CN115772668A - Wind power sliding shaft laser cladding process - Google Patents
Wind power sliding shaft laser cladding process Download PDFInfo
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- CN115772668A CN115772668A CN202211581991.8A CN202211581991A CN115772668A CN 115772668 A CN115772668 A CN 115772668A CN 202211581991 A CN202211581991 A CN 202211581991A CN 115772668 A CN115772668 A CN 115772668A
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- 238000004372 laser cladding Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 54
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 38
- 230000008569 process Effects 0.000 title claims abstract description 33
- 238000005253 cladding Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 27
- 230000007246 mechanism Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 18
- 238000012545 processing Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 12
- 230000007547 defect Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 10
- 229910000906 Bronze Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 6
- ATJFFYVFTNAWJD-UHFFFAOYSA-N Tin Chemical compound [Sn] ATJFFYVFTNAWJD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 6
- 239000004065 semiconductor Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 5
- 238000004140 cleaning Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 4
- 239000007789 gas Substances 0.000 claims description 100
- 239000000843 powder Substances 0.000 claims description 57
- 230000002093 peripheral effect Effects 0.000 claims description 55
- 230000001681 protective effect Effects 0.000 claims description 46
- 239000000110 cooling liquid Substances 0.000 claims description 16
- XKRFYHLGVUSROY-UHFFFAOYSA-N Argon Chemical compound [Ar] XKRFYHLGVUSROY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 12
- 238000001816 cooling Methods 0.000 claims description 10
- 229910052786 argon Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 6
- 230000004888 barrier function Effects 0.000 claims description 4
- 230000005540 biological transmission Effects 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000000571 coke Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000013307 optical fiber Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000002356 single layer Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000002245 particle Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- 229910000881 Cu alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 abstract description 11
- 239000010949 copper Substances 0.000 abstract description 11
- RYGMFSIKBFXOCR-UHFFFAOYSA-N Copper Chemical compound [Cu] RYGMFSIKBFXOCR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 abstract description 8
- 229910052802 copper Inorganic materials 0.000 abstract description 8
- 238000004064 recycling Methods 0.000 abstract description 3
- 239000004576 sand Substances 0.000 abstract description 3
- 239000010974 bronze Substances 0.000 abstract description 2
- KUNSUQLRTQLHQQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N copper tin Chemical compound [Cu].[Sn] KUNSUQLRTQLHQQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 abstract description 2
- 230000002950 deficient Effects 0.000 abstract description 2
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- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 description 5
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- 238000003754 machining Methods 0.000 description 3
- 230000004048 modification Effects 0.000 description 3
- 238000012986 modification Methods 0.000 description 3
- 230000003647 oxidation Effects 0.000 description 3
- 238000007254 oxidation reaction Methods 0.000 description 3
- 238000007514 turning Methods 0.000 description 3
- CSCPPACGZOOCGX-UHFFFAOYSA-N Acetone Chemical compound CC(C)=O CSCPPACGZOOCGX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 241000227287 Elliottia pyroliflora Species 0.000 description 2
- 238000009750 centrifugal casting Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000007797 corrosion Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000005260 corrosion Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000010586 diagram Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000000428 dust Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000005516 engineering process Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000009434 installation Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229910052751 metal Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 230000008439 repair process Effects 0.000 description 2
- LFQSCWFLJHTTHZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ethanol Chemical compound CCO LFQSCWFLJHTTHZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000000654 additive Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000000996 additive effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000000956 alloy Substances 0.000 description 1
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- 238000000576 coating method Methods 0.000 description 1
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- 239000002826 coolant Substances 0.000 description 1
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Abstract
The invention belongs to the technical field of wind power sliding shaft processing, and particularly relates to a laser cladding process for a wind power sliding shaft, which comprises the following steps: s1, removing defects on the surface of a workpiece; s2, cleaning the workpiece and shielding a non-processing part of the workpiece; s3, a cladding track program is compiled according to process requirements; s4, setting process parameters, and enabling a laser cladding mechanism to carry out laser cladding according to a cladding track program; and S5, after laser cladding is finished, removing the shielding, and processing the workpiece into a finished product size. According to the method, the copper alloy cladding, repairing and remanufacturing of the sliding shaft in the wind power industry are realized by adopting the infrared semiconductor laser cladding method, the defects of cracks, air holes, sand holes and the like of the cladding layer are avoided, the copper bushing is replaced by a copper bushing process, the copper bushing and the planet gear shaft neck are combined into a whole, the problems of high porosity and low combination degree in tin bronze cladding are solved, and the old product repairing or the defective product repairing and recycling of the sliding shaft are realized.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of wind power sliding shaft processing, and particularly relates to a laser cladding process for a wind power sliding shaft.
