ES2211255A1

ES2211255A1 - Method for wrapping double field boxes for transporting harvested fruits, involves positioning and arranging systems for feeding and wrapping boxes, where bundles of fruits are stacked and palletized, and then loaded pallets are dispatched

Info

Publication number: ES2211255A1
Application number: ES200102093A
Authority: ES
Inventors: Enrique Montalva Jornet; Javier Caro Ibañez
Original assignee: Tornymark S A; TORNYMARK SA
Current assignee: Tornymark S A; TORNYMARK SA
Priority date: 2001-09-19
Filing date: 2001-09-19
Publication date: 2004-07-01
Anticipated expiration: 2021-09-19
Also published as: ES2211255B1

Abstract

The method involves positioning and arranging systems for feeding empty boxes and wrapping the boxes, where bundles of fruits are stacked and palletized, and then loaded pallets are dispatched. The empty boxes are drawn by a conventional conveyor (1) of V-shaped belts or chains that are aligned according to desired arrangement. A carrier is tilted around a hinge axis, where the boxes is actuated by a pneumatic cylinder. The downward transfer boxes are placed to a roller conveyor, where its forward direction is perpendicular to the conveyor belt. An independent claim is included for a device for wrapping double field boxes for transporting harvested fruits.

Description

Procedimiento de enfardado automático doble de cajas de campo, en ciclo continuo, y dispositivo para su puesta en prácticaAutomatic double wrapping procedure Field boxes, in continuous cycle, and device for putting in practice

Object of the invention

La presente invención se refiere a un procedimiento de enfardado automático doble de cajas de campo, en ciclo continuo, y a un dispositivo para su puesta en práctica, que aportan esenciales características de novedad y notables ventajas con respecto a los sistemas y medios conocidos y utilizados para los mismos fines en el estado actual de la técnica.The present invention relates to a double automatic wrapping procedure of field boxes, in continuous cycle, and to a device for its implementation, which provide essential novelty features and notable advantages with respect to the systems and means known and used to the same purposes in the current state of the art.

Más en particular, la invención desarrolla un procedimiento y un dispositivo implementados en una serie de estaciones sucesivas, en las que se lleva a cabo una sucesión de fases operativas mediante las que se realiza, de forma completamente automatizada, la paletización de las cajas vacías alimentadas al sistema, por grupos de tres, de modo que una de las tres es incluida automáticamente en el espacio interior de las otras dos convenientemente orientadas y enfrentadas por sus caras abiertas, consiguiendo con ello una economía considerable en cuanto a espacio y consiguientes costes de transporte hasta el lugar de utilización.More particularly, the invention develops a procedure and a device implemented in a series of successive stations, in which a succession of operational phases through which it is performed, so Fully automated palletization of empty boxes fed to the system, in groups of three, so that one of the three is automatically included in the interior space of the two other conveniently oriented and faced by their faces open, thereby achieving a considerable economy as far as to space and consequent transport costs to the place of utilization.

Por "cajas de campo" se entiende aquí los contenedores paralelepipédicos, generalmente de plástico inyectado, abiertos por su cara superior, de dimensiones normalizadas, que se utilizan para el transporte de frutos a granel desde el campo donde se cosechan hasta el local o almacén donde son tratados preparándolos para su comercialización."Field boxes" means here the parallelepipedic containers, usually injected plastic, open by its upper face, of normalized dimensions, which used to transport fruits in bulk from the field where they are harvested to the premises or warehouse where they are treated preparing them for marketing.

El campo de aplicación de la invención se encuentra comprendido obviamente dentro del sector del transporte de cajas con destino a la recolección de vegetales, frutas y similares.The scope of the invention is is obviously included in the transport sector of boxes for the collection of vegetables, fruits and Similar.

Background of the invention

Las cajas de campo son reutilizables, comprendiendo un ciclo completo de su empleo, el transporte cargadas de frutos a granel desde el campo hasta el almacén de manipulación, y su posterior devolución vacías al campo para iniciar un nuevo ciclo.Field boxes are reusable, comprising a complete cycle of employment, transportation loaded with bulk fruits from the field to the warehouse of handling, and its subsequent empty return to the field to Start a new cycle.

Este último transporte no se realiza con las cajas separadas individualmente, sino que se agrupan en "fardos" formados generalmente por tres cajas vacías, dispuestas de forma que entre dos cajas "acostadas", con sus caras abiertas enfrentadas, se introduce la tercera caja con su eje longitudinal perpendicular a los ejes longitudinales paralelos de las otras dos cajas externas.This last transport is not done with the individually separated boxes, but are grouped into "bales" usually made up of three empty boxes, arranged so that between two boxes "lying" with their open faces facing each other, the third box with its longitudinal axis perpendicular to parallel longitudinal axes of the other two external boxes.

Esta forma de "enfardar" cajas vacías para mejorar el rendimiento de su transporte de retorno al campo, se realizaba inicialmente a mano, y posteriormente se mecanizó el proceso con la utilización de máquinas enfardadoras automáticas, que operan con líneas individuales de formación de fardos.This way of "packing" empty boxes to improve the performance of your transport back to the field, it initially performed by hand, and subsequently the process with the use of automatic wrapping machines, that operate with individual bale formation lines.

En todas ellas, el proceso de formación del fardo comprende necesariamente cambios posicionales de las cajas vacías, ya que son suministradas a la enfardadora por un transportador convencional, con sus ejes longitudinales alineados e invertidas, apoyadas sobre el contorno de su cara abierta.In all of them, the process of bale formation necessarily includes positional changes of empty boxes, since they are supplied to the baler by a conveyor conventional, with its longitudinal axes aligned and inverted, resting on the contour of your open face.

Summary of the invention

El objeto de la presente invención consiste en la concepción y desarrollo de un procedimiento de enfardado automático, capaz de formar simultáneamente, en paralelo, dos fardos de tres cajas vacías cada uno, así como en el diseño de una nuevo dispositivo o máquina enfardadora para la puesta en práctica de dicho procedimiento, de modo que se consigue duplicar prácticamente el rendimiento de las máquinas enfardadoras conocidas, puesto que estas últimas operan con líneas de formación individuales, es decir, de un solo fardo.The object of the present invention is the conception and development of a wrapping procedure automatic, capable of simultaneously forming, in parallel, two bales of three empty boxes each, as well as in the design of a new device or baler machine for implementation of said procedure, so that duplication is achieved practically the performance of the baler machines known, since the latter operate with training lines individual, that is, single bundle.

