ES2208894T3

ES2208894T3 - ACUTE CROSSING OF MOBILE POINT FOR RAILWAY.

Info

Publication number: ES2208894T3
Application number: ES97919409T
Authority: ES
Inventors: Jose Antonio Barrencua Leon; Juan Carlos Sanchez Jorrin
Original assignee: JEZ Sistemas Ferroviarios SL
Current assignee: JEZ Sistemas Ferroviarios SL
Priority date: 1996-04-29
Filing date: 1997-04-24
Publication date: 2004-06-16
Anticipated expiration: 2017-04-24
Also published as: WO1997041305A1; EP0838552A1; ES2137807B1; PT838552E; ES2137807A1; EP0838552B1

Abstract

CRUCE DE AGUJA EN ANGULO FORMANDO APARATOS DE VIA QUE PUEDE INCORPORARSE A UN RAIL SOLDADO LARGO CONTINUO, QUE COMPRENDE UN ELEMENTO FIJO Y UN ELEMENTO MOVIL, ESTANDO EL ELEMENTO FIJO (1) COMPUESTO POR UNA PRIMERA PIEZA MOLDEADA (1A) HECHA DE ACERO COLADO AL MANGANESO Y UNA SEGUNDA PIEZA HECHA CON RAILES (1B), CONFORMADA, PREFERIBLEMENTE, POR UNION DE DOS RAILES A LA PIEZA MOLDEADA CITADA (1A), LOS CUALES SON APROPIADOS PARA ACTUAR COMO ELEMENTOS DE ANCLAJE PARA ACCESORIOS TALES COMO TOPES, SEPARADORES, CHAPAS ESTRIADAS Y JUNTAS DE EXPANSION (3), ESTANDO FORMADO EL ELEMENTO MOVIL (2) POR UNA PIEZA MOLDEADA (2A) HECHA DE ACERO COLADO AL MANGANESO Y DOS PIEZAS DE RAIL (2B, 2B ) UNIDAS A LA ANTERIOR, ESTANDO ACOPLADA UNA DE LAS PIEZAS DE RAIL CITADAS (2B) A LA PIEZA HECHA CON RAILES (1B) DE DICHO ELEMENTO FIJO (1) POR MEDIO DE SEPARADORES (4A, 4B, 4C) ATORNILLADOS, ESTANDO ACOPLADA LA OTRA DE LAS DOS PIEZAS DE RAIL (2B ) A LA JUNTA DE EXPANSION (3), PROPORCIONANDO, POR TANTO, MEDIOS PARA DESLIZAR EL ELEMENTO MOVIL CITADO (2) DENTRO DEL ELEMENTO FIJO CITADO (1), ASI COMO MEDIOS PARA ACOPLAR EL ELEMENTO MOVIL (2) A LA DERECHA O A LA IZQUIERDA.ANGLE NEEDLE CROSSING FORMING ROAD DEVICES THAT CAN BE INCORPORATED TO A CONTINUOUS LONG WELDED RAIL, THAT INCLUDES A FIXED ELEMENT AND A MOBILE ELEMENT, BEING THE FIXED ELEMENT (1) COMPOSED BY A FIRST MOLDED PIECE (1A) MADE OF STEEL MANGANESE AND A SECOND PIECE MADE WITH RAILES (1B), CONFORMED, PREFERIBLY, BY JOINING TWO RAILS TO THE CITED MOLDED PIECE (1A), WHICH ARE APPROPRIATE TO ACT AS ANCHORING ELEMENTS FOR SUCH ACCESSORIES, SEPARATORS, SEPARATORS AND EXPANSION JOINTS (3), THE MOBILE ELEMENT (2) BEING FORMED BY A MOLDED PIECE (2A) MADE OF STEEL COLONED TO THE MANGANESE AND TWO PIECES OF RAIL (2B, 2B) UNITED TO THE PREVIOUS, ONE OF THE PIECES COUPLING OF RAIL CITED (2B) TO THE PART MADE WITH RAILES (1B) OF SUCH FIXED ITEM (1) THROUGH SEPARATORS (4A, 4B, 4C) SCREWED, THE OTHER OF THE TWO PIECES OF RAIL (2B) COUPLING TO THE EXPANSION BOARD (3), PROVIDING, THEREFORE, MEANS FOR SLIDE THE CITED MOBILE ELEMENT (2) INSIDE THE CITED FIXED ELEMENT (1), AS WELL AS MEANS OF COUPLING THE MOBILE ELEMENT (2) RIGHT OR LEFT.

