ES2210051T3 - EMPLOYMENT OF FAT DERIVATIVES AS AGENTS FOR GRILLING IGNITION. - Google Patents

Abstract

Fat derivatives selected from fatty acid glycerides, fatty acid esters, fatty alcohols and guerbet alcohols with a solidification temperature of below 0 degrees C, an iodine number of less than 20 and a surface tension of greater than 25 nM/m, are used as lamp oils and lighting fluids for charcoal grills. Preferred materials are esters of 8-18 C fatty acids with linear and/or branched 1-8 C alcohols. The material preferably has a viscosity of more than 2 cStokes at 40 degrees C. The fat derivative may be mixed with thickeners (polysaccharides, cellulose derivatives, polyethylene glycol mono- and -diesters, polyacrylates, etc.) and natural or artificial perfumes and dyes before use.

Description

Use of fatty derivatives as agents for Grilling.

Field of the Invention

The invention relates to the use of derivatives fatty acids with a solidification point less than 0 ° C, with an index of iodine of 20 and with a surface tension greater than 25 mN / m a agent mode for grilling.

State of the art

A large number of various oils are used to agent mode for grilling, thus, by For example, GB 0002610 discloses a procedure for obtaining of oils from vegetable oils, such as flaxseed oil or Sesame oil. In this case it is a very procedure expensive. Another application, from 1861 and 1870, contains procedures for the production of mineral oil [GB 0003175] or fine oil [GB 0000709] for use as oil for lamps. Other developments have been directed to the use of oils whose vapors would have, for example, disinfectant character [GB 0001487]. Most requests, however, deal with various procedures for the manufacture of agents for ignition of grills from mineral oil or from Petroleum.

Due to the availability and the convenient price agents have been imposed for the ignition of grills based on fossil fuels, especially based on mineral oil and are usually also used today. A typical composition of grilling agents, currently used, has been indicated in the Deutschen Ärzteblatt 92, notebook 39, 1995 (55) , according to which this would be predominantly constituted by homologous n-alkanes with a length chain from 9 carbon atoms to 18 carbon atoms. As main representatives have been indicated: n-decane (15.8% by weight), n-undecano (8.6% by weight), n-dodecane (23.6% by weight), n-tridecane (38.2 % by weight) as well as n-tetradecane (11.8% by weight). Toxicological repairs in relation to the agents for the ignition of grills, which are commercially available, correspond to the danger due to aspiration and the consequent pneumonia produced by the solvents. Precisely in the past years live discussions have been held on the agents for the ignition of grills based on mineral oil [ Deutsches Ärzteblatt 1995 (35) ] and as a consequence there was a requirement to modify the hazard regulations. In the field of the twenty-second adaptation of the industrial advance (ATP), whose basis constitutes the directive for hazardous substances 67/548 EEC, these substances will have to carry in the future, instead of the hazard indication R 22 for the hazard by aspiration, the characterization R 65 ("harmful to health, can lead to lung damage by ingestion") as well as the danger symbol "Xn" (harmful to health).

The complex task of the present invention it consisted, therefore, in replacing these agents for lighting of grills, harmful to health, by others that were harmless to health, while maintaining the good industrial application properties, especially a Call as free as possible from soot. At the same time the agents for the ignition of grills they must have a coloration own as well as an own smell as low as possible and should  can be adapted in a very simple way according to the consumer wishes by adding perfumes and / or of dyes

Description of the invention

The object of the invention is the use of fatty derivatives with a solidification point less than 0 ° C, with an iodine index above 20 and with a surface tension greater than 25 mN / m as agents for starting grills.

It has been found now, surprisingly, that fatty derivatives with a solidification point less than 0 ° C, with an iodine index less than 20 and with a surface tension greater than 25 mN / m, especially fatty acid esters, fatty alcohols and / or Guerbet alcohols are excellently suitable as agents for the ignition of grills and, in this case, are at the same time harmless to the Health. These burn in the absence of soot and behave in a way neutral with respect to smell, at the same time they are not required to be characterized according to the new regulations. In addition to employment in the form of liquid agents for the ignition of grills can imbibe with fatty derivatives, to be used according to the invention, also the usual materials, known by the state of the technique for solid agents for grill ignition, and thus also manufacture solid agents for the Grilling.