Además, el procedimiento prevé que el nuevo dispositivo enfardadora actúe en ciclo continuo, formando parejas de fardos ininterrumpidamente, mientras dure la alimentación de cajas vacías, lo cual requiere una cuidadosa coordinación de las operaciones sucesivas, resuelta en el caso de la invención con la utilización de un autómata programable que las comanda.In addition, the procedure provides that the new wrapping device act in continuous cycle, forming pairs of bales uninterruptedly, while the feeding of empty boxes, which requires careful coordination of successive operations, resolved in the case of the invention with the use of a programmable automaton that commands them.

En esencia, la implementación del proceso operativo, comprende varias estaciones, o localizaciones convencionales en las que se producen las distintas fases de dicho proceso, según se expone brevemente a continuación, y las cuales serán explicadas posteriormente con mayor detalle, haciendo referencia a los dibujos:In essence, the process implementation operational, comprises several stations, or locations conventional in which the different phases of said process, as outlined briefly below, and which will be explained later in greater detail, making Reference to the drawings:

Estación 1: Aquí se realiza la alimentación y posicionamiento de cajas vacías, las cuales acceden a la enfardadora arrastradas por un transportador convencional, de correas trapezoidales o cadenas, alineadas, invertidas y contiguas según la disposición conocida; Station 1 : Here the feeding and positioning of empty boxes is carried out, which access to the baler carried by a conventional conveyor, of trapezoidal belts or chains, aligned, inverted and contiguous according to the known arrangement;

Estación 2: Esta estación se encarga de realizar un pre-enfardado doble. Esta operación de pre-enfardado doble se lleva a cabo con la colaboración de una serie de medios previstos al efecto, tales como conjuntos de topes, una bandeja elevable y empujadores neumáticos que actúan sobre las cajas, en sentidos opuestos, para provocar su acercamiento; Station 2 : This station is responsible for double pre-bundling. This double pre-wrapping operation is carried out with the collaboration of a series of means provided for this purpose, such as sets of stops, a lifting tray and pneumatic pushers acting on the boxes, in opposite directions, to cause their approach;

Estación 3: Enfardado. En esta estación se preparan las cajas de modo que puedan acceder a la siguiente estación con la posición y la orientación deseadas. Para la transición de una estación a otra, se ha previsto la utilización de un empujador de uñas y de una línea de rodillos entre los que actúan dichas uñas, como se explicará posteriormente con mayor detalle; Station 3 : Angry. In this station the boxes are prepared so that they can access the next station with the desired position and orientation. For the transition from one station to another, it is planned to use a nail pusher and a roller line between which said nails act, as will be explained later in greater detail;

Estación 4: Aquí se realiza el volteo de los fardos, con vistas a facilitar su posterior paletización. El cambio posicional lo realiza una pieza en su forma de realización se ha configurado a modo de sector circular giratorio. Station 4 : The bales are turned here, with a view to facilitating their subsequent palletizing. The positional change is made by a piece in its embodiment has been configured as a rotating circular sector.

Estación 5: Esta estación constituye un pulmón de fardos y palets, y dispone de dos transportadores de rodillos que se mueven en planos horizontales superpuestos, de los que el superior recibe los pares de fardos apoyados sobre el fondo de una de sus cajas extremas respectivas, y el inferior se destina al arrastre de los palets. Station 5 : This station constitutes a lung of bales and pallets, and has two roller conveyors that move in superimposed horizontal planes, from which the superior receives the pairs of bales resting on the bottom of one of their respective end boxes, and the lower one is destined to drag the pallets.

Estación 6: Por último, en esta estación se lleva a cabo el apilado y la paletización de los fardos, contando para ello con una multiplicidad de elementos mecánicos, tales como una mesa elevadora cuyo plano superior consiste en un transportador de rodillos, dos juegos de mordazas dobles situadas respectivamente a cada lado del transportador de dicha mesa elevadora, y dos juegos de topes angulares susceptibles de desplazamiento lateral. Aquí, la operación de apilado y paletización de fardos se desarrolla en varias fases, según se cita resumidamente a continuación: Station 6 : Finally, in this station the stacking and palletizing of the bales is carried out, counting for it with a multiplicity of mechanical elements, such as a lifting table whose upper plane consists of a roller conveyor, two sets of double jaws located respectively on each side of the conveyor of said lifting table, and two sets of angular stops susceptible to lateral displacement. Here, the bale stacking and palletizing operation is carried out in several phases, as summarized below:

: Fase 1: Acceso a la mesa elevadora de la primera capa de fardos (preferentemente seis fardos en la presente realización), Phase 1 : Access to the lift table of the first bale layer (preferably six bales in the present embodiment),

: Fase 2: Elevación de la primera capa de fardos, Phase 2 : Elevation of the first layer of bales,

: Fase 3: Entrada de la segunda capa de fardos (preferentemente seis fardos en la presente realización), Phase 3 : Entry of the second layer of bales (preferably six bales in the present embodiment),

: Fase 4: Elevación de la segunda capa de fardos, Phase 4 : Elevation of the second layer of bales,

: Fase 5: Entrada de la tercera capa de fardos (preferentemente seis fardos en la presente realización), Phase 5 : Entry of the third layer of bales (preferably six bales in the present embodiment),

: Fase 6: Entrada de un palet, Phase 6 : Entry of a pallet,

: Fase 7: Elevación del palet cargado, y Phase 7 : Lifting the loaded pallet, and

: Fase 8: Transferencia del palet cargado con los fardos (de manera correspondiente, dieciocho fardos en la presente realización), desde la Estación 6 hasta la Estación 7. Phase 8 : Transfer of the pallet loaded with the bales (correspondingly, eighteen bales in the present embodiment), from Station 6 to Station 7.

Brief description of the drawings

Estas y otras características y ventajas de la invención, se pondrán más claramente de manifiesto a partir de la descripción detallada que sigue de una forma preferida de realización, dada únicamente a título de ejemplo ilustrativo y no limitativo, con referencia a los dibujos que se acompañan. En dichos dibujos:These and other features and advantages of the invention, will become more clearly apparent from the detailed description that follows in a preferred way of embodiment, given by way of illustration only and not limiting, with reference to the accompanying drawings. In said drawings:

La Figura 1 muestra en planta general, la disposición relativa preferente de las distintas Estaciones sucesivas de que consta la máquina enfardadora de la realización preferida de la presente invención;Figure 1 shows in general plan, the preferential relative provision of the different Stations successive of which the wrapping machine consists of the embodiment preferred of the present invention;

