ES2255873B1 - PROCEDURE FOR THE TREATMENT OF CARNACES. - Google Patents
PROCEDURE FOR THE TREATMENT OF CARNACES. Download PDFInfo
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- ES2255873B1 ES2255873B1 ES200403170A ES200403170A ES2255873B1 ES 2255873 B1 ES2255873 B1 ES 2255873B1 ES 200403170 A ES200403170 A ES 200403170A ES 200403170 A ES200403170 A ES 200403170A ES 2255873 B1 ES2255873 B1 ES 2255873B1
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- carnazas
- fat
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- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 25
- 238000011282 treatment Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 10
- 102000004169 proteins and genes Human genes 0.000 claims abstract description 21
- 108090000623 proteins and genes Proteins 0.000 claims abstract description 21
- 239000012460 protein solution Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 10
- 239000007791 liquid phase Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 9
- 239000007790 solid phase Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 5
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 14
- 230000007062 hydrolysis Effects 0.000 claims description 11
- 238000006460 hydrolysis reaction Methods 0.000 claims description 11
- 239000007788 liquid Substances 0.000 claims description 7
- 239000007787 solid Substances 0.000 claims description 7
- 239000012071 phase Substances 0.000 claims description 4
- 239000000725 suspension Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 230000003472 neutralizing effect Effects 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000003925 fat Substances 0.000 description 23
- 239000000047 product Substances 0.000 description 9
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 description 6
- 239000002253 acid Substances 0.000 description 5
- 239000000243 solution Substances 0.000 description 5
- 150000007513 acids Chemical class 0.000 description 4
- 235000013861 fat-free Nutrition 0.000 description 4
- 239000003337 fertilizer Substances 0.000 description 4
- 239000003513 alkali Substances 0.000 description 3
- 239000003153 chemical reaction reagent Substances 0.000 description 3
- 239000012634 fragment Substances 0.000 description 3
- 238000010438 heat treatment Methods 0.000 description 3
- 150000003839 salts Chemical class 0.000 description 3
- MHAJPDPJQMAIIY-UHFFFAOYSA-N Hydrogen peroxide Chemical compound OO MHAJPDPJQMAIIY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- QAOWNCQODCNURD-UHFFFAOYSA-N Sulfuric acid Chemical compound OS(O)(=O)=O QAOWNCQODCNURD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 238000009835 boiling Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000006227 byproduct Substances 0.000 description 2
- 230000003301 hydrolyzing effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 239000010985 leather Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000001590 oxidative effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 230000007065 protein hydrolysis Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000011084 recovery Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000000926 separation method Methods 0.000 description 2
- HEMHJVSKTPXQMS-UHFFFAOYSA-M sodium hydroxide Inorganic materials [OH-].[Na+] HEMHJVSKTPXQMS-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 2
- DGAQECJNVWCQMB-PUAWFVPOSA-M Ilexoside XXIX Chemical compound C[C@@H]1CC[C@@]2(CC[C@@]3(C(=CC[C@H]4[C@]3(CC[C@@H]5[C@@]4(CC[C@@H](C5(C)C)OS(=O)(=O)[O-])C)C)[C@@H]2[C@]1(C)O)C)C(=O)O[C@H]6[C@@H]([C@H]([C@@H]([C@H](O6)CO)O)O)O.[Na+] DGAQECJNVWCQMB-PUAWFVPOSA-M 0.000 description 1
- 238000010793 Steam injection (oil industry) Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000005903 acid hydrolysis reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000002378 acidificating effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000000853 adhesive Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000001070 adhesive effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000005904 alkaline hydrolysis reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- AXCZMVOFGPJBDE-UHFFFAOYSA-L calcium dihydroxide Chemical compound [OH-].[OH-].[Ca+2] AXCZMVOFGPJBDE-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 1
- 239000000920 calcium hydroxide Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910001861 calcium hydroxide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000003638 chemical reducing agent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000003795 chemical substances by application Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000013065 commercial product Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000010908 decantation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000000839 emulsion Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000005188 flotation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000003325 follicular Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000004519 grease Substances 0.000 description 1
