ES2277737B1 - VENTILATED ARCHITECTURAL FACADE. - Google Patents
VENTILATED ARCHITECTURAL FACADE. Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- ES2277737B1 ES2277737B1 ES200501180A ES200501180A ES2277737B1 ES 2277737 B1 ES2277737 B1 ES 2277737B1 ES 200501180 A ES200501180 A ES 200501180A ES 200501180 A ES200501180 A ES 200501180A ES 2277737 B1 ES2277737 B1 ES 2277737B1
- Authority
- ES
- Spain
- Prior art keywords
- ventilated
- aluminum
- facade
- core
- foam
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Expired - Fee Related
Links
- 229910052782 aluminium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 23
- XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N aluminium Chemical compound [Al] XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 23
- 239000006260 foam Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 14
- 239000002341 toxic gas Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 4
- 229910052751 metal Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 8
- 229910052710 silicon Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 5
- 239000010703 silicon Substances 0.000 claims description 5
- 229910000838 Al alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 4
- FYYHWMGAXLPEAU-UHFFFAOYSA-N Magnesium Chemical compound [Mg] FYYHWMGAXLPEAU-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 4
- 229910052749 magnesium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 4
- 239000011777 magnesium Substances 0.000 claims description 4
- RTAQQCXQSZGOHL-UHFFFAOYSA-N Titanium Chemical compound [Ti] RTAQQCXQSZGOHL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- WPBNNNQJVZRUHP-UHFFFAOYSA-L manganese(2+);methyl n-[[2-(methoxycarbonylcarbamothioylamino)phenyl]carbamothioyl]carbamate;n-[2-(sulfidocarbothioylamino)ethyl]carbamodithioate Chemical compound [Mn+2].[S-]C(=S)NCCNC([S-])=S.COC(=O)NC(=S)NC1=CC=CC=C1NC(=S)NC(=O)OC WPBNNNQJVZRUHP-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000010936 titanium Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- 229910052719 titanium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000000853 adhesive Substances 0.000 abstract description 6
- 230000001070 adhesive effect Effects 0.000 abstract description 6
- 230000009970 fire resistant effect Effects 0.000 abstract description 3
- 238000005253 cladding Methods 0.000 abstract 1
- 239000011368 organic material Substances 0.000 abstract 1
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 description 7
- 239000007787 solid Substances 0.000 description 7
- 239000002131 composite material Substances 0.000 description 4
- 239000004033 plastic Substances 0.000 description 3
- 229920003023 plastic Polymers 0.000 description 3
- 229910000831 Steel Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000009413 insulation Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 description 2
- -1 polyethylene Polymers 0.000 description 2
- 239000010959 steel Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229910000048 titanium hydride Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 239000004698 Polyethylene Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000004793 Polystyrene Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000007743 anodising Methods 0.000 description 1
- 210000003850 cellular structure Anatomy 0.000 description 1
- 239000003795 chemical substances by application Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000011248 coating agent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000000576 coating method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000000295 complement effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000010276 construction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000005260 corrosion Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000007797 corrosion Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000005516 engineering process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000005187 foaming Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000000446 fuel Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000011521 glass Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000011810 insulating material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000004922 lacquer Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000003973 paint Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000035699 permeability Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229920000573 polyethylene Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229920002223 polystyrene Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229920002635 polyurethane Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 239000004814 polyurethane Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000011343 solid material Substances 0.000 description 1
Classifications
-
- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E04—BUILDING
- E04C—STRUCTURAL ELEMENTS; BUILDING MATERIALS
- E04C2/00—Building elements of relatively thin form for the construction of parts of buildings, e.g. sheet materials, slabs, or panels
- E04C2/02—Building elements of relatively thin form for the construction of parts of buildings, e.g. sheet materials, slabs, or panels characterised by specified materials
- E04C2/08—Building elements of relatively thin form for the construction of parts of buildings, e.g. sheet materials, slabs, or panels characterised by specified materials of metal, e.g. sheet metal
-
- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E04—BUILDING
- E04C—STRUCTURAL ELEMENTS; BUILDING MATERIALS
- E04C2/00—Building elements of relatively thin form for the construction of parts of buildings, e.g. sheet materials, slabs, or panels
- E04C2/02—Building elements of relatively thin form for the construction of parts of buildings, e.g. sheet materials, slabs, or panels characterised by specified materials
