CN113755833A - Laser cladding nickel-based alloy powder process for copper alloy primary mold glass mold - Google Patents
Laser cladding nickel-based alloy powder process for copper alloy primary mold glass mold Download PDFInfo
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- CN113755833A CN113755833A CN202110745545.5A CN202110745545A CN113755833A CN 113755833 A CN113755833 A CN 113755833A CN 202110745545 A CN202110745545 A CN 202110745545A CN 113755833 A CN113755833 A CN 113755833A
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- cladding
- laser cladding
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- based alloy
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C23—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; CHEMICAL SURFACE TREATMENT; DIFFUSION TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL; INHIBITING CORROSION OF METALLIC MATERIAL OR INCRUSTATION IN GENERAL
- C23C—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; SURFACE TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL BY DIFFUSION INTO THE SURFACE, BY CHEMICAL CONVERSION OR SUBSTITUTION; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL
- C23C24/00—Coating starting from inorganic powder
- C23C24/08—Coating starting from inorganic powder by application of heat or pressure and heat
- C23C24/10—Coating starting from inorganic powder by application of heat or pressure and heat with intermediate formation of a liquid phase in the layer
- C23C24/103—Coating with metallic material, i.e. metals or metal alloys, optionally comprising hard particles, e.g. oxides, carbides or nitrides
- C23C24/106—Coating with metal alloys or metal elements only
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22C—ALLOYS
- C22C19/00—Alloys based on nickel or cobalt
- C22C19/03—Alloys based on nickel or cobalt based on nickel
- C22C19/05—Alloys based on nickel or cobalt based on nickel with chromium
- C22C19/058—Alloys based on nickel or cobalt based on nickel with chromium without Mo and W
Abstract
The invention relates to a laser cladding nickel-based alloy powder process for a copper alloy primary mold glass mold, which comprises the following steps of: pre-processing a cavity, and turning and milling a welding groove on the surface of a primary die joint of the die and the upper and lower interfaces according to requirements; and (3) performing previous treatment: cleaning burrs and oil stains inside the notch by using a brush; performing track programming by adopting off-line programming software to generate a motion track program; laser cladding: setting technological parameters, and carrying out laser cladding along a cladding groove, so that the problem that the nickel-based alloy powder is easy to crack and air holes during laser cladding of the copper alloy glass mold is solved, and the main problems of the traditional manual spray welding and plasma surfacing are solved; the nickel-based alloy strengthening of the joint surface and the interface of the copper alloy die, which cannot be finished by plasma surfacing, is realized; the processes of preheating, heat preservation, annealing and the like in the traditional process means such as plasma surfacing and the like are omitted, compared with manual spray welding and plasma surfacing, the powder consumption is greatly saved, the production efficiency and the product quality qualification rate are obviously improved, and the production cost is saved.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the field of glass mold processing and manufacturing, in particular to a process for cladding nickel-based alloy powder by using a copper alloy primary mold glass mold through laser, which is suitable for processing and manufacturing copper alloy glass molds (molding and primary molds).
Background
In the manufacturing process of glass products, the temperature of molten glass water is as high as over 1100 ℃, and a glass mold is in contact with high-temperature glass water for a long time and needs to have good high-temperature resistance and oxidation resistance. Meanwhile, in the repeated die opening and closing process of the glass die, the positions of a joint line, an upper interface, a lower interface and the like of the die are damaged and rough due to impact and extrusion, and the quality of a glass product is influenced, so that according to the characteristics of the service environment of the glass die, in order to prolong the service life and improve the quality of the glass product, the corresponding position of the glass die needs to be strengthened, and the performances of high temperature resistance, wear resistance, oxidation resistance, thermal fatigue resistance and the like of the glass die are improved.
The traditional method for strengthening the performance of the glass mold comprises the following steps: although the manual arc surfacing, the manual flame spray welding, the plasma surfacing and the like can strengthen the glass mold, the manual surfacing and the spray welding have the following defects: for example, the welding layer bonding degree is low, the manual operation efficiency is low, the quality consistency is poor, the powder consumption is large, and the like. Plasma surfacing, though solved the problem of manual surfacing and spray welding to a certain extent, it is inefficient, needs preheating and returning goods, and the powder consumption is big, because the big gas pocket that leads to of heat input volume and fracture scheduling problem also are many.
