ES2276139T3 - ANTIRUDED STRUCTURE. - Google Patents

Abstract

The structure (1) has a set of planks (2) that are parallel among themselves and arranged edgewise (3) with their longitudinal axis parallel to a plan (P) of the structure. The planks are oriented in a direction of source zone and separated from one another by a free space (4). Bands of acoustic absorbents are positioned in a parallel way to the plan of the structure on opposite edges to the source zone of the planks.

Description

Anti-noise structure

The present invention relates to a acoustic structure designed to attenuate, absorb and / or act as noise screen The present invention relates to a plate formed from an acoustic anti-noise structure. The present invention also relates to a ceiling or walls of a room or even to an exterior noise shield equipped from of said acoustic noise structure.

In general, noise is one of the Comfort parameters that is quite neglected often. The urbanization, road traffic explosion, densification of Multi-story habitat are many other developments that generate An increasingly noisy environment. In industrial premises, the automated production chains are also increasingly noisy

In the field of construction and, more especially in residential buildings (villas, real estate), in buildings open to the public, in commercial buildings or even in industrial premises, constructions must respond to acoustic standards so that the living environment Private or professional is more comfortable and less tiring.

State of the art

The improvement of the environment from a point of view acoustic is treated, in principle, by surface panels plated on or against the structures of the buildings. These panels are made of soft and porous materials. Wood is used very often with, for example, fiber panels (density substantially equal to 0.1), cork panels or even microperforated panels based on wood fibers.

These building elements are applied on existing concrete or metal surfaces. So, They can be seen as acoustic correction panels. These panels Acoustics are thin and offer a smooth surface with The exception of the perforations. Its absorption characteristics Airborne noise vary depending on the density of the panel (a less dense panel will be softer and therefore better absorbed), and of the size and number of perforations, which are as many Doors that catch high frequency sounds. Given his homogeneous surface configuration, these correction panels are very good for high frequency absorption, in the interval from 1,200 Hz to 4,000 Hz.

However, they are not quite structured at surface level to be effective in a frequency range  lower, for example from 50 Hz to 1,200 Hz. A homogeneous panel simple can only be a limited corrector because it has a smooth surface. In addition, these panels contain a lot of glue or volatile organic compounds, which is not ideal from a point of environmental view.

There are also known, according to FR 1,064,968, WO-00 / 61,888 and US 4,244,439, anti-noise structures made of a continuous and homogeneous material. These structures have series of parallel sheets, which form a series of parallel parallel channels, with their back or wall
side.

US 4,821,839 describes a diffusing and reflective structure of sounds, which includes a series of parallel dividers between them arranged for singing, with their longitudinal axis parallel to the plane of the structure and oriented in Source area address.

However, these structures suffer from inconvenience of constituting monolithic masses that engender additional parasitic vibrations. In addition, by his conception, these structures can adapt very hard, both on the dimensional plane and on the structural plane, to the surfaces that cover and the characteristics of the waves sound that are responsible for absorbing.

Summary of the Invention

One of the main problems that arise is to be able to tune a structure against the inconvenience acoustics of a noise source located in the same area of the space. A second problem is to get a panel found acoustic structural or separation walls intended to protect the environment, integrating different scales of construction to obtain a long band efficiency and therefore convenient in a multitude of environments, from private to commercial, from offices to The production factories. A third problem is to provide a panel effective throughout the frequency band, of the low frequencies of 50 Hz to 400 Hz to high frequencies of more than 1600 Hz to 10 kHz

The invention thus relates to a structure, that defines a plane, intended for absorption or correction acoustic sound waves, in the frequency range audible between 50 Hz and 10 kHz, which come from a source area of sound waves. The structure comprises a set of plates parallel to each other arranged with edge, with its longitudinal axis parallel to the plane of the structure and oriented in the direction of the source area

According to the invention, the structure is characterized in that the plates are made of wood and are separated from each other for a free space.

The free spaces form captive grids of the sound waves and remain with their width determined by a set of wooden separation elements, which perform a solidarity between these plates.

These plates and the separation elements are assembled in order to form a semi-rigid system, being able to Each plate and each separation element vibrate on their own.

In other words, the structure presents a three-dimensional configuration that allows to create some traps to The sound waves. These traps are shaped like grids or sound capture cavities that are maintained thanks to some separators The plates create a first configuration two-dimensional and separation elements add a dimension supplementary to the bottom of the grilles.