Background
The laser cladding technology is to melt metal powder on the surface of a base material by a laser beam with high energy density, and form an additive cladding layer which is metallurgically bonded with the base layer on the surface of the base layer. Can obviously improve the wear resistance, corrosion resistance, heat resistance, oxidation resistance, electrical characteristics and the like of the surface of the base material, thereby achieving the purpose of surface modification or repair and meeting the requirements on the specific properties of the surface of the material.
At present, the sliding bearing is generally integrally cast or centrifugally cast from a copper alloy. The copper alloy is cast integrally, namely, the bearing is made of copper alloy materials, so that the copper alloy is large in using amount, large in machining allowance and high in manufacturing cost. The centrifugal casting is a technology of injecting liquid copper alloy into a casting mold rotating at a high speed to make molten metal perform centrifugal motion to cast a layer of copper alloy on a substrate, and the mode has poor bonding force of the copper alloy and large casting process crystal grains, so that the requirements of wear resistance and corrosion resistance of the sliding bearing cannot be met.
Disclosure of Invention
Aiming at the defects, the invention aims to provide a wind power sliding shaft laser cladding process.
The invention provides the following technical scheme:
a wind power sliding shaft laser cladding process comprises the following steps:
s1, removing surface defects of a workpiece;
s2, cleaning the workpiece and shielding a non-processing part of the workpiece;
s3, compiling a cladding track program according to process requirements;
s4, setting process parameters, and enabling a laser cladding mechanism to carry out laser cladding according to a cladding track program;
and S5, after laser cladding is finished, removing the shielding, and processing the workpiece into a finished product size.
And S4, a laser of the laser cladding mechanism is an optical fiber transmission semiconductor laser with the wavelength of 900-1100nm, and the laser focus spot is phi 2.0mm.
And S4, the working distance of a powder feeding nozzle of the laser cladding mechanism is more than or equal to 32mm, and the diameter of the powder coke is less than or equal to 2.1mm.
The powder feeding nozzle comprises a body provided with a central shielding gas and a light path space, and the body is provided with a central shielding gas inlet, a peripheral annular shielding gas inlet and at least one powder feeding port;
a peripheral annular protective gas cover is sleeved on the periphery of the body, and a peripheral annular protective gas inner cavity is formed between the peripheral annular protective gas cover and the body;
the central protective gas inlet is communicated with the central protective gas and light path space through a central protective gas channel arranged on the body;
the peripheral annular protective gas inlet is communicated with the peripheral annular protective gas inner cavity;
the body is also provided with a powder passage communicated with the powder feeding port, and the outlet of the powder passage is positioned between the central shielding gas and light path space outlet and the peripheral annular shielding gas inner cavity outlet.
And the peripheral annular protective gas hood is provided with a light barrier.
A cooling mechanism for cooling the body is also arranged in the body;
the cooling mechanism comprises a cooling liquid channel, and a cooling liquid inlet and a cooling liquid outlet are respectively arranged at two ends of the cooling liquid channel.
A flow equalizing assembly is arranged in the peripheral annular protective gas inner cavity and is used for enabling gas entering the peripheral annular protective gas inlet to uniformly flow out of an outlet of the peripheral annular protective gas inner cavity;
the peripheral annular protective gas inlet is communicated with the peripheral annular protective gas inner cavity through a peripheral annular protective gas channel arranged on the body;
the flow equalizing assembly comprises a flow equalizing ring fixedly connected with the body; the flow equalizing ring is provided with an annular groove communicated with the peripheral annular protective gas channel; through holes are uniformly distributed at the bottom of the annular groove.