Fatty derivatives, to be used according to the invention, preferably, have a color less than 100 APHA (= American Public Health Association, see Römpp 9th edition, page 1306, color index) and, therefore, are almost colorless. Low own color as well as an odor as small as possible are decisive criteria for acceptance and also enable the manufacture of agents for the ignition of grills adapted to the wishes of consumers through the addition of dyes and / or perfumes. According to the field of desired application the viscosity of the fatty derivatives by the addition of thickeners.

Fatty derivatives

Within the meaning of this application, they will mean fatty derivatives glycerides of fatty acids as well as the fatty acid esters obtained therefrom, fatty alcohols and / or Guerbet alcohols, as well as their industrial mixtures Within the meaning of the present invention, they will preferably use fatty acid esters.

Fatty acid glycerides

The glycerides of fatty acids, to be used as starting materials according to the invention, they can be the fats or the usual, natural, vegetable or animal oils. TO these belong, for example, palm oil, seed oil palm, cottonseed oil, rapeseed oil, oil coconut, peanut oil, olive oil, flaxseed oil, oil of babassu, tar oil, olive bone oil, Meadowfoam oil, Chaulmoogra oil, coriander oil, soybean oil, castor oil, lard oil, tallow of cow, lard, fish oil as well as New and old vintage sunflower seeds and rapeseed oil. The main components of these fats and oils are glycerides of various types of fatty acids that contain considerable amounts of impurities such as, for example, aldehyde compounds, phospholipid compounds and fatty acids free. These materials can be used directly or after a pre-purification In some cases it is especially recommended esterify free fatty acids, in a previous reaction, with lower alcohols In addition to the natural glycerides of fatty acids can also be used synthetic glycerides of fatty acids, which are obtained, for example, by esterification of glycerin with fatty acids. In this case they must understand by fatty acids, the aliphatic carboxylic acids of a formula (I),

(I) R 1 CO-OH

wherein R 1 CO means an acyl moiety aliphatic, linear or branched, with 6 to 24 carbon atoms and 0 and / or 1,2 or 3 double bonds. Typical examples are capronic acid, caprylic acid, 2-ethylhexanoic acid, acid caprinic, lauric acid, isotridecanic acid, myristic acid, palmitic acid, palmoleic acid, stearic acid, acid isostearic, oleic acid, elaidinic acid, petroselinic acid, linoleic acid, linolenic acid, elaeoestearic acid, acid arachidic, gadolic acid, behenic acid, and erucic acid, as well as their industrial mixtures, which are obtained, for example in the pressure dissociation of fats and natural oils, in the reduction of aldehydes from Roelen oxosynthesis or the dimerized from unsaturated fatty acids. In the sense of The present invention can be used as acid glycerides fatty both triglycerides of fatty acids and, also, partial glycerides of the corresponding fatty acids, such as monkey and diglycerides

Fatty alcohols

It will be understood as fatty alcohols, alcohols aliphatic, primary, of the formula (II),

(II) R 1 OH

where R 1 means a remainder aliphatic hydrocarbon, linear or branched, with 6 to 24 carbon atoms and 0 and / or 1, 2 or 3 double bonds. Typical examples they are caprón-alcohol, capril-alcohol, 2-ethylhexyl alcohol, caprin-alcohol, lauryl-alcohol, isotridecyl alcohol, myristyl alcohol, cetyl alcohol, palmoleil-alcohol, stearyl-alcohol, isostearyl alcohol, oleyl alcohol, elaidyl alcohol, petroselinyl alcohol, linolyl alcohol, linolenyl alcohol, elaeoestearil-alcohol, arakyl alcohol, gadoleyl alcohol, Behenyl alcohol, erucil alcohol and Brazil-alcohol, as well as its industrial mixtures, which are obtained, for example, in the high pressure hydrogenation of industrial methyl esters based on fats and oils or of aldehydes from Roelen oxosynthesis as well as in monomer fraction form in dimerized fatty alcohols unsaturated

