ES2243220T3 - ADARAJA AND ADARAJA BOX THAT INCLUDES SUCH BOX. - Google Patents

Abstract

The cover, designed for reinforcing elements used to connect two separate cast concrete structures in civil engineering, is in the form of a box with two main faces (2, 12), one of which has holes for the reinforcing elements, and two side faces (3, 4) joining the main faces. The box is made from twin-wall polypropylene with its channels running parallel to the longer dimensions of the main and side faces; it can also have additional panels (50, 51) against the side faces.

Description

Adaraja and adaraja box comprising said box.

Technical field

The invention relates to the field of works Public and construction. It provides more precisely a large structure in the form of adaraja. In general, a adaraja It is a support device for joining reinforcements between two reinforced concrete construction elements. An adaraja contains therefore the bent ends of the reinforcements in the part apparent intended to be embedded in the concrete of one of the building elements.

Prior techniques

In a known way, when the construction of a building comprising several elements (walls or reinforced concrete slabs, are placed on the upper ends or side of these elements metal reinforcements intended for  ensure a metal joint with adjacent elements. These armors comprise a part that is embedded in the first element, and a second part that will be embedded in the element adjacent.

In a known way, these armors must be held in position when concrete casting takes place during the realization of a wall or a slab. These armors they are generally partially contained inside a device called "adaraja", and constituted by a box which contains the bent ends of the armor leaving the same time the part of the armor that will be embedded in the concrete After the concrete has been cast, the adaraja to bring up the ends of the armor that have been insulated from concrete. The folded ends of the armor they are then deployed and then embedded inside the adjacent element.

Numerous structures and box geometries have have already been proposed, but all suffer from multiple inconvenience

Thus, it has been proposed in EP 0 152 015 make a box of adaraja from a cardboard plate folded The use of such material is advantageous for ensure easy folding, and according to geometry easily adaptable to the desired volume.

However, the cartons, even selected among the water-resistant cartons suffer from the inconvenience essential to resist moisture badly and in particular therefore the contact with concrete. So, to avoid too much degradation fast cardboard, it is necessary to proceed to the release quickly, which is done to the detriment of the quality of the concrete, and in particular causes the appearance of chipped or other irregularities on the entire surface of the concrete. Besides, the operation that involves removing the adaraja is relatively difficult because the tears in the damaged cardboard occur randomly, and removal is often done by chunks

A first problem that is therefore proposed solving the invention is that of adaraja's resistance to ambient humidity when storage takes place, and in contact with the water contained in the concrete when casting takes place. Another problem that is proposed to solve the invention is that of delayed formwork of the box of adaraja, that is to say the elimination of the box after a long stay in contact with the concrete.

On the other hand, it has been proposed in others documents FR 2 575 506, EP 0 252 996, and US 4 984 401, carry out some plastic material adarajas, and in particular in polychloride Vinyl (PVC) In addition to the harmfulness of the chlorine produced when combustion of these material takes place, said solution suffers of numerous inconveniences, and in particular a great difficulty to perform the decoupling operation. Indeed, the materials used have a certain elasticity that should allow deformation of the adaraja when its extraction of the reserve created in the concrete element. Now well, to obtain sufficient rigidity of the case assembly, it is necessary to use a material of an important thickness that it is more difficult to deform, and practically impossible to cut, at least with ordinary tools. Also, with the use of PVC, a reaction is observed after a few weeks chemistry between the box and the concrete itself, which makes difficult formwork, and can cause starts material.

US 4 984 401 describes a box of adaraja according to the preamble of claim 1 which may, between others, be manufactured in polypropylene.

Another problem that is proposed to solve the invention is that of incompatibility between the ease of stripping and stiffness of the box.

The invention therefore provides for solving the whole of these problems by proposing a box of adaraja that results easy to manufacture, easily removable from the reserve in which is incorporated, presenting at the same time a great rigidity and a resistance to pressure exerted by concrete when it has place the laundry.

Exhibition of the invention

The invention therefore relates to a box of adaraja for the placement of joint reinforcements between two parts of concrete work, made by folding a sheet of folding material, and comprising:

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two main faces parallel, of which one is perforated with passage openings of the union armor;

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two side faces that join the main faces.

This box is characterized by:

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the material used to make the boxes is alveolar polypropylene whose alveoli, so less at the level of the main and lateral faces, they are parallel to the major address of the box;

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includes some elements additional also in alveolar polypropylene, at least front to the side faces.

In other words, the invention consists in use a material that has a very good resistance, which thus confers a great rigidity to the adaraja facilitating it time the extraction of the box by manual cutting from tears made very simply by a tool such as a blade or equivalent.

In effect, alveolar polypropylene has the advantage of tearing easily only when a start or a Precut has been performed in parallel to an alveolus. To conversely, alveolar polypropylene is particularly difficult to tear when no area of weakness has formed.