Description

Cruzamiento agudo de punta móvil para ferrocarril.Sharp crossing of moving tip for railway.

El objeto de la presente invención se refiere, como su título indica, a un cruzamiento agudo de punta móvil para ferrocarril, constituyente de aparatos de vía férrea incorporables a carril continuo soldado, que consta de un elemento fijo y otro móvil, que presenta unas ventajas importantes sobre los medios utilizados actualmente con este fin.The object of the present invention relates, as its title indicates, to an acute crossing of moving tip to railway, constituent of incorporating railway equipment to continuous welded rail, consisting of a fixed element and another mobile, which has important advantages over the media currently used for this purpose.

En la actualidad se conocen principalmente dos tipos de realización de los cruzamientos agudos de punta móvil, según se describe a continuación.At present, two are mainly known types of realization of acute crossings of moving tip, as described below.

El primer tipo de cruzamiento agudo de punta móvil conocido engloba aquellos cruzamientos realizados completamente ensamblados, en los que la caja o armazón, es decir, el elemento fijo, es de carriles, unidos preferentemente por escuadras y tornillerías a un conjunto de placas, unidas a su vez a la traviesa, y el elemento móvil está realizado en carriles de acero al carbono mecanizados o elementos de forja del mismo material. Asimismo, con el objeto de mejorar las propiedades de desgaste en las zonas de rodadura, se han propuesto diferentes tratamientos térmicos de endurecimiento de dichas zonas.The first type of sharp point crossing known mobile encompasses those crossings made completely assembled, in which the box or frame, that is, the fixed element is rails, preferably joined by brackets and screws to a set of plates, joined in turn to the crossbar, and the mobile element is made of steel rails machined carbon or forging elements of the same material. Also, in order to improve the wear properties in the rolling areas, different treatments have been proposed thermal hardening of said areas.

El segundo tipo de cruzamiento agudo de punta móvil conocido agrupa aquellos cruzamientos en los que el elemento fijo, en su parte frontal, es monobloque fundido, preferentemente en acero austenítico al manganeso, y el elemento móvil está realizado íntegramente en carriles mecanizados.The second type of sharp tip crossing known mobile groups those crosses in which the element fixed, on its front, it is cast monobloc, preferably in manganese austenitic steel, and the mobile element is made entirely in mechanized rails.

Sin embargo, en los cruzamientos del primer tipo se presentan los inconvenientes derivados de la utilización de un elemento fijo con uniones atornilladas, como son los requerimientos de mantenimiento durante el servicio, así como el importante nivel de ruido producido en caso de desajuste o afloje de dichas uniones. Asimismo, aun mejorando el comportamiento a desgaste del acero mediante un tratamiento térmico conocido, como pertilizado u otros, dicho procedimiento se realiza por lo general tanto en el elemento fijo como en el elemento móvil exclusivamente en las zonas más próximas a la superficie, por lo que dicha característica de dureza mejorada se pierde conforme avanza el desgaste o el esmerilado de mantenimiento en profundidad. Finalmente, se debe destacar la dificultad de reparar los defectos en la zona de rodadura mediante soldadura, como resultado de, por ejemplo, patinazos de la rueda del tren, impactos, melladuras del balasto sobre la tabla de rodadura, etc., debido al desgaste o pérdida del delicado tratamiento térmico tras la reparación en la zona afectada. En cualquier caso, dicha reparación por soldadura, habría de realizarse con gran esmero y por personal muy cualificado, dada su gran importancia, circunstancias difíciles cuando se ejecutan trabajos al aire libre.However, in the first type crosses the inconveniences arising from the use of a fixed element with bolted joints, as are the requirements maintenance during service, as well as the important level of noise produced in case of mismatch or loosening of said joints. Also, even improving the wear behavior of steel by a known heat treatment, such as distillate or others, said procedure is usually performed both on the item fixed as in the mobile element exclusively in most areas close to the surface, so that hardness characteristic Improved is lost as wear or grinding progresses. deep maintenance. Finally, the difficulty repairing defects in the rolling area by welding, as a result of, for example, wheel skids of the train, impacts, ballasts on the rolling board, etc., due to wear or loss of delicate heat treatment after repair in the affected area. In any case, said welding repair, should be done with great care and by highly qualified staff, given its great importance, difficult circumstances when performing air work free.