The copper alloy glass mold is strengthened by using a manual spray welding and plasma surfacing mode, preheating treatment is needed before welding, heat preservation annealing treatment is needed after welding, and otherwise cracks are easy to appear. Because the size of the neck ring die is small, the welding bead is small, the input quantity of the plasma pile is large, the dilution rate is high, when the neck ring die surfacing welding of the copper alloy is carried out, the neck ring die is easy to crack and have air holes, and the qualification rate is extremely low. At present, the main means of strengthening the copper alloy port die is a manual spray welding mode, the efficiency is low, the width of a welding layer cannot be controlled, and large-area large-thickness full spray welding of the inner cavity of the port die can be only carried out, so that great material waste is caused.
The laser cladding nickel-based alloy powder process for the copper alloy primary mold glass mold can be applied to the nickel-based alloy strengthening of copper alloy primary molds, die joint lines and upper and lower openings. Particularly, the copper alloy neck ring die is small in size, and the neck ring die of the copper alloy is strengthened by laser cladding through a laser cladding process, so that on one hand, the size of a cladding layer can be accurately controlled, the powder consumption is greatly reduced, on the other hand, the consistency and the yield of the product quality can be ensured, the rejection rate and the rework are reduced, the production of finished products are greatly reduced, and the product quality is improved.
Disclosure of Invention
Aiming at the problems of the traditional copper alloy glass mold surface strengthening means and method, the invention provides a laser cladding nickel-based alloy powder process for a copper alloy primary mold glass mold, which can improve the powder utilization rate, improve the product percent of pass and reduce the production cost.
A laser cladding nickel-based alloy powder process for a copper alloy primary mold glass mold comprises the following steps:
A) preprocessing a cavity: turning and milling a welding groove on the surface of the primary die joint of the die and the upper and lower interfaces according to requirements, and controlling the size of the groove to obtain a workpiece to be laser-clad;
B) and laser cladding pretreatment: performing laser cladding pretreatment, and cleaning burrs, oil stains and dust in the notch by using a brush;
C) performing track programming by adopting off-line programming software to generate a cladding motion track program;
D) and laser cladding, selecting proper nickel-based alloy powder, controlling a laser cladding process and a cladding track, cladding the nickel-based alloy powder into a welding groove of a glass mold workpiece by using the laser cladding process, and obtaining a cladded glass mold forming primary mold.
The invention is further improved in that: in the step A, the width of the welding groove is 2.0-6.0mm, and the depth is 1.0-3.0 mm.
The invention is further improved in that: in the step A, the joint surface of the welding groove is provided with oblique waves or chamfers, and the edges of the welding groove are provided with chamfers, so that right angles and burrs are not easy to exist.
The invention is further improved in that: the laser cladding adopts a semiconductor laser as a light source, a six-axis robot and a two-axis positioner as a laser cladding movement system, a scraper type air-carrying powder machine as a powder feeding mechanism, and three coaxial powder feeding cladding heads as laser heads, so that the laser cladding system is integrally formed for carrying out laser cladding continuous scanning processing.
The invention is further improved in that: in the step C, the laser cladding process parameters are as follows: the focal spot is phi 3.5mm, the working distance of a powder feeding nozzle of the cladding head is 21mm, the laser output power is 2600-3200W, the powder feeding amount is 25-30g/min, the adopted protective gas is argon, and the flow is 8-12L/min.
The invention is further improved in that: in the step D, the track parameters of the track mode of swing cladding are linear speed of 2.5-4.5mm/s, swing amplitude of 2-6mm and stepping interval of 1.2-2.0mm, so that the requirement of 6.0mmx2.5mm on the size of a super-wide and super-thick cladding layer of a machined finished product after cladding is met
The invention is further improved in that: in the step D, the nickel-based alloy powder comprises 1.0% of B, 0.13% of C, 3.3% of Cr, 1.9% of Fe, 2.55% of Si and the balance of Ni, and the hardness of the cladding layer reaches 26-28 HRC.
The invention is further improved in that: the energy distribution of laser beams output by the semiconductor laser is flat-top distribution, the dilution rate of a cladding layer is uniform and smooth in the laser cladding process, and the risks of cracking and air holes caused by overhigh dilution rate are avoided.
