ES2278206T3 - Sistema de capas. - Google Patents

Sistema de capas. Download PDF

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Publication number
ES2278206T3
ES2278206T3 ES03775264T ES03775264T ES2278206T3 ES 2278206 T3 ES2278206 T3 ES 2278206T3 ES 03775264 T ES03775264 T ES 03775264T ES 03775264 T ES03775264 T ES 03775264T ES 2278206 T3 ES2278206 T3 ES 2278206T3
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layer
particles
micrometers
intermediate layer
layer system
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Knut Halberstadt
Werner Stamm
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Siemens AG
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Siemens AG
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    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
    • B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
    • B32B15/00—Layered products comprising a layer of metal
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C23—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; CHEMICAL SURFACE TREATMENT; DIFFUSION TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL; INHIBITING CORROSION OF METALLIC MATERIAL OR INCRUSTATION IN GENERAL
    • C23C—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; SURFACE TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL BY DIFFUSION INTO THE SURFACE, BY CHEMICAL CONVERSION OR SUBSTITUTION; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL
    • C23C24/00—Coating starting from inorganic powder
    • C23C24/02—Coating starting from inorganic powder by application of pressure only
    • C23C24/04—Impact or kinetic deposition of particles
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C23—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; CHEMICAL SURFACE TREATMENT; DIFFUSION TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL; INHIBITING CORROSION OF METALLIC MATERIAL OR INCRUSTATION IN GENERAL
    • C23C—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; SURFACE TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL BY DIFFUSION INTO THE SURFACE, BY CHEMICAL CONVERSION OR SUBSTITUTION; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL
    • C23C24/00—Coating starting from inorganic powder
    • C23C24/02—Coating starting from inorganic powder by application of pressure only
    • C23C24/06—Compressing powdered coating material, e.g. by milling
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C23—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; CHEMICAL SURFACE TREATMENT; DIFFUSION TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL; INHIBITING CORROSION OF METALLIC MATERIAL OR INCRUSTATION IN GENERAL
    • C23C—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; SURFACE TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL BY DIFFUSION INTO THE SURFACE, BY CHEMICAL CONVERSION OR SUBSTITUTION; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL
    • C23C28/00—Coating for obtaining at least two superposed coatings either by methods not provided for in a single one of groups C23C2/00 - C23C26/00 or by combinations of methods provided for in subclasses C23C and C25C or C25D
    • C23C28/30—Coatings combining at least one metallic layer and at least one inorganic non-metallic layer
    • C23C28/32—Coatings combining at least one metallic layer and at least one inorganic non-metallic layer including at least one pure metallic layer
    • C23C28/321—Coatings combining at least one metallic layer and at least one inorganic non-metallic layer including at least one pure metallic layer with at least one metal alloy layer
    • C23C28/3215—Coatings combining at least one metallic layer and at least one inorganic non-metallic layer including at least one pure metallic layer with at least one metal alloy layer at least one MCrAlX layer
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C23—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; CHEMICAL SURFACE TREATMENT; DIFFUSION TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL; INHIBITING CORROSION OF METALLIC MATERIAL OR INCRUSTATION IN GENERAL
    • C23C—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; SURFACE TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL BY DIFFUSION INTO THE SURFACE, BY CHEMICAL CONVERSION OR SUBSTITUTION; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL
    • C23C28/00—Coating for obtaining at least two superposed coatings either by methods not provided for in a single one of groups C23C2/00 - C23C26/00 or by combinations of methods provided for in subclasses C23C and C25C or C25D
