ES2273527B1 - CARBON ANHYDRIDE EVACUATION SYSTEM IN ISOBARIC CHAMBERS, SUBMARINES, BATISCAFOS AND OTHER SUBMERSIBLE VEHICLES, WITH ANAEROBIA PROPULSION. - Google Patents

Abstract

Evacuation system of carbon dioxide in isobaric chambers, submarines, bathyscaphs and other submersible vehicles, with anaerobic propulsion. The invention consists of a system that allows the CO2 produced in the processing of fuel to be dissolved in low-pressure seawater, both in isobaric chambers and in bathyscaphs, submarines, and other submersible vehicles with anaerobic propulsion, the dissolution being carried out in a static mixer of a dissolution circuit (20) and the subsequent expulsion of the solution through a volumetric type energy recuperator, to reduce energy consumption, consisting of two accumulators (18 and 19) for temporary storage of raw water and the solution, a pump (5), and a pair of slide valves (1 and 1``), symmetrical, to which a movable rod (13) belongs, which closes and opens different chambers established in those valves (1 and 1 '') to carry out, in combination with a drive cylinder (15), the passage to one or the other of the accumulators (18 or 19) and the passage through the dissolution circuit (20) as well as the expulsion of the so Outdoor solution.

Description

Carbon dioxide anhydride evacuation system in isobaric chambers, submarines, bathyscaphs and other vehicles submersible, with anaerobic propulsion.

Object of the invention

The present invention relates to a system of  evacuation of carbon dioxide (CO2) in chambers isobaric, underwater, bathyscaphic and other submersible vehicles, being of special application in those submersible vehicles with air independent propulsion, that is, with propulsion anaerobic

The object of the invention is to achieve a CO2 evacuation discreetly and with low consumption energy, with great efficiency and reliability of operation, what which results in a reduction of maintenance needs and of the space available for the system inside the vehicle, as well as the weights to consider.

Background of the invention

Since the invention of the submarine and the construction of the first submersible vehicles, the research to find procedures that allowed prolong the time that they could remain submerged in discreetly, in depth, with some ability to displacement and without the need for snorkeling.

The use of larger batteries and Efficient, to increase immersion time, allow only A small improvement, for the weight and volume to consider.

The first attempts at propulsion independent of the air, they were in the direction of avoiding the flue gas production, which should be eliminated. For which we thought about the combustion of O2 and H2, which produced as the only water residue.

For this it was necessary to keep the oxidizer and fuel in submarines, oxygen tanks and hydrogen at low temperature and high pressure, hydrogen peroxide (hydrogen peroxide), such as oxygen storage, etc.

In the first half of the twentieth century, until the World War II, were built in the former Union Soviet and in Germany, several series of submarines that used these technologies However, the danger of handling hydrogen resulted in various accidents that caused abandon This research address.

Advances in the field of nuclear energy that occurred after World War II, they allowed countries like the US, USSR, China, England and France, will successfully build various series of submarines of nuclear propulsion, which solved far beyond what ever he thought about the problem of prolonged immersion, going beyond the level of hours, which was achieved with batteries, at the level of months that It reached with nuclear propulsion.

The appearance of the nuclear submarine, made abandon investigations of the independent propulsion of the air, until the end of the 80s of the last century.

The construction costs of submarines nuclear, the special facilities needs of port maintenance, the need to have bases around the world, etc., made this technology unfeasible for applications that were not exclusively those of submarines of attack with nuclear or conventional weapons. The applications military surveillance, and non-military investigation scientific or commercial, playful, etc., were unthinkable to perform With this technology for its high costs.

Accidents at nuclear power plants of electric power production, and the geopolitical changes that are produced in the late 80s, resulted in a great public awareness raising against applications of nuclear energy, which forced among other activities to reconsider and re-launch technology research air independent propulsion for vehicles submersible

Most of the existing submarines They have diesel-electric propulsion. When they are in surface or operation with snorkeling. This propulsion is used to move the vehicle and recharge the batteries, the submerged displacement on the batteries, which limits the dive time to a few hours, due to their weight and space.