The invention is further improved in that: in the step C, the track programming is realized by adopting off-line programming software to perform three-dimensional simulation in a computer, automatically generating a program of the laser cladding track and then downloading the program to a laser cladding system, so that the programming efficiency and accuracy are improved.
The invention has the beneficial effects that: 1. under the condition of the same size requirement of a cladding layer, the process for cladding the nickel-based alloy powder by using the copper alloy primary mold glass die by using the laser overcomes the defects that the surface of the copper alloy is high in light reflection, the heat conduction of the copper alloy material is fast, high-power laser input is required, and cracks are easily caused; 2. compared with a plasma surfacing process, the powder can be saved by about 35%, and the production efficiency is improved by about 150%; compared with manual spray welding, the powder consumption is saved by 60%, and the production efficiency is improved by about 400%. The automatic production can be realized, the consistency and stability of the product quality are ensured, the production quality is reliable, the yield is improved by 60 percent, simultaneously, the preheating, heat preservation and annealing procedures in the traditional process are omitted, the production cost is greatly saved, and the cladding layer is ensured to have no air holes and no cracks; 3. the method can be applied to strengthening of nickel-based alloys of copper alloy primary molds, die joint lines and upper and lower ports, particularly the copper alloy die is small in size, the laser cladding process is utilized to strengthen the die laser cladding of the copper alloy, on one hand, the size of a cladding layer can be accurately controlled, the powder consumption is greatly reduced, on the other hand, the consistency and the yield of product quality can be ensured, the rejection rate and rework are reduced, the production cost is greatly reduced, and the product quality is improved.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a diagram showing the dimensions of the open groove of the joint close face of the copper alloy initial mold of the present invention.
FIG. 2 is a diagram showing the dimensions of the upper and lower interface weld grooves of the copper alloy primary mold according to the present invention.
FIG. 3 is a diagram of the copper alloy after being grooved.
FIG. 4 is a diagram of a copper alloy blank mold after laser cladding.
FIG. 5 is a diagram of the copper alloy die of the present invention after being grooved
FIG. 6 is a diagram of a copper alloy die of the present invention after laser cladding
Detailed Description
For the purpose of enhancing the understanding of the present invention, the present invention will be described in further detail with reference to the accompanying drawings and examples, which are provided for the purpose of illustration only and are not intended to limit the scope of the present invention.
Example 1
Taking a certain copper alloy beer bottle mold (primary mold) as an example of laser cladding, a specific implementation mode of a process for cladding nickel-based alloy powder by laser of a copper alloy primary mold glass mold is explained, and the steps are as follows:
A) and preprocessing a cavity, performing turning and milling on a primary die joint surface and an upper interface machine type and a lower interface machine type of a die, milling a welding groove, and controlling the size of the groove position to obtain a workpiece to be subjected to laser cladding. The overpress seam, upper and lower interface weld groove profiles and dimensions of this example are shown in figures 1 and 2. The initial die workpiece after grooving is shown in figure 3.
B) And laser cladding pretreatment: cleaning a welding groove of a workpiece to be laser-clad, and removing burrs and oil stains.
C) And introducing the three-dimensional model of the glass mold into Robotmaster offline programming software, modeling to generate a cladding track program, and then downloading the cladding track program to a robot system for teaching programming.
D) And laser cladding: a4 kW semiconductor laser is used as a light source, a six-axis robot and a two-axis positioner are used as a laser cladding movement system, a scraper type air-carrying powder machine is used as a powder feeding mechanism, and three coaxial powder feeding cladding heads are used as laser heads, so that the laser cladding system is integrally formed to carry out laser cladding continuous scanning processing. The technological parameters are as follows: the focal spot is phi 3.5mm, the working distance of a powder feeding nozzle of the cladding head is 21mm, the laser output power is 2800W, and the powder feeding amount is as follows: 28g/min, and the adopted protective gas is as follows: argon, flow: 12L/min; the track parameters adopting the track mode of swing cladding are as follows: the linear velocity is 2.5mm/s, the swing is 4.2mm, and the stepping interval is 1.6 mm. The nickel-based alloy powder comprises the following components in percentage by weight: 1.2 percent of B, 0.05 percent of C, 0.2 percent of Cr, 0.1 percent of Fe, 2.2 percent of Si and the balance of Ni.