The functional characteristics of this structure based on plates and wooden separation elements  They are both structural and acoustic corrective. So, the structure accumulates the two functions to be used as slab or as a carrier wall or as a simple non-structural concealer applied to the existing structure. These constituents of wood can be assembled without glue, specifically, with screws or nails.

The basic physical principle is to create a system spring-mass-dough that can vibrate and absorb high energy from low frequencies. To apply this principle, it is necessary to develop a structure rigid enough to vibrate like a wall or a wall. The plates are assembled in order to form a semi-rigid system, being able to vibrate each plate and each element by themselves and thus being able to absorb many lower frequencies, with respect to the monolithic structures of the state of the art. In addition, about its surface exposed to noise must be different complexity scales, so that the effectiveness of the structure in a wide frequency band.

In order to realize a solidarity of the set of plates together, and in a first variant of embodiment, the set of separation elements can Understand a set of braces. Each of the braces can be minted in the free space between each of the plates. From this way, each of the braces can make a connection mechanics between these plates. However, and in order to create a series of cavities that form sound traps, the braces have a length less than that of the plates constitutive

In order to realize a solidarity of the set of plates together, and in a second variant of embodiment, the set of separation elements can comprise one or more crossbars inserted in each of the plates of the set of plates. This crossbar can be placed parallel to the plane of the structure and perpendicular to the axis longitudinal of the plates, thus making a connection mechanics between said plates.

For an accomplishment of certain ceilings more Discreet, the plates can all be at the same height with a space and an absorbent insulator on the back, the structure may comprise a layer of an absorbent acoustic. The acoustic corrector can be simple, without grid and without insulating, being its effectiveness then more limited. This layer continuous is located parallel to the plane of the structure on the edges opposite the source area of the set of plates, is say, to the back of the structure.

In various advantageous embodiments, and to in order to create different levels of cavities that form traps for the sounds, some of the plates may be displaced with respect to other plates not displaced from the set of irons These displaced plates are then ordered from alternative way and according to a regulatory motive. These plates are displaced perpendicularly with respect to the plane of the structure and direction of the source area, that is, towards the front part of the structure.

In order to still improve its effectiveness, the structure it can comprise acoustic absorbent bands that will be placed parallel to the plane of the structure on the edges opposite to the source area of the displaced plates and between the plates not displaced from the set of plates. In a slab system of high performance, this can be done by grilles, without absorbent or absorbent.

In order to facilitate its handling and / or its mounting and its anchor against a support, the structure can comprise a wooden panel located parallel to the plane of the structure and positioned on the edges opposite the source area from the set of plates, that is, to the back of the structure. In another embodiment, the structure can further comprise a protective layer of concrete located on the wood panel On one floor, one panel may be sufficient. But a protective concrete layer can be added to improve the solid noise absorption. Concrete means any material based on hydraulic binder.

To improve the recovery of efforts Shearing of the plates together, the structure can comprise at least one supplementary connector inserted in the plates not displaced from the set of plates, parallel to the structure plane and perpendicular to the longitudinal axis of The plates. To perform traction recoveries between connectors, the structure can comprise at least one bar that one mechanically at least two connectors, positioned parallel to the plane of the structure and parallel to the axis longitudinal between the plates not displaced from the set of irons The structure may comprise a concrete layer emptied on acoustic absorbent bands positioned parallel to the plane of the structure and between the plates not displaced from the set of plates to make a slab true single clamp.

In yet another embodiment, the plates displaced can be arranged so that the absorbent bands acoustics positioned parallel to the plane of the structure on the edges opposite the source area of the displaced plates and between the plates not displaced from the set of plates come to make up with the edges opposite the source area of the plates not displaced from the set of plates, that is, to the part rear of the structure.

To allow an installation of the structure to full air, as a noise barrier for roads, highways and airports, the sealing parts can be positioned on the acoustic absorbent bands and come to make up with the edges opposite to the source area of the non-displaced plates of the set of plates, that is, to the back of the structure. To prevent parasitic vibrations of the plates, the damping parts of a flexible material can be positioned on the edges opposite the source area of the plates not displaced from the set of plates, that is, to the back of the structure.

