CN114369821A - Laser cladding repair process for gray cast iron piston head ring groove - Google Patents

Laser cladding repair process for gray cast iron piston head ring groove Download PDF

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Publication number
CN114369821A
CN114369821A CN202111438491.4A CN202111438491A CN114369821A CN 114369821 A CN114369821 A CN 114369821A CN 202111438491 A CN202111438491 A CN 202111438491A CN 114369821 A CN114369821 A CN 114369821A
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China
Prior art keywords
piston head
laser cladding
ring groove
cladding
cast iron
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CN202111438491.4A
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Chinese (zh)
Inventor
林学春
农光壹
林培晨
谭长伟
杭骏祥
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Jiangsu Zhiyuan Laser Equipment Technology Co ltd
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Jiangsu Zhiyuan Laser Equipment Technology Co ltd
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Priority to CN202111438491.4A priority Critical patent/CN114369821A/en
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    • CCHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C23COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; CHEMICAL SURFACE TREATMENT; DIFFUSION TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL; INHIBITING CORROSION OF METALLIC MATERIAL OR INCRUSTATION IN GENERAL
    • C23CCOATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; SURFACE TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL BY DIFFUSION INTO THE SURFACE, BY CHEMICAL CONVERSION OR SUBSTITUTION; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL
    • C23C24/00Coating starting from inorganic powder
    • C23C24/08Coating starting from inorganic powder by application of heat or pressure and heat
    • C23C24/10Coating starting from inorganic powder by application of heat or pressure and heat with intermediate formation of a liquid phase in the layer
    • C23C24/103Coating with metallic material, i.e. metals or metal alloys, optionally comprising hard particles, e.g. oxides, carbides or nitrides
    • C23C24/106Coating with metal alloys or metal elements only
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B22CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
    • B22FWORKING METALLIC POWDER; MANUFACTURE OF ARTICLES FROM METALLIC POWDER; MAKING METALLIC POWDER; APPARATUS OR DEVICES SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR METALLIC POWDER
    • B22F7/00Manufacture of composite layers, workpieces, or articles, comprising metallic powder, by sintering the powder, with or without compacting wherein at least one part is obtained by sintering or compression
    • B22F7/06Manufacture of composite layers, workpieces, or articles, comprising metallic powder, by sintering the powder, with or without compacting wherein at least one part is obtained by sintering or compression of composite workpieces or articles from parts, e.g. to form tipped tools
    • B22F7/062Manufacture of composite layers, workpieces, or articles, comprising metallic powder, by sintering the powder, with or without compacting wherein at least one part is obtained by sintering or compression of composite workpieces or articles from parts, e.g. to form tipped tools involving the connection or repairing of preformed parts
    • CCHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C22METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
    • C22CALLOYS
    • C22C37/00Cast-iron alloys
    • C22C37/06Cast-iron alloys containing chromium
    • C22C37/08Cast-iron alloys containing chromium with nickel
    • CCHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C22METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
    • C22CALLOYS
    • C22C37/00Cast-iron alloys
    • C22C37/10Cast-iron alloys containing aluminium or silicon
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B22CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
    • B22FWORKING METALLIC POWDER; MANUFACTURE OF ARTICLES FROM METALLIC POWDER; MAKING METALLIC POWDER; APPARATUS OR DEVICES SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR METALLIC POWDER
    • B22F7/00Manufacture of composite layers, workpieces, or articles, comprising metallic powder, by sintering the powder, with or without compacting wherein at least one part is obtained by sintering or compression
    • B22F7/06Manufacture of composite layers, workpieces, or articles, comprising metallic powder, by sintering the powder, with or without compacting wherein at least one part is obtained by sintering or compression of composite workpieces or articles from parts, e.g. to form tipped tools
    • B22F7/062Manufacture of composite layers, workpieces, or articles, comprising metallic powder, by sintering the powder, with or without compacting wherein at least one part is obtained by sintering or compression of composite workpieces or articles from parts, e.g. to form tipped tools involving the connection or repairing of preformed parts
    • B22F2007/068Manufacture of composite layers, workpieces, or articles, comprising metallic powder, by sintering the powder, with or without compacting wherein at least one part is obtained by sintering or compression of composite workpieces or articles from parts, e.g. to form tipped tools involving the connection or repairing of preformed parts repairing articles