Fatty acid esters

They will be understood in the scope of this invention by fatty acid esters, acid esters fatty acids indicated in formula (I) with linear alcohols or branched, saturated or unsaturated, with 1 to 20 atoms of carbon. However, esters of the fatty acids with polyhydric alcohols, being able to be used as of alcoholic component, in addition to glycerin, for example also trimethylolpropane. Preferably, the esters of fatty acids with 8 to 18 carbon atoms with alcohols with 1 to 8 carbon atoms, especially alcohols linear with 1 to 4 carbon atoms and / or branched alcohols with 3 to 8 carbon atoms. Especially preferred 2-ethylhexyl methyl esters will be used, of ethyl, butyl, isopropyl as well as esters of trimethylolpropane As components of fatty acids are suitable, especially, industrial mixtures of fatty acids according to formula (I) as well as, preferably, the fractions of fatty acids obtained from lauric oils, especially palm oil, palm kernel, tallow and / or coconut oil. It is preferably the use of a methyl ester with 12/18 atoms of carbon, the use of Edenor® E814 being especially preferred which is a 2-ethylhexyl ester with 8/14 atoms of carbon, which is also characterized because it is associated with class 0 of danger to the waters. In addition, you can adjust your viscosity by the addition of thickeners. The esters of the Fatty acids, indicated, are characterized by low coloration own as well as by a low own smell, at the same time they can be modified, excellently, by means of dyes and odorizers and have a color stability extraordinarily high. Esters of fatty acids they also have good color stability at high temperature.

Guerbet spirits

Alkaline condensation of alcohols to preferably give high molecular weight iso-alcohols was first published by Guerbet in 1899. Machemer explained in 1952 the fundamental phases of the reaction [see Angewandte Chemie 64, 213 (1952) ]. In addition to dehydrogenation to give ketone, in which hydrogen is dissociated, and aldocondensation, it constitutes an important stage in the development of the crotonized reaction, in which water dissociates. The state of the art is constituted by a conduction of the reaction at normal pressure and at a reaction temperature from 240 to 260 ° C. Branched alcohols, obtained in this way, have been referred to as Guerbet alcohols. It is known from the state of the art in the meantime a plurality of other procedures according to which Guerbet alcohols are obtained. According to the invention, arbitrary mixtures of the indicated fatty derivatives with a solidification point below 0 ° C, preferably between -5 and -40 ° C, with a surface tension above 25 mN / m - can be used to avoid aspiration hazard - as well as with an iodine index below 20 - to ensure the least possible soot formation -. Preferably the fatty derivatives, to be used according to the invention are colorless and odorless.

Preferably, fatty acid esters indicated are excellently suitable as agents for the on and grills since they allow a very incorporation good of odorizing products and dyes and have their own smell extraordinarily small They also have a good color stability even at high temperatures and burn without leave residues In the case of some acid derivatives, especially in the case of triglycerides, such as for example olive oil, flaxseed oil, or even oil sesame, the problem of a flame that forms a large amount of soot since the iodine index is found by above 20. For use according to the invention it is necessary in this case, therefore, its mixing with other fatty derivatives and / or production of the iodine index by partial hydrogenation.

Thickeners

Suitable thickening agents are, by example, polysaccharides, especially xanthan gum, guar-guar, agar-agar, alginates and tyloses, carboxymethyl cellulose and hydroxyethyl cellulose, in addition, heavy weight polyethylene glycol monoesters and diesters Molecular fatty acid polyacrylate (for example Carbopole® from Goodrich or Synthalene® from Sigma), polyacrylamides, alcohol polyvinyl and polyvinyl pyrrolidone, surfactants, such as, for example, ethoxylated fatty acid glycerides, acid esters fatty with polyols such as pentaerythrite or trimethylolpropane, fatty alcohol ethoxylates with a narrow distribution of homologs or alkyl oligoglycosides. Especially preferably polypropylene glycol will be used. as a thickening agent. Thickening agents can be used in an amount from 0 to 25, preferably from 5 to 20% by weight, based on the fatty derivative. according to the invention, the Grilling agents preferably have a viscosity - determined according to Höppler - of at least 2, preferably at least 4 and, especially, greater than 7 cStokes at 40 ° C.