In one embodiment, certain plates, sorted alternately according to a regular motive, they can favorably present a width less than or equal to its thickness with respect to other plates of the plate set. In a variant embodiment, plates with lower width or equal to their thickness they can have a tail-shaped section of kite, in order to create a cavity that forms traps for sounds with a significant volume, but a poor input surface, generating an area in depression for greater sound absorption

To modify the reflections of the waves sound on the structure, the songs, which are facing the source area, that is, to the front of the structure, of the plates of the set of plates may be ribbed. For use all types of materials, the plates of the set of Plates can be reconstituted from at least two parts. In a variant, the parts of the plates can be assembled in a displaced way with respect to each other in the direction of source area, that is, towards the front of the structure. The plates of the set of plates can present a inclination. The plates can be oriented towards the ground like a tornavoz and also to evacuate rainwater in the case of use of the structure as a noise barrier exposed to the outdoor weather.

A plate or slab can be formed from an anti-noise structure as described above. May a use of an anti-noise structure, such as the described above, arranging the structure on the walls and / or on the ceiling of a room or even as an anti-noise screen in the Exterior.

Description of the drawings

The invention will be better understood and its various advantages and different characteristics will be made more clearly than manifest from the following description of the example no limitation of realization, with reference to the drawings attached schematics, in which:

- Figures 1 to 3 represent, respectively, a rear perspective view, a view side and a front plan view of a first mode of realization of the anti-noise structure according to the invention;

- Figures 4 and 5 represent, respectively, a front perspective view and a view side of a second embodiment of the structure anti-noise according to the invention;

- Figures 6 to 8 represent, respectively, a front perspective view, a view side and a front plan view of a third mode of realization of the anti-noise structure according to the invention;

- Figures 9 and 10 represent, respectively, a front perspective view and a view side of a fourth embodiment of the anti-noise structure according to the invention;

- Figures 11 and 12 represent, respectively, a front perspective view and a view side of a fifth embodiment of the anti-noise structure according to the invention;

- Figures 13 and 14 represent, respectively, a rear sectioned perspective view and a sectioned side view of a sixth embodiment of the anti-noise structure according to the invention;

- Figures 15 to 20 represent a perspective view of six different embodiments of connectors for the sixth embodiment according to Figure
13;

- Figure 21 represents a view in posterior sectioned perspective of a seventh embodiment of the anti-noise structure according to the invention;

- Figures 22 and 23 represent, respectively, a front sectioned perspective view and a side view of an eighth embodiment of the structure anti-noise according to the invention;

- Figures 24 to 26 represent each of they a later perspective view of a ninth, a tenth and in an eleventh way of realizing the anti-noise structure of according to the invention;

- Figures 27 and 28 represent, respectively, a front perspective view and a view side of a twelfth embodiment of the structure anti-noise according to the invention;

- Figures 29 and 30 represent, respectively, a front side partial perspective view and a side view of a thirteenth embodiment of the anti-noise structure according to the invention; Y

- Figures 31 and 32 represent, respectively, a perspective view from above and a view side of a fourteenth embodiment of the structure noise barrier according to the invention.

Detailed description

The main models are illustrated below of construction for corrective panels of offices or of homes, slabs and / or self-supporting walls. In a first mode of realization of the anti-noise structure represented in the Figures 1 to 3, this structure (1) is presented in the form of a panel non-structural corrector that can be fixed to the support, such as a roof or a wall. The anti-noise structure (1) comprises a set of plates (2). The plates (2) are parallel to each other and define a plane (P) for the structure (1).

The plates (2) are arranged on their edge rear (3), presenting its longitudinal axis (L) parallel to the plane (P) of the structure (1). The plates (2) are thus oriented in direction to the source zone (S), from which the waves come sounds (O) towards the front of the structure (1). The plates (2) are regularly separated from each other by a free space (4).

The plates (2) are all separated by some braces (6) or a separating plate, presenting these more often in the form of a wooden plywood block solid. The braces (6) ensure cohesion and solidarity mechanics of the plates (2) with each other, as well as a maintenance of the free spaces (4) in their determined width. In the mode of embodiment according to Figure 3 three series of braces (6), with two series minted at each end and a series being found in the center of the structure (1).

On the back of the structure anti-noise (1) a layer of an absorbent material is arranged acoustic (7). The acoustic absorber (7) generally has a low density, of the order of 0.05. The acoustic absorber (7) is choose, for example, among the following materials, alone or mixed, mineral wool type, sparse wood fibers density, based on hemp stalks, recycled rubbers, old blown papers, glass wool, clay balls, polystyrene honeycomb or even others. This acoustic absorbent layer (7) is Solidarity, for example, by gluing on the back edges (3) of the plates (2). This structure is very effective in a broad band It is built with standard irons and therefore very economic. This basic structure can be adapted according to the structural characteristics required.