Por todo ello, los cruzamientos del segundo tipo descrito constituyen un diseño mejorado respecto de los cruzamientos del primer tipo, al eliminar el elemento fijo ensamblado y sustituir éste por una caja monobloque fundida, preferentemente en acero austenítico al manganeso, y realizar el elemento móvil en carril mecanizado. En este caso, se eliminan las uniones atornilladas en la zona del elemento fijo sometida al paso de la rueda, con la consiguiente economía en el mantenimiento. Asimismo, con la construcción preferente en acero austenítico moldeado al manganeso, se aprovechan las ventajosas propiedades de dicho material frente al choque y al desgaste.For all this, the crossings of the second type described constitute an improved design with respect to first type crossings, by eliminating the fixed element assembled and replace it with a molten monobloc box, preferably in manganese austenitic steel, and perform the mobile element in machined rail. In this case, the bolted joints in the area of the fixed element subjected to the passage of the wheel, with the consequent economy in the maintenance. Also, with the preferential construction in austenitic steel molded to manganese, the advantageous properties of said material against shock and wear.

Sin embargo, en los cruzamientos de dicho segundo tipo, el elemento móvil se realiza mediante carriles mecanizados, con las desventajas citadas anteriormente con este tipo de ejecución.However, in the crossings of said second type, the mobile element is made by mechanized rails, with the disadvantages mentioned above with this type of execution.

En el mundo ferroviario se conocen sobradamente las propiedades y ventajas resultantes de la utilización del acero austenítico al manganeso, debido al excelente compromiso de resistencia al choque y al desgaste. Dicho material experimenta un fenómeno de marcado endurecimiento superficial por deformación en frío al paso de las ruedas de los trenes, de tal forma que en su superficie se forma una capa de extrema dureza apta para resistir al desgaste, y conservar en su núcleo una gran ductilidad que le permite resistir el choque y la propagación de grietas.In the railway world they are well known the properties and advantages resulting from the use of steel austenitic to manganese, due to the excellent commitment of resistance to shock and wear. Such material experiences a phenomenon of marked surface hardening due to deformation in cold when passing the wheels of the trains, so that in your surface forms an extremely hard layer capable of resisting wear, and retain in its core a great ductility that It allows to resist the shock and the propagation of cracks.

Dicho material consta en el momento de su puesta en servicio, de una dureza superficial natural moderada (aproximadamente 200 HBN), de tal modo que en los primeros momentos experimenta deformaciones plásticas debidas al paso de las ruedas de los trenes, que provocan los típicos labios y rebabas en los bordes de las tablas de rodadura. En los cruzamientos de punta fija, dichos fenómenos provocan una labor de mantenimiento consistente en eliminar mediante amolado las rebabas, cuando el cruzamiento ha adquirido su dureza superficial de trabajo (aproximadamente entre 350 HBN y 400 HBN).This material consists at the time of its installation. in service, of a moderate natural surface hardness (approximately 200 HBN), so that in the first moments undergoes plastic deformations due to the passage of the wheels of the trains, which cause the typical lips and burrs in the edges of the tread boards. In fixed point crosses, these phenomena cause maintenance work consisting of remove the burrs by grinding when the cross has acquired its surface hardness of work (approximately between 350 HBN and 400 HBN).

Sin embargo, en los cruzamientos de punta móvil ha de garantizarse un perfecto acoplamiento entre la punta o elemento móvil y la caja o elemento fijo con el fin de evitar fenómenos de desacople entre ambos, que puedan llegar a dañar la punta al paso del tren o incluso producir el descarrilamiento de éste, por lo que se hace necesario evitar los fenómenos de rebabas en dicha zona de acoplamiento.However, in the crossings of moving tip a perfect coupling between the tip or moving element and the box or fixed element in order to avoid decoupling phenomena between the two, which may damage the tip to the passage of the train or even produce derailment of this, so it is necessary to avoid burrs in said coupling zone.

Con el objeto de subsanar eficazmente las carencias que presentan los cruzamientos ce punta móvil existentes en la actualidad, se ha desarrollado el cruzamiento agudo de punta móvil para ferrocarril objeto de la presente invención.In order to effectively correct the gaps that present the existing mobile tip ce crosses At present, sharp point crossing has developed mobile for railroad object of the present invention.