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-M hydroxide Chemical compound [OH-] XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 1
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000007935 neutral effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000006386 neutralization reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000005191 phase separation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000002244 precipitate Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000002035 prolonged effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000003531 protein hydrolysate Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000007127 saponification reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000000344 soap Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229960001922 sodium perborate Drugs 0.000 description 1
- PFUVRDFDKPNGAV-UHFFFAOYSA-N sodium peroxide Chemical compound [Na+].[Na+].[O-][O-] PFUVRDFDKPNGAV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- YKLJGMBLPUQQOI-UHFFFAOYSA-M sodium;oxidooxy(oxo)borane Chemical compound [Na+].[O-]OB=O YKLJGMBLPUQQOI-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 1
- 239000003381 stabilizer Substances 0.000 description 1
- -1 sulfuric acid Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 150000003568 thioethers Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 239000002699 waste material Substances 0.000 description 1
Classifications
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C05—FERTILISERS; MANUFACTURE THEREOF
- C05F—ORGANIC FERTILISERS NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C05B, C05C, e.g. FERTILISERS FROM WASTE OR REFUSE
- C05F1/00—Fertilisers made from animal corpses, or parts thereof
- C05F1/005—Fertilisers made from animal corpses, or parts thereof from meat-wastes or from other wastes of animal origin, e.g. skins, hair, hoofs, feathers, blood
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
- C08H—DERIVATIVES OF NATURAL MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS
- C08H1/00—Macromolecular products derived from proteins
- C08H1/06—Macromolecular products derived from proteins derived from horn, hoofs, hair, skin or leather
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C11—ANIMAL OR VEGETABLE OILS, FATS, FATTY SUBSTANCES OR WAXES; FATTY ACIDS THEREFROM; DETERGENTS; CANDLES
- C11B—PRODUCING, e.g. BY PRESSING RAW MATERIALS OR BY EXTRACTION FROM WASTE MATERIALS, REFINING OR PRESERVING FATS, FATTY SUBSTANCES, e.g. LANOLIN, FATTY OILS OR WAXES; ESSENTIAL OILS; PERFUMES
- C11B13/00—Recovery of fats, fatty oils or fatty acids from waste materials
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02A—TECHNOLOGIES FOR ADAPTATION TO CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02A40/00—Adaptation technologies in agriculture, forestry, livestock or agroalimentary production
- Y02A40/10—Adaptation technologies in agriculture, forestry, livestock or agroalimentary production in agriculture
- Y02A40/20—Fertilizers of biological origin, e.g. guano or fertilizers made from animal corpses
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02W—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO WASTEWATER TREATMENT OR WASTE MANAGEMENT
- Y02W30/00—Technologies for solid waste management
- Y02W30/50—Reuse, recycling or recovery technologies
- Y02W30/74—Recovery of fats, fatty oils, fatty acids or other fatty substances, e.g. lanolin or waxes
Landscapes
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Organic Chemistry (AREA)
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
- Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- Materials Engineering (AREA)
- Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
- Medicinal Chemistry (AREA)
- Polymers & Plastics (AREA)
- Biochemistry (AREA)
- Oil, Petroleum & Natural Gas (AREA)
- Wood Science & Technology (AREA)
- Environmental & Geological Engineering (AREA)
- Fertilizers (AREA)
Abstract
Procedimiento para el tratamiento de carnazas. Se caracteriza por el hecho que comprende las etapas de: a) Aportar calor a dichas carnazas para fundir la grasa, b) Separar la fase líquida de la fase sólida de las carnazas procedentes de la etapa a),c) Separar la grasa de dicha fase líquida, d) Hidrolizar la proteína de dicha fase sólida y e) Recuperar la solución de proteína hidrolizada obtenida en la etapa d). Permite recuperar la grasa y la proteína de un modo económicamente viable.Procedure for the treatment of carnazas. It is characterized by the fact that it comprises the steps of: a) Bringing heat to said carnazas to melt the fat, b) Separating the liquid phase from the solid phase of the carnazas coming from stage a), c) Separating the fat from said liquid phase, d) Hydrolyze the protein of said solid phase and e) Recover the hydrolyzed protein solution obtained in step d). It allows to recover fat and protein in an economically viable way.