In a second embodiment of the anti-noise structure represented in Figures 4 and 5, this Structure (8) is presented in the form of a structural panel. The structure (8) comprises a first set of back plates (9). The back plates (9) are parallel to each other and are arranged on its rear edge (3), presenting its axis longitudinal (L) parallel to the plane of the structure (8). The back plates (9) are thus oriented in the direction of the source zone, from which the sound waves come in the direction of the front part of the structure (8). Back plates (9) are regularly separated from each other by a first series of free spaces (11).

A second set of plates is planned front (12) parallel to the first set of back plates (9), the front plates (12) being positioned between each one of the back plates (9) because they are displaced in the direction of the noise source towards the front of the structure (8). The front plates (12) are separated regularly from each other for a free space (13). The height static structure (8) is augmented by the displacement.

The back and front plates (9 and 12) they are all separated by braces (6) that ensure a cohesion and a mechanical solidarity of all the plates (9 and 12) with each other, as well as a maintenance of the free spaces (11) in its given width. Some are created like this grilles for access to the rear clearance (11). To perform the corresponding self-supporting structural slab, a wooden plate (14) stands in solidarity with the back of the structure (8) on the rear edges (3) of the back plates (9) of the first set. This wooden plate (14) may constitute a floor for An exploited room.

The noise structure (16) in a third way of embodiment depicted in Figures 6 to 8 is substantially analogous to the anti-noise structure (8) of the second mode of embodiment described above. For more important demands in terms of acoustic absorption, acoustic absorbent has been added in the form of bands (17) positioned in the free space (11) of the first set of back plates (9). The bands (17) are glued on each of the rear edges (18) of the plates front (12) of the second set displaced, as well as on the braces (6).

In the case of the second and third mode of embodiment for a tile, for example (see Figure 8), about grilles (19) that generate access to the free spaces (11) between back plates (9) of the first set are obtained by middle of the braces (6). For structural reasons of sliding of the composite section of the plates (9 and 12) by the effect of shear flow when the structure is flexed (flex slab), the grilles (19) are interrupted at reach the supports of the structure (8 and 16), in approximately one fifth of the reach length from the support. The structure (8 and 16) thus comprises longer braces (21) for the resumption of shear.

This interruption of the grids (19) allows Resist shear stress well with joints (22) calculated for this purpose, which mechanically fix the set of plates (9 and 12) and the brace (21) without diminishing the function acoustics of the structure (8 and 16). Indeed, near the walls, the sounds are already partially attenuated by their reverberation over the slab-wall angle. The source of noise is substantially weaker compared to the center of the slab.

The noise structure (23) in a fourth way of embodiment represented in Figures 9 and 10 is substantially  analogous to the anti-noise structure (16) of the third mode of embodiment described above. When these structures acoustic absorbers already described above are used as slabs, finding rooms or offices on the slab, the structure (23) must have the function of acoustic absorber for the aerial sound at the level of the lower ceiling, plus the function of solid noise absorber (impact noise such as heels, etc.) at ground level or upper floor.

The physics of solid sounds shows that to absorb this impact noise, a mass-spring-mass type system, As for low air frequencies. In this case, the concept of the structure will evolve favorably towards the mix wood-concrete or even heavy wood-material, for example of the type of clay brick, plaster, lime-based materials or even others. For example, a layer of concrete (24) is poured onto the plate wood (14) in solidarity with the back of the structure (2. 3). This concrete is thus placed as a floating layer (24) on the wooden floor (14), of the protective layer type. This protective concrete layer (24) can constitute a slab for a floor (14) and absorb solid noise.

By way of example only, the width of the back plates (9) is substantially equal to 210 mm and its thickness substantially equal to 58 mm. The wooden floor (14) It has a thickness substantially equal to 22 mm. These very simple structures can be manufactured in modules that have a width that allows manual or mechanized transport. The panel complete is then built by juxtaposition of several modules of constant width base (for example, substantially 1 m of width).