The alveoli of the main and lateral faces They are parallel to the larger dimension of the box. In this way, the The rigidity of the box is optimal, and the operations of decoupling, since a simple start of cutting at one end of the box allows tearing of the sheet constituting the box in full length The presence of additional elements at the level of the lateral faces ensures sufficient rigidity to prevent the crushing phenomena that are essentially exercised perpendicular to the main face of the box. So, it is possible to use alveolar polypropylene sheets of relatively small surface mass while retaining Excellent pressure resistance.

In practice, the box is such that one of the main faces is made by two flaps adjacent to the side faces. Advantageously, at least one of the flaps it can be extended by a flap deployed towards the inside of the box to form a reinforcing element substantially parallel to a side face. In other words, such a box it then comprises a brace element placed between these main faces, which improves your resistance to stress exerted by the concrete when casting takes place.

Additional elements have alveoli They can adopt different orientations. So when alveoli of the additional elements are parallel to those of the box, the eventual folding of these additional elements is facilitated and therefore the manufacture of the box. Conversely, when additional elements have alveoli that are perpendicular to those in the box, the stiffness of the lateral faces in a direction perpendicular to the main face of the box, and therefore a suitable adaraja is obtained to withstand particularly high pressures being at the same Extremely light time.

Additional elements may also adopt varied forms and architectures.

Thus, the additional elements may be present only in front of the lateral faces. The elements additional may also be in front of the flaps that form One of the main faces. They can also face to the central reinforcement element, when it is present.

In a particularly advantageous way, the additional elements can be joined together by a face common that is located in front of the perforated main face with openings In other words, the box comprises a second structure substantially analogous to the outer structure, and it constitutes in a way a second internal box.

In practice, the flaps that form one of the main faces can be in solidarity or by a tape adhesive, or also by welding.

In practice, the main face on which the openings of armor passage are practiced can have grooves that join these openings to facilitate the Armor placement.

In this case, it may be advantageous that the masking tape present on the opposite side extends over the face that presents the openings. The adhesive tape can then seal the groove closer to the end of the case, avoiding  therefore even the passage of liquid concrete.

In the variants of embodiment in which the boxes do not have any slot, the armor is introduced in some boxes by the ends of the arms in wait.

Brief description of the figures

The manner of carrying out the invention as well as the advantages that result from it will become more clearly manifest from the description of the embodiments following, with the support of the attached figures, in which:

Figure 1 is a view above a box according to the invention shown deployed.

Figure 2 is a cross-sectional view. of the box shown in figure 1 once folded.

Figures 3 and 4 are sectional views. cross section of the embodiments of the box in the figure 2.

Figure 5 is a shallow perspective view of the box illustrated in figure 4.

Figure 6 is a shallow perspective view of the box illustrated in figure 5 in which the elements of reinforcement appear differently from the rest of the box.

Figure 7 is a view above a box performed in accordance with an embodiment variant comprising three different volumes, corresponding to some adarajas of greater dimension.

Figure 8 is a cross-sectional view. of the box in figure 7.

Figure 9 is a longitudinal sectional view. middle of the end of a adaraja made according to the invention.

Figures 10, 11 and 12 are views perspective schematics illustrating the extraction operation of the adaraja according to the invention.

Embodiment of the invention

As already mentioned, the invention relates to to a adaraja equipped with a box made by folding a sheet made of alveolar polypropylene.

The geometry of said sheet (1) is illustrated in Figure 1. Thus, said sheet comprises several fins intended for form the different faces of the box. The central fin (2) is destined to form one of the main faces of the adaraja, to through which the joint reinforcements are placed. This fin central (2) is framed by two lateral fins (3, 4) intended to form each of the side faces of the box. These lateral fins (3, 4) are adjacent to two fins supplementary (5, 6) intended to form each half of the main face opposite the main face (2). These fins (5, 6) they extend laterally by flaps (7, 8), of a width substantially equal to that of a side face (3, 4), and intended, after folding, when the two extreme edges (9, 10) of the fins (5, 6) come into contact, to form a reinforcing element which constitutes a brace (13) between the main faces (2, 12) of the box, as illustrated in figure 2.

Easels (22) that cross the fin center (2) keep the brace (13) in an upright position.

The central fin (2), which forms one of the faces main, extends at the level of its minor sides, by two rectangular flaps (14, 15) intended to close the ends of the box to ensure its tightness. These fins (14, 15) they have two legs (17, 19) intended to penetrate inside of the box when the flap rebound occurs rectangular (14, 15). These two legs (17, 19) are separated by a central groove (20, 21) corresponding to the location of the central reinforcement element (13) that forms the brace.