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  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Materials Engineering (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Metallurgy (AREA)
  • Organic Chemistry (AREA)
  • Composite Materials (AREA)
  • Manufacturing & Machinery (AREA)
  • Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
  • Laser Beam Processing (AREA)

Abstract

The invention relates to a gray cast iron piston head ring groove laser cladding repair process; the method comprises the following steps: machining the inner vertical surface of the damaged piston head ring groove to be repaired; cleaning the inner vertical surface of the ring groove; thirdly, setting technological parameters through laser cladding equipment to carry out laser cladding on the iron-based alloy powder on the repaired part of the piston ring groove; fourthly, the power used for repairing the opposite face of the annular groove is reduced by 5 to 10 percent, and other parameters are consistent with the first vertical face parameter; sequentially completing laser cladding processes of other ring grooves of the piston head; and after laser cladding is finished, performing dye penetrant inspection after the piston head is naturally cooled, solving the problem that the laser cladding of the inner vertical surface of the ring groove of the grey cast iron piston head is easy to generate cracks and air holes under the condition of no preheating and no heat preservation, realizing laser cladding repair and reinforcement of the inner vertical surface of the ring groove of the grey cast iron piston head, replacing a new piston head, greatly prolonging the service life of the piston head, and realizing remanufacturing and recycling of an old piston head.