Las Figuras 2, 3 y 4 representan, en alzado frontal, la operación de transferencia de cajas vacías en la Estación 1, desde un transportador de alimentación de correas o cadenas, hasta un transportador de rodillos y de modo que en la Figura 2 se ha representado la entrada de tres cajas consecutivas destinadas a formar un terno; en la Figura 3 se muestra la separación entre ellas por medio de uñas elevables, mientras que la Figura 4, representa el avance de las tres cajas en paralelo, con descenso del transportador de alimentación para permitir la transferencia de otras tres cajas;Figures 2, 3 and 4 represent, in elevation front, the empty boxes transfer operation in the Station 1, from a belt feed conveyor or chains, to a roller conveyor and so that in the Figure 2 shows the entry of three consecutive boxes intended to form a terno; Figure 3 shows the separation between them by means of lifting nails, while the Figure 4 represents the progress of the three boxes in parallel, with lowering of the feed conveyor to allow transfer of three other boxes;

Las Figuras 5 y 6 muestran, en alzado lateral, el posicionamiento de las cajas en la Estación 1, de modo que la Figura 5 ilustra el vuelco de las cajas extremas, y la Figura 6 el paso en posición invariable de las cajas centrales;Figures 5 and 6 show, in side elevation, the positioning of the boxes in Station 1, so that the Figure 5 illustrates the overturning of the end boxes, and Figure 6 the step in invariable position of the central boxes;

La Figura 7 muestra medios de guiado para la operación de posicionamiento representada en las Figuras 5 y 6;Figure 7 shows guiding means for the positioning operation represented in Figures 5 and 6;

La Figura 8 muestra una vista en planta de la transferencia de un terno desde un transportador de alimentación al de rodillos de la Estación 1;Figure 8 shows a plan view of the transfer of a terno from a feed conveyor to of rollers of Station 1;

La Figura 9 muestra una vista en planta del posicionamiento de las cajas extremas en la Estación 1, mientras avanza el terno;Figure 9 shows a plan view of the positioning of the extreme boxes in Station 1, while the terno advances;

Las Figuras 10 a 13 muestran gráficamente, según vistas en alzado, la intervención en el giro de dichas cajas, sobre los nervios de su base, de un tope fijo, durante el avance de la Figura 9;Figures 10 to 13 show graphically, according to elevation views, the intervention in the rotation of these boxes, on the nerves of its base, of a fixed stop, during the advance of the Figure 9;

Las Figuras 14 y 15 son vistas correspondientes a dicho tope fijo, tomadas en alzado y planta superior;Figures 14 and 15 are views corresponding to said fixed stop, taken in elevation and upper floor;

La Figura 16 explícita, según una vista en planta, la forma de proseguir el posicionamiento de las cajas de un mismo terno;Figure 16 explicit, according to a view in plant, how to continue positioning the boxes of a same terno;

La Figura 17 muestra, por su parte, el pre-enfardado simultáneo de dos ternos;Figure 17 shows, meanwhile, the simultaneous pre-wrapping of two terns;

Las Figuras 18, 19 y 20 representan, en alzado frontal, el proceso de elevación de las cajas centrales para permitir el pre-enfardado de las cajas extremas; por su parte, la Figura 21 muestra, según una vista en planta, dicho pre-enfardado de las Figuras 18 a 20, el cual se produce en la Estación 2;Figures 18, 19 and 20 represent, in elevation front, the process of lifting the central boxes for allow pre-wrapping of the extreme boxes; meanwhile, Figure 21 shows, according to a plan view, said pre-bundle of Figures 18 to 20, which it occurs in Station 2;

La Figura 22 muestra, en planta, las posiciones relativas de las Estaciones 2, 3 y 4;Figure 22 shows, in plan, the positions relative of Stations 2, 3 and 4;

Las Figuras 23 a 27 representan en alzado frontal el desarrollo del proceso de enfardado de los ternos de cajas vacías, que se realiza entre las Estaciones 3 y 4;Figures 23 to 27 represent in front elevation the development of the wrapping process of the box terns empty, which takes place between Stations 3 and 4;

La Figura 28 muestra, en planta, las posiciones relativas de las Estaciones 3, 4 y 5;Figure 28 shows, in plan, the positions relative of Stations 3, 4 and 5;

Las Figuras 29 a 34 muestran, según vistas tomadas en alzado lateral, la transferencia de las parejas de fardos desde la Estación 4 a la 5, con el cambio posicional (vuelco) de dichos fardos, yFigures 29 to 34 show, according to views taken in side elevation, the transfer of the pairs of bales from Station 4 to 5, with positional change (dump) of said bales, and

Las Figuras 35 a 58 muestran en representación doble (Figuras impares en alzado lateral y Figuras pares en planta), la transferencia de las parejas de fardos desde la Estación 5, constitutiva del pulmón regulador de fardos y palets, hasta la Estación 6, en la que se realiza el apilado de fardos por parejas, para su paletización, para la expedición posterior de los palets cargados desde la Estación 7.Figures 35 to 58 show in representation double (Odd figures in side elevation and even figures in plant), the transfer of bale pairs from the Station 5, constituting the bale and pallet regulating lung, to Station 6, where the stacking of bales is done by couples, for palletizing, for the subsequent issue of pallets loaded from Station 7.

Description of a preferred embodiment

Las distintas fases operativas del proceso objeto de la invención, están contenidas en las Figuras 35 a 58, y se representan de la forma que se describe a continuación:The different operational phases of the object process of the invention, are contained in Figures 35 to 58, and are They represent as described below:

Figuras 35-36 y 37-38: Acceso a la mesa elevadora, de la primera capa de seis fardos.Figures 35-36 and 37-38: Access to the lift table, of the first Six bales layer.

Figuras 39-40: Elevación de la primera capa de seis fardos.Figures 39-40: Elevation of the First layer of six bales.

Figuras 41-42 y 43-44: Entrada de las segunda capa de seis fardos.Figures 41-42 and 43-44: Entry of the second six layer bales

Figuras 45-46: Elevación de la segunda capa de seis fardos.Figures 45-46: Elevation of the Second layer of six bundles.

Figuras 47-48 y 49-50: Entrada de la tercera capa de seis fardos.Figures 47-48 and 49-50: Entrance of the third layer of six bales

Figuras 51-52 y 53-54: Entrada de un palet.Figures 51-52 and 53-54: Entry of a pallet.

Figuras 55-56: Elevación del palet cargado.Figures 55-56: Elevation of loaded pallet

Figuras 57-58: Transferencia del palet cargado con dieciocho fardos, de las Estación 6 a la Estación 7.Figures 57-58: Transfer of pallet loaded with eighteen bales, from Station 6 to Station 7.