According to the invention, the box comprises also additional elements (50, 51) located on the side faces (5, 6) of the box, on the inner side. These additional elements (50, 51) can be either free bands placed inside the box when folding occurs, or also bands attached or welded on the sheet (1) before folding. Figure 1 illustrates the sheet (1) exempt from these additional elements. These additional elements (50, 51) They are also made of alveolar polypropylene. In the manner illustrated in the Figure 2, the alveoli of the additional elements (50, 51) are oriented perpendicularly to the alveoli of the rest of the box, what allows to increase the resistance to the exerted efforts perpendicular to the main face (2).

As illustrated in Figure 2, an element Additional supplementary (53) may also be provided to be placed between the fins (7, 8) that form the brace (13). From in general, the alveoli of the rest of the box, except for the additional elements are parallel to the greater direction of the main face (2, 12) to ensure good rigidity of the adaraja while retaining a minimum weight and a large ease of removal from the box.

The alveolar polypropylene used has a thickness between one and eight millimeters, preferably between 1.5 and 4 millimeters. Density can be variable depending on the dimension of the adaraja, and may vary between 150 and 1200 grams per square meter, and preferably be between 150 and 600 grams per square meter. it's possible use characteristic alveolar polypropylenes different between the rest of the box and the additional elements (50, 53). Thus, additional elements can be used constituted by bands made from polypropylene of a thickness close to 4 millimeters, and whose density is comprised between 100 and 600 grams per square meter, preferably next at 500 grams per square meter. The type of alveoli can be variable, and its section can be indifferently square, slightly rectangular or oblique, or in chevrons inverted

According to another feature of the invention, the main phase that presents the openings (23, 24) intended for accommodate the metal reinforcements, may have grooves (25) that join the openings (23, 24) of the same armor, in order to facilitate placement In this case, when the box is fully folded, it ensures the solidarity of the two fins (5, 6) by means of a long adhesive tape (28) that can extend advantageously at the level of the end (14) of the box, and farther still, at the groove level located closest to the end of the box, as illustrated in figure 9. This avoids that the slot (25) in question is opened under the effect of the elasticity of the feet (29) made at the level of the ends of box.

Obviously, the structure of the box according to the invention can be adapted to numerous types of reinforcements, and in particular U-shaped reinforcements (30) comprising two arms (31) that cross the main face (2) of the box, but also to single arm armor. In this case, the holes of passage of the armor are also distributed on a regular basis, and arranged on both sides of the central symmetry plane of the box.

Depending on the desired stiffness stresses, it is possible to vary the form of the additional elements such as it has been illustrated for example in figure 3, in this case figure, the additional elements are presented in the form of a band that It has two folds (55, 56) that define three segments (57, 58, 59). The first segment (57) faces the side face (3). He second segment (58) faces the flap (5) that forms the half of the main face (12). The third segment (59) enters contact with the fin (7) that forms a part of the brace. In In this case, the rigidity of the box is still improved since the first and third segments (57, 59) ensure a stiffening of the box in a direction perpendicular to the main face (2), while that the second segment (58) ensures stiffening of the adaraja with respect to the efforts exerted perpendicularly to the side faces (3, 4). The orientation of the alveoli of the element additional (54) can be chosen or perpendicular to the orientation of the alveoli of the rest of the box, to increase in to a large extent the rigidity of the assembly, or also parallel to the orientation of the alveoli of the rest of the box to facilitate the realization of the folds (55, 56). In the case where different segments (57, 58, 59) are made independently,  can each be soldiers or stuck on the faces corresponding to the box, possibly with an orientation different from its alveoli. For reasons of symmetry, two elements (54) identical are placed in the same box.

Figures 4 to 6 illustrate a variant of embodiment in which the additional element (60) extends in the entire internal surface of the box. More precisely, the additional element (60) comprises a first segment (64) that remains in front of the main face (2) of the rest of the box. This segment (54) presents openings for the passage of the reinforcements, located in the same points as those practiced on the main face (2). He additional element (60) also comprises two lateral segments (63, 65) that remain respectively in front of the lateral faces (3, 4) of the rest of the box. The element (60) also comprises two segments (62, 66) that come into contact with the flaps (6, 5) that form the main face (12). Finally, the additional element (60) may also comprise two segments (61, 67) that enter contact with the fins (7, 8) that form the brace. In this case, the placement of the stand (22) maintains contact between the segments (61, 67) of the additional element and the fins (7, 8) of the rest of the box.

In this way, an internal structure is obtained substantially analogous to that of the outer box, which increases by great way the rigidity of the box, and all the more so since the alveoli can be chosen being oriented perpendicular to the major address of the box.

However, the resistance of the set results satisfactory using an additional element that presents some alveoli parallel to the main direction of the box, which It also has the advantage of facilitating the folding of said element additional (60). Thanks to this particular structure, it is possible greatly decrease the thickness of alveolar polypropylene used and therefore its cost price while retaining a particularly high crush resistance.