More than forty countries had in their fleets in the year 2002, submarines with drive diesel-electric, which had been manufactured in the United Kingdom, in France, Holland, Sweden, Germany, or Russia. But the era of these submarines is almost over, since the modern  detection systems being able to locate almost any type of physical or chemical signal, make them ineffective.

Submarines with non-nuclear propulsion that currently they are built they usually carry some kind of propulsion air independent.

A criterion that is trying to be applied in some fleets, is the reconditioning of existing submarines,  adding a section containing the independent propulsion from air. In the 90s of the last century they have developed various propulsion systems based all of them on transport the oxygen stored in liquid form, being cited as more Highlights: diesel engine running in closed cycle, turbines, Stirling engine and fuel cells.

Except in the case of the fuel cell, where H2-based technologies are being developed again, in  all other cases and in those of fuel cell with reformer, the exhaust gases consist of water and carbon dioxide, which is necessary to evacuate abroad.

In turbines and stirling engines, the Exhaust gas outlet pressure is higher than the external pressure due to immersion depth, and gases Exhaust are expelled directly outside once chilled

In cases of closed cycle diesel engine and of fuel reformer for hydrogen production that will consume the cell, the exhaust pressures are low and that is why both necessary to pressurize and / or dissolve gases to expel them To the exterior.

There are several systems on the market for removal of CO2 by dissolution in the surrounding seawater Submersible

One of the characteristics that these have systems, is the pressure of the dissolution system, which in the case if it is the water that surrounds the submarine, it will depend on the depth to which this is.

The energy consumption is the compression of the CO2 and that of the raw water booster pumps, which supply the load losses of the dissolution circuit, so that this consumption can become important, when the submersible is found at great depth, with the inconvenience of not being practice using the raw water circuit to thermal exchanges, due precisely to the pressures managed.

In the event that the circuit pressure of dissolution be independent of the immersion depth of the submersible, then some procedure of energy recovery to not completely lose energy from raw water inlet pressure, and that booster pumps have that only bring the load losses of the dissolution circuit, and losses due to recovery system performance.

The advantage of these systems is to have inside the submarine a large flow of water at low pressure that can be used in heat exchanges.

Regarding procedures for dissolution of CO2 gas in seawater, one of the most used is the of absorption, so that in this procedure it is put in gas contact with water over a large area, to facilitate the transference. For this the water is dispersed in fine drops in the top of a container that contains a fibrous mass of large area per unit volume, so that the gas is enter through the bottom of the container so that it rises and cross the fibrous mass countercurrently with the liquid, removing the solution from the bottom of the container and the undissolved gas can be injected back into the circuit.

This system is only practical in low pressure, by the thicknesses of the walls of the container necessary  to handle high pressures, with relatively diameters important.

Other dissolution procedures use static mixers, which have a cylindrical tube in the interior of which a set of plates are properly mounted, in order to create a great turbulence in the fluid that go through

This type of system, which has been subject to various patents, it has been used for several years in the  Chemical industry for mixing, dissolving or reacting fluids: gases-gases, liquids-liquids and liquid gases.

The advantage of this type of system, compared to  absorption reactors, its dimensions are much more reduced, with low head loss and good mixing performance or dissolution, being able to use indistinctly in low or high pressure being of relatively small diameters.

As a patent document, the EP can be cited 0644112 in which an independent propulsion unit is described of air for a submarine, based on a combustion engine Internal closed cycle that can work in two modes operation, in one of which the CO2 contained in the gases exhaust dissolves in high pressure seawater within a absorption unit consisting of a rotating drum and subsequently it is expelled outside the submersible.

Likewise, the document can be cited corresponding to ES Patent 2144669 referring to a device for carbon dioxide removal in submarines through its dissolution in seawater, inside the ship, comprising four pairs of facing holes in and out of water, two of them connected to the high pressure water zone and the other two pairs of holes connected to the water zone at low pressure, allowing this design to introduce and evacuate water With minimal energy expenditure.

Another document is Patent WO 0246034 in the that a procedure for discharge of exhaust gases is described in submarines, without a trace, comprising a channeling through the one that circulates the water that is provided with static mixers, which reduce the bubbles and dissolve the pressurized CO2 in seawater inside the ship, without the need to apply more additional pressure on seawater than the pressure losses of circuit.