    • C23C28/30—Coatings combining at least one metallic layer and at least one inorganic non-metallic layer
    • C23C28/32—Coatings combining at least one metallic layer and at least one inorganic non-metallic layer including at least one pure metallic layer
    • C23C28/324—Coatings combining at least one metallic layer and at least one inorganic non-metallic layer including at least one pure metallic layer with at least one metal matrix material layer comprising a mixture of at least two metals or metal phases or a metal-matrix material with hard embedded particles, e.g. WC-Me
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C23—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; CHEMICAL SURFACE TREATMENT; DIFFUSION TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL; INHIBITING CORROSION OF METALLIC MATERIAL OR INCRUSTATION IN GENERAL
    • C23C—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; SURFACE TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL BY DIFFUSION INTO THE SURFACE, BY CHEMICAL CONVERSION OR SUBSTITUTION; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL
    • C23C28/00—Coating for obtaining at least two superposed coatings either by methods not provided for in a single one of groups C23C2/00 - C23C26/00 or by combinations of methods provided for in subclasses C23C and C25C or C25D
    • C23C28/30—Coatings combining at least one metallic layer and at least one inorganic non-metallic layer
    • C23C28/32—Coatings combining at least one metallic layer and at least one inorganic non-metallic layer including at least one pure metallic layer
    • C23C28/325—Coatings combining at least one metallic layer and at least one inorganic non-metallic layer including at least one pure metallic layer with layers graded in composition or in physical properties
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C23—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; CHEMICAL SURFACE TREATMENT; DIFFUSION TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL; INHIBITING CORROSION OF METALLIC MATERIAL OR INCRUSTATION IN GENERAL
    • C23C—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; SURFACE TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL BY DIFFUSION INTO THE SURFACE, BY CHEMICAL CONVERSION OR SUBSTITUTION; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL
    • C23C28/00—Coating for obtaining at least two superposed coatings either by methods not provided for in a single one of groups C23C2/00 - C23C26/00 or by combinations of methods provided for in subclasses C23C and C25C or C25D
    • C23C28/30—Coatings combining at least one metallic layer and at least one inorganic non-metallic layer
    • C23C28/34—Coatings combining at least one metallic layer and at least one inorganic non-metallic layer including at least one inorganic non-metallic material layer, e.g. metal carbide, nitride, boride, silicide layer and their mixtures, enamels, phosphates and sulphates
    • C23C28/345—Coatings combining at least one metallic layer and at least one inorganic non-metallic layer including at least one inorganic non-metallic material layer, e.g. metal carbide, nitride, boride, silicide layer and their mixtures, enamels, phosphates and sulphates with at least one oxide layer
    • C23C28/3455—Coatings combining at least one metallic layer and at least one inorganic non-metallic layer including at least one inorganic non-metallic material layer, e.g. metal carbide, nitride, boride, silicide layer and their mixtures, enamels, phosphates and sulphates with at least one oxide layer with a refractory ceramic layer, e.g. refractory metal oxide, ZrO2, rare earth oxides or a thermal barrier system comprising at least one refractory oxide layer
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C23—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; CHEMICAL SURFACE TREATMENT; DIFFUSION TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL; INHIBITING CORROSION OF METALLIC MATERIAL OR INCRUSTATION IN GENERAL
    • C23C—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; SURFACE TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL BY DIFFUSION INTO THE SURFACE, BY CHEMICAL CONVERSION OR SUBSTITUTION; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL
    • C23C4/00—Coating by spraying the coating material in the molten state, e.g. by flame, plasma or electric discharge