Odorizers

As odorizers to obtain the agents for lighting grills with various odor notes, perfume scents can be used. As scented essences can be cited, for example, are extracts of petals (lavender, roses, jasmine, neroli ), stems and leaves (geranium, Patchouli, Petitgrain), fruits (anise, coriander, cumin, thread) fruit peels (Bergamot , lemon, orange), roots ( Mace , Angelica , celery, Kardamon, Costus , Iris, Calmus ), woods (sandalwood, Guajak, cedar, rosewood), medicinal herbs and grass (tarragon, Lemongras, sage, Thymian), needles and branches (pines, firs, rhodes, carrasco), resins and balms ( Galbanum. Elemi , Benzoe , Myrtle, Olibanum , Opooponax ). Other suitable raw materials consideration animals such as, for example, musk, civet and castoreum. Synthetic or semi-synthetic perfumes include ambroxane, eugenol, isoeugenol, citronelal, hydroxycitonelal, geraniol, citronellol, geranyl acetate, citral, ionone and methylionone. In addition, odorizing products can be used, such as those already described in GB 0001679 of the year 1855.

Dyes

Suitable colorants can be used as suitable and admitted substances for cosmetic purposes, such as those found in the publication "Kosmetische Färbemittel" der Farbstoffkommission der Deutschen Forschungsgemeinschaft, Verlag Chemie, Weinheim, 1984, page 81-106 . These dyes are usually used in concentrations from 0.001 to 0.1% by weight, based on the mixture as a whole.

Examples

The examples according to the invention (B1 to B3) and the comparative examples (V1 to V3) have been carried out with the grilling agents indicated in the Table 1. To this end, 20 ml were placed in a crucible respectively of the oil, they were equipped with a wick with a length of 12.5 cm and They went on. After 20 minutes of burning time He extinguished the flame. In the table means gl = yellowish, ff = almost colorless, f = colorless and st = strong.

TABLE 1 Properties of agents for powering on grills

Properties V1 V2 V3 one two 3 Product TO B C D AND F Solidification point [ºC] approx. 6 approx. approx. approx. approx. -8 -10 -5 -30 -25 Color (APHA liquid) gl ff (30) gl ff (20) f (<5) F (<5) Flame color light yellow Soot formation in the case st st st almost nothing almost nothing almost nothing of flame big Index of iodine 100-115 90-98 86-95 14-20 < two <2 Warming up liquid [0 ° C] 72 65 74 67 67 67 Wick Length [cm] 9.5 9 10 10 10 10 Consumption [g] 7 6.2 6.3 6.9 6.0 6.1 Combustion smell absent Viscosity, 40 ° C (cSt) 2.9 4.8 7.3 Surface tension, 40 ° C 27.3 26.6 27.1 [mN / m] A) Edenor® MeSu B) Ocenol® 90/95 V C) Edenor® MePC 1805 D) Edenor® MePK12-18 E) Edenor® E 814 F) Edenor® 814 + polypropylene glycol 2020 at 16% in weight.

Claims (7)

1. Use of fatty derivatives with a point of solidification less than 0 ° C, with an iodine index below 20 and with a surface tension greater than 25 mN / m as a Grilling agents. 2. Use according to claim 1, characterized in that the fatty derivatives are constituted by esters of fatty acids, fatty alcohols and / or Guerbet alcohols. 3. Use according to at least one of claims 1 and / or 2, characterized in that the fatty derivatives are constituted by fatty acid esters, especially fatty acid esters with 8 to 18 carbon atoms, with linear and / or branched alcohols with 1 to 8 carbon atoms. 4. Use according to at least one of claims 1 to 3, characterized in that the grilling agents have a viscosity greater than 2 cStokes at 40 ° C. 5. Use according to at least one of claims 1 to 4, characterized in that the fatty derivative additionally contains thickeners. 6. Use according to at least one of claims 1 to 5, characterized in that polypropylene glycol is used as a thickener. 7. Use according to at least one of claims 1 to 6, characterized in that dyes and / or odorizing products are added to the fatty derivatives.