Description of the invention

The system object of the invention is based on dissolve the CO2 produced by the fuel processing (combustion or reforming) in low pressure seawater, with independence of the depth of immersion of the vehicle, getting the dissolution in a circuit in which it takes place the injection of CO2 itself into a stream of seawater, upstream of a cylindrical static mixer, with an appropriate diameter and length, to be ejected said dissolution abroad.

The system comprises an energy recuperator volumetric type, consisting of two accumulators connected with high pressure and low pressure chambers, switchable, to allow that the raw sea water that enters the system is passed to through the static mixer of the dissolution circuit for achieve the CO2 solution itself, and that said solution be expelled abroad. The recuperator also comprises two slide valves with a common axial rod for both.

At the entrance of the system, a pressure chamber, determining on each side of it two chambers one of high pressure and another of low pressure, both being switchable according to the process of filling-emptying of the accumulators and the recirculation of the CO2 solution through one or the other of such accumulators, which are equally switchable in their function of recirculation of the solution and in its function of expulsion of the solution abroad.

At the exit of the system, it has been planned provision of cameras, with the particularity that in such output a static high pressure and low pressure pump is included differential (booster pump), designed for maximum pressure of the output circuit, with minimal energy consumption, with means that allow to perform a multiple function, which is the one of compensate the load losses of the recovery system of energy, as well as adapting the circulating flow to the needs of  dissolution of CO2, depending on the amount of gas that is produce It is also used to eliminate the water hammer in the cutting of raw water flow into the system, when performed switching between accumulators.

In the aforementioned chambers a rod plays movable with shutters that allow, according to the position of the stem, the entry of raw sea water, to one or the other accumulator, or close the input and output chambers, or close and / or open the other chambers to allow recirculation of dissolution through an accumulator and the expulsion of solution contained in the other accumulator, by pushing the inlet of pressurized raw water to that accumulator, etc. Saying stem with its shutters and the chambers form the two valves of slide, which are driven by an intermediate cylinder assisted by two valves, one at each end, to drive a side or other the stem and make the camera shutters established in the slide valves are placed in the position suitable to allow the sequential performance and functionality of the system.

In said sequential functionality, when a accumulator is filling with raw water, the corresponding shutter piston of such accumulator, in its displacement, drives the liquid (solution obtained in the previous cycle), which found on the other side while the raw water contained in the another accumulator is recirculating at low pressure through the dissolution circuit, to achieve dissolution.

The intermediate drive circuit of the slide valves have a piston that can move to on either side, according to the entry of liquid by one or other end, so that extreme displacements of such piston will correspond to the extreme displacements of the rod of the slide valves, those two positions corresponding to those of system work while positions intermediates are only passing or transitory to perform the switching sequence between the accumulators, without the high pressure never reach the low pressure where the dissolution, with the particularity that the dissolution process it is not interrupted during the switching maneuver, in which there are a brief moment in which the two accumulators are in parallel, at low pressure, water recirculating through the system or circuit dissolution.

Once the raw water filling is finished of the accumulator that is in that phase of the cycle, it is switched the slide valve to the other extreme position, which changes the function of the accumulators so that the one that was filled with water gross in the previous half cycle communicates with the circuit of dissolution, and the other accumulator communicates with the system of filling and expulsion.

The switching of the stem positions of The slide valves are done in a few tenths of a second, but the shutters are sized and spaced so that the closing and opening sequence is carried out, ensuring that Never put the high and low pressure circuit in communication, as well as the operation of the dissolution circuit is perform continuously.

Another feature of novelty is that about throttling of the slide valves are planned means (for example, a ring), for the injection of filtered water under pressure, when the throttle is closed, preventing passage of organic and inorganic materials in suspension.

For its part, the dissolution circuit includes the aforementioned static mixer, to which water accesses gross from the respective accumulator, after passing through a optional heat exchanger, existing in the duct access to the mixer a recirculation pump and between it and the static mixer itself a diffuser through which it is injected the CO_ {2} of the process. At the exit of the mixer it is planned a tank with water, such as a gas trap, in which they are stored bubbles that hypothetically have not dissolved, increasing the circuit pressure and therefore the solubility.