The noise structure (26) in a fifth way of embodiment represented in Figures 11 and 12 is substantially analogous to the anti-noise structure (23) of the room embodiment described above. Each of the plates of the first set of back plates (9) or second set of front plates (12) is constituted by two parts (27 and 28) assembled with each other. These two parts (27 and 28) they can consist of plates glued together or panels agglomerates or equivalents. For the manufacture of structures acoustic correctors, brushed solid plates constitute the most economical raw material. However, the structures can be made with glued plates (duo, wood glued laminar) with plywood panels or panels particles

In a sixth embodiment of the structure noise barrier represented in Figures 13 and 14, this structure (29) is presented in the form of a mixed structural panel wood-concrete. The structure (29) comprises a first set of back plates (9). Plates posterior (9) are parallel to each other and are arranged on their rear edge (3), presenting its longitudinal axis (L) parallel to the Structure plan (29). The back plates (9) are oriented in the direction of the source area, from which they come the sound waves in the direction of the front of the structure (29). The back plates (9) are separated regularly from each other for a first series of free spaces (eleven).

A second set of front plates (12) It is planned parallel to the first set of back plates (9), the front plates (12) being positioned between each one of the back plates (9), which are due to the fact that they are displaced in the direction of the noise source towards the part front of the structure (29). The front plates (12) are regularly separated from each other by a free space (13). The static height of the structure (29) is increased by the displacement.

The back and front plates (9 and 12) they are all separated by braces (6) that ensure a cohesion and a mechanical solidarity of all the plates (9 and 12) with each other, as well as a maintenance of the free spaces (11) in its given width. A connector shear (31) is inserted in a thick notch corresponding practiced by a saw cut in each of the plates of the first set of back plates (9), or even in the acoustic absorbent bands (17), transversely with with respect to its longitudinal axis (L) and in the plane of the structure (29).

For larger reaches of the structure (29), the section may be mixed wood-concrete, with the wood acting on traction and the concrete acting on compression. Therefore, a concrete layer (32) is poured into the spaces free (11) between the back plates (9) to constitute a slab. In this case, the concrete (32) will be placed on the acoustic absorber (17).

For the composite section to be effective, it you will need to interpose the connector (31), which works to resist the shear flow of the composite section. The connector of shear (31) reinforces the cohesion of the wood with the concrete layer (32). The number of these connectors (31) is study according to the shear efforts to be made to fully operate the mixed section wood-concrete. However, it can be used any type of cross connector (31) (metal bar, iron or cross bar, etc.). The shear connector (31) is used near the supports (maximum shear flow) to Slabs in a single section that rest on two supports.

In Figures 15 to 20, six different embodiments of connectors for the sixth embodiment have been shown. The connector of Figure 16 is presented in the form of a thin sheet having an inverted L-folded profile (33). The connector of Figure 17 is in the form of a thin sheet having a profile (34) with a wing in lateral excrescence (35). The connector of Figure 18 is presented in the form of a thin sheet having a T-profile
(36).

The horizontal rib of the L-profile inverted (33) or T (36) or the wing (35) has holes (35a) to allow screwing on the rear edge (3) of the back plates (9). This horizontal rib stiffens the connector plate (33, 34 and 36), which can then accept higher thrusts of the layer concrete (32). This screwing may absorb transverse tensile stresses of the concrete block (32) with respect to the wooden block, more especially in the middle of wingspan.

Perforations (37) have been arranged in the Shear connector plate (31, 33, 34 and 36) for allow concrete and its granules to circulate within these perforations (37) to completely cover the gaps (11) between the back plates (9). After application, the concrete (32) will thus be completely blocked by these connectors (31, 33, 34 and 36) and the union of concrete to the structure  Wood will be perfect with total efficiency.

A seventh embodiment of the structure noise barrier represented in Figure 21 is substantially analogous to the anti-noise structure (29) of the sixth embodiment previously described. In the case of a slab with a structure (38) in two sections that rest on three supports, the efforts on the slab are inverted with traction in the concrete of the layer (32) and with compression in the wood of the back plates and front (9 and 12).

The two shear connectors (39) located on both sides of the support are completed by some Bolted metal threaded stems (41) that absorb the tensile stresses The connectors of Figures 19 and 20 they have perforations (42) to allow anchoring of the threaded stems (41). The threaded rods (41) are located at the level of the free spaces (11) between two back plates (9) and are embedded in the concrete layer (32).

In a last embodiment of the anti-noise structure shown in Figures 22 and 23, this structure (43) recovers a principle substantially analogous to that of the third embodiment. The structure (43) is constructed with a regular alternation of long back plates (9) and the displaced thin plates (44). Between the long back plates (9) and the displaced thin plates (44) there are provided braces (6) that create the separation. The thin plates (44) have a width less than or equal to their thickness with respect to the long back plates (9). The structure (43) is open in a way that allows the sounds to penetrate through the grilles (19) created by the separation of the plates (9 and
44).

