EP0874038A2 - Application of fatty derivatives as lamp oil and grill-lighter - Google Patents

Abstract

Fat derivatives selected from fatty acid glycerides, fatty acid esters, fatty alcohols and guerbet alcohols with a solidification temperature of below 0 degrees C, an iodine number of less than 20 and a surface tension of greater than 25 nM/m, are used as lamp oils and lighting fluids for charcoal grills. Preferred materials are esters of 8-18 C fatty acids with linear and/or branched 1-8 C alcohols. The material preferably has a viscosity of more than 2 cStokes at 40 degrees C. The fat derivative may be mixed with thickeners (polysaccharides, cellulose derivatives, polyethylene glycol mono- and -diesters, polyacrylates, etc.) and natural or artificial perfumes and dyes before use.

Description

introduction

The invention relates to the use of fat derivatives with a solidification point less than 0 ° C, an iodine number below 20 and a surface tension of more than 25mN / m as lamp oils and / or grill lighters.

State of the art

Lamp oils played a big role before the introduction of electricity, for example in households, since usually petroleum lamps are used as light sources served. The largest number of patent applications and publications on this The area therefore dates back to the second half of the 19th century.

A variety of different oils were used as lamp oil, so disclosed for example GB 0002610 a process for the production of lamp oil based on vegetable oils such as linseed oil or sesame oil. It is about a very complex process. Further registration from the years 1861 and 1870 include procedures for the purification of mineral oil (GB 0003175) or petroleum (GB 0000709) for use as lamp oils. Other Developments went towards using lamp oils, for example their vapors should have a disinfectant effect (GB 0001487). The majority of registrations dealt with various processes for the production of Lamp oils from mineral oil or petroleum.

gesundheitsschädlich, kann beim Verschlucken zu Lungenschädigung führen

) sowie weiterhin das Gefahrensymbol Xn (gesundheitsschädlich).Due to the availability and the low price, lamp oils based on fossil fuels, in particular mineral oil-based, have become established and are usually still used today. A typical composition of the lamp oils to be used today is given in Deutsches Ärzteblatt 92, number 39, 1995 (55), according to which lamp oils mainly consist of homologous n-alkanes with a chain length of C9 to C18. The main representatives are: n-decane (15.8% by weight), n-undecane (8.6% by weight), n-dodecane (23.6% by weight), n-tridecane (38, 2% by weight) and n-tetradecane (11.8% by weight). The toxicological concerns regarding the lamp oils on the market are directed against the risk of aspiration and the resulting solvent pneumonia. Especially in the last few years there has been a lot of discussion about mineral oil-based lamp oils (Deutsches Ärzteblatt 1995 (35)) and this has resulted in a request to change the Hazardous Substances Ordinance. As part of the 22nd adaptation to technical progress (ATP), which is based on the Dangerous Substances Directives 67/548 EEC, these substances will in future have to be labeled R 65 instead of the hazard warning R 22 for the risk of aspiration (

harmful to health, can lead to lung damage if swallowed

) as well as the danger symbol Xn (harmful to health).

The complex object of the present invention was therefore this lamp oils harmful to health due to less harmful to health replace, while maintaining good application technology Properties, especially a soot-free flame. At the same time the lamp oils have the lowest possible color and odor have and in particular easily by adding fragrances and / or dyes Have the buyer's wishes adjusted accordingly.

Description of the invention

The invention accordingly relates to the use of fat derivatives with a Freezing point below 0 ° C, an iodine number below 20 and a surface tension of more than 25mN / m as lamp oils and / or grill lighters.

It has now surprisingly been found that fat derivatives with a Freezing point below 0 ° C, an iodine number below 20 and a surface tension of more than 25 mN / m, in particular fatty acid esters, fatty alcohols and / or Guerbet alcohols are excellent as lamp oils and at the same time are harmless to health. They burn without soot and behave odorless, at the same time they are not according to the new guidelines subject to labeling.

Furthermore, it was found that the same fat derivatives are also excellent Suitable as a liquid grill lighter, since the same requirements regarding the soot-free combustion, smell, color and toxicology apply as for the Lamp oils. In addition to being used as a liquid grill lighter, the Fat derivatives to be used according to the invention are also the conventional ones from the prior art Soak the materials known for fixed grill lighters and thus also Make fixed grill lighters.

The fat derivatives to be used according to the invention preferably have a color of less than 100 APHA (= American Public Health Association, see Römpp 9. Edition S 1306, color number) and are therefore rather colorless. The low intrinsic color and a low odor as possible are decisive criteria for the Acceptance and additionally allow by adding color and / or Fragrances the manufacture of special lamp oils and / or grill lighter. Depending on the desired field of application, the viscosity of the Adjust fat derivatives by adding thickeners.

Fat derivatives

Fat derivatives within the meaning of the present application include fatty acid glycerides, and fatty acid esters, fatty alcohols and / or Guerbet alcohols obtained therefrom, as well as to understand their technical mixtures. In the sense of the present invention fatty acid esters are preferably used.