A bilge container is also planned of leftover water from the referred tank and an ejection pump said bilge water outside.

The dissolution circuit also has means that allow the transfer of stored gas (CO2) in the tank, to the suction of the recirculation pump, for its I pass through the mixer again.

Based on the characteristics of the system referred to, you can get a number of advantages among which You can cite the following:

- The use of slide valves to perform the switching sequences, with their common stem, minimizes switching time, cavitation risks, mechanical fatigue and water hammer.

- The use of a high pressure pump static and low differential pressure, at the output of the circuit dissolution, with variable speed drive, allows compensate for load losses and performance losses of recuperator.

- The extreme low pressure chambers of the slide valves, reduce the chances of leakage through of the mechanical seals of the stem corresponding to the valves Sliding

- The injection of filtered water under pressure, in correspondence with the throttling of the valves of sliding, prevents the entry of organic and inorganic materials in suspension, on the sealing surfaces of said bottlenecks with the shutters and the rod.

Brief description of the drawings

To complement the description that then it will be done and in order to help a better understanding of the features of the invention, accompanies the present descriptive memory a set of drawings based on the which innovations and advantages will be more easily understood of the CO2 evacuation system object of the invention.

Figure 1.- Shows a representation corresponding to the general scheme of the system of the invention.

Figure 2.- Shows the scheme corresponding to  dissolution circuit that is part of the system of the invention.

Figures 3 to 10.- They show as many schemes corresponding to the different positions according to  the operating sequences of the system of the invention.

Figure 11.- Shows the corresponding scheme to the hydraulic drive of the system of the invention.

Description of the preferred embodiment

In view of the commented figures, and doing  reference specifically to figure 1, it can be seen how the system of the invention comprises two slide valves 1 and 1 ' which are equal and symmetrical, each of them comprising five chambers, a central 2 or 2 ', which are high pressure and are in communication with the 3 or 3 'raw sea water inlet duct or CO2 dissolution outlet, as will be discussed more forward, incorporating the inlet conduit 3 a valve main 4 for pressurized water inlet, while the 3 'solution outlet duct has a valve safety 6 and a booster pump 5 whose functionality will be exposed subsequently.

In addition to the 2 and 2 'high pressure chambers centrally established on slide valves 1 and 1 ', each one of these includes a pair of cameras 7 and 7 ', which can be high or low pressure, as well as a pair of extreme chambers 8 and 8 'which are low pressure.

Such chambers of each 1 or 1 'sliding valve they are delimited by respective strangulations 9 or 9 ', in the which one of the shutters is capable of positioning 10-11-12 or 10'-11'-12 ', to allow the communication or separation between one or the other of the cameras referrals These throttles 9 and 9 'are provided with injection of water filtered under pressure to prevent the entrainment of materials organic and inorganic solids suspended in the raw water. Such shutters 10-11-12 and 10'-11'-12 'belong to a stem axial and common 13 to which a piston 14 corresponding to a hydraulic and intermediate cylindrical 15 with two valves 16 and 17 provided on either side of piston 14, through whose valves 16 and 17 can penetrate water, according to the sequence system operation, to move in one or the other direction to the piston 14 and therefore axially move towards a side or other the stem 13, realizing the communication and incommunication of the chambers with individual accumulators 18 and 19 and with the dissolution circuit 20.

Accumulators 18 and 19 in combination with 1 and 1 'slide valves and dissolution circuit 20 of CO_ {2} that also incorporates the system, provides innovative contributions in the dissolution of CO2 in vehicles submersibles with air independent propulsion.

Accumulators 18 and 19 are equipped with a piston 21, which establishes two independent chambers 22 and 23 in each one of them.

The accumulator 18 at one end communicates with the chamber 7 that is located to the right of the chamber 2 of the sliding valve 1, and at the other end communicates with the chamber 7 'to the right of the chamber 2' of the slide valve 1 ', while the accumulator 19 communicates at one end with the chamber 7 to the left of chamber 2 of the valve slide 1 and at the other end communicates with the camera 7 ' located to the left of the chamber 2 'of the slide valve one'.

