology Operations LLC Laser remelting to enhance cylinder bore mechanical properties

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