The laser cladding process parameters are as follows: the laser power is 5500-6000W, the powder feeding amount is 40-50g/min, the powder feeding gas and the shielding gas are argon, the powder feeding gas flow is 4-6L/min, the central shielding gas flow is 12-18L/min, the peripheral annular shielding gas flow is 5-8L/min, the cladding linear velocity is 10-15m/min, the offset is 1.0-1.5mm, and the single-layer thickness is 0.8-1.2mm.
In S4, the used tin bronze alloy powder is CuSn12Ni2, wherein the mass percentage of each component is Sn11.50-12.20%, ni1.80-2.10%, P0.04-0.05%, fe0.003-0.007%, pb0.003-0.006%, si0.002-0.003%, zn0.0015-0.0025%, O0.01-0.02%, C0.004-0.005%, sb < 0.001%, al < 0.001%, and the balance of Cu.
The powder particle size is 15-53 μm.
The invention has the beneficial effects that: the invention relates to a laser cladding tin bronze alloy repairing process for a wind power sliding shaft, which realizes laser cladding copper alloy cladding, repairing and remanufacturing of the sliding shaft in the wind power industry by adopting an infrared semiconductor laser cladding method, has no defects of cracks, air holes, sand holes and the like on a cladding layer, replaces a copper bush process method, combines the copper bush and a planet gear shaft neck into a whole, solves the problems of high porosity and low combination degree of tin bronze cladding, and realizes old product repairing or defective product repairing and recycling of the sliding shaft. Because the laser cladding coating and the base metal are metallurgically bonded, and the laser cladding has the characteristic of high powder utilization rate, the powder consumption can be greatly saved. The laser cladding process solves the problems of high cost of the copper alloy integral casting material and poor centrifugal casting bonding strength, improves the product quality and greatly saves the cost. Meanwhile, the old product can be repaired by adopting laser cladding, so that remanufacturing of the old product can be realized, material abandonment is avoided, and recycling is realized.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic structural diagram of the present application;
FIG. 2 is a schematic view of the peripheral annular shield gas hood installation of the present application;
FIG. 3 is a schematic view of the current equalizing ring installation of the present application;
FIG. 4 is a schematic view of the present application with the flow-equalizing ring removed;
FIG. 5 is a schematic view of the central shielding gas and light path space of the present application;
FIG. 6 is a schematic view of the coolant passages of the present application;
FIG. 7 is a schematic view of a current equalizing ring structure according to the present application;
FIG. 8 is a process flow diagram of the present application.
Labeled as: the powder feeding device comprises a body 101, a central protective gas and light path space 102, a powder feeding port 103, a cooling liquid inlet 104, a cooling liquid outlet 105, a central protective gas inlet 106, a central protective gas channel 107, a peripheral annular protective gas inlet 108, a powder channel 109, a peripheral annular protective gas channel 110, a cooling liquid channel 111, a peripheral annular protective gas cover 201, a peripheral annular protective gas inner cavity 202, a flow equalizing ring 203 and a through hole 204.
Detailed Description
Example one
As shown in fig. 8, a wind power sliding shaft laser cladding process includes the following steps:
s1, removing surface defects of a workpiece; by machining the workpiece, such as turning, etc., the fatigue layer, the defect layer, the oxidation layer or the original cladding layer is removed, and the self-defect-free substrate is obtained. And then turning off 0.2mm of the surface of the substrate to ensure that the bonding layer of the original cladding layer and the substrate is removed.
S2, cleaning the workpiece and shielding a non-processing part of the workpiece; when the laser cladding pretreatment is carried out, a workpiece is placed on a four-axis laser cladding machine tool, then the workpiece is clamped and fixed, then oil stains and dust on the surface of the workpiece are cleaned, and the workpiece can be cleaned by using alcohol or acetone, so that the surface is clean and pollution-free. The oil hole surface and the oil groove are shielded by a red copper plate, the thickness of the red copper plate is 1.5mm, the shape of the red copper plate is consistent with that of the oil hole surface, and each side of the red copper plate is 1.6mm smaller than that of the oil hole surface.