Bands of an acoustic absorbent (17) are located on the back and on the rear edges (18) of the displaced thin plates (44). The displacement towards the front of the thin plates (44) is provided so that the bands of an acoustic absorber (17) come to flush with the rear edges (3) of the long rear plates (9). The structure (43) comprises vertically displaced plates or of different widths (44) to create a sound trap trap. Next, the horizontal separation of the plates (9 and 44) that close the grilles (19) creates another level of sound trap. Finally, on the back of the thin plate (44) an insulating band (17) absorbs the sounds that have penetrated the grid
(19).

By way of example only, the width of the back plates (9) is substantially equal to 80 mm and its thickness is substantially equal to 58 mm. The width of the fine shifted plates (44) is substantially equal to 20 mm and its thickness is substantially equal to 58 mm. The braces (6) have a square section substantially equal to 20 mm. The width of The insulating bands (17) is substantially equal to 98 mm and its thickness is substantially equal to 30 mm. The acoustic function of panel will be optimized by varying the four setting parameters following:

-

he plate thickness (44), which provides the first level of absorption, with large grids for low frequencies (plate thickness (44) plus brace thickness (6));

-

he offset of the brace (6) with respect to the upper plate, knowing that for a non-structural corrector the brace (6);

-

the grid width (19), provided by the thickness of the brace (6) or horizontal displacement of the plates; Y

-

he absorbent (17) and its microstructural definition, that is, its density, its exposed surface or even its profile and its own composition

When these four dimensions of this structure, the panel improves in the interval of the casualties frequencies, from 50 Hz to 1,000 Hz. When the four are reduced dimensions of this structure, the panel improves in the range of high frequencies, from 500 Hz to 2,000 Hz. Depending on the construction needs, these four parameters are They will change in one way or another.

The anti-noise structure (46) in a ninth way of embodiment, depicted in Figure 24, is substantially analogous to the anti-noise structure (43) of the eighth mode of embodiment described above. Only two crossbars (47) are inserted parallel to the plane of the structure (46) and perpendicular to the longitudinal axis (L) of the plates (9 and 44) in a notch cut in the edge of each of the plates later (9). The rear edge (18) of all thin plates (44) is placed against the crossbar (47).

This crossbar (47) thus performs a mechanical connection between the long back plates (9) and the thin plates (44), which remain separated with respect to others to create the grids (19), no longer needing the structure (46) the presence of the braces. The bands of an absorbent acoustic (17) come to make up with the rear edges (3) of the long back plates (9), as well as the back surface of the crossbar (47).

The anti-noise structure (48) in a tenth way of embodiment depicted in Figure 25 is substantially analogous to the anti-noise structure (46) of the ninth way of embodiment described above. The thin plates (49) They have a dove-shaped section. The grilles (19) they present in this way a small surface entrance that it leads to a more important underlying volume. The grilles (19) they function as a cavity in depression that absorbs waves better sound

In an eleventh mode of realization of the noise structure, represented in Figure 26, this structure  (51) presents an alternation of wide back plates (9) and of thin plates not displaced in dovetail (49) and three connecting crossbars (47). These crossbars (47) are applied against the rear edges (3) of the wide back plates (9) and thin plates not displaced in dovetail (49), all of them reaching the same level. Among the crossbars (47) are provided two layers of acoustic absorbent (7) of the same thickness that the crossbars (47) and fixed on the rear edges (3) of long back plates (9) and thin plates not dovetail displaced (49).

The anti-noise structure (52) of a twelfth embodiment, represented in Figures 27 and 28, is substantially analogous to the anti-noise structure (43) of the eighth embodiment described above. The songs (53) of the plates (9 and 44) of the alternation of plates that are facing the noise source area are provided with grooved grooves in the longitudinal direction (L). With the singing (53) of the plates (9 and 44) thus worked in a way that is believed a rough surface, high frequencies will be reflected and canceled by telescopic coupling. This absorbent profile (53) of the plates can only be provided on the plate wide posterior (9), the sounds being partially trapped that re-enter the free space (11) of the front of the thin plate (44). These grooves allow to improve the acoustic efficiency of the structure (52).

The thirteenth embodiments and fourteenth fall within the scope of the anti-noise walls to roads, highways, railways and airports. The principle of this acoustic structure can be advantageously adapted to a Acoustic screen for road traffic sound and protection acoustics of the inhabited areas near the transport network motorized.