Stem 13 as it passes through valves 1 and 1 ' and by the hydraulic cylinder 15, it is complemented by corresponding mechanical seals 24.

According to the position of the stem 13 of the  valves 1 and 1 ', the pressure chamber 2 inlet and the chamber of 2 'outlet pressure, can communicate with one or the other of the 7 or 7 'chambers, to determine the passage to one or another accumulator 18 or 19 of raw sea water entering through conduit 3 and, of course, of the solution that is obtained in the circuit of solution 20, for exit abroad.

According to the characteristics mentioned, the two chambers 7 of the slide valve 1 are high pressure during filling of accumulators 18 or 19, or low pressure during recirculation for the dissolution of CO2, the same occurs with the 7 'chambers of the slide valve 1 ', while the 8 or 8' chambers of the aforementioned valves Sliding 1 and 1 'are low pressure for water recirculation Gross seawater stored in accumulators 18 or 19 for dissolution of CO2.

As for the stem 13 of the valve sliding 1 and 1 ', it has already been said that it has some highlights 11-12 and 11'-12 'that determine short shutters to isolate accumulators 18 or 19 in which raw water is recirculating for dissolution, of the chambers that are in high pressure, while the highlight 10 or 10 '  it constitutes a long shutter by which the accumulator to fill and accumulator to recirculate, highlight or long shutter 10 than in the switching sequence of a accumulator to another performs isolation between both of them transient, with respect to the high pressure circuit.

As for the drive cylinder 15 of the shank, it is planned so that in the periods in which it is not it is necessary to use the system to keep the stem 13 in fixed position, usually at the center point, to isolate the High pressure chamber of the rest of the circuits.

According to the differential pressure in the valves 16 and 17 of the said drive cylinder 15, the piston 14 of this will move from one end to another and therefore the stem 13, resulting in the two extreme positions of displacement correspond to work positions, while that intermediate positions are only passing, to perform the switching sequence between accumulators 18 and 19, without that the high pressure never reaches the low pressure where it is performed dissolution The dissolution process is not interrupted during switching maneuver, in which there is a brief moment, when the stem 13 occupies the central position, in which the two accumulators 18 and 19 are in parallel, at low pressure and water recirculating through dissolution circuit 20.

As soon as the pump 5 provided at the exit of the dissolution circuit, is a high pressure booster pump static and low differential pumping pressure, with consumption minimum energy, being its multiple function since on the one hand responsible for compensating the load losses of the system energy recovery, and on the other allows to carry out a speed regulation to adapt the circulating flow to the CO2 dissolution needs, depending on the amount of gas produced. Also, said pump is used to eliminate water hammer in the cutting of the raw input water flow to the system, when switching between accumulators, of so that lowering the speed reduces the flow of circulation, when switching is going to take place. The elimination Water hammer is one of the great advantages, since apart from circuit protection, eliminates noise would accompany, reducing the chances of detection when the System is used in submarines.

For their part, the respective pistons 21 of the  accumulators 18 and 19 constitute mobile separators in these, whose mission is to separate the raw water from the solution and transmit the raw water pressure to the solution in phase of expulsion, from left to right, so that in the phase of dissolution pushes the raw water from right to left, making circulating through dissolution circuit 20.

Although the pistons 21 are not essential, its use improves the operation of the system, reducing the diffusion of CO2 from the solution in raw water, allowing the installation of accumulator cylinders in any position, since be vertical, horizontal or inclined. The closure of the pistons 21 inside the cylinders 18 and 19, it does not need to be airtight, thereby allowing a small leak that acts as lubricant, in order to reduce as much as possible the losses of friction pressure thereof against the inner surface of the cylinder.