- E04C2/26—Building elements of relatively thin form for the construction of parts of buildings, e.g. sheet materials, slabs, or panels characterised by specified materials composed of materials covered by two or more of groups E04C2/04, E04C2/08, E04C2/10 or of materials covered by one of these groups with a material not specified in one of the groups
- E04C2/284—Building elements of relatively thin form for the construction of parts of buildings, e.g. sheet materials, slabs, or panels characterised by specified materials composed of materials covered by two or more of groups E04C2/04, E04C2/08, E04C2/10 or of materials covered by one of these groups with a material not specified in one of the groups at least one of the materials being insulating
- E04C2/292—Building elements of relatively thin form for the construction of parts of buildings, e.g. sheet materials, slabs, or panels characterised by specified materials composed of materials covered by two or more of groups E04C2/04, E04C2/08, E04C2/10 or of materials covered by one of these groups with a material not specified in one of the groups at least one of the materials being insulating composed of insulating material and sheet metal
Landscapes
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Architecture (AREA)
- Civil Engineering (AREA)
- Structural Engineering (AREA)
- Building Environments (AREA)
- Finishing Walls (AREA)
- Load-Bearing And Curtain Walls (AREA)
Abstract
Fachada arquitectónica ventilada. La fachada incorpora como medio de revestimiento paneles tipo sándwich en los que participan dos chapas exteriores (1-1'') de aluminio y entre ellas un núcleo ligero (2) de espuma de aluminio de baja densidad, con especial particularidad además de que la espuma de aluminio (2) está fijada metalúrgicamente a las chapas exteriores (1-1''), en ausencia de adhesivos u otros materiales orgánicos. De esta manera se consigue una fachada ventilada ligera y resistente, que además es incombustible, resistente al fuego y que ante un supuesto incendio no produce gases tóxicos y es estable hasta altas temperaturas.Ventilated architectural facade. The façade incorporates sandwich panels in the form of cladding in which two outer sheets (1-1 '') of aluminum participate and among them a light core (2) of low density aluminum foam, with special particularity in addition to the fact that Aluminum foam (2) is metallurgically fixed to the outer sheets (1-1 ''), in the absence of adhesives or other organic materials. In this way a light and resistant ventilated facade is achieved, which is also incombustible, fire resistant and that in case of a supposed fire does not produce toxic gases and is stable until high temperatures.
Description
Fachada arquitectónica ventilada.Ventilated architectural facade.
La presente invención se refiere a una fachada arquitectónica, es decir a un cerramiento de los paramentos exteriores de los edificios, que pertenece al grupo de las comúnmente denominadas "fachadas ligeras" y dentro de éstas últimas al grupo de las fachadas ventiladas.The present invention relates to a facade architectural, that is to say a wall enclosure exterior of the buildings, which belongs to the group of commonly called "light facades" and within these last to the group of ventilated facades.
El objeto de la invención es una fachada ventilada ligera totalmente metálica de aluminio, incombustible y resistente al fuego, estable hasta altas temperaturas y que ante un posible fuego no produce gases tóxicos.The object of the invention is a facade Lightweight ventilated all-metal aluminum, fireproof and Fire resistant, stable up to high temperatures and that before a Possible fire does not produce toxic gases.
Como es sabido, las fachadas ligeras son cerramientos de los paramentos exteriores de los edificios, que se componen de elementos estructurales verticales y horizontales, conectados conjuntamente y anclados en la estructura soporte del edificio, elementos de peso ligero, que aportan todas las funciones normales de un muro exterior pero que no asumen característica alguna de soporte de carga de la estructura del edificio y no contribuyen a su estabilidad estructural. Las fachadas ligeras asumen, por tanto, todas las funciones de un paramento exterior, y deben satisfacer los requerimientos de prestaciones relativos a durabilidad, permeabilidad al aire, estanqueidad, resistencia al fuego, aislamiento térmico, atenuación acústica, así como la función puramente estética. Las fachadas ligeras deben soportar las cargas derivadas de su propio peso y deben ser suficientemente rígidas para soportar las cargas de viento que se producen en los edificios.As is known, the light facades are enclosures of the exterior walls of the buildings, which are they consist of vertical and horizontal structural elements, connected together and anchored in the support structure of the building, lightweight elements that provide all the functions normal of an exterior wall but that do not assume characteristic some load bearing of the building structure and not They contribute to their structural stability. Light facades they assume, therefore, all the functions of an exterior wall, and must meet the performance requirements relating to durability, air permeability, tightness, resistance to fire, thermal insulation, acoustic attenuation, as well as the purely aesthetic function. Light facades must withstand the loads derived from their own weight and must be sufficiently rigid to withstand the wind loads that occur in the buildings
Estas cargas horizontales y verticales deben transmitirse a la estructura del edificio por medio del sistema de anclaje previsto.These horizontal and vertical loads must transmitted to the building structure through the system of planned anchor.