Fatty acid glycerides

in der R ¹ CO für einen aliphatischen, linearen oder verzweigten Acylrest mit 6 bis 24 Kohlenstoffatomen und 0 und/oder 1, 2 oder 3 Doppelbindungen steht.The fatty acid glycerides to be used as starting materials according to the invention can be the usual natural vegetable or animal fats or oils. These include, for example, palm oil, palm kernel oil, cottonseed oil, rapeseed oil, coconut oil, peanut oil, olive oil, linseed oil, babassu oil, tea oil, olive kernel oil, meadowfoam oil, chaulmoogra oil, coriander oil, soybean oil, castor oil, lard oil, beef tallow, pork lard, fish oil and sunflower oil and sunflower oil and sunflower oil new breed. The main components of these fats and oils are glycerides of various types of fatty acids, which contain considerable amounts of impurities such as aldehyde compounds, phospholipid compounds and free fatty acids. These materials can be used directly or after prior purification. In some cases it is particularly advisable to esterify the free fatty acids in an upstream reaction with lower alcohols. In addition to the natural fatty acid glycerides, synthetic fatty acid glycerides can also be used, which are obtained, for example, by esterifying glycerol with fatty acids. Fatty acids are to be understood as meaning aliphatic carboxylic acids of the formula (I)

in the R ¹ CO stands for an aliphatic, linear or branched acyl radical with 6 to 24 carbon atoms and 0 and / or 1, 2 or 3 double bonds.

Typical examples are caproic acid, caprylic acid, 2-ethylhexanoic acid, capric acid, Lauric acid, isotridecanoic acid, myristic acid, palmitic acid, palmoleic acid, Stearic acid, isostearic acid, oleic acid, elaidic acid, petroselinic acid, linoleic acid, Linolenic acid, elaeostearic acid, arachic acid, gadoleic acid, behenic acid and Erucic acid and its technical mixtures, e.g. in the pressure splitting of natural fats and oils, in the reduction of aldehydes from Roelen's Oxosynthesis or dimerization of unsaturated fatty acids occur.

As fatty acid glycerides for the purposes of the present invention, both Fatty acid triglycerides, as well as corresponding fatty acid partial glycerides, such as mono- and Diglycerides are used.

Fatty alcohols

in der R¹ für einen aliphatischen, linearen oder verzweigten Kohlenwasserstoffrest mit 6 bis 24 Kohlenstoffatomen und 0 und/oder 1, 2 oder 3 Doppelbindungen steht.Fatty alcohols are to be understood as primary aliphatic alcohols of the formula (II)

in which R ^{1 represents} an aliphatic, linear or branched hydrocarbon radical having 6 to 24 carbon atoms and 0 and / or 1, 2 or 3 double bonds.

Typical examples are capronic alcohol, caprylic alcohol, 2-ethylhexyl alcohol, Capric alcohol, lauryl alcohol, isotridecyl alcohol, myristyl alcohol, cetyl alcohol, Palmoleyl alcohol, stearyl alcohol, isostearyl alcohol, oleyl alcohol, elaidyl alcohol, Petroselinyl alcohol, linolyl alcohol, linolenyl alcohol, elaeostearyl alcohol, Arachyl alcohol, gadoleyl alcohol, behenyl alcohol, erucyl alcohol and Brassidyl alcohol and their technical mixtures, e.g. in the High pressure hydrogenation of technical methyl esters based on fats and oils or aldehydes from Roelen's oxosynthesis and as a monomer fraction the dimerization of unsaturated fatty alcohols.

Fatty acid esters

In the context of the present invention, fatty acid esters are understood to be esters of the fatty acids listed in the formula (I) with linear or branched, saturated or unsaturated alcohols having 1 to 20 C atoms. However, esters of fatty acids with polyhydric alcohols can also be used, and in addition to glycerol, trimethylolpropane, for example, can also be used as the alcohol component. The esters of C ₈ to C ₁₈ fatty acids with C ₁ to C ₈ alcohols, in particular linear C ₁ to C ₄ and / or branched C ₃ to C ₈ alcohols, are preferably used. Methyl, 2-ethylhexyl, ethyl, butyl, isopropyl and trimethylolpropane esters are particularly preferably used. Suitable fatty acid components are, in particular, technical mixtures of fatty acids of the formula (I) and preferably the fatty acid cuts obtained from lauric oils, in particular palm, palm kernel, tallow and / or coconut oil. The use of a C _{12/18 methyl ester is} preferred. The use of Edenor®E814, a C _8/14 -2-ethylhexyl ester, which is additionally distinguished by the fact that it is classified in water hazard class 0, is particularly preferred. Furthermore, its viscosity can be adjusted excellently by adding thickeners.

The listed fatty acid esters are characterized by their low intrinsic color as well the low intrinsic smell, at the same time they can be created by coloring and fragrances Excellent modification and have an extraordinarily high color stability. The fatty acid esters show good color stability even at elevated temperatures.