En cualquier caso, la exposición detallada de las características y detalles estructurales y operativos que distinguen a la invención, van a ser explicados a continuación, haciendo para ello referencia continuada a los dibujos anexos, representativos de la forma de realización actualmente preferida, todo ello con carácter meramente informativo, para su consideración en el sentido más amplio de su descripción y en ningún caso como limitadores de la aplicación y el contenido de la invención reivindicada.In any case, the detailed exposition of the features and structural and operational details that distinguish the invention, they will be explained below, making continuous reference to the attached drawings, representative of the presently preferred embodiment, all for information purposes only, for consideration in the broadest sense of its description and in no case as limiters of the application and the content of the invention claimed.

Para facilitar la descripción del nuevo dispositivo enfardador de la invención, así como la comprensión de su proceso operativo, se descompone éste en varias Estaciones, localizaciones convencionales en las que se producen las distintas fases de dicho proceso, que se describen a continuación, de forma separada:To facilitate the description of the new cooler device of the invention, as well as the understanding of its operational process, it breaks down into several stations, conventional locations where the various occur phases of said process, which are described below, so separated:

Estación 1Station one

Feeding and positioning empty boxes

Las cajas vacías acceden a la enfardadora arrastradas por un transportador convencional (1), del tipo de correas trapezoidales o cadenas, alineadas, invertidas y contiguas según la disposición conocida.Empty boxes access the baler carried by a conventional conveyor (1), of the type of V-belts or chains, aligned, inverted and contiguous according to the known arrangement.

El transportador (1) es susceptible de bascular alrededor de un eje de articulación (2), accionado por un cilindro neumático (3), produciéndose al descender la transferencia de las cajas a un transportador de rodillos (4) con sentido de avance perpendicular al del transportador de correas (1) (véanse las Figuras 2, 3 y 4).The conveyor (1) is capable of tilting around an articulation shaft (2), driven by a cylinder pneumatic (3), occurring when the transfer of the boxes to a roller conveyor (4) with forward direction perpendicular to that of the belt conveyor (1) (see the Figures 2, 3 and 4).

El giro del transportador (1) se produce cuando la primera caja del terno alcanza un tope fijo (5) situado al final de dicho transportador de correas (1), mientras que las cajas segunda y tercera son retenidas, con las separaciones convenientes, por medio de unas uñas (6) que emergen entre los rodillos del transportador (4) y que descienden cuando se inicia el avance del terno, conducido por este transportador (4) con un cambio de trayectoria de 90° en virtud de la ortogonalidad observada entre ambos transportadores citados. Entretanto, la alimentación de cajas vacías esta paralizada por la intervención de un tope elevable (7) que impide la entrada en el circuito del segundo terno de cajas vacías, hasta que el avance del primer terno deje espacio para el segundo.The rotation of the conveyor (1) occurs when the first box of the terno reaches a fixed stop (5) located at end of said belt conveyor (1), while the boxes second and third are retained, with convenient separations, by means of nails (6) that emerge between the rollers of the conveyor (4) and that descend when the advance of the terno, driven by this conveyor (4) with a change of 90 ° trajectory by virtue of the orthogonality observed between Both conveyors mentioned. Meanwhile, the feeding of boxes empty is paralyzed by the intervention of a lifting stop (7) which prevents the entry into the circuit of the second box of boxes empty, until the advance of the first trip leaves room for the second.

El avance de las cajas del mismo terno sobre rodillos, se produce en dos planos paralelos y sucesivos, encontrándose el transportador (4) de entrada a un nivel ligeramente más alto que el de salida (4') y salvándose el desnivel por las cajas extremas mediante deslizamiento por sendos planos inclinados (8) de gran pendiente, que las desestabilizan y las hacen volcar sobre uno de sus laterales, mientras que la caja central desliza por una pendiente suave (9) que le permite salvar el desnivel sin perder la posición de entrada (véanse las Figuras 5, 6 y 7).The advance of the boxes of the same terno on rollers, is produced in two parallel and successive planes, the input conveyor (4) being at a level slightly higher than the exit (4 ') and saving the slope by the extreme boxes by sliding by two planes inclined (8) of great slope, which destabilize and they dump on one of its sides, while the box center slides down a gentle slope (9) that allows you to save the unevenness without losing the entry position (see Figures 5, 6 and 7).

Mientras se produce el vuelco de las cajas extremas del terno, su avance es guiado por unas planchas verticales divergentes (10) que las separan de la caja central para permitir su giro posteriormente sin interferir con ella, arrimando sus testeros externos a los bordes respectivos de la máquina en donde, al avanzar, encuentran sucesivamente: escalones ortogonales (11); topes fijos en su localización (12), pero ajustables en tres dimensiones para adaptarlos eficazmente a las características formales de la esquina de la caja, en cuyos nervios de la base han de incidir transitoriamente para contribuir al giro de las cajas extremas, hasta que apoyen sus fondos en sendos planos orientadores (13), convergentes en el sentido del avance, para posicionarlas adecuadamente (véanse las Figuras 8 a 15).While the boxes roll over extreme of the terno, its advance is guided by some plates divergent verticals (10) that separate them from the central box to allow its turn later without interfering with it, approaching their external heads to the respective edges of the machine in where, when moving forward, they find successively: orthogonal steps (eleven); fixed stops in its location (12), but adjustable in three dimensions to adapt them effectively to the characteristics formal corner of the box, whose base nerves have to have a temporary impact to contribute to the cash flow extreme, until they support their funds in two guiding planes (13), convergent in the direction of advancement, to position them properly (see Figures 8 to 15).

Estación 2Station two

Pre-bundled double.

Las cajas extremas de cada terno, entran en esta Estación en posiciones oblicuas convergentes en el sentido del avance, con sus fondos apoyados en los planos orientadores (13) (Figura 16) y al finalizar el deslizamiento apoyado, van adoptando gradualmente posiciones paralelas enfrentadas, hasta que los testeros frontales del primer terno contactan con sendos topes transversales fijos (14) que, complementados con otros topes centrales elevables (15), quedan retenidos mientras avanzan las cajas del segundo terno, produciéndose en definitiva, en la transición de la primera a la segunda Estación, un giro de 90° de dichas cajas extremas.The extreme boxes of each terno, enter this Station in convergent oblique positions in the direction of advance, with its funds supported by the guidance plans (13) (Figure 16) and at the end of the sliding supported, they adopt gradually facing parallel positions, until the front doors of the first terno contact two stops fixed transverse (14) which, complemented with other stops lifts (15), are retained while the boxes of the second terno, producing definitively, in the transition from the first to the second station, a 90 ° turn of such extreme boxes.