As for the dissolution circuit 20 shown in general in Figure 2, it optionally comprises a heat exchanger 25, so that the raw water at low pressure, coming from the accumulator 18 or 19 that is being recirculated, arrives at the said dissolution circuit 20 by first passing through the optional heat exchanger 25, then meeting the recirculation pump 26, following which a diffuser 27 is provided through which the CO2 is injected, before reaching a static mixer 28 , which is crossed by the mixture of raw water and CO2 bubbles, to carry out the dissolution, with the particularity that at the exit of said static mixer 28 a reservoir 29 with water, constituting a trap, is provided of gases that will store the bubbles that hypothetically have not dissolved, increasing the pressure of the circuit and therefore the solubility, the water being stored in this tank 29 that has been able to escape from the high pressure side, to the low pressure side of the circuits, all in such a way that when the water level in that tank 29 exceeds a certain value, the stored water is transferred to a bilge container or pot 30, after actuating a valve 31, and when said container or well 30 reaches a certain level of water, a pump 32, of high height and low flow, expels that excess water to the outlet circuit, as clearly represented in the
figure 2.

When the pressure of the dissolution circuit 20 exceeds a preset value, the CO2 that is stored in the upper part, that is, above water, of tank 29, to through a valve 33 it is driven towards the aspiration of the recirculation pump 26, passing through the mixer again static, there is a reinjection of CO2 in the form of venturi 34 and a valve 35. The differential pressure of the pump recirculation 26 is sufficient to perform the switching of the stem 13 of slide valve 1 and 1 '.

According to the characteristics mentioned, the  operating sequence, based on figures 3 to 10 It is even as follows:

Figures 3 and 4 correspond to the scheme of system in working position, where the stem 13 is in  these figures in both extreme positions, in one case shifted fully to the right, and otherwise shifted totally to the left. Next to each of those figures 3 to 10 the legend corresponding to the indications of raw water under pressure; raw water without pressure; solution under pressure and solution without pressure. Likewise, the arrows drawn on the accumulators, pipes and circuit dissolution, indicate the direction of circulation of the fluids.

Starting from the working position of the figure 3, it can be seen how the raw water accessed through the pressure inlet conduit 3, reaches the accumulator 18, by the left side, finding the right solution obtained in the previous half cycle, solution that is put under pressure by the corresponding piston or spacer 21 (see figure 1), adding the necessary pressure for expulsion by means of pump 5. While this operation is being performed on the accumulator 18, in accumulator 19, which has the left part filled with raw water, this water is being recirculated through the dissolution circuit 20, returning to the right side of the accumulator  with the CO2 dissolved. This operation is performed at low pressure, which is the minimum necessary to obtain the dissolution of the CO2 in the static mixer, depending on the temperature and of salt concentration.

That is, from the right side of the accumulator 18 the water solution comes out with the CO2 that dissolved in the previous simicycle, passing through the 1 'slide valve and being externally driven by pump 5. Simultaneously, from the left side of accumulator 19, raw water is coming out with that was loaded in the previous half cycle, and whose water goes to the part of the left of the dissolution circuit 20, leaving on the right of this with the CO2 dissolved, passing through the valve sliding 1 'and returning to the right side of the accumulator 19.

This process continues until the corresponding shutter of the accumulator 18, which is in the process of filling with raw water and emptying the solution, it reaches the top of his career, giving at that moment the commutation order.

Figure 11 shows a small scheme of hydraulic drive in which you can see how a two-way, four-way solenoid valve 36, connect the side high pressure recirculation pump 26, on one side of the drive piston 14, and the low pressure side (suction) of said pump 26 on the other side of the commented piston 14, in the working position corresponding to figure 3 commented above. The high pressure side is connected to the right and the low pressure to the left, so the piston 14 is completely on the left. The time that the valve remains in that position is a function of the useful volume of the accumulator and pump flow 26.

At the end of the operation corresponding to the position of figure 3, the inputs to the cylinder of the drive 15, filling the right part and emptying The one of the left. The switching time is a few tenths second, at which time the stem 13 passes through the positions of figures 5, 6, 7 and reaches the position of figure 4 which is the Another work position.

The position corresponding to figure 5 shows how the stem 13 has moved so that the shutters reach a position in which they determine that by the accumulator 18 does not circulate fluid, while the end of the water of the accumulator 19 continues to be recirculated by the dissolution circuit 20 of CO2. This figure also shows how the high pressure circuits in both 1 and 1 'slide valves, the low pressure zone being isolated from the high pressure zone.