Description
Procedimiento para el tratamiento de carnazas.Procedure for the treatment of carnazas
La presente invención se refiere a un procedimiento para el tratamiento de carnazas procedentes de la industria del curtido que permite recuperar la grasa y las proteínas contenidas en dichas carnazas.The present invention relates to a procedure for the treatment of carnazas from the tanning industry that allows to recover fat and proteins contained in these carnazas.
Las carnazas son subproductos de la industria
del curtido que se obtienen de la operación de descarnar pieles
frescas o pieles a las que previamente se les ha eliminado el pelo.
Dichos subproductos presentan contenidos elevados de grasa y
proteína susceptibles de ser recuperados y aprovechados en
la
industria.The carnazas are by-products of the tanning industry that are obtained from the operation of shedding fresh skins or skins that have previously had their hair removed. These by-products have high levels of fat and protein that can be recovered and used in the
industry.
Las carnazas en tripa o carnazas procedentes de pieles a las que previamente se les ha eliminado el pelo, tienen un pH alcalino de valor medio aproximado 12, mientras que las carnazas frescas procedentes del descarnado de pieles frescas tienen un pH neutro. El contenido medio en agua, grasa, proteína seca y sales, tanto de las carnazas frescas como de las carnazas en tripa, es del 75%, 12%, 8% y 5%, respectivamente, sobre peso total de carnazas.Gut carnazas or carnazas from skins that have previously had their hair removed, have a Alkaline pH of approximate average value 12, while the carnazas fresh from fresh skin hides have a pH neutral. The average content in water, fat, dry protein and salts, both fresh and gut carnazas, is the 75%, 12%, 8% and 5%, respectively, on total weight of carnazas
Los procedimientos actuales de tratamiento de carnazas consisten en una hidrólisis ácida que se lleva a cabo mediante ebullición prolongada (3-4 horas) de dichas carnazas en una solución de ácidos fuertes, como por ejemplo, ácido sulfúrico, que se añade a concentraciones de entre el 5% y 15% sobre peso total de carnazas en tripa y alrededor del 1% sobre peso total de carnazas frescas. La aportación de calor se realiza habitualmente mediante inyección directa de vapor hasta lograr la ebullición de la masa.Current treatment procedures for carnazas consist of an acid hydrolysis that is carried out by prolonged boiling (3-4 hours) of said carnazas in a solution of strong acids, such as sulfuric acid, which is added at concentrations between 5% and 15% on total weight of gut carnazas and about 1% on Total weight of fresh carnazas. The heat input is done usually by direct steam injection until the boiling the dough.
Tras la hidrólisis, se obtiene una fase líquida que contiene grasa fundida, agua, exceso de ácido, sales y proteínas hidrolizadas.After hydrolysis, a liquid phase is obtained which contains molten fat, water, excess acid, salts and hydrolyzed proteins
La grasa se separa y recupera para emplear en la fabricación de jabones, de productos para el engrase del cuero y para adicionar a piensos para la alimentación de animales.The fat is separated and recovered to be used in the manufacture of soaps, leather greasing products and to add feed for animal feed.
La fracción de fase líquida sin grasa se neutraliza y se desecha, puesto que la concentración de proteína hidrolizada es muy baja, no siendo viable económicamente llevar a cabo un proceso de recuperación de dicha proteína.The fat-free liquid phase fraction is neutralizes and discards, since the protein concentration hydrolyzed is very low, not being economically viable to carry carry out a recovery process of said protein.