Tal como anteriormente se ha dicho las fachadas ventiladas constituyen un grupo dentro de las fachadas ligeras, y consisten en un revestimiento de muros y paramentos externos de los edificios, superpuestos a éstos, son elementos ciegos, no portantes de sistemas de apertura ni de vidrios fijos, y se caracterizan por ser muy ligeras, fabricadas con paneles de pequeño espesor, a base de chapas metálicas normalmente de aluminio o acero, o de paneles sólidos de materiales plásticos, así como también de paneles sándwich composites. Por su sistema constructivo las fachadas ventiladas crean un espacio intermedio con el muro del edificio, originando una cámara de aire que contribuye a la regulación térmica del mismo.As previously said the facades ventilated constitute a group within the light facades, and they consist of a coating of walls and external walls of the buildings, superimposed on these, are blind, non-bearing elements of opening systems or fixed glass, and are characterized by be very light, manufactured with panels of small thickness, based of metal sheets normally of aluminum or steel, or of panels solids of plastic materials, as well as panels sandwich composites. For its construction system the facades ventilated create an intermediate space with the wall of the building, causing an air chamber that contributes to regulation thermal of the same.
Los sistemas de fachadas ventiladas, además de contribuir significativamente a la estética de los edificios, realizan todas las funciones de aislamiento y resistencia frente a los efectos de la intemperie, debiendo incorporar además las características de rigidez necesarias para soportar las cargas que actúan sobre ellas y transmitirlas a la estructura del edificio.Ventilated façade systems, in addition to contribute significantly to the aesthetics of buildings, perform all insulation and resistance functions against the effects of the weather, must also incorporate the stiffness characteristics necessary to support the loads that They act on them and transmit them to the building structure.
Una de las soluciones más habituales para la obtención de fachadas ventiladas, es la utilización de los citados paneles sándwich, en los que participan dos finas chapas exteriores de aluminio o acero que se unen mediante adhesivo a un núcleo interior de material plástico o aislante, como por ejemplo de polietileno, poliuretano, poliestireno, etc.One of the most common solutions for Obtaining ventilated facades, is the use of the aforementioned sandwich panels, in which two thin outer plates participate of aluminum or steel that are bonded by adhesive to a core inside of plastic or insulating material, such as polyethylene, polyurethane, polystyrene, etc.
La tecnología de las fachadas fabricadas con paneles composites ha evolucionado enormemente, consiguiéndose productos plásticos y adhesivos especiales que aumentan muy significativamente sus prestaciones de reacción y resistencia al fuego, hasta los límites que fijan las características de combustibilidad de los propios materiales.The technology of the facades manufactured with Composite panels have evolved greatly, getting plastic products and special adhesives that increase very significantly its reaction performance and resistance to fire, up to the limits that set the characteristics of combustibility of the materials themselves.
Son conocidas también las fachadas ventiladas de paneles formados por dos chapas exteriores de aluminio que incorporan una estructura interior muy ligera, también de aluminio, reticulada en nido de abeja, o bien con chapas onduladas, uniendo dicho núcleo metálico igualmente a las chapas exteriores mediante adhesivos.The ventilated facades of panels formed by two outer aluminum sheets that they incorporate a very light interior structure, also of aluminum, reticulated in honeycomb, or with corrugated sheets, joining said metal core also to the outer plates by adhesives
Se utilizan así mismo fachadas ventiladas fabricadas con paneles sólidos metálicos, como por ejemplo materializados en una chapa de aluminio, por tanto incombustibles y resistentes al fuego, pero comparadas con los paneles composites más habituales y a igualdad de peso por unidad de superficie, tienen menor rigidez. en la fachada, lo que puede repercutir desfavorablemente, en determinadas situaciones, en lo que se refiere a las cargas de peso transmitidas a la estructura del edificio.Ventilated facades are also used made of solid metal panels, such as materialized in an aluminum sheet, therefore fireproof and fire resistant, but compared to composite panels more common and equal weight per unit area, They have less stiffness. on the facade, which can impact unfavorably, in certain situations, as regards to the weight loads transmitted to the building structure.