In the position corresponding to Figure 6, also transitory, the stem 13 has moved and now occupies a central position, closing the inlet ducts 3 and of 3 'high pressure outlet, while the end chambers are communicated with each other, so that the two accumulators 18 and 19 are found in parallel and water recirculation is occurring gross of both accumulators, through dissolution circuit 20 of CO2.

The position, also transitory, corresponding to figure 7, shows how the stem is displaced occupying a symmetrical position in relation to the position of figure 5, establishing the insulation of the accumulator 19 with respect to dissolution circuit 20 of CO 2.

In the other work position shown in the Figure 4, the displacement of the stem 13 is in the other extreme position, having opened the communication of the accumulator 19 with high pressure circuits, accumulator found filled with the solution that was made in the position of figure 3, and where the raw seawater under pressure begins to enter the left side of said accumulator 19 while of the part of on the right the solution goes outwards through the pump 5. Meanwhile, in the accumulator 18 the recirculation of raw water through the system or circuit of solution 20 that had started in the corresponding position to the previous figure, all in a way that when the accumulator shutter 19 that is filling with raw water, reaches the right position, the switching order is given, switching the control valve of the drive cylinder 15 and injecting in this cylinder the high pressure of the pump recirculation 26 on the left side and lowered on the side right, moving the stem 13 to pass through the positions transients corresponding to figures 8, 9 and 10, up to Regain the initial position of Figure 3, so similar to that described in the movement to the other side.

Finally, say that about chokes 9 and 9 'of slide valves 1 and 1', are have provided means that may be constituted in each case by a ring, for the injection of filtered water under pressure, when the throttling is closed by the respective shutter. Bliss injection of filtered water under pressure prevents the entry of materials in suspension, on the sealing surfaces of such 9 and 9 'bottlenecks.

Claims (11)