Los tratamientos actuales de carnazas presentan el inconveniente de que con ellos sólo es económicamente viable recuperar la grasa, constituyendo, además, la fracción líquida que contiene la proteína, un residuo líquido que debe tratarse para evitar que contamine el medio ambiente.Current carnazas treatments present the drawback that with them is only economically viable recover the fat, constituting, in addition, the liquid fraction that It contains protein, a liquid residue that must be treated to Avoid contaminating the environment.
El objetivo de la presente invención es proporcionar un procedimiento para el tratamiento de carnazas que permite recuperar la grasa y la proteína de un modo económicamente viable.The objective of the present invention is provide a procedure for the treatment of carnazas that allows to recover fat and protein in an economical way viable.
De acuerdo con este objetivo, el procedimiento de la presente invención se caracteriza por el hecho que comprende las siguientes etapas:In accordance with this objective, the procedure of the present invention is characterized by the fact that it comprises the following stages:
a) Aportar calor a dichas carnazas para fundir la grasa,a) Bring heat to these carnazas to melt the fat
b) Separar la fase líquida de la fase sólida de las carnazas procedentes de la etapa a),b) Separate the liquid phase from the solid phase of the carnazas from stage a),
c) Separar la grasa de dicha fase líquida,c) Separate the fat from said liquid phase,
d) Hidrolizar la proteína de dicha fase sólida,d) Hydrolyze the protein of said phase solid
e) Recuperar la solución de proteína hidrolizada obtenida en la etapa d).e) Recover the hydrolyzed protein solution obtained in stage d).
Gracias a estas características, el procedimiento de la presente invención presenta las ventajas que se describen a continuación.Thanks to these characteristics, the The process of the present invention has the advantages that described below.
- \sqbullet\ sqbullet
- Permite recuperar tanto la grasa como la proteína. En efecto, al llevarse a cabo la hidrólisis sobre la fracción sólida sin grasa de dichas carnazas, se obtiene una solución concentrada de proteína hidrolizada con un contenido en materia seca aproximado del 25%, que es valorizada como fertilizante folicular, recurtiente para cuero, estabilizante de emulsiones grasas, fabricación de adhesivos, etc...It allows to recover both the Fat like protein. In effect, when the hydrolysis on the solid fat-free fraction of said carnazas, a concentrated solution of hydrolyzed protein is obtained with a dry matter content of approximately 25%, which is valued as follicular fertilizer, leather retanning agent, stabilizer of fat emulsions, adhesive manufacturing, etc ...
- \sqbullet\ sqbullet
- Es un procedimiento limpio que genera un volumen de residuos muy inferior al generado por los procedimientos del estado de la técnica.It is a clean procedure that generates a volume of waste much lower than that generated by prior art procedures.
- \sqbullet\ sqbullet
- El volumen de reactivos empleados para llevar a cabo la hidrólisis es también muy inferior al empleado en los procedimientos del estado de la técnica, puesto que dicha hidrólisis se lleva a cabo únicamente sobre la fracción sólida sin grasa de dichas carnazas.Reagent volume used to carry out hydrolysis is also much lower to the employee in the prior art procedures, put that said hydrolysis is carried out only on the fraction fat-free solid of these carnazas.
Preferiblemente, antes de la etapa a) se lleva a cabo la etapa de desmenuzar dichas carnazas y ventajosamente, dichas carnazas se desmenuzan en fragmentos de tamaño comprendido entre 2 y 5 cm.Preferably, before step a) it is carried carry out the stage of shredding said carnazas and advantageously, these carnazas crumble into fragments of included size between 2 and 5 cm.