And S3, writing a cladding track program according to the process requirements. And (3) programming the required cladding track in advance through a four-axis machine tool system according to parameters such as repair area, linear speed and offset, and inputting the program into a motion system.
And S4, setting process parameters, and enabling the laser cladding mechanism to carry out laser cladding according to a cladding track program.
The laser of the laser cladding mechanism is an optical fiber transmission semiconductor laser with the wavelength of 900-1100nm, and the laser focus spot is phi 2.0mm. The working distance of a powder feeding nozzle of the laser cladding mechanism is more than or equal to 32mm, and the diameter of powder coke is less than or equal to 2.1mm. The working distance of the powder feeding nozzle of the laser cladding mechanism is large, and the powder can be effectively prevented from being splashed and blocked by light reflection.
When laser cladding is carried out, the workpiece rotates at a constant speed, the linear velocity of the surface of the workpiece is 12.0m/min, the powder feeding nozzle of the cladding head is 32mm away from the workpiece, and the workpiece is translated at a constant speed in parallel along the axial lead of the workpiece at the translation speed of 1.0 mm.
The used tin bronze alloy powder is CuSn12Ni2, wherein the mass percent of each component is Sn11.50-12.20%, ni1.80-2.10%, P0.04-0.05%, fe0.003-0.007%, pb0.003-0.006%, si0.002-0.003%, zn0.0015-0.0025%, O0.01-0.02%, C0.004-0.005%, sb < 0.001%, al < 0.001%, and the balance is Cu, and the powder granularity is 15-53 mu m.
In the embodiment, the mass percentages of the components are Sn11.60%, ni1.97%, P0.04%, fe0.007%, pb0.0052%, si0.0025%, zn0.002%, O0.016%, C0.0047%, sb less than 0.001%, al less than 0.001%, and the balance of Cu.
The laser cladding process parameters are as follows: the laser power is 5500-6000W, the powder feeding amount is 40-50g/min, the powder feeding gas and the shielding gas are argon, the powder feeding gas flow is 4-6L/min, the central shielding gas flow is 12-18L/min, the peripheral annular shielding gas flow is 5-8L/min, the cladding linear velocity is 10-15m/min, the offset is 1.0-1.5mm, and the single-layer thickness is 0.8-1.2mm.
During laser cladding, the power used to start the first ring is about 70% of the set power, thereby preventing the first ring from being over-melted. Specifically, when the laser power is 5800W, the first turn power is 4000W, and the power is set to 5800W after the end of the first turn. And after setting parameters that the powder feeding amount is 48g/min, the powder feeding gas and the shielding gas are argon, the powder feeding gas flow is 6L/min, the central shielding gas flow is 12L/min, and the peripheral annular shielding gas flow is 8L/min, carrying out cladding control by a numerical control system of a laser cladding machine tool, and carrying out cladding processing. Through the arrangement, the defects of no cracks, air holes, sand holes and the like of the cladding layer can be realized, the bonding strength is high, the requirements of different cladding thicknesses and efficiencies are met, and the bonding strength of the cladding layer detected by a shearing method is more than or equal to 250Mpa.
And S5, after laser cladding is finished, removing the shielding, and processing the workpiece into a finished product size. And after laser cladding is finished, detaching the red copper plate for protecting the oil hole surface and the oil groove, and performing machining according to a finished drawing, such as turning and the like, so as to recover the size of a finished product.
Example two
Further, as shown in fig. 1-6, in the present embodiment, the powder feeding nozzle includes a main body 101 having a central shielding gas and optical path space 102, and the main body 101 is provided with a central shielding gas inlet 106, a peripheral annular shielding gas inlet 108, and at least one powder feeding port 103. In this embodiment, there are three powder feeding ports 103, and the three powder feeding ports 103 are uniformly arranged in a ring shape.