Entretanto, las cajas centrales del primero y del segundo terno avanzan simultáneamente en sus posiciones invariables, pasando sobre una bandeja (16) central elevable situada en posición longitudinal axial, hasta que la del primer terno contacta por la cara exterior de su lateral delantero con un tope elevable (17) que emerge oportunamente a través de una ventana próxima al extremo de salida de la bandeja (16), quedando dicha caja retenida y posicionada, mientras que la central del segundo terno contacta por la cara interior de su lateral trasero con un tope elevable (18) que emerge a través de una ventana próxima al extremo de entrada de la bandeja (16) quedando también posicionado el segundo terno ya que sus cajas extremas han avanzado también hasta que sus testeros delanteros contactan con los traseros de las cajas extremas del primer terno (véase la Figura 17).Meanwhile, the central boxes of the first and the second terno advance simultaneously in their positions invariable, passing on a central lifting tray (16) located in axial longitudinal position, until the first terno contact the outer side of its front side with a lift stop (17) that emerges in a timely manner through a window next to the exit end of the tray (16), said retained and positioned box, while the central of the second terno contact the inner side of its back side with a lift stop (18) that emerges through a window next to the tray inlet end (16) being also positioned the second terno since its extreme boxes have also advanced until their front heads contact the rear of the extreme boxes of the first terno (see Figure 17).

En las posiciones relativas descritas de las cajas del primero y del segundo terno, se eleva ligeramente la bandeja (16), levantando con ella a las dos cajas centrales, en cuyo momento actúan simultáneamente sobre los fondos de las cajas extremas de los dos ternos, sendos empujadores neumáticos de uñas, presionando sobre dichos fondos en sentidos opuestos, hacia la caja central, dejando dos ternos pre-enfardados, a falta de la aproximación definitiva de las bocas abiertas enfrentadas de las cajas extremas de los dos ternos (véanse las Figuras 18 a 21).In the described relative positions of the boxes of the first and second terno, the tray (16), lifting with it the two central boxes, in whose moment act simultaneously on the funds of the boxes ends of the two terns, two pneumatic nail pushers, pressing on these funds in opposite directions, towards the cashier central, leaving two pre-wrapped terns, in the absence of the definitive approximation of the open mouths faced by the extreme boxes of the two terns (see Figures 18 a twenty-one).

En estas condiciones, se produce el descenso de la bandeja, así como los topes centrales, quedando liberados los dos ternos pre-enfardados para su paso a la Estación siguiente.Under these conditions, the decrease in the tray, as well as the central stops, leaving the two pre-encased terns for passage to the Station next.

Estación 3Station 3

Angry

Los dos ternos pre-enfardados en la Estación 2, sufren en la Estación 3 un nuevo cambio de dirección de 90° en el sentido del avance, ya que entran en ella con los testeros por delante y pasan a la Estación 4 con los fondos por delante (véase la Figura 22).The two pre-wrapped terns in Station 2, undergo Station 3 a new change of direction of 90 ° in the direction of the advance, since they enter it with the front ends and go to Station 4 with the funds for front (see Figure 22).

La transición entre las Estaciones 3 y 4 se realiza con la ayuda de un empujador (20), cuyas uñas se mueven entre los rodillos del transportador de avance en la Estación 3 y actúan contra los fondos de dos cajas extremas contiguas, una de cada terno, aproximándolas a las cajas centrales respectivas, y éstas, a las otras cajas extremas de su propio terno.The transition between Stations 3 and 4 is performed with the help of a pusher (20), whose nails move between the rollers of the feed conveyor in Station 3 and they act against the funds of two adjacent end boxes, one of each terno, bringing them closer to the respective central boxes, and these, to the other extreme boxes of its own terno.

Cuando sobrepasan los fardos emparejados el límite de los rodillos, deslizan por una rampa (21) hasta que tropiezan con un tope fijo (22) existente al final de dicha rampa, con cuyo impacto se completa su cierre por el contacto entre los bordes de las caras abiertas de las cajas extremas de cada terno (véanse las Figuras 23 a 27).When paired bales exceed roller limit, slide down a ramp (21) until they encounter a fixed stop (22) existing at the end of said ramp, whose impact is completed its closure by contact between edges of the open faces of the end boxes of each terno (see Figures 23 to 27).

Los movimientos sucesivos del empujador (20) son los siguientes: elevación (Figura 23); empuje para cerrar los fardos y deslizarlos a lo largo de los rodillos hasta su extremo (Figura 24); ligero retroceso para facilitar su descenso (Figuras 25 y 26); retroceso hasta su posición inicial en la cual se reinicia el ciclo (Figuras 27 y 23).The successive movements of the pusher (20) are the following: elevation (Figure 23); push to close the bales and slide them along the rollers to their end (Figure 24); slight recoil to facilitate its descent (Figures 25 and 26); recoil to its initial position in which Restart the cycle (Figures 27 and 23).

Estación 4Station 4

Bale flipping

Los fardos situados por parejas al final de la rampa (21) y retenidos allí por el tope fijo (22), han de ser volteados para facilitar su posterior paletización, de forma que en lugar de apoyar sobre los laterales de las dos cajas ; extremas respectivas, lo hagan sobre el fondo de cada una de ellas.Bales placed in pairs at the end of the ramp (21) and retained there by the fixed stop (22), must be turned to facilitate its subsequent palletizing, so that in place of resting on the sides of the two boxes; extreme respective, do it on the background of each of them.

El cambio posicional lo realiza una pieza (23) en forma de sector circular, que gira alrededor de su centro (24) situado junto al tope fijo (22), empujando a los fardos por los laterales de apoyo de sus cajas extremas, para entregarlos apoyados en uno de los fondos de dichas cajas al transportador de avance de la Estación siguiente (véanse las Figuras 29 a 34).The positional change is made by a piece (23) in circular sector shape, which revolves around its center (24) located next to the fixed stop (22), pushing the bales by the lateral support of its extreme boxes, to deliver supported in one of the funds of said boxes to the feed conveyor of the next Station (see Figures 29 to 34).

Estación 5Station 5

Bale and pallet lung

En esta Estación han sido previstos dos transportadores de rodillos (25, 26), que se mueven en planos horizontales superpuestos, de los que el superior (25) recibe los pares de fardos apoyados sobre el fondo de una de sus cajas extremas respectivas, mientras que el inferior (26) arrastra palets.In this Station two have been planned roller conveyors (25, 26), which move in planes horizontal overlays, from which the superior (25) receives the pairs of bales resting on the bottom of one of their boxes respective extremes, while the lower (26) drag pallets

Cuando el transportador superior (25) ha recibido tres pares de fardos y los ha dispuesto en posiciones contiguas (véanse las Figuras 32, 33 y 34), los transfiere a la Estación siguiente para su paletización.When the upper conveyor (25) has received three pairs of bales and have arranged them in adjacent positions (see Figures 32, 33 and 34), transfer them to the Station Next for palletizing.