Description

Laser cladding repair process for gray cast iron piston head ring groove
Technical Field
The invention relates to the field of piston remanufacturing, in particular to a laser cladding repair process for a gray cast iron piston head ring groove, which is suitable for repair and manufacture of gray cast iron, ductile iron and other cast iron piston ring grooves.
Background
One of the main parts of the piston engine of the engine, the piston group is formed by the piston engine, the piston ring, the piston pin and other parts, and the combustion chamber is formed by the piston engine, the piston group, the cylinder cover and the like.
The most common damage to pistons is wear of the piston ring grooves, piston skirt portions, and piston pins and piston pin boss bores. The piston ring groove is the most worn part of the piston, especially the first piston ring groove is worn most seriously. The main reason is that the unit pressure of the piston ring to the ring groove is assessed by the pressure of the fuel gas, and the impact force of the piston ring to the ring groove is large due to the high-speed Wangfu motion of the piston; in addition, the high temperature of the combustion gases causes the operating temperature of the piston head to be high, which results in the piston ring grooves being susceptible to wear. The worn ring groove has a trapezoidal section, wide outside and narrow inside, and increased side clearance, which leads to air leakage and oil channeling of the cylinder, and causes the problems of reduced power performance of the engine, deteriorated lubrication, large amount of carbon deposition in a combustion chamber and the like. Therefore, the strengthening and repairing of the piston ring groove are necessary, most of the traditional repairing modes are plasma repairing, for example, a plasma arc cladding repairing method of a continuous casting roller provided by the file number CN 102912276A, but as the piston head is made of gray cast iron, and the groove of the ring groove is too narrow (6-12 mm), the plasma repairing needs preheating and heat preservation, and many piston heads cannot be repaired.
With the development of the surface modification technology, the laser cladding technology is gradually widely applied. Laser Cladding (Laser Cladding), also known as Laser Cladding or Laser Cladding, is a new surface modification technique. The method is characterized in that a cladding material is added on the surface of a base material, and the cladding material and a thin layer on the surface of the base material are fused together by utilizing a laser beam with high energy density, so that a cladding layer which is metallurgically bonded with the base layer is formed on the surface of the base layer. The laser cladding technology has high controllability and stable quality, and the feasibility and the advantages of repairing the piston head and the piston ring groove by utilizing the laser cladding technology are high.
Disclosure of Invention
Aiming at the repair requirements of the piston heads of gray cast iron and nodular cast iron, the invention provides a laser cladding repair process for the piston head ring groove of gray cast iron, which can realize the repair of the piston head ring groove and prolong the service life of the piston head.
A gray cast iron piston head ring groove laser cladding repair process specifically comprises the following steps:
the method comprises the following steps: machining the inner vertical surface of the damaged piston head ring groove to be repaired, and turning to remove the fatigue layer and the oxidation layer;
step two: cleaning the inner vertical surface of the ring groove, removing burrs and oil stains;
step three: setting technological parameters through laser cladding equipment to carry out laser cladding on the iron-based alloy powder on the repaired part of the piston ring groove, wherein the piston head continuously rotates at a variable speed in the cladding process, so that the scanning linear velocity of a cladding head is ensured to be at a constant speed; completing the repair of the single-side vertical surface of the ring groove;
step four: when the opposite face of the annular groove is repaired, the used power is reduced by 5-10%, and other parameters are consistent with the first vertical face parameter;
step five: sequentially completing laser cladding processes of other ring grooves of the piston head, wherein the power parameters of the laser cladding processes are respectively consistent with the parameters of the two vertical surfaces of the first ring groove;
step six: after laser cladding is finished, after the piston head is naturally cooled, performing dye check to detect whether air holes and cracks exist, and then performing machining to restore the original size.
The invention is further improved in that: in the first step, the width of the piston head ring groove is 7-10mm, the depth of the piston head ring groove is 8-12mm, and according to the damage condition, the ring groove is pinned to remove oxide skin and a fatigue layer, so that the defect of a laser cladding layer caused by the fatigue layer is avoided.
The invention is further improved in that: in the third step, the laser cladding adopts a 4kW semiconductor laser as a light source, a six-axis robot and a two-axis positioner as a laser cladding movement system, an air-carrying powder machine as a powder feeding mechanism, and three coaxial powder feeding cladding heads as laser heads, so that the laser cladding system is integrally formed to carry out laser cladding continuous scanning processing.
The invention is further improved in that: in the third step, the laser cladding process parameters are as follows: the laser focus spot size is: phi is 1.8mm, the powder feeding nozzle of the cladding head is a three-way coaxial powder feeding nozzle, the working distance is 35mm, the inclination angle is 30-60 degrees, the output power is 1600 plus 2000W, the piston head continuously rotates at variable speed by a positioner, the cladding linear speed is ensured to be constant and is 10-12mm/s, the cladding layer is lapped from inside to outside one way, the lapping amount is 1.0mm, the powder feeding amount is 30-40g/min, the adopted protective gas is argon, and the argon flow is 14-18L/min.
The invention is further improved in that: and (5) immediately performing a fourth step after the third step, namely cladding opposite to the related side surface, wherein the process parameter is 90-95% of the power used in the third step, and other parameters are the same as those in the third step.
The invention is further improved in that: in the third step, the components of the iron-based alloy powder are 2.29 percent of C, 29.10 percent of Cr, 0.84 percent of Mn, 3.16 percent of Si, 4.35 percent of NiC and the balance of Fe.
The invention is further improved in that: in the third step, the final hardness of the iron-based alloy powder is HRC52-62, and the thickness is 1.2 mm.
The invention has the beneficial effects that: the laser cladding repair process for the gray cast iron piston head ring groove can be applied to repair and reinforcement of the piston head ring groove made of gray cast iron, nodular cast iron and the like, can avoid preheating and heat preservation processes, simultaneously ensures that a cladding layer has no defects of air holes, cracks, residues and the like, ensures the consistency and stability of product quality, is reliable in production quality and high in hardness of a repair layer, is metallurgically combined with base metal, realizes repair of the piston head ring groove, greatly prolongs the service life of the piston head, replaces a new piston head, realizes remanufacturing and recycling of an old piston head, and has high social benefits.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a pictorial view of the inside vertical face of a piston head ring groove of the present invention after machining; .