The first supplementary feature is the durability with respect to the weather, whether by treatments Wood chemicals in autoclave with metal salts (which harms more from an ecological point of view the destruction of panel), be it for a conception that is itself a protection constructive against the weather. The second feature supplementary is to present at the top of the structure a construction that reduces the effect of bouncing noise wave on the upper line of the structure.

The noise structure (54) of the thirteenth embodiment, represented in Figures 29 and 30, comprises a first set of back plates (9). Plates posterior (9) are parallel to each other and are arranged on their rear edge (3), presenting its longitudinal axis (L) parallel to the Structure plan (54). The back plates (9) are oriented in the direction of the source area, from which they come the sound waves in the direction of the front of the structure (54). The back plates (9) are separated regularly from each other for a free space.

A second set of front plates (12) It is planned parallel to the first set of back plates (9), the front plates (12) being positioned between each one of the back plates (9) because they are displaced in the direction of the noise source towards the front of the structure (54). The front plates (12) are separated regularly from each other for a free space (13). The height static structure (54) is thus increased by the displacement.

The back and front plates (9 and 12) they are all separated by braces (6) that ensure a cohesion and a mechanical solidarity of all the plates (9 and 12) with each other, as well as a maintenance of the free spaces with its determined width. The free space between the back plates (9) is fully filled with a acoustic absorbent material (56).

The back and front plates (9 and 12) they are tilted down towards the ground to favor water circulation on the front face of the structure (54), in order to avoid the maximum infiltration of water in the acoustic absorber (56). Water trapped in the absorbent acoustic (56) would increase its density and make it lose its acoustic properties In addition, the iron integrates a negative profile of the type of water drop to make the arrival water fall on the edge at the front of the iron. A few pieces of Sealing (57) are also located on the absorbent material acoustic (56) and come to make up with the rear edges (3) of the backplates not displaced (9).

In a fourteenth embodiment of the anti-noise structure represented in Figures 31 and 32, this structure (58) comprises a set of back plates (9) and a set of plates moved forward (59). The front plates (59) are directly in solidarity with the back plates (9) to form pairs analogously to the parts of the fifth embodiment. A brace (6) is provided between two pairs of back plates (9) and front (59). The free space between the back plates (9) behind the front plates (59) is fully filled with a acoustic absorbent material (56).

To improve absorber performance acoustic of very low frequencies, the structure (58) is set to its support (61) interposing between the support (61) and the structure absorbent an elastomer damping washer (62) that It allows the structure (58) to be compressed against its support (61). These pieces of flexible material are located on the edges rear (3) of the back plates not displaced (9). Be create a system like this dough-spring-dough that works like a resonator of Helmotz. Fixing this structural panel on some elastomeric supports (62) or absorbent rubber, structure (58) it can deform by crushing its supports and thus absorb the losses frequencies

On the back of the acoustic screen (58) a water tightness will develop over the entire surface to protect the absorbent (56). This protection may be tarred paper, polyethylene film (polymer thermoplastic), sheet metal, or others. Particular attention will be given to the connection of the sealing bands so that these joints They are also waterproof.

A roof (63) is located on the structure (58). For reasons of effectiveness on the wave effect, this roof (63) has a cantilever projection with respect to the face Exposed structure (58). This has the effect of returning the wave of sound waves into the road, instead of Let it bounce on the crest of the structure (58). For fragment this wave and break its potential energy, this roof (63) develops a horizontal profile in broken line, which has as consequence that the wave is broken in each positive or negative edge of the broken horizontal line.

An example of a very effective roof is disclosed in document FR 2,813,904. The example of this roof (63) may be replaced by other variants of roofs, in sheet metal, in glass or plexiglass or even with other performance materials equivalent.

This roof (63) is maintained by means of a stabilization arm (64) and is adjustable in inclination in function of the width of this arm (64). The length and the Tilt of this wooden roof (63) are regulated on the base of criteria such as protection against face rain front of the structure (58), the return of the wave of waves loud sounds on the road (more open in the case of very confined roads and more closed for flat reliefs), and the architectural desire for integration in the place itself.

The acoustic screen also works without ceiling, but its effectiveness is then inferior and the same goes for its durability, even with construction woods treated in autoclave with chemical treatment in the dough.

The present invention is not limited to embodiments described and illustrated. Can be done numerous modifications without departing from the defined framework for the scope of the set of claims.