La fachada arquitectónica ventilada que la invención propone constituye una solución ligera, incombustible, no produce gases tóxicos en caso de incendio y es estable hasta altas temperaturas, mejorando globalmente las características de resistencia y comportamiento al fuego, que además es íntegramente reciclable.The ventilated architectural facade that the proposed invention constitutes a lightweight, non-combustible solution, not produces toxic gases in case of fire and is stable until high temperatures, globally improving the characteristics of fire resistance and behavior, which is also entirely recyclable.
Para ello y de forma mas concreta dicha fachada está estructurada a base de paneles tipo sándwich, en los que participan dos chapas exteriores de aluminio, pero con la especial particularidad de que el núcleo del mismo es de espuma de aluminio, y se fija a dichas chapas mediante una unión metalúrgica, es decir en ausencia de adhesivos o cualquier tipo de componente orgánico susceptible de convertirse en un combustible.To do this and more specifically said facade It is structured based on sandwich panels, in which two aluminum outer plates participate, but with the special particularity that its core is made of aluminum foam, and is fixed to said plates by means of a metallurgical union, that is to say in the absence of adhesives or any type of organic component susceptible of becoming a fuel.
Dado que el acabado superficial de la fachada puede obtenerse en un proceso de anodizado del aluminio, tampoco es necesario la utilización de acabado de lacas o pinturas, de manera que la fachada resulta íntegramente metálica en su constitución y acabados, con las mismas prestaciones desde el punto de vista de combustibilidad, de resistencia y de comportamiento al fuego que si se tratase de un panel metálico sólido o macizo.Since the surface finish of the facade It can be obtained in an aluminum anodizing process, nor is it the use of finishing lacquers or paints is necessary, so that the facade is entirely metallic in its constitution and finishes, with the same benefits from the point of view of combustibility, resistance and fire behavior that if it was a solid or solid metal panel.
Sin embargo, su núcleo de espuma de aluminio supone una considerable mayor ligereza para la fachada, de manera que un panel de 8 mm, con chapas exteriores de 0,5 mm y un núcleo de espuma de 7 mm, pesa menos de la mitad que una chapa de aluminio sólida con la misma rigidez, lo que puede suponer, en determinados casos, a que las cargas transmitidas por la fachada ventilada a la estructura del edificio sean acusadamente menores.However, its aluminum foam core supposes a considerable greater lightness for the facade, so than an 8 mm panel, with 0.5 mm outer plates and a core 7mm foam, weighs less than half an aluminum sheet solid with the same rigidity, which can mean, in certain cases, to which the loads transmitted by the ventilated facade to the Building structure are markedly minor.
Para complementar la descripción que se está realizando y con objeto de ayudar a una mejor comprensión de las características del invento, de acuerdo con un ejemplo preferente de realización práctica del mismo, se acompaña como parte integrante de dicha descripción, un juego de dibujos en donde con carácter ilustrativo y no limitativo, se ha representado lo siguiente:To complement the description that is being performing and in order to help a better understanding of the characteristics of the invention, according to a preferred example of practical realization of it, is accompanied as part member of that description, a set of drawings where with illustrative and non-limiting nature, what has been represented next:
La figura 1.- Muestra un detalle en sección de un panel sólido metálico participante en una fachada ventilada convencional.Figure 1.- Shows a detail in section of a solid metallic panel participant in a ventilated facade conventional.
La figura 2.- Muestra una representación similar a la de la figura 1, pero correspondiente a un panel sándwich participante en una fachada ventilada, realizado de acuerdo con el objeto de la presente invención.Figure 2.- Shows a similar representation to that of figure 1, but corresponding to a sandwich panel participant in a ventilated facade, made in accordance with the object of the present invention.