    • C23C4/02—Pretreatment of the material to be coated, e.g. for coating on selected surface areas
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
    • F01D—NON-POSITIVE DISPLACEMENT MACHINES OR ENGINES, e.g. STEAM TURBINES
    • F01D5/00—Blades; Blade-carrying members; Heating, heat-insulating, cooling or antivibration means on the blades or the members
    • F01D5/12—Blades
    • F01D5/28—Selecting particular materials; Particular measures relating thereto; Measures against erosion or corrosion
    • F01D5/288—Protective coatings for blades
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
    • Y10T—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER US CLASSIFICATION
    • Y10T428/00—Stock material or miscellaneous articles
    • Y10T428/12—All metal or with adjacent metals
    • Y10T428/12472—Microscopic interfacial wave or roughness
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
    • Y10T—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER US CLASSIFICATION
    • Y10T428/00—Stock material or miscellaneous articles
    • Y10T428/12—All metal or with adjacent metals
    • Y10T428/12493—Composite; i.e., plural, adjacent, spatially distinct metal components [e.g., layers, joint, etc.]
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
    • Y10T—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER US CLASSIFICATION
    • Y10T428/00—Stock material or miscellaneous articles
    • Y10T428/12—All metal or with adjacent metals
    • Y10T428/12493—Composite; i.e., plural, adjacent, spatially distinct metal components [e.g., layers, joint, etc.]
    • Y10T428/12535—Composite; i.e., plural, adjacent, spatially distinct metal components [e.g., layers, joint, etc.] with additional, spatially distinct nonmetal component
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
    • Y10T—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER US CLASSIFICATION
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    • Y10T428/12—All metal or with adjacent metals
    • Y10T428/12493—Composite; i.e., plural, adjacent, spatially distinct metal components [e.g., layers, joint, etc.]
    • Y10T428/12535—Composite; i.e., plural, adjacent, spatially distinct metal components [e.g., layers, joint, etc.] with additional, spatially distinct nonmetal component
    • Y10T428/12576—Boride, carbide or nitride component
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
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    • Y10T428/12493—Composite; i.e., plural, adjacent, spatially distinct metal components [e.g., layers, joint, etc.]
    • Y10T428/12535—Composite; i.e., plural, adjacent, spatially distinct metal components [e.g., layers, joint, etc.] with additional, spatially distinct nonmetal component
    • Y10T428/12583—Component contains compound of adjacent metal
    • Y10T428/1259—Oxide
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
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    • Y10T428/12493—Composite; i.e., plural, adjacent, spatially distinct metal components [e.g., layers, joint, etc.]
    • Y10T428/12771—Transition metal-base component
    • Y10T428/12806—Refractory [Group IVB, VB, or VIB] metal-base component
    • Y10T428/12826—Group VIB metal-base component
    • Y10T428/12847—Cr-base component
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
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    • Y10T428/12771—Transition metal-base component
    • Y10T428/12861—Group VIII or IB metal-base component
    • Y10T428/12944—Ni-base component
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
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    • Y10T428/12861—Group VIII or IB metal-base component
    • Y10T428/12951—Fe-base component
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
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    • Y10T428/24—Structurally defined web or sheet [e.g., overall dimension, etc.]
    • Y10T428/24942—Structurally defined web or sheet [e.g., overall dimension, etc.] including components having same physical characteristic in differing degree
    • Y10T428/2495—Thickness [relative or absolute]
    • Y10T428/24967—Absolute thicknesses specified
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
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    • Y10T428/26—Web or sheet containing structurally defined element or component, the element or component having a specified physical dimension