The different embodiments described previously they can be combined to create anti-noise structures still different.

Claims (18)

1. Structure, which defines a plane (P), intended for the absorption or acoustic correction of sound waves, in the range of audible frequencies between 50 Hz and 10 kHz, which come from a source area of sound waves (S), comprising a set of plates (2), parallel to each other, arranged at the edge (3), with its longitudinal axis (L) parallel to the plane (P) of the structure (1) and oriented in the direction of the source area (S ), characterized because the plates (2) are made of wood and are separated from each other by a free space (4), because the free spaces (4) form some captive grids of the sound waves and remain with their width determined by means of a set of elements of wood separation (6), making a solidarity between said plates (2), and because said plates (2) and the elements of separation (6) are assembled in order to form a system semi-rigid, being able to vibrate each plate (2) and each element of separation (6) by themselves. 2. Structure according to claim 1, characterized in that the set of separation elements comprises a set of braces (6), each of the braces (6) being wedged in the free space (4) between each of the plates (2) ), the braces (6) having a length shorter than said plates (2). 3. Structure according to claim 1, characterized in that the set of separation elements comprises one or more crossbars (47) inserted in each of the plates (9) of the plate set, parallel to the plane of the structure (46), and perpendicular to the longitudinal axis (L) of the plates (9, 44). 4. Structure according to claim 2 or 3, characterized in that it comprises an acoustic absorbent layer (7) located parallel to the plane (P) of the structure (1) on the edges (3) opposite the source area (S) of the assembly of plates (2). 5. Structure according to one of claims 2 to 4, characterized in that some of the plates (12) are displaced with respect to other plates not displaced (9) of the set of plates, arranged alternately according to a regular motif, perpendicular to the plane of the structure (8) and in the direction of the source area. 6. Structure according to claim 5, characterized in that it comprises acoustic absorbent bands (17) located parallel to the plane of the structure (16) on the edges opposite the source area (18) of the displaced plates (12) and between the plates not displaced (9) of the set of plates. 7. Structure according to claim 6, characterized in that it comprises a wooden panel (14) located parallel to the plane of the structure (8) on the edges (3) opposite the source area of the set of plates (9), and because it comprises a protective concrete layer (24) located on the wooden panel (14). Structure according to claim 5 or 6, characterized in that it comprises at least one supplementary connector (31) inserted in the non-displaced plates (9) of the set of plates parallel to the plane of the structure (29) and perpendicular to the longitudinal axis (L ) of the plates (9). 9. Structure according to claim 8, characterized in that it comprises at least one bar (41) that mechanically joins at least two connectors (39), located parallel to the plane of the structure (38) and parallel to the longitudinal axis (L) between the plates not displaced (9) from the set of plates. 10. Structure according to one of claims 6 to 9, characterized in that it comprises a layer of concrete (32) cast on the acoustic absorbent bands (17) positioned parallel to the plane of the structure (29) and between the non-displaced plates (9 ) of the set of plates. Structure according to one of claims 5 to 10, characterized in that the displaced plates are arranged so that the acoustic absorbent bands (17) positioned parallel to the plane of the structure on the edges opposite the source area (18) of the displaced plates (44) and between the plates not displaced (9) of the set of plates come to flush with the edges opposite the source area (3) of the plates not displaced (9) of the set of plates. 12. Structure according to claim 11, characterized in that some sealing pieces (57) are located on the acoustic absorbent bands (56) and are flush with the edges opposite the source area (3) of the non-displaced plates (9) ) of the set of plates. 13. Structure according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that damping parts (62) made of a flexible material are located on the edges opposite the source area (3) of the non-displaced plates (9) of the set of plates. 14. Structure according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that some of the plates (44), arranged alternatively according to a regular motif, have a width less than or equal to their thickness with respect to other plates (9) of the set of plates . 15. Structure according to claim 14, characterized in that the plates with width less than or equal to their thickness have a section in the form of a dovetail (49). 16. Structure according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the edges, which face the source area (53) of the plates (9, 44) of the set of plates, are ribbed. 17. Structure according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the plates of the set of plates are constituted from at least two parts (27, 28, 59), and that the parts (27, 28, 59) of the plates are assembled in a displaced manner with respect to each other in the direction of the source area. 18. Structure according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the plates (9, 12) of the set of plates have an inclination and because they are oriented towards the ground like a turntable and to evacuate the rainwater, in the case of using the structure as a noise barrier (58) exposed to the weather outside.