A la vista de las figuras reseñadas, y en concreto de la figura 2, puede observarse como la fachada arquitectónica ventilada que la invención propone utiliza para la confección de la misma paneles metálicos tipo sándwich en el que participan dos chapas exteriores de aluminio (1-1') de reducido espesor, como por ejemplo de 0,5 ó de 0,6 mm, en las que el aluminio base puede estar aleado por ejemplo con manganeso, magnesio, y/o silicio, dependiendo de las características mecánicas previstas para la fachada, estableciéndose entre estas chapas exteriores (1-1') un núcleo interior (2) a base de espuma de aluminio, con un espesor que normalmente variará entre 6 y 9 mm y con densidades medias en el rango de 0,25 a 0,5 gr/cm^{3}, estando dicha espuma de aluminio obtenida igualmente a base de una aleación de aluminio en la que puede participar silicio o silicio y magnesio, así como titanio, este último derivado del agente de expansión para la formación de la espuma, concretamente hidruro de titanio (TiH_{2}), que participa en la mezcla inicial de la espuma en una proporción del orden del 0,6 al 1%.In view of the figures outlined, and in concrete of figure 2, can be seen as the facade ventilated architectural that the invention proposes uses for the making the same sandwich-type metal panels in which two outer plates of aluminum (1-1 ') participate of reduced thickness, such as 0.5 or 0.6 mm, in the that the base aluminum can be alloyed for example with manganese, magnesium, and / or silicon, depending on the mechanical characteristics provided for the facade, settling between these sheets outer (1-1 ') an inner core (2) based on aluminum foam, with a thickness that will normally vary between 6 and 9 mm and with average densities in the range of 0.25 to 0.5 gr / cm3, said aluminum foam being also obtained at base of an aluminum alloy in which silicon can participate or silicon and magnesium, as well as titanium, the latter derived from expansion agent for foaming, specifically titanium hydride (TiH2), which participates in the initial mixture of the foam in a proportion of the order of 0.6 to 1%.
De esta manera el citado núcleo (2) de espuma de aluminio tiene las propiedades de duración y comportamiento a la corrosión propias de la aleación de aluminio que la constituye y que debido a su estructura celular presenta unas características mecánicas diferentes a las del material sólido del que está compuesta, suficientemente rígida, resistente y estable para ser utilizada en la fabricación de fachadas ventiladas.In this way the aforementioned foam core (2) of aluminum has the properties of duration and behavior at corrosion of the aluminum alloy that constitutes it and which due to its cellular structure has some characteristics mechanical different from the solid material of which it is Composite, rigid enough, strong and stable to be Used in the manufacture of ventilated facades.
Sin embargo al ser metálicas tanto las chapas exteriores (1) como el núcleo de espuma (2) y al estar estos elementos unidos entre si de forma metalúrgica sin adhesivos, el comportamiento de la fachada frente a los efectos de un posible incendio es similar al que se obtiene con el citado panel sólido (3) de la figura 1.However, being both metal sheets exterior (1) as the foam core (2) and being these metallurgically bonded elements without adhesives, the facade behavior versus the effects of a possible fire is similar to that obtained with the aforementioned solid panel (3) of figure 1.
Claims (4)
Priority Applications (2)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| ES200501180A ES2277737B1 (en) | 2005-05-16 | 2005-05-16 | VENTILATED ARCHITECTURAL FACADE. |
| PCT/ES2006/000251 WO2006122999A1 (en) | 2005-05-16 | 2006-05-16 | Construction sandwich panel, production method thereof and ventilated architectural facade |
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| ES200501180A ES2277737B1 (en) | 2005-05-16 | 2005-05-16 | VENTILATED ARCHITECTURAL FACADE. |
Publications (2)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| ES2277737A1 ES2277737A1 (en) | 2007-07-16 |
| ES2277737B1 true ES2277737B1 (en) | 2008-04-16 |
Family
ID=38330834
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| ES200501180A Expired - Fee Related ES2277737B1 (en) | 2005-05-16 | 2005-05-16 | VENTILATED ARCHITECTURAL FACADE. |
Country Status (1)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| ES (1) | ES2277737B1 (en) |
Families Citing this family (1)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| ES2351467B1 (en) * | 2008-07-29 | 2011-11-29 | Jorge Molina Santos | VENTILATED FACADE. |
Family Cites Families (4)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US6085965A (en) * | 1997-02-04 | 2000-07-11 | Mcdonnel & Douglas Corporation | Pressure bonding and densification process for manufacturing low density core metal parts |
| NL1014116C2 (en) * | 2000-01-19 | 2001-07-20 | Corus Aluminium Walzprod Gmbh | Method and device for forming a laminate of compressed metal powder with a foaming agent between two metal layers, and product formed therewith. |
| DE10042569C1 (en) * | 2000-08-25 | 2002-04-04 | Christian Steglich | Method and device for producing composite materials with a core made of metal foam |
| DE10136370B4 (en) * | 2001-07-26 | 2005-03-31 | Schwingel, Dirk, Dr. | Composite material and component made therefrom consisting of a foamed metal core and solid cover sheets, and method for the production |
-
2005
- 2005-05-16 ES ES200501180A patent/ES2277737B1/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| ES2277737A1 (en) | 2007-07-16 |
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