Entretanto, el sector circular (23), que ha permanecido elevado deteniendo la entrada de nuevos fardos al transportador (25) superior, inicia su descenso girando en sentido inverso, contactando con los fardos de la primera pareja siguiente a través de un rodillo loco (27) para evitar rozamientos, permitiendo el acceso al transportador superior (25) cuando alcanza su posición inicial.Meanwhile, the circular sector (23), which has remained elevated stopping the entry of new bales to the upper conveyor (25), begins its descent by turning in direction reverse, contacting the bales of the first next couple through a crazy roller (27) to avoid friction, allowing access to the upper conveyor (25) when it reaches Your initial position.

Mediante la secuencia de operaciones descrita, la Estación 5 actúa como un "pulmón" regulador del suministro ordenado de capas de seis fardos y de palets a la Estación siguiente.Through the sequence of operations described, the Station 5 acts as a "lung" supply regulator Ordering layers of six bundles and pallets to the Station next.

Estación 6Station 6

Stacking and palletizing bales

En esta última estación se realizan las operaciones de apilado y posterior paletización que se mencionan, y para ello se ha previsto la disposición de los siguientes elementos mecánicos:In this last station the stacking and subsequent palletizing operations mentioned, and the provision of the following is planned for this mechanical elements:

--: Una mesa elevadora (28), cuyo plano superior lo configura un transportador de rodillos (29) que, en posición retraída de la mesa, es coplanario con el transportador superior (25) de la Estación 5 (Figura 35), mientras que en la posición elevada de la mesa, su plano superior rebasa ligeramente la altura de los fardos (véase la Figura 39);A lifting table (28), whose upper plane is configured by a roller conveyor (29) which, in a retracted position of the table, is coplanar with the top conveyor (25) of Station 5 (Figure 35), while that in the elevated position of the table, its upper plane exceeds slightly the height of the bales (see Figure 39);

--: Dos juegos de mordazas (30, 31) dobles, planas, dispuestas a un lado y otro del transportador (29) de la mesa elevadora (28), horizontales y paralelas, situadas las de cada lado en el mismo plano vertical; las inferiores (30) a nivel ligeramente superior al del transportador (29) de la mesa elevadora (28) cuando ésta se encuentra en posición retraída, y las superiores (31) a nivel ligeramente superior al de dicho transportador (29) cuando la mesa (28) está elevada;Two sets of jaws (30, 31) double, flat, arranged on either side of the conveyor (29) of the lifting table (28), horizontal and parallel, located on each side in the same vertical plane; the lower (30) at a level slightly higher than the conveyor (29) of the lift table (28) when it is is in a retracted position, and the upper (31) level slightly higher than that of said conveyor (29) when the table (28) is elevated;

--: Dos juegos de topes (32, 33) angulares, desplazables lateralmente, situados a la entrada y a la salida de la Estación 6, a un lado y otro en el sentido de avance de los fardos, que actúan inversamente como puertas, de modo que cuando los de entrada (32) están abiertos permitiendo el acceso de fardos a la Estación 6, los de salida (33) están cerrados impidiendo la salida de fardos de la Estación, y actuando también de guías en la elevación de las capas de fardos.Two sets of bumpers (32, 33) angular, laterally movable, located at the entrance and exit of Station 6, one side and another in the direction of advancement of the bales, which act inversely as doors, so that when the entrance (32) are open allowing the access of bales to Station 6, those of exit (33) are closed preventing the exit of bales from the Station, and also acting as guides in the elevation of the layers of bales

La operación de apilado y paletización de fardos se desarrolla en varias fases, en las que los elementos mecánicos precedentemente descritos realizan las funciones que seguidamente se relacionan:Bale stacking and palletizing operation It develops in several phases, in which the mechanical elements described above perform the functions that follow are related:

Fase 1Phase one

Acceso a la mesa elevadora (28), de la primera capa de seis fardos (Figuras 35-36 y 37-38):Access to the lift table (28), of the first six-layer layer (Figures 35-36 and 37-38):

--: Mesa elevadora (28) retraída.Lifting table (28) withdrawn

--: Transportador (29) coplanario con el (25) de la Estación 5.Conveyor (29) coplanar with (25) of Station 5.

--: Mordazas inferiores (30) y superiores (31), abiertas.Lower jaws (30) and higher (31), open.

--: Puertas de entrada (32) abiertas, y de salida (33) cerradas.Entrance doors (32) open, and exit (33) closed.

Fase 2Phase two

Elevación de la primera capa de fardos (Figuras 39 y 40) :Lifting of the first layer of bales (Figures 39 and 40):

--: Mesa elevadora (28) extendida.Lifting table (28) extended.

--: Transportador (29) elevado.Conveyor (29) high.

--: Mordazas superiores (31) cerradas, sosteniendo a la primera capa de fardos en posición elevada.Upper jaws (31) closed, holding the first layer of bales in position high.

--: Puertas de entrada (32) y de salida (33), cerradas.Entrance doors (32) and exit (33), closed.

Fase 3Phase 3

Entrada de la segunda capa de fardos (Figuras 41 a 44):Entry of the second layer of bales (Figures 41 to 44):

--: Mesa elevadora (28) retraída.Lifting table (28) withdrawn

--: Mordazas superiores (31) cerradas e inferiores (30) abiertas.Upper jaws (31) closed and lower (30) open.

--: Puertas de entrada (32) abiertas y de salida (33) cerradas.Entrance doors (32) open and exit (33) closed.

Fase 4Phase 4

Elevación de la segunda capa de seis fardos (Figuras 45-46):Elevation of the second layer of six bales (Figures 45-46):

--: Mesa elevadora (28) extendida.Lifting table (28) extended.

--: Transportador (29) elevado.Conveyor (29) high.

Fase 5Phase 5

Entrada de la tercera capa de seis fardos (Figuras 47-48 y 49-50):Entrance of the third layer of six bales (Figures 47-48 and 49-50):

--: Mesa elevadora (28) retraída.Lifting table (28) withdrawn

--: Transportador (29) coplanario con el (15) de la Estación 5.Conveyor (29) coplanar with (15) of Station 5.

Fase 6Phase 6

Entrada de un palet (Figuras 51-52 y 53-54):Pallet entry (Figures 51-52 and 53-54):

--: Mesa elevadora (28) retraída al máximo.Lifting table (28) retracted to the maximum.

--: Transportador (29) coplanario con el inferior de la Estación 5.Conveyor (29) coplanar with the bottom of Station 5.

--: Mordazas superiores (31) abiertas e inferiores (30) cerradas.Upper jaws (31) open and lower (30) closed.