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  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Materials Engineering (AREA)
  • Organic Chemistry (AREA)
  • Metallurgy (AREA)
  • Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
  • Inorganic Chemistry (AREA)
  • Ceramic Engineering (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Plasma & Fusion (AREA)
  • Coating By Spraying Or Casting (AREA)
  • Other Surface Treatments For Metallic Materials (AREA)
  • Turbine Rotor Nozzle Sealing (AREA)

Abstract

Sistema de capas (1) con un substrato (4), con una capa intermedia (7) y con partículas (10) de granulado grueso, que están presentes sobre la capa intermedia (7), caracterizado porque las partículas (10) de granulado grueso presentan diámetros del grano mayores que 80 micrómetros, especialmente mayores de 100 micrómetros, porque las partículas (10) presentan una composición MCrAlY, porque la capa intermedia (7) presenta una composición MCrAlY, en la que M representa un elemento del grupo de hierro, cobalto y níquel, y porque sobre las partículas (10) está aplicada una capa cerámica exterior (16).

Description

Sistema de capas.
La invención se refiere a un sistema de capas de acuerdo con el preámbulo de la reivindicación 1.
El documento US-PS 5.952.110 publica un sistema de capas, en el que las partículas gruesas están contenidas en una capa exterior. Las partículas gruesas se proyectan desde la superficie exterior y sirven para la elevación de la resistencia abrasiva. Las partículas gruesas presentan otra composición química que la capa.
El documento US-PS 5.579.534 publica un sistema de capas, que presenta al menos tres capas, en el que las partículas gruesas están dispuestas sobre una capa de partículas más finas.
El documento US 6.444.331 muestra una capa de unión, que es rugosa, para conseguir una adherencia mejorada de la capa de aislamiento térmico y la capa de unión.
Los sistemas de capas presenta, en cambio, siempre todavía una mala adhesión de las capas entre sí o de la capa sobre un substrato.
Por lo tanto, el cometido de la invención es solucionar este problema.
El cometido se soluciona a través de un sistema de capas de acuerdo con la reivindicación 1.
Otras configuraciones ventajosas del sistema de capas se indican en las reivindicaciones dependientes. Las configuraciones ventajosas de las reivindicaciones dependientes se pueden combinar entre sí.
La figura muestra un ejemplo de realización de un sistema de capas 1 de acuerdo con la invención.
Un sistema de capas 1 está constituido por un substrato 4, por ejemplo de un material cerámico o de un material metálico, especialmente de una superaleación a base de cobalto o de níquel.
Sobre el substrato 4 está dispuesta una capa intermedia 7. Esta capa intermedia presenta especialmente una densidad alta y está constituida en el caso de la superaleación como substrato 4 de la composición del tipo MCrAlY (M = Fe, Co, Ni).
La microestructura de la capa intermedia 7 presenta al menos en parte partículas finas (granulado fino) o bien ha sido fabricada al menos en parte de partículas de granulado más fino. El granulado más fino significa diámetro del grano menor que 22 micrómetros, especialmente entre 8 y 22 micrómetros. La porción de partículas con granulado más fino para la fabricación de la capa intermedia 7 representa, por ejemplo, un 50%, especialmente las partículas de granulado más fino permiten la fabricación de una capa intermedia más densa 7. Las partículas para la capa intermedia 7 presentan, por ejemplo, diámetros de los granos entre 8 y 44 micrómetros.
La capa intermedia 7 se puede fabricar de diferentes maneras: Chemical Vapour Deposition (CVD), inyección de plasma (APS, LPPS, VPS,...), Oxy Fuel de Alta Velocidad (HVOF) u otros métodos de recubrimiento.
Sobre la superficie exterior 8 de la capa intermedia 7 está aplicada una capa, a ser posible, de un solo estrato, de material inyectado 10 de grano muy grueso, siendo el diámetro del grano, por ejemplo, mayor que 80 micrómetros, especialmente mayor que 100 micrómetros. En este caso, se forma una superficie del tipo de protuberancias.
Durante la inyección de plasma, se ajusta la instalación de inyección de plasma, por ejemplo, de tal manera que solamente se funde una zona de la superficie de los granos gruesos 10 con el fin de posibilitar una adhesión de los granos gruesos 10 sobre la capa intermedia 7. Los granos huesos 10 presenta, por ejemplo, una composición del tipo MCrAlY.
De la misma manera, la superficie exterior 8 de la capa intermedia 7 se puede calentar y fundir, es decir, que es blanda, de modo que cuando aparecen partículas gruesas 10, especialmente a alta velocidad, éstas penetran en la capa intermedia 7 y se amarran allí.
De la misma manera, se pueden dejar crecer partículas gruesas 10, por ejemplo, a través de crecimiento local sobre la superficie 8, estando presentes gérmenes de crecimiento distribuidos localmente sobre la superficie 8 o siendo excitada la superficie de tal forma que solamente allí existen condiciones para el crecimiento.
La superficie de adhesión 9, que se forma por la capa intermedia 7 y las partículas gruesas 10, es esencialmente mayor que la capa exterior de la superficie 8 todavía no recubierta de la capa intermedia 7.
Sobre la estructura fabricada de esta manera de la capa intermedia 7 y las partículas gruesas 10 se aplica de una manera opcional otra capa fina 13 (por ejemplo de 40 a 80 micrómetros de espesor) de un producto inyectado de granos de tamaño medio (granulado medio: 22 a 62 micrómetros) por medio de procedimientos conocidos.
La superficie adhesiva 9 incrementada permanece inalterada. A través de la superficie adhesiva 9 mayor de una manera preferida al menos hasta un 20%, se consigue una resistencia adhesiva mejorada de la capa exterior 16 con el sistema de capas 1.
La capa 13 presenta, por ejemplo, una composición del tipo MCrAlY.
Las partículas gruesas 10 y las partículas medias 13 de la capa 13 se pueden aplicar a través de inyección de plasma atmosférico (APS), inyecciones de plasma a baja presión (LPPS), inyección de plasma a vacío (VPS), inyección de gas frío o inyección pulverizada compacta.
Sobre la capa 13 se aplica una capa exterior 16.
La capa exterior 16 es, por ejemplo, una capa cerámica y en el caso de la aplicación para componentes de turbinas, especialmente para componentes de turbinas de gas, la capa exterior 16 es una capa de aislamiento térmico.