Depending on the applications of the dimension, in particular of the width of the adaraja, another one can be adopted geometry as illustrated in figures 7 and 8, in which the fins (35, 36) adjacent to the lateral faces (33, 34) have a width less than half of the main face (32)

In this case, the remaining area is occupied by an additional channel (40) arranged as illustrated in the Figure 7, so that it constitutes two reinforcing elements (41, 42) that forms the brace, and thus increasing stiffness and concrete pressure resistance during casting.

In this case, and as illustrated in the figure 8, the box can comprise three additional elements (72, 73, 74). Additional elements (72, 74) are placed respectively between the lateral faces (33) and (34), and the fins that are part of the brace element (41, 42). The element (73) it is as for itself placed inside the channel supplementary (40), and its lateral segments (75, 76) are part of the brace elements (41, 42). It is conceived that the rigidity of A adaraja of this type is particularly important.

As already mentioned, the orientation of the alveoli of the internal faces (33, 34) and of the elements of reinforcement (41, 42) can be chosen to ensure resistance optimal to crushed. In this case, the fins (46) at the end of The box are each equipped with three legs (37, 38, 39) separated by grooves (44, 45) corresponding to the locations of the reinforcing elements (41, 42) that form the brace (see figure 7).

As you can see, the geometry of the invention can be declined depending on the dimensions desired of the adaraja. Thus, in practice, it is possible to perform some boxes that are one to five centimeters thick, and of width between five and twenty five centimeters. Step between the openings (23, 24) of reception of the reinforcements can be chosen based on the normalization stresses of construction

Preferably, the adarajas according to the invention will have a length of the order of one meter, to compare with classical adarajas that have a length corresponding to a standard wall height, that is substantially from 2.40 m to 2.50 m. Thus, when the placement of the adarajas according to the invention, two will be necessary elements to cover a space of 2.40 m. The space between two adarajas as well as the volumes located at the ends of the adarajas is destined to receive the concrete when the casting. This originality is in accordance with the rules of the reinforced concrete construction.

As seen in figures 10 to 12, the operation of extraction of the adaraja after formwork is Perform as follows. When the formwork on which it was arranged the adaraja has been removed, the main face of the box It is flush. It is enough to cut the adhesive tape (28) solidarity on the two fins (5, 6) that form the main face (12) to deploy and separate the two fins (5, 6), and make appear the armor of union.

Having trimmed with the help of a cutting tool the main face (2) at the level of the front of the reserve, an action is exerted on the fins (5, 6) to extract box.

The elimination of the adaraja is extremely easy and this all the more so because the contact between the Polypropylene and concrete does not cause any chemical reaction, and therefore of parasitic adhesion, even after some months

It follows from the foregoing that the adaraja of according to the invention it has multiple advantages and in particular:

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a great ease of manufacturing by a simple folding technique,

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a great rigidity that allows the transport and storage of such adages,

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great resistance to crushed thanks in particular to the presence of elements of reinforcement, additional elements, and the choice of relative orientations of the alveoli of these different elements,

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a total chemical inertia with regarding concrete and therefore a possibility of conserving the formwork in position for numerous weeks, even months,

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an extremely heavy weight low,

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a low price of cost.

Claims (10)

1. Polypropylene adaraja box for placement of joint reinforcements between two parts of the work of concrete, made by folding a sheet (1) of material folding, and comprising:

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two main faces parallel (2, 12) of which one is perforated with openings (23, 24) of passage of the joint reinforcements;

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two side faces (3, 4) that join the main faces (2, 12);

characterized because:

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the material used to make the box is alveolar polypropylene whose alveoli, so less at the level of the main (2, 12) and lateral (3, 4) faces, they are parallel to the greater direction of the box;

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presents some elements additional (50, 51) also of alveolar polypropylene, so less in front of the lateral faces (3, 4).

2. Box according to claim 1, characterized in that one of the main faces (12) is made of two flaps (5, 6) of the sheet adjacent to the side faces (3, 4). 3. Box according to claim 1, characterized in that at least one of the two flaps is extended by a flap (7, 8) that is folded into the box to form a reinforcing element (13) substantially parallel to a lateral face (3, 4). 4. Box according to claim 1, characterized in that the cells of the additional elements (50, 51) are parallel to those of the box. 5. Box according to claim 1, characterized in that the cells of the additional elements (50, 51) are perpendicular to those of the box. 6. Box according to claim 1, characterized in that the additional elements (50, 51) are only facing the lateral faces (3, 4). 7. Box according to claim 2, characterized in that the additional elements (54) are also facing the flaps (5, 6) that form one of the main faces (12). 8. Box according to claim 3, characterized in that the additional elements (54) also face the reinforcing element (13). 9. Box according to claim 8, characterized in that the additional elements (60) are joined together by a common face (64), located opposite the perforated main face with openings. 10. Adaraja comprising a box according to one of claims 1 to 9.