1. Evacuation system of carbon dioxide in isobaric chambers, submarines, bathyscaphs and other submersible vehicles, with anaerobic propulsion, characterized in that it consists in dissolving in carbon water at low pressure, regardless of the depth of immersion, carbon dioxide CO2 } produced in the processing of the fuel, the dissolution being carried out by injection of the CO2 in a stream of seawater that is passed through a static mixer as a basic element of a dissolution circuit (20) in communication with chambers established in a pair of slide valves (1 and 1 '), one of raw sea water inlet and another of the solution outlet, also including a volumetric type energy recuperator (18 and 19), to take advantage of the energy of incoming water pressure, also connected between other switchable chambers of high and low pressure, belonging to the slide valves (1 and 1 '), mediant and whose accumulators (18 and 19) establish the exit of the CO2 solution to the outside and / or the recirculation of the raw sea water through the dissolution circuit (20) to achieve the dissolution of the CO2 . 2. Evacuation system of carbon dioxide in isobaric, underwater, bathyscaphic chambers and other submersible vehicles, with anaerobic propulsion, according to claim 1, characterized in that a pump is provided in the outflow passage (3 ') of the solution. (5) high static pressure and low differential pumping pressure with variable speed drive, to compensate for load losses and losses due to recuperator performance, as well as to adapt the circulating flow and pumping height to the dissolution needs of CO_ {2}, and to eliminate the water hammer in the cut of the raw water flow entering the system through the duct (3), when switching between the accumulators (18 and 19). 3. Evacuation system of carbon dioxide in isobaric, underwater, bathyscaphic chambers and other submersible vehicles, with anaerobic propulsion, according to previous claims, characterized in that the switching sequence is carried out by means of the two slide valves (1 and 1 '), with a common rod (13), which minimizes switching time, cavitation risks, mechanical fatigue and water hammer. 4. Carbonic anhydride evacuation system in isobaric, underwater, bathyscaphic and other submersible vehicles, with anaerobic propulsion, according to claim 1, characterized in that each of the slide valves (1 and 1 ') includes a high pressure chamber ( 2 and 2 ') in communication with the inlet duct (3) of raw sea water and with the outlet duct (3') of dissolution, respectively, further comprising a pair of collateral chambers (7 and 7 ') to those high pressure chambers (2 and 2 '), capable of being high or low pressure, indistinctly, according to the sequence of operation of the system, also including a pair of extreme low pressure chambers (8 and 8'), with what reduces the chances of leakage through the mechanical seals of the rod (13); having provided that the collateral chambers (7) of the sliding valve (1) and the collateral chambers (7 ') of the sliding valve (1'), are in communication with the accumulators (18 and 19), while the end chambers (8 and 8 ') are in communication with the dissolution circuit (20), with the particular feature that the slide valve (1) is intended to handle the raw sea water that accesses the system while the slide valve ( 1 ') is intended to handle the dissolution of CO2. 5. Evacuation system of carbon dioxide in isobaric, underwater, bathyscaphic chambers and other submersible vehicles, with anaerobic propulsion, according to claim 4, characterized in that the chambers (7-8) and (71-8 ') of the slide valve ( 1 and 1 ') are opened and closed by respective shutters determined by projections (10-11-12) and (10'-11'-12'), provided on an axial and common rod (13), movable to one side and another by actuating a low pressure intermediate hydraulic cylinder (15), in which two inlets are established through corresponding valves (16 and 17) on either side of the respective piston (14) of said cylinder (15) , so that the access of fluid through one or the other inlet or valve (16 or 17) carries with it the thrust and corresponding displacement of the rod (13) to place the shutters of the latter in the convenient position, in accordance with the functional sequence of the system. 6. Evacuation system of carbon dioxide in isobaric, underwater, bathyscaphic chambers and other submersible vehicles, with anaerobic propulsion, according to claims 4 and 5, characterized in that the extreme positions of the rod (13) correspond to those of the system's work situation, while the intermediate positions of said rod (13) correspond to those of transient and switching situation of the valves 1 and 1 'and of the accumulators (18) and (19), to ensure the separation of the high and low pressure. 7. Evacuation system of carbon dioxide in isobaric, underwater, bathyscaphic chambers and other submersible vehicles, with anaerobic propulsion, according to claims 4 to 6, characterized in that the slide valves (1 and 1 ') are symmetrical and are axially balanced in All positions, whether temporary or work. 8. Evacuation system of carbon dioxide in isobaric, underwater, bathyscaphic chambers and other submersible vehicles, with anaerobic propulsion, according to claim 1, characterized in that the dissolution circuit (20), in addition to a static mixer (28), incorporates, with prior to this, a variable speed recirculation pump (26) and a diffuser (27), between said pump (26) and the static mixer (28), for injection of the CO2 to be processed. 9. Evacuation system of carbon dioxide in isobaric, underwater, bathyscaphic chambers and other submersible vehicles, with anaerobic propulsion, according to claim 8, characterized in that a pressure regulator reservoir (29) is provided at the outlet of the static mixer (28) , in which the undissolved CO 2 is stored, said tank (29) having an outlet commanded by a valve (31) to allow the evacuation of water, when a preset value is exceeded, into a container or well bilge (30), equipped with a high-pressure and low-flow pump (32), intermittently operating, for the expulsion of water to the outside, with another exit of that tank (29) being also provided for CO2, counting this outlet with a valve (33) that allows the passage of CO2 when a preset pressure is exceeded, for injected back to the inlet of the recirculation valve (26). 10. Evacuation system of carbon dioxide in isobaric, underwater, bathyscaphic chambers and other submersible vehicles, with anaerobic propulsion, according to claims 8 and 9, characterized in that the dissolution circuit (20) optionally incorporates a low heat exchanger (25) pressure between the outlet of the respective accumulator (18 or 19) and the recirculation pump (26). 11. Evacuation system of carbon dioxide in isobaric, underwater, bathyscaphic chambers and other submersible vehicles, with anaerobic propulsion, according to claim 1, characterized in that in correspondence with the throttles (9 and 9 ') of the slide valves (1 and 1 ') means are included through which, when the throttle is closed, water filtered under pressure is injected to prevent the entry of organic and inorganic materials in suspension into the sealing surfaces of the throttles (9 and 9') of the valve body (1 and 1 ') with shutters (10-11-12) and (10'-11'-12') of the stem (13).