Fig. 2 and 3 show the inside-out angles and directions of the laser cladding powder feeding nozzle for piston ring grooves.
FIG. 4 is a representation of a piston head ring groove of the present invention after repair.
Detailed Description
For the purpose of enhancing the understanding of the present invention, the present invention will be described in further detail with reference to the accompanying drawings and examples, which are provided for the purpose of illustration only and are not intended to limit the scope of the present invention.
Example 1:
taking laser cladding repair of the piston head of the marine oil production machine as an example, a specific implementation mode of a laser cladding repair process of the gray cast iron piston head ring groove is described, and the specific requirements are as follows: the method has no air holes and cracks, the hardness is more than 52HRC, the thickness of a cladding layer is more than 0.8mm, the width of a piston ring groove is 7mm, the depth is 10mm, and the method comprises the following specific steps:
the method comprises the following steps: machining the inner vertical surface of the damaged piston head ring groove to be repaired, turning to remove a fatigue layer and an oxidation layer, and turning off 0.3mm of each vertical surface at two sides as shown in figure 1;
step two: cleaning the inner vertical surface of the ring groove, removing burrs and oil stains;
step three: setting technological parameters through laser cladding equipment to carry out laser cladding on the iron-based alloy powder on the repaired part of the piston ring groove, wherein the piston head continuously rotates at a variable speed in the cladding process, so that the scanning linear velocity of a cladding head is ensured to be at a constant speed; completing the repair of the single-side vertical surface of the ring groove;
step four: after the cladding of the inner vertical surface of the first ring groove is finished, cladding the other surface of the first ring groove is carried out according to the method related to the third step, the power of the cladding is 1700W, and other parameters are consistent with those in the third step;
step five: according to the third step and the fourth step, the laser cladding process of other ring grooves of the piston head is completed in sequence, the power parameters of the laser cladding process are respectively consistent with the parameters of the two vertical surfaces of the first ring groove, and the laser cladding real image is shown in fig. 4;
step six: after laser cladding is finished, after the piston head is naturally cooled, performing dye check to detect whether air holes and cracks exist, and then performing machining to restore the original size.
In the third step, the laser cladding adopts a 4kW semiconductor laser as a light source, a six-axis robot and a two-axis positioner as a laser cladding movement system, an air-carrying powder machine as a powder feeding mechanism, and three coaxial powder feeding cladding heads as laser heads, and the laser cladding system is integrally formed to carry out laser cladding continuous scanning processing, wherein the laser cladding process parameters are as follows: the laser focus spot size is: phi is 1.8mm, the powder feeding nozzle of the cladding head is a three-way coaxial powder feeding nozzle, the working distance is 35mm, the inclination angle is 30 degrees, the output power is 1800W, the piston head continuously rotates at variable speed by a positioner to ensure the cladding linear velocity to be at a constant speed of 10mm/s, the cladding layer is lapped from inside to outside one way (as shown in figures 2 and 3), the lapping amount is 1.0mm, the powder feeding amount is 38g/min, the adopted protective gas is argon, and the argon flow is 15L/min.
The powder related to the laser cladding is ferrochrome powder, and the powder comprises 2.29% of C, 29.10% of Cr, 0.84% of Mn, 3.16% of Si, 4.35% of NiC and the balance of Fe. The final hardness is HRC52-55, the thickness is 1.0mm, no crack and no pore and other defects exist, and preheating and heat preservation are not needed in the whole process.
Example 2:
the embodiment 2 is different from the embodiment 1 only in that parameters in the third step are different in the repairing process, specifically:
the laser cladding adopts a 4kW semiconductor laser as a light source, a six-axis robot and a two-axis positioner as a laser cladding movement system, an air-carrying powder machine as a powder feeding mechanism, and three coaxial powder feeding cladding heads as laser heads, and the laser cladding system is integrally formed to carry out laser cladding continuous scanning processing, wherein the laser cladding process parameters are as follows: the laser focus spot size is: phi is 1.8mm, the powder feeding nozzle of the cladding head is a three-way coaxial powder feeding nozzle, the working distance is 35mm, the inclination angle is 45 degrees, the output power is 1600W, the piston head continuously rotates at variable speed by a positioner, the cladding linear speed is ensured to be uniform and is 11mm/s, the cladding layer is lapped from inside to outside one way (as shown in figures 2 and 3), the lapping quantity is 1.0mm, the powder feeding quantity is 30g/min, the adopted protective gas is argon, and the argon flow is 14L/min.
Example 3:
the embodiment 3 is different from the embodiments 1 and 2 only in that parameters in the third step are different in the repairing process, specifically:
the laser cladding adopts a 4kW semiconductor laser as a light source, a six-axis robot and a two-axis positioner as a laser cladding movement system, an air-carrying powder machine as a powder feeding mechanism, and three coaxial powder feeding cladding heads as laser heads, and the laser cladding system is integrally formed to carry out laser cladding continuous scanning processing, wherein the laser cladding process parameters are as follows: the laser focus spot size is: phi is 1.8mm, the powder feeding nozzle of the cladding head is a three-way coaxial powder feeding nozzle, the working distance is 35mm, the inclination angle is 60 degrees, the output power is 2000W, the piston head continuously rotates at variable speed by a positioner, the cladding linear speed is ensured to be uniform and is 12mm/s, the cladding layer is lapped from inside to outside one way (as shown in figures 2 and 3), the lapping quantity is 1.0mm, the powder feeding quantity is 40g/min, the adopted protective gas is argon, and the argon flow is 18L/min.
It will be understood by those skilled in the art that the present invention is not limited to the embodiments described above, which are described in the specification and illustrated only to illustrate the principle of the present invention, but that various changes and modifications may be made therein without departing from the spirit and scope of the present invention, which fall within the scope of the invention as claimed. The scope of the invention is defined by the appended claims and equivalents thereof.