De este modo, el tratamiento térmico posterior que se lleva a cabo en la etapa a) se aplica en condiciones homogéneas a todo el producto. En efecto, al desmenuzar el producto en fragmentos, se evita la presencia de trozos grandes de carnaza cuya grasa interior tardaría mucho en fundir, así como el riesgo de que el aporte excesivo de calor para fundir dicha grasa interior inicie, antes de tiempo, la hidrólisis de las proteínas de dichas carnazas.Thus, the subsequent heat treatment which is carried out in stage a) is applied in conditions homogeneous to the entire product. Indeed, when crumbling the product in fragments, the presence of large pieces of carnaza is avoided whose inner fat would take a long time to melt, as well as the risk of that the excessive supply of heat to melt said internal grease start, early, the hydrolysis of the proteins of these carnazas
También preferiblemente, antes de la etapa a) se lleva a cabo, además, la etapa de añadir agua a dichas carnazas desmenuzadas para obtener una suspensión susceptible de ser bombeada. De este modo, el producto puede transportarse cómodamente por tuberías y el tratamiento térmico puede llevarse a cabo calentando directamente la superficie exterior de dichas tuberías.Also preferably, before stage a) also carries out the step of adding water to said carnazas shredded to obtain a suspension capable of being pumped. In this way, the product can be transported comfortably by pipes and heat treatment can be carried out directly heating the outer surface of said pipelines.
Opcionalmente, después de la etapa e) se lleva a cabo la etapa de neutralizar dicha solución de proteína hidrolizada. De este modo, se obtiene un hidrolizado proteico clarificado que es apto para utilizar como abono o fertilizante foliar para plantas.Optionally, after stage e) it takes carry out the step of neutralizing said protein solution hydrolyzed In this way, a protein hydrolyzate is obtained clarified that it is suitable for use as fertilizer or fertilizer foliar for plants.
Ventajosamente, dicha hidrólisis es alcalina. La hidrólisis con álcalis presenta la ventaja de que puede llevarse a cabo con menos reactivo básico y de que dichos álcalis resultan menos agresivos que los ácidos para los materiales de los equipos empleados en el proceso.Advantageously, said hydrolysis is alkaline. The alkali hydrolysis has the advantage that it can lead to out with less basic reagent and that these alkalis result less aggressive than acids for equipment materials employees in the process.
Por otro lado, hay que tener también en cuenta de que el procedimiento de la presente invención presenta la ventaja, respecto de los procedimientos del estado de la técnica, de que posibilita la aplicación de hidrólisis alcalina incluso en el tratamiento de las carnazas en tripa. En efecto, con los procedimiento actuales, la hidrólisis de las carnazas en tripa debe de ser obligatoriamente ácida, puesto que, al tener éstas un pH alcalino, si se usan reactivos básicos, el exceso de álcali añadido realiza, además de la hidrólisis de las proteínas, la hidrólisis o saponificación de las grasas.On the other hand, we must also take into account that the process of the present invention presents the advantage, regarding the prior art procedures, that allows the application of alkaline hydrolysis even in the treatment of gut carnazas. Indeed, with the Current procedure, the hydrolysis of gut carnazas should of being necessarily acidic, since, having these a pH alkali, if basic reagents are used, excess alkali added performs, in addition to the hydrolysis of proteins, hydrolysis or Saponification of fats.
Ventajosamente, según una realización preferida de la presente invención, por lo menos una fracción del agua añadida a dichas carnazas desmenuzadas es agua recirculada procedente de la fracción líquida obtenida de la etapa c). De este modo, se reutiliza el agua procedente de las carnazas para tratar las mismas carnazas.Advantageously, according to a preferred embodiment of the present invention, at least a fraction of the water added to these shredded carnazas is recirculated water from the liquid fraction obtained from step c). Of this mode, water from the carnazas is reused to treat The same carnazas.
A continuación se describe una realización preferida del procedimiento para el tratamiento de carnazas de la presente invención. En dicha realización, se tratan carnazas en tripa o carnazas a las que previamente se les ha quitado el pelo. Dichas carnazas tienen un pH medio alcalino.An embodiment is described below. preferred method for the treatment of carnazas of the present invention In said embodiment, carnazas are treated in guts or carnazas that have previously had their hair removed. These carnazas have an average alkaline pH.