A peripheral annular protective gas cover 201 is sleeved on the periphery of the body 101, and a peripheral annular protective gas inner cavity 202 is formed between the peripheral annular protective gas cover 201 and the body 101. The central shielding gas inlet 106 is connected to the central shielding gas and light path space 102 through a central shielding gas passage 107 formed in the body 101. The peripheral annular shielding gas inlet 108 is in communication with the peripheral annular shielding gas inner chamber 202. The body 101 is further provided with a powder passage 109 communicated with the powder feeding port 103, and an outlet of the powder passage 109 is positioned between an outlet of the central shielding gas and light path space 102 and an outlet of the peripheral annular shielding gas inner cavity 202.
The powder feeding nozzle adopts annular central protective gas, and the powder feeding nozzle adopts annular peripheral argon protection, namely, the annular protective gas is added on the outer circle of the powder feeding nozzle to form the isolation protection of an inner layer and an outer layer to a molten pool with the central protective gas, and the oxidation caused by the contact of the molten pool with air is effectively protected through argon, so that the defect of air holes formed by oxide scales is reduced. Meanwhile, the double-layer protective gas effectively suppresses splashing and smoke dust, and greatly reduces the probability of powder blockage at the tail end of the powder feeding nozzle due to light reflection splashing.
EXAMPLE III
Further, in the present embodiment, a light barrier is mounted on the peripheral annular shielding gas hood 201. By installing the light barrier, the influence of the easy reflection of light of the copper alloy on the processing during high power can be prevented.
Example four
Further, as shown in fig. 1 and 6, in the present embodiment, a cooling mechanism for cooling the body is further provided in the body 101. Specifically, the cooling mechanism includes a cooling liquid channel 111, and the cooling liquid channel 111 is provided with a cooling liquid inlet 104 and a cooling liquid outlet 105 at two ends thereof, respectively. In this embodiment, there are two sets of cooling mechanisms. By making the cooling liquid channel 111 as close to the end of the powder outlet hole as possible, the powder feeding nozzle can be effectively prevented from being ablated by reflection and overheating.
EXAMPLE five
Further, as shown in fig. 3-4 and 6-7, a flow equalizing assembly is disposed in the peripheral annular shielding gas inner cavity 202 of the present embodiment, and is configured to enable gas entering from the peripheral annular shielding gas inlet 108 to uniformly flow out from an outlet of the peripheral annular shielding gas inner cavity 202.
Specifically, the peripheral annular shielding gas inlet 108 is connected to the peripheral annular shielding gas inner cavity 202 through the peripheral annular shielding gas passage 110 of the body 101. The flow equalizing assembly comprises a flow equalizing ring 203 fixedly connected with the body 101. The flow equalizing ring 203 is provided with an annular groove which is in through connection with the peripheral annular shielding gas passage 110. Through holes 204 are uniformly distributed at the bottom of the annular groove.
In this embodiment, the annular groove is U-shaped in cross-section. To avoid leakage of the gas flow, a seal ring is installed between the flow equalizing ring 203 and the body 101.
Although the present invention has been described in detail with reference to the foregoing embodiments, it will be apparent to those skilled in the art that modifications may be made to the embodiments described above, or equivalents may be substituted for elements thereof. Any modification, equivalent replacement, or improvement made within the spirit and principle of the present invention should be included in the protection scope of the present invention.
Claims (10)
1. A wind power sliding shaft laser cladding process is characterized by comprising the following steps:
s1, removing defects on the surface of a workpiece;
s2, cleaning the workpiece and shielding a non-processing part of the workpiece;
s3, a cladding track program is compiled according to process requirements;
s4, setting process parameters, and enabling a laser cladding mechanism to carry out laser cladding according to a cladding track program;
and S5, after laser cladding is finished, removing the shielding, and processing the workpiece into a finished product size.
2. The wind power sliding shaft laser cladding process according to claim 1, characterized in that: and S4, a laser of the laser cladding mechanism is an optical fiber transmission semiconductor laser with the wavelength of 900-1100nm, and the laser focus spot is phi 2.0mm.