Fase 7Phase 7

Elevación del palet cargado (Figuras 55-56):Lifting the loaded pallet (Figures 55-56):

--: Mesa elevadora (28) retraída.Lifting table (28) withdrawn

--: Transportador (29) coplanario con el superior (25) de Estación 5.Conveyor (29) coplanar with the superior (25) of Station 5.

--: Mordazas superiores (31) e inferiores (30) abiertas.Upper jaws (31) and lower (30) open.

--: Puertas de entrada (32) cerradas y de salida (33) abiertas.Entrance doors (32) closed and exit (33) open.

Fase 8Phase 8

Transferencia del palet cargado con dieciocho fardos, desde la Estación 6 hasta la Estación 7.Transfer of pallet loaded with eighteen bales, from Station 6 to Station 7.

--: Mesa elevadora (28) retraída.Lifting table (28) withdrawn

--: Transportador (29) coplanario con el superior de la Estación 5 y el de la Estación 7.Conveyor (29) coplanar with the superior of Station 5 and that of the Station 7.

No se considera necesario hacer más extenso el contenido de esta descripción para que un experto en la materia pueda comprender su alcance y las ventajas derivadas de la invención, así como desarrollar y llevar a la práctica el objeto de la misma.It is not considered necessary to make the content of this description for a subject matter expert can understand its scope and the advantages derived from the invention, as well as develop and implement the object of the same.

No obstante, debe entenderse que la invención ha sido descrita según una realización preferida de la misma, por lo que puede ser susceptible de modificaciones sin que ello suponga alteración alguna del fundamento de dicha invención, pudiendo afectar tales modificaciones a la forma, el tamaño y/o a los materiales de fabricación, tanto de cualquiera de sus mecanismos individuales como al propio conjunto.However, it should be understood that the invention has been described according to a preferred embodiment thereof, so which may be subject to change without implying any alteration of the basis of said invention, being able to affect such modifications to the shape, size and / or manufacturing materials, both of any of its mechanisms individual as to the set itself.

Claims

1. Procedure of automatic double wrapping of field boxes, in continuous cycle, for their transport to the place of collection of the fruits that they must contain, characterized in that their implementation is carried out successively in several Conventional Stations or locations in those that occur the different phases of the process, according to the following sequence and content: Station 1, of feeding and positioning of empty boxes; Station 2, double pre-bundled; Station 3, of bundling; Station 4, of turning the bales; Station 5, constituting the bale and pallet regulating lung; Station 6, of stacking and palletizing of bales, and station 7, of expedition of loaded pallets.

2. Method according to claim 1, characterized in that the empty boxes access the Station 1 carried by a conventional conveyor (1), of trapezoidal belts or chains, aligned, inverted and contiguous according to the known arrangement, said conveyor being capable of tilt around an articulation shaft (2), actuated by a pneumatic cylinder (3), producing with its descent the transfer of the boxes to a roller conveyor (4) whose direction of advance is perpendicular to that of the belt conveyor (1 ), said tilting occurs when the first box of a terno reaches a fixed stop (5) located at the end of said belt conveyor (1), while the second and third boxes are retained, with convenient separations, by means of nails (6) that emerge between the conveyor rollers (4), and that descend when the advance of the terno, initiated by this conveyor (4) with a change of trajectory of 90 °, while the supply of empty boxes is paralyzed due to the intervention of a lifting stop (7) that prevents the entry into the circuit of a second set of empty boxes, until the advance of the first set leaves space for that; and because the advance of the boxes of the same tern on rollers, takes place in two parallel and successive planes, the input conveyor (4) being at a level slightly higher than the output (4 ') and the slope being saved by the extreme boxes by sliding by two inclined planes (8) of great slope, which destabilize them and make them tip over one of their sides, while the central box slides on a smoother slope (9) that allows you to save the slope without losing the entry position, thus producing its guided advance by means of divergent vertical plates (10), which separate them from the central box to allow their rotation later without interfering with it, bringing their external heads to the respective edges of the machine where , when advancing, successively find orthogonal steps (11), and stops (12) fixed in their location but adjustable in three dimensions, to adapt them effectively to the characteristics Formal form of the corner of the box, on whose nerves of the base they have to temporarily influence to contribute to the rotation of the extreme boxes, until they support their funds in two orientating planes (13), convergent in the direction of advancement, to position them adequately.

3. Method according to claim 1, characterized in that the end boxes of each tern access the Station 2 in convergent oblique positions in the direction of the advance, with their bottoms supported by the orientation planes (13), and at the end of the slide supported, they gradually adopt opposite parallel positions, until the front ends of the first tern contact two fixed transverse stops (14) that, complemented with other elevating central stops (15), are retained while advancing the boxes of the second terno, taking place in definitively, in the transition from the first to the second Station, a 90 ° rotation of said end boxes, while the central boxes of the first and the second tern advance simultaneously in their invariable positions, passing over an elevating central tray (16) located in axial longitudinal position, until that of the first terno contacts through the outer face of its front side with a lifting stop (17) that emerges in a timely manner through a window next to the exit end of the tray (16), said box being retained and positioned, while the central of the second terno contacts through the inner side of its rear side with a lifting stop (18) that emerges through a window near the inlet end of the tray (16), the second set also being positioned since its end boxes have also advanced until their front poles contact the rear of the extreme boxes of the first tern, producing in this position a slight elevation of the tray (16), lifting with it the two central boxes, at which time they act simultaneously on the bottoms of the end boxes of the two terns, both pneumatic pushers of nails that exert pressure in opposite directions, towards the central box, leaving two pre-encased terns, in the absence of the definitive approach of the open mouths rented from the extreme boxes of the two terns, in whose conditions the tray descends as well as the central stops, the two pre-packaged terns being released for its passage to the next Station.

4. The method according to claim 1, characterized in that the two pre-packaged terns in Station 2, undergo in Station 3 a new change of 90 ° in the direction of the advance, since they enter it with the front ends and go to Station 4 with the funds in front, transitioning between Stations 3 and 4 with the help of a pusher (20) whose nails move between the rollers of the feed conveyor in Station 3 and act against the funds of two adjacent end boxes, one of each terno, approaching them to the respective central boxes, and these, to the other extreme boxes of their own terno, the paired bales sliding down a ramp (21) when they exceed the limit of the rollers, until that they encounter a fixed stop (22) existing at the end of said ramp, whose impact is completed by closing the contact between the edges of the open faces of the end boxes of each terno, the movements being their passive of the pusher (20), the lifting, push to close the bales and slide them along the rollers to their end, slight recoil to facilitate their descent, and recoil to their initial position in which the cycle is restarted.