The cladding layer obtained in the step D) is a joint line: the width is 6.1mm, and the thickness is 3.2 mm; the width of the upper opening and the lower opening is 6.0mm, and the thickness is 3.3 mm. The final product is shown in fig. 4.
Example 2
By taking the laser cladding of a neck ring die as an example, the specific implementation mode of the laser cladding nickel-based alloy powder process of the copper alloy primary die glass die is described, and the steps are as follows:
A) and processing a cavity: the same requirements as in example 1 were followed by machining the dies to obtain slots as shown in figure 5.
B) And laser cladding pretreatment: same as in example 1.
C) And introducing the three-dimensional model of the glass mold into Robotmaster offline programming software, modeling to generate a cladding track program, and then downloading the cladding track program to a robot system for teaching programming.
D) And laser cladding: the adopted equipment is the same as the example, and the process parameters are as follows: the focal spot is phi 3.5mm, the working distance of a powder feeding nozzle of the cladding head is 21mm, the laser output power is 2600W, and the powder feeding amount is as follows: 25g/min, and the adopted protective gas is as follows: argon, flow: 12L/min; the track parameters adopting the track mode of swing cladding are as follows: the linear velocity is 3.2mm/s, the swing amplitude is 2.6mm, and the stepping interval is 1.8 mm. The nickel-based alloy powder comprises the following components in percentage by weight: 1.2 percent of B, 0.05 percent of C, 0.2 percent of Cr, 0.1 percent of Fe, 2.2 percent of Si and the balance of Ni.
The cladding layer obtained in the step D) is a joint line: the width is 4.5mm, and the thickness is 2.8 mm; the width of the upper opening and the lower opening is 4.8mm, and the thickness is 3.0 mm. The final product is shown in fig. 6.
According to the laser cladding nickel-based alloy powder process for the copper alloy primary mold glass mold, laser cladding of the copper alloy glass mold (mold forming and opening mold) is carried out by setting the optimal laser cladding process parameters according to each different mold, so that the problem that cracks and air holes are easily generated during laser cladding of the nickel-based alloy powder by the copper alloy glass mold is solved, and the main problems of traditional manual spray welding and plasma surfacing are solved; the ultra-wide and ultra-thick cladding layer can be realized by a swing cladding method, and the maximum width and thickness dimension meets the requirement of 8mm x 3mm of the cladding layer; particularly, nickel-based alloy strengthening of a copper alloy die joint surface and an interface which cannot be finished by plasma surfacing is realized; the procedures of preheating, heat preservation, annealing and the like in the traditional process means such as plasma surfacing and the like are omitted. Compared with manual spray welding and plasma surfacing, the powder consumption is greatly saved, the production efficiency is obviously improved, the product quality qualified rate is obviously improved, and the production cost is greatly saved.
Claims (9)
1. A laser cladding nickel-based alloy powder process for a copper alloy primary mold glass mold is characterized by comprising the following steps:
A) preprocessing a cavity: turning and milling a welding groove on the surface of the primary die joint of the die and the upper and lower interfaces according to requirements, and controlling the size of the groove to obtain a workpiece to be laser-clad;
B) and laser cladding pretreatment: performing laser cladding pretreatment, and cleaning burrs, oil stains and dust in the notch by using a brush;
C) performing track programming by adopting off-line programming software to generate a cladding motion track program;
D) and laser cladding, selecting proper nickel-based alloy powder, controlling a laser cladding process and a cladding track, cladding the nickel-based alloy powder into a welding groove of a glass mold workpiece by using the laser cladding process, and obtaining a cladded glass mold forming primary mold.
2. The process for laser cladding of the nickel-based alloy powder by the copper alloy primary mold glass mold according to claim 1, wherein the process comprises the following steps: in the step A, the width of the welding groove is 2.0-6.0mm, and the depth is 1.0-3.0 mm.
3. The process for laser cladding of the nickel-based alloy powder by the copper alloy primary mold glass mold according to claim 1, wherein the process comprises the following steps: in the step A, the joint surface of the welding groove is provided with oblique waves or chamfers, and the edges of the welding groove are provided with chamfers.