3. The wind power sliding shaft laser cladding process according to claim 1, characterized in that: and S4, the working distance of a powder feeding nozzle of the laser cladding mechanism is more than or equal to 32mm, and the diameter of the powder coke is less than or equal to 2.1mm.
4. The wind power sliding shaft laser cladding process according to claim 3, characterized in that: the powder feeding nozzle comprises a body (101) provided with a central protective gas and light path space (102), wherein the body (101) is provided with a central protective gas inlet (106), a peripheral annular protective gas inlet (108) and at least one powder feeding port (103);
a peripheral annular protective gas cover (201) is sleeved on the periphery of the body (101), and a peripheral annular protective gas inner cavity (202) is formed between the peripheral annular protective gas cover (201) and the body (101);
the central shielding gas inlet (106) is communicated with the central shielding gas and light path space (102) through a central shielding gas channel (107) arranged on the body (101);
the peripheral annular protective gas inlet (108) is communicated with the peripheral annular protective gas inner cavity (202);
the body (101) is also provided with a powder passage (109) communicated with the powder feeding port (103), and the outlet of the powder passage (109) is positioned between the outlet of the central shielding gas and light path space (102) and the outlet of the peripheral annular shielding gas inner cavity (202).
5. The wind power sliding shaft laser cladding process according to claim 4, characterized in that: and a light barrier is arranged on the peripheral annular protective gas hood (201).
6. The wind power sliding shaft laser cladding process according to claim 4, characterized in that: a cooling mechanism for cooling the body is also arranged in the body (101);
the cooling mechanism comprises a cooling liquid channel (111), and a cooling liquid inlet (104) and a cooling liquid outlet (105) are respectively arranged at two ends of the cooling liquid channel (111).
7. The wind power sliding shaft laser cladding process according to claim 4, characterized in that: a flow equalizing assembly is arranged in the peripheral annular protective gas inner cavity (202), and is used for enabling gas entering from the peripheral annular protective gas inlet (108) to uniformly flow out from an outlet of the peripheral annular protective gas inner cavity (202);
the peripheral annular protective gas inlet (108) is communicated with the peripheral annular protective gas inner cavity (202) through a peripheral annular protective gas channel (110) arranged on the body (101);
the flow equalizing assembly comprises a flow equalizing ring (203) fixedly connected with the body (101); the flow-equalizing ring (203) is provided with an annular groove communicated with the peripheral annular protective gas channel (110); through holes (204) are uniformly distributed at the bottom of the annular groove.
8. The wind power sliding shaft laser cladding process according to claim 4, wherein the laser cladding process parameters are as follows: the laser power is 5500-6000W, the powder feeding amount is 40-50g/min, the powder feeding gas and the shielding gas are argon, the powder feeding gas flow is 4-6L/min, the central shielding gas flow is 12-18L/min, the peripheral annular shielding gas flow is 5-8L/min, the cladding linear velocity is 10-15m/min, the offset is 1.0-1.5mm, and the single-layer thickness is 0.8-1.2mm.
9. The wind power sliding shaft laser cladding process according to claim 1, characterized in that: in S4, the used tin bronze alloy powder is CuSn12Ni2, wherein the mass percentage of each component is Sn11.50-12.20%, ni1.80-2.10%, P0.04-0.05%, fe0.003-0.007%, pb0.003-0.006%, si0.002-0.003%, zn0.0015-0.0025%, O0.01-0.02%, C0.004-0.005%, sb < 0.001%, al < 0.001%, and the balance of Cu.
10. The wind power sliding shaft laser cladding process according to claim 9, characterized in that: the powder particle size is 15-53 μm.
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| CN202211581991.8A CN115772668B (en) | 2022-12-09 | 2022-12-09 | Laser cladding process for wind power sliding shaft |
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| CN202211581991.8A CN115772668B (en) | 2022-12-09 | 2022-12-09 | Laser cladding process for wind power sliding shaft |
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| CN114369821A (en) * | 2021-11-30 | 2022-04-19 | 江苏智远激光装备科技有限公司 | Laser cladding repair process for gray cast iron piston head ring groove |
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