El proceso se inicia al desmenuzar dichas carnazas en fragmentos de aproximadamente 5 cm de tamaño, mediante una máquina trituradora a base de martillos. A continuación se mezclan en un depósito las carnazas desmenuzadas con agua, en la proporción 1 a 4, obteniendo una suspensión susceptible de ser bombeada.The process begins by shredding these carnazas in fragments of approximately 5 cm in size, by a hammer crushing machine. Then you mix the carnazas crumbled with water in a tank ratio 1 to 4, obtaining a suspension capable of being pumped.
La mezcla de agua y carnazas se hace pasar, utilizando una bomba de engranajes, por una tubería que se calienta externamente con vapor a 60ºC-70ºC. El objetivo de esta fase de aporte de calor es fundir la grasa sin hidrolizar la proteína. Es muy importante, por lo tanto, controlar dicha temperatura para evitar que un exceso de calor inicie, antes de tiempo, la hidrólisis de las proteínas. Para llevar a cabo este control, se usa un termostato y una válvula de vapor.The mixture of water and carnazas is passed, using a gear pump, for a pipe that is heated externally with steam at 60ºC-70ºC. The objective of this phase of heat contribution is to melt the fat without hydrolyzing the protein. It is very important, therefore, to control such temperature to prevent excess heat from starting, before time, the hydrolysis of proteins. To carry out this control, a thermostat and a steam valve are used.
Una vez que la grasa de las carnazas se ha fundido, el producto a tratar presenta una fase líquida constituida básicamente por dicha grasa fundida, agua y sales disueltas, y una fase sólida que contiene esencialmente proteína.Once the fat of the carnazas has been molten, the product to be treated has a liquid phase constituted basically for said molten fat, water and dissolved salts, and a solid phase that essentially contains protein.
El paso siguiente es separar dichas fases líquida y sólida. En la realización que se describe, la separación se lleva a cabo mediante un tambor perforado. El sólido obtenido se escurre mediante una prensa y tornillo bis-sinfín, y la fracción líquida es recogida en un depósito que la mantiene a una temperatura de unos 60ºC para conservar la grasa fundida.The next step is to separate these phases liquid and solid. In the embodiment described, the separation It is carried out by a perforated drum. The solid obtained is drains through a press and screw auger, and the liquid fraction is collected in a deposit that keeps it at a temperature of about 60 ° C to preserve molten fat.
La separación de la grasa se lleva a cabo mediante una decantación por flotación de dicha grasa fundida. Para ello, la fracción líquida procedente de la separación de fases entra continuamente en el citado depósito mediante un tubo dispuesto en su centro que facilita que dicha grasa fundida ascienda a la superficie y que, una vez rebasado el nivel superior del depósito, vierta a un container. El agua libre de grasa se recircula hasta el depósito en el que se lleva a cabo la mezcla de agua y carnazas.Fat separation is carried out by a flotation decantation of said molten fat. For this, the liquid fraction from the phase separation continually enters said tank through a tube arranged at its center that facilitates said molten fat ascend to the surface and that, once exceeded the upper level from the tank, pour into a container. The fat free water is recirculates to the reservoir in which the mixture of water and carnazas.
El sólido escurrido, constituido esencialmente por proteína, se dispone en una caldera de hidrolización donde se le añade entre un 3% y 25% en peso de una mezcla de hidróxido sódico e hidróxido cálcico, y se lleva a ebullición durante unas 4-10 horas.The drained solid, essentially constituted by protein, it is arranged in a hydrolyzing boiler where Adds between 3% and 25% by weight of a hydroxide mixture sodium and calcium hydroxide, and it is boiled for a few 4-10 hours
La hidrólisis finaliza cuando las proteínas se han solubilizado totalmente, obteniéndose una solución de proteína hidrolizada que presenta un porcentaje aproximado de materia seca del 25%.Hydrolysis ends when proteins are have completely solubilized, obtaining a protein solution hydrolyzed that presents an approximate percentage of dry matter of 25%.