Guerbet alcohols

The alkaline condensation of alcohols to higher molecular weight, branched iso-alcohols was first published by Guerbet in 1899. Machemer described the main steps of the reaction in 1952 (Angewandte Chemie 64 (1952) 213-20): In addition to dehydrogenation to the ketone, in which hydrogen is split off, and aldol condensation, crotonization, in which water is split off, is an important step in the course of the reaction . State of the art is a reaction at normal pressure and a reaction temperature of 240 to 260 ° C. The branched alcohols obtained in this way are referred to as Guerbet alcohols. A large number of other processes are now known from the prior art, according to which Guerbet alcohols can be obtained.

Any mixtures of the listed fat derivatives can also be used according to the invention with a solidification point below 0 ° C, preferably between -5 and -40 ° C, one Surface tension above 25 mN / m - to reduce the Aspiration risk - and an iodine number below 20 - by as low as possible To ensure soot formation - are used. The invention Fat derivatives to be used are preferably colorless and odorless.

The listed fatty acid esters are particularly suitable as Lamp oils and / or grill lighters, because fragrances and dyes work in very well leave and they have an extremely low odor. Furthermore they have good color stability even at elevated temperatures and they burn residue-free. For some fat derivatives, especially triglycerides, such as olive oil, linseed oil, or sesame oil, the problem arises strong sooty flame, since the iodine number is above 20. For In these cases, use according to the invention is therefore necessary with these mix other fat derivatives and / or the iodine number by partial hydrogenation belittling.

Thickener

Suitable thickeners are, for example, polysaccharides, in particular Xanthan gum, guar guar, agar agar, alginates and tyloses, carboxymethyl cellulose and hydroxyethyl cellulose, further higher molecular weight Polyethylene glycol mono- and diesters of fatty acids, polyacrylates, (e.g. Carbopole® from Goodrich or Synthalene® from Sigma), polyacrylamides, polyvinyl alcohol and Polyvinyl pyrrolidone, surfactants such as ethoxylated fatty acid glycerides, Esters of fatty acids with polyols such as pentaerythritol or Trimethylolpropane, fatty alcohol ethoxylates with a narrow homolog distribution or Alkyl oligoglucosides. Polypropylene glycol is particularly preferred as Thickeners used. The thickeners can be used in an amount of 0 up to 25, preferably 5 to 20% by weight, based on the fat derivative will.

According to the invention, the lamp oils or grill lighters preferably have one Viscosity - determined according to Höppler - of at least 2, preferably at least 4 and especially more than 7cStokes at 40 ° C

Fragrances

As fragrances for the manufacture of lamp oils and / or grill lighters with Different smell notes can be used perfume oils. As perfume oils are the extracts of flowers (lavender, roses, jasmine, neroli) are mentioned as examples, Stems and leaves (geranium, patchouli, petitgrain), fruits (anise, coriander, Caraway, juniper), fruit peel (bergamot, lemon, oranges), roots (Macis, Angelica, Celery, Cardamom, Costus, Iris, Calmus), Woods (Sandals, Guaiac, cedar, rosewood), herbs and grasses (tarragon, lemongrass, sage, Thyme), needles and twigs (spruce, fir, pine, mountain pine), resins and Balsams (galbanum, elemi, benzoin, myrrh, olibanum, opoponax). Farther animal raw materials, such as musk, civet and Castoreum. Ambroxan comes as synthetic or semi-synthetic perfume oils, Eugenol, isoeugenol, citronellal, hydroxycitronellal, geraniol, citronellol, Geranyl acetate, citral, ionone and methyl ionone.

In addition, fragrances can be used, as already described in GB 0001679 1855 are described.

Dyes

The dyes which can be used are those substances which are suitable and approved for cosmetic purposes, as compiled, for example, in the publication "Cosmetic Dyes" by the Dye Commission of the German Research Foundation, Verlag Chemie, Weinheim, 1984, pp . 81-106 . These dyes are usually used in concentrations of 0.001 to 0.1% by weight, based on the mixture as a whole.

Examples

The examples (B1 to B3) and comparative examples (V.1 to V.3) were carried out using the amine oils specified in Table 1. For this purpose, 20 ml of the oil were placed in a crucible, provided with a 12.5 cm long wick and lit. The flame was extinguished after 20 minutes of burning.

Claims (8)

Use of fat derivatives with a freezing point below 0 ° C, an iodine number below 20 and a surface tension of more than 25mN / m as lamp oils. Use of fat derivatives with a freezing point below 0 ° C, an iodine number below 20 and a surface tension of more than 25mN / m as liquid Grill lighter. Use according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that it is in the Fat derivatives are fatty acid esters, fatty alcohols and / or Guerbet alcohols. Use according to one of claims 1 to 3, characterized in that it is the fat derivatives around fatty acid esters, in particular esters of fatty acids with 8 to 18 carbon atoms deals with linear and / or branched alcohols having 1 to 8 carbon atoms. Use according to one of claims 1 to 4, characterized in that the Lamp oils or grill lighters have a viscosity of more than 2 cStokes at 40 ° C exhibit. Use according to one of claims 1 to 5, characterized in that the Fat derivatives also contain thickeners. Use according to one of claims 1 to 6, characterized in that as Thickener polypropylene glycol is used. Use according to one of claims 1 to 7, characterized in that additionally Dyes and / or fragrances are added to the fat derivatives.