Claims (7)

1. A gray cast iron piston head ring groove laser cladding repair process is characterized in that: the method specifically comprises the following steps:
the method comprises the following steps: machining the inner vertical surface of the damaged piston head ring groove to be repaired, and turning to remove the fatigue layer and the oxidation layer;
step two: cleaning the inner vertical surface of the ring groove, removing burrs and oil stains;
step three: setting technological parameters through laser cladding equipment to carry out laser cladding on the iron-based alloy powder on the repaired part of the piston ring groove, wherein the piston head continuously rotates at a variable speed in the cladding process, so that the scanning linear velocity of a cladding head is ensured to be at a constant speed; completing the repair of the single-side vertical surface of the ring groove;
step four: when the opposite face of the annular groove is repaired, the used power is reduced by 5-10%, and other parameters are consistent with the first vertical face parameter;
step five: sequentially completing laser cladding processes of other ring grooves of the piston head, wherein the power parameters of the laser cladding processes are respectively consistent with the parameters of the two vertical surfaces of the first ring groove;
step six: after laser cladding is finished, after the piston head is naturally cooled, performing dye check to detect whether air holes and cracks exist, and then performing machining to restore the original size.
2. The laser cladding repair process for the gray cast iron piston head ring groove as claimed in claim 1, wherein: in the first step, the width of the piston head ring groove is 7-10mm, the depth of the piston head ring groove is 8-12mm, and according to the damage condition, the ring groove is pinned to remove oxide skin and a fatigue layer, so that the defect of a laser cladding layer caused by the fatigue layer is avoided.
3. The laser cladding repair process for the gray cast iron piston head ring groove as claimed in claim 1, wherein: in the third step, the laser cladding adopts a 4kW semiconductor laser as a light source, a six-axis robot and a two-axis positioner as a laser cladding movement system, an air-carrying powder machine as a powder feeding mechanism, and three coaxial powder feeding cladding heads as laser heads, so that the laser cladding system is integrally formed to carry out laser cladding continuous scanning processing.
4. The laser cladding repair process for the gray cast iron piston head ring groove as claimed in claim 3, wherein: in the third step, the laser cladding process parameters are as follows: the laser focus spot size is: phi is 1.8mm, the powder feeding nozzle of the cladding head is a three-way coaxial powder feeding nozzle, the working distance is 35mm, the inclination angle is 30-60 degrees, the output power is 1600 plus 2000W, the piston head continuously rotates at variable speed by a positioner, the cladding linear speed is ensured to be constant and is 10-12mm/s, the cladding layer is lapped from inside to outside one way, the lapping amount is 1.0mm, the powder feeding amount is 30-40g/min, the adopted protective gas is argon, and the argon flow is 14-18L/min.
5. The laser cladding repair process for the gray cast iron piston head ring groove as claimed in claim 4, wherein: and (5) immediately performing a fourth step after the third step, namely cladding opposite to the related side surface, wherein the process parameter is 90-95% of the power used in the third step, and other parameters are the same as those in the third step.
6. The laser cladding repair process for the gray cast iron piston head ring groove as claimed in claim 1, wherein: in the third step, the components of the iron-based alloy powder are 2.29 percent of C, 29.10 percent of Cr, 0.84 percent of Mn, 3.16 percent of Si, 4.35 percent of NiC and the balance of Fe.
7. The laser cladding repair process for the gray cast iron piston head ring groove as claimed in claim 1, wherein: in the third step, the final hardness of the iron-based alloy powder is HRC52-62, and the thickness is 1.2 mm.
CN202111438491.4A 2021-11-30 2021-11-30 Laser cladding repair process for gray cast iron piston head ring groove Pending CN114369821A (en)