En la realización que se describe, dicha solución se neutraliza para adecuar su pH a las necesidades del producto comercial pretendido. Para ello, el producto hidrolizado de la caldera se deja sedimentar durante una noche, y al día siguiente se vierte la solución en un recipiente donde se añaden aproximadamente entre 10 gr y 50 gr por litro de una mezcla de ácidos y productos oxidantes, éstos últimos para eliminar productos reductores como los sulfuros. A continuación, se mezcla bien la solución y se deja enfriar y sedimentar durante una noche. Al día siguiente, se recupera la solución de proteína clarificada de la parte superior de dicho recipiente. El precipitado se filtra para recuperar también la solución de proteína que contiene, obteniéndose un residuo seco que se lleva a vertedero.In the described embodiment, said solution is neutralized to adapt its pH to the needs of the Commercial product intended. For this, the hydrolyzed product from the boiler is allowed to settle for one night, and per day next the solution is poured into a container where they are added approximately between 10 gr and 50 gr per liter of a mixture of acids and oxidizing products, the latter to eliminate products reducers such as sulfides. Then the mixture is mixed well solution and let cool and settle overnight. Up to date next, the clarified protein solution is recovered from the upper part of said container. The precipitate is filtered to also recover the protein solution it contains, obtaining a dry residue that is taken to landfill.
Los ácidos empleados para la neutralización pueden ser el sulfúrico y el clorhídrico, mientras que los productos oxidantes pueden ser agua oxigenada, peróxido de sodio, perborato sódico, etc...Acids used for neutralization they can be sulfuric and hydrochloric, while Oxidizing products can be hydrogen peroxide, sodium peroxide, sodium perborate, etc ...
La solución de proteína hidrolizada obtenida posee un pH adecuado para ser utilizada como abono foliar para plantas.The hydrolyzed protein solution obtained It has an adequate pH to be used as a foliar fertilizer to plants.
El rendimiento de grasa y proteína del procedimiento varía en función de la procedencia de las pieles de las que se obtienen las carnazas a tratar. En la realización que se describe, se ha obtenido, por cada 1000 Kg de carnaza tratados, 120 Kg de grasa y 320 Kg de solución proteica hidrolizada, ésta última con un contenido aproximado de materia seca del 25%.The fat and protein yield of procedure varies depending on the origin of the skins of those that obtain the carnazas to treat. In the embodiment that describes, it has been obtained, for every 1000 kg of carnaza treated, 120 Kg of fat and 320 Kg of hydrolyzed protein solution, the latter with an approximate dry matter content of 25%.
Sorprendentemente, el procedimiento de la presente invención posibilita una recuperación económicamente viable de la grasa y la proteína de las carnazas.Surprisingly, the procedure of the The present invention enables an economic recovery viable of fat and protein from carnazas.
Claims (6)
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| ES200403170A ES2255873B1 (en) | 2004-12-31 | 2004-12-31 | PROCEDURE FOR THE TREATMENT OF CARNACES. |
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| DE1669531C3 (en) * | 1965-06-04 | 1975-12-11 | Svit, N.P., Gottwaldov (Tschechoslowakei) | Process for making collagen fibers |
| GB2118559B (en) * | 1982-02-02 | 1985-07-31 | Giuliano Guardini | Process for extracting protein and chromium from chrome tanned hide wastes |
| PT76211A (en) * | 1983-02-08 | 1983-03-01 | Vitorino De Matos Beleza | Protein and chromium recovery from tannery waste - consists of grinding for treatment with milk of lime or sodium hydroxide soln., etc. |
| JP3139625B2 (en) * | 1990-07-31 | 2001-03-05 | 修三 中園 | Method for producing nitrogen-containing protein material from waste subcutaneous fat |
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