5. Method according to claim 1, characterized in that the bales located in pairs at the end of the ramp (21) and retained there by means of the fixed stop (22), are turned to facilitate subsequent palletizing, so that instead of supporting on the sides of the two respective end boxes, they do it on the bottom of each one of them, making the change by means of a piece (23) configured as a circular sector, which revolves around its center (24) located next to the fixed stop (22), pushing the bales by the support sides of their end boxes, to deliver them supported on one of the bottoms of said boxes to the feed conveyor of the next Station.

Method according to claim 1, characterized in that in Station 4 the arrangement of two roller conveyors (25, 26) that move in superimposed horizontal planes, from which the upper one (25) receives the pairs is provided of bales resting on the bottom of one of their respective end boxes, while the lower one (26) drags pallets, so that when the upper conveyor (25) has received three pairs of bales and has arranged them in adjacent positions, it transfers them to the next station for palletizing, while the circular sector (23), which has remained elevated, stopping the entry of new bales to the upper conveyor (25), begins its descent by turning in the reverse direction, contacting the bales of the first pair following through a crazy roller (27) to avoid friction, allowing access to the upper conveyor (25) when it reaches its initial position.

7. Method according to claim 1, characterized in that the operation of stacking and palletizing of bales is carried out in Station 6, in a succession of phases that are the following:

Phase 1: Access to the first layer of (six) bales to the lifting table, according to the table sequence (28) lift (28) retracted, conveyor (29) positioned coplanar with the conveyor (25) of Station 5, jaws (30) lower and (31) upper open, and entrance doors (32) open, and exit (33) closed;

Phase 2: Elevation of the first layer of bales, by means of the extended lifting table sequence (28), high conveyor (29), upper jaws (31) closed holding the first layer of bales in an elevated position, and entrance (32) and exit (33) doors closed;

Phase 3: Entry of the second layer of bales, following the sequence of lifting table (28) retracted (28), conveyor (2.9) coplanar with the conveyor (25) of the Station 5, jaws (31) upper closed and lower (30) open, and entrance doors (32) open and exit (33) closed

Phase 4: Elevation of the second layer of (six) bales, by means of the extended lifting table sequence (28), high conveyor (29), upper jaws (31) closed and open bottom (30), and entry doors (32) and exit doors (33), closed;

Phase 5: Entry of the third layer of six bales, by means of the retracted lifting table sequence (28), Conveyor (29) coplanar with the conveyor (25) of the Station 5, jaws (31) upper closed and (30) lower (30) open, and entrance doors (32) open and exit (33) closed

Phase 6: Entry of a pallet, following the lifting table sequence (28) retracted to maximum, conveyor (29) coplanar with the bottom (26) of Station 5, jaws (31) upper open and (30) lower closed, and doors entry (32) and exit (33), closed;

Phase 7: Lifting the loaded pallet, using the lifting table sequence (28) retracted, conveyor (29) coplanar with the upper conveyor (25) of Station 5, jaws (31) upper and (30) lower open, and doors entrance (32) closed and exit (33) open;

Phase 8: Transfer of the pallet loaded with the (eighteen) bales, from Station 6 to Station 7, following the lifting table sequence (28) retracted, conveyor (29) coplanar with the upper conveyor (25) of Station 5 and the Station 7, jaws (31) upper and (30) lower open, and entrance doors (32) closed and exit (33) open.

8. Device for the implementation of the method claimed in claims 1 to 7 above, characterized in that the structure of Station 1 comprises:

a belt conveyor (1), trapezoidal or chains, capable of tilting around a articulation shaft (2), driven by a pneumatic cylinder (3), and equipped with a fixed stop (5) located at the end of its path;

a roller conveyor (4), with a sense of feed perpendicular to the feed conveyor (1), and divided into two planes, with the input level slightly more high than the output (4 '), linked by inclined planes (8) high slope ends and a central inclined plane (9) of gentle slope;

lifting nail stops (6), which emerge between the conveyor rollers (4), establishing separations between the boxes;

a lifting stop (7) that temporarily prevents the entry of boxes into the circuit;

two divergent vertical plates (10), for the separation guidance between the end boxes and the central;

two transverse steps (11) and perpendicular to the direction of progress, and

two stops (12) of fixed location, but of adjustable dimensions, located on the steps (11) cited cross-sections.

9. Device according to claim 8, characterized in that the structure of said Station 2 further comprises:

two orientation planes (13), converging on the sense of progress;

two fixed transverse stops (14), perpendicular to the direction of progress;

two stops (15) central elevators;

a central lifting tray (16), located in axial longitudinal position;

an elevable stop (17), which emerges through a window next to the exit end of the tray (16);

a lifting stop (18), which emerges through a window next to the input end of the tray (16), and

two pneumatic nail pushers (19), facing one side and another in the sense of progress, which they press in opposite directions.

10. Device according to claim 8, characterized in that the structure of Station 3 includes:

a pusher (20), whose nails move between the feed conveyor rollers, and

a ramp (21), adjacent to the end of the feed conveyor rollers, and provided at its end bottom of a fixed stop (22).

11. Device according to claim 8, characterized in that the structure of Station 4 comprises:

a piece (23) in the form of a circular sector, able to rotate around its center (24) located next to the fixed stop (22), pushing the exit bales when it is raised and temporarily retaining entry bales when descends, supported by a roller (27) crazy.

12. Device according to claim 8, characterized in that the structure of Station 5 includes:

two roller conveyors (25, 26) that are move in horizontal overlapping planes, of which the upper (25) receive the pairs of bales resting on the bottom of one of their respective extreme boxes, while the lower one (26) drag pallets.

13. Device according to claim 8, characterized in that the structure of Station 6 includes:

a lifting table (28), whose upper plane set up a conveyor (29), so that in the position retracted from the table, said conveyor is coplanar with the top conveyor (25) of Station 5, while in the raised table position, said conveyor (29) exceeds slightly the height of the bales;

two sets of jaws (30, 31) double, flat, arranged on either side of the conveyor (29) of the table lift (28), horizontal and parallel, located on each side in the same vertical plane, the lower ones (30) being at a level slightly higher than the conveyor (29) of the lift table (28) when it is retracted, and the upper (31) level slightly higher than that of said conveyor (29) when the table (28) is elevated, and

two sets of angular stops (32, 33), laterally movable, located at the entrance and exit of Station 6, on one side and another in the direction of progress of the bales, which act inversely as doors, so that when the input (32) are open allowing access to Bales at Station 6, the exit ones (33) are closed preventing the exit of bales from the Station, and also acting of guides in the elevation of the layers of bales.