4. The process for laser cladding of the nickel-based alloy powder by the copper alloy primary mold glass mold according to claim 1, wherein the process comprises the following steps: the laser cladding adopts a semiconductor laser as a light source, a six-axis robot and a two-axis positioner as a laser cladding movement system, a scraper type air-carrying powder machine as a powder feeding mechanism, and three coaxial powder feeding cladding heads as laser heads, so that the laser cladding system is integrally formed for carrying out laser cladding continuous scanning processing.
5. The process for laser cladding of the nickel-based alloy powder by the copper alloy primary mold glass mold according to claim 1, wherein the process comprises the following steps: in the step D, the laser cladding process parameters are as follows: the focal spot is phi 3.5mm, the working distance of a powder feeding nozzle of the cladding head is 21mm, the laser output power is 2600-3200W, the powder feeding amount is 25-30g/min, the adopted protective gas is argon, and the flow is 8-12L/min.
6. The process for laser cladding of the nickel-based alloy powder by the copper alloy primary mold glass mold according to claim 1, wherein the process comprises the following steps: in the step D, the track parameters of the track mode of swing cladding are linear speed of 2.5-4.5mm/s, swing amplitude of 2-6mm and stepping interval of 1.2-2.0mm, so that the requirement of 6.0mmx2.5mm on the size of a super-wide and super-thick cladding layer of a machined finished product after cladding is met.
7. The process for laser cladding of the nickel-based alloy powder by the copper alloy primary mold glass mold according to claim 1, wherein the process comprises the following steps: in the step D, the nickel-based alloy powder comprises 1.0% of B, 0.13% of C, 3.3% of Cr, 1.9% of Fe, 2.55% of Si and the balance of Ni, and the hardness of the cladding layer reaches 26-28 HRC.
8. The process for laser cladding of the nickel-based alloy powder by the copper alloy primary mold glass mold according to claim 4, wherein the process comprises the following steps: the energy distribution of laser beams output by the semiconductor laser is flat-top distribution, the dilution rate of a cladding layer is uniform and smooth in the laser cladding process, and the risks of cracking and air holes caused by overhigh dilution rate are avoided.
9. The process for laser cladding of the nickel-based alloy powder by the copper alloy primary mold glass mold according to claim 1, wherein the process comprises the following steps: and C, programming the track, performing three-dimensional simulation in a computer by adopting off-line programming software, automatically generating a program of the laser cladding track, and then downloading the program to a laser cladding system.
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Cited By (2)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN115627389A (en) * | 2022-10-20 | 2023-01-20 | 河北安迪模具有限公司 | Manufacturing process for laser cladding of cobalt-based alloy powder by using small-opening pressure-blowing glass die punch |
| CN115772668A (en) * | 2022-12-09 | 2023-03-10 | 江苏智远激光装备科技有限公司 | Wind power sliding shaft laser cladding process |
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| CN105779997A (en) * | 2016-04-29 | 2016-07-20 | 广西大学 | Method for cladding nickel-based alloy coating on surface of vermicular graphite cast iron mould after laser pre-heating treatment |
| US20190202003A1 (en) * | 2016-09-20 | 2019-07-04 | Autotech Engineering, S.L. | Reinforcing structural components |
| CN110699687A (en) * | 2019-11-18 | 2020-01-17 | 成都青石激光科技有限公司 | Method for strengthening high-nickel copper alloy glass mold |
| CN113026014A (en) * | 2021-03-09 | 2021-06-25 | 南京辉锐光电科技有限公司 | Glass mold and manufacturing method thereof |
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2021
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Patent Citations (5)
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| CN102806408A (en) * | 2012-09-05 | 2012-12-05 | 常熟市精工模具制造有限公司 | Full spray welding method for boundary of inner cavity of copper alloy glass mould |
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| US20190202003A1 (en) * | 2016-09-20 | 2019-07-04 | Autotech Engineering, S.L. | Reinforcing structural components |
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| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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| CN115627389A (en) * | 2022-10-20 | 2023-01-20 | 河北安迪模具有限公司 | Manufacturing process for laser cladding of cobalt-based alloy powder by using small-opening pressure-blowing glass die punch |
| CN115772668A (en) * | 2022-12-09 | 2023-03-10 | 江苏智远激光装备科技有限公司 | Wind power sliding shaft laser cladding process |
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