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Cited By (2)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CN115110076A (en) * 2022-06-07 2022-09-27 湘潭大学 Method for ultrahigh-speed laser cladding of nodular cast iron shaft parts
CN115772668A (en) * 2022-12-09 2023-03-10 江苏智远激光装备科技有限公司 Wind power sliding shaft laser cladding process

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CN104141131A (en) * 2014-08-01 2014-11-12 常州南车柴油机零部件有限公司 Process for repairing piston ring groove
CN106480447A (en) * 2015-09-02 2017-03-08 沈阳大陆激光工程技术有限公司 A kind of method that laser manufactures low-speed heave-load marine diesel engine piston annular groove
CN109807550A (en) * 2017-11-22 2019-05-28 四川跃镁镁业科技有限公司 A method of repairing engine piston ring

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CN102619477A (en) * 2011-01-28 2012-08-01 中国石油大学(华东) Wear and corrosion resistant iron-based alloy laser-cladding petroleum drill stem joint
CN104141131A (en) * 2014-08-01 2014-11-12 常州南车柴油机零部件有限公司 Process for repairing piston ring groove
CN106480447A (en) * 2015-09-02 2017-03-08 沈阳大陆激光工程技术有限公司 A kind of method that laser manufactures low-speed heave-load marine diesel engine piston annular groove
CN109807550A (en) * 2017-11-22 2019-05-28 四川跃镁镁业科技有限公司 A method of repairing engine piston ring

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Cited By (4)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CN115110076A (en) * 2022-06-07 2022-09-27 湘潭大学 Method for ultrahigh-speed laser cladding of nodular cast iron shaft parts
CN115110076B (en) * 2022-06-07 2024-02-06 湘潭大学 Method for cladding ductile iron shaft parts by ultra-high-speed laser
CN115772668A (en) * 2022-12-09 2023-03-10 江苏智远激光装备科技有限公司 Wind power sliding shaft laser cladding process
CN115772668B (en) * 2022-12-09 2024-05-14 江苏智远激光装备科技有限公司 Laser cladding process for wind power sliding shaft

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Application publication date: 20220419