Claims (10)

1. Sistema de capas (1) con un substrato (4), con una capa intermedia (7) y con partículas (10) de granulado grueso, que están presentes sobre la capa intermedia (7), caracterizado porque las partículas (10) de granulado grueso presentan diámetros del grano mayores que 80 micrómetros, especialmente mayores de 100 micrómetros, porque las partículas (10) presentan una composición MCrAlY, porque la capa intermedia (7) presenta una composición MCrAlY, en la que M representa un elemento del grupo de hierro, cobalto y níquel, y porque sobre las partículas (10) está aplicada una capa cerámica exterior (16).
2. Sistema de capas de acuerdo con la reivindicación 1, caracterizado porque sobre las partículas gruesas (10) está aplicada otra capa (13) antes de la aplicación de la capa exterior (16).
3. Sistema de capas de acuerdo con la reivindicación 2, caracterizado porque la capa (3) está constituida por partículas de granulado medio y porque las partículas de granulado medio presentan diámetros del grano entre 22 micrómetros y 62 micrómetros.
4. Sistema de capas de acuerdo con la reivindicación 1, caracterizado porque la capa intermedia (7) está constituida al menos parcialmente por partículas de granulado más fino y porque las partículas de granulado más fino presentan diámetros del grano menores que 22 micrómetros, especialmente entre 8 y 22 micrómetros.
5. Sistema de capas de acuerdo con la reivindicación 1 ó 4, caracterizado porque la capa intermedia (7) es gruesa.
6. Sistema de capas de acuerdo con la reivindicación 1, caracterizado porque el substrato (4) es una superaleación a base de cobalto o a base de níquel.
7. Sistema de capas de acuerdo con la reivindicación 1 ó 2, caracterizado porque las partículas gruesas (10) presentan una composición MCrAlY, donde M representa un elemento del grupo de hierro, cobalto o níquel.
8. Sistema de capas de acuerdo con la reivindicación 1, 4 ó 5, caracterizado porque la capa intermedia (7) está aplicada a través de inyección de plasma.
9. Sistema de capas de acuerdo con la reivindicación 1, caracterizado porque el sistema de capas (1) es una pieza de turbina de gas.
10. Sistema de capas de acuerdo con la reivindicación 4, caracterizado porque la porción de las partículas para la capa intermedia (7) con gránulo fino es 50%.
ES03775264T 2002-11-21 2003-10-30 Sistema de capas. Expired - Lifetime ES2278206T3 (es)

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EP02026012A EP1422054A1 (de) 2002-11-21 2002-11-21 Schichtsystem für eine Verwenbdung in Gasturbinen
EP02026012 2002-11-21

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WO2004045844A1 (de) 2004-06-03
EP1581386B1 (de) 2006-12-06
US20060051608A1 (en) 2006-03-09
EP1581386A1 (de) 2005-10-05
US7250222B2 (en) 2007-07-31
DE50305924D1 (de) 2007-01-18

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