Más concretamente, la presente invención se refiere a un cruzamiento agudo de punta móvil, apto para acoplarse a unos carriles de entrada y a unos carriles de salida, que consta de un elemento fijo y otro móvil, cuyo elemento fijo está constituido por una primera parte realizada en acero fundido al manganeso y por una segunda parte realizada en carriles, formada preferentemente por la unión de dos carriles a dicha primera parte anterior, aptos para actuar de anclajes a accesorios tales como topes, almohadillas, placas nervadas y junta de expansión, y cuyo elemento móvil está constituido por una parte realizada en acero fundido al manganeso y por dos partes de carril unidas a la anterior, uniéndose uno de dichos carriles a dicha parte realizada en carriles de dicho elemento fijo mediante almohadillas atornilladas, y uniéndose el otro de dichos carriles a la junta de expansión, deslizando esta última parte de carril longitudinalmente en la junta de expansión en el lado de la línea desviada, apto para impedir que el conjunto formado por dicho elemento móvil constituya un triángulo indeformable. Asimismo, el cruzamiento agudo de punta móvil objeto de la presente invención dispone de medios de deslizamiento del elemento móvil en el interior del elemento fijo, así como de medios de acoplamiento del elemento móvil a la derecha o a la izquierda.More specifically, the present invention is refers to an acute crossing of moving tip, suitable for coupling to some entry lanes and exit lanes, consisting of of a fixed and a mobile element, whose fixed element is constituted by a first part made of cast steel at manganese and by a second part made in rails, formed preferably by joining two rails to said first part above, suitable to act as anchors to accessories such as stops, pads, ribbed plates and expansion joint, and whose mobile element consists of a part made of steel cast to manganese and by two rail parts attached to the previous, joining one of said rails to said part made in rails of said fixed element by means of pads screwed, and joining the other one of said rails to the board of expansion, sliding this last part of rail longitudinally on the expansion joint on the side of the deflected line, suitable for prevent the assembly formed by said mobile element from constituting An undeformable triangle. Also, the sharp tip crossing mobile object of the present invention has means of sliding of the mobile element inside the fixed element, as well as coupling means of the moving element on the right or to the left.

Dichas partes de carril, tanto del elemento fijo como del elemento móvil, que se unen a las respectivas partes realizadas en acero moldeado al manganeso, así como la unión de la parte moldeada fija con los carriles de entrada, se realizan mediante un procedimiento de soldadura, preferentemente por chisporroteo. Asimismo, la unión o uniones de la parte moldeada del elemento móvil con las partes de carril de dicho elemento móvil se refuerzan preferentemente mediante bridas de seguridad.Said rail parts, both of the fixed element as of the mobile element, which join the respective parts made of molded manganese steel, as well as the union of the fixed molded part with the entrance rails, are made by a welding procedure, preferably by sizzling. Also, the joint or unions of the molded part of the mobile element with the rail parts of said mobile element is preferably reinforced by safety flanges.

Dichas partes fundidas tanto del elemento móvil como del fijo se pueden realizar en acero al carbono o de baja aleación, tratándose térmicamente, y uniéndose a los carriles adyacentes, es decir, tanto las partes de ambos elementos realizadas en carril como los carriles de entrada, mediante procedimientos de soldadura convencional. En la construcción preferente, dichas partes realizadas en acero fundido al manganeso se endurecen preferentemente por explosión en las zonas sometidas a desgaste y/o deformación por parte de las ruedas del tren, así como en las zonas de mutuo acoplamiento entre dichas partes, hasta una dureza de aproximadamente 350 HBN.Said cast parts of both the mobile element as fixed can be made in carbon steel or low alloy, heat treated, and joining rails adjacent, that is, both the parts of both elements made in lanes as the entrance lanes, by conventional welding procedures. In the construction Preferably, said parts made of manganese cast steel preferably harden by explosion in areas subject to wear and / or deformation by train wheels, as well as in areas of mutual coupling between said parties, up to a hardness of approximately 350 HBN.

De todo lo anteriormente descrito se deducen fácilmente las ventajas aportadas por el cruzamiento agudo de punta móvil para ferrocarril objeto de la presente invención en su construcción preferente, constituyéndose de esta forma como un perfeccionamiento de los dos grandes tipos de cruzamiento de punta móvil existentes. En primer lugar conviene destacar las ventajas aportadas por la utilización de acero austenítico de alto contenido en manganeso en las zonas de rodadura tanto del elemento fijo como del elemento móvil, al aprovechar las propias ventajas de dicho material, al tratarse de un material fácilmente reparable por soldadura, resistente al desgaste y al choque en las zonas más solicitadas del cruzamiento, y en el que la capa dura del material se va regenerando con el paso de las ruedas, a diferencia de los materiales endurecidos por tratamiento térmico, cuya capa dura va desapareciendo progresivamente con el desgaste. Asimismo, la utilización de partes monolíticas, en lugar de ensambladas, requieren un menor mantenimiento y conllevan una mayor seguridad.All of the above are deducted easily the advantages provided by the sharp tip crossing mobile for railroad object of the present invention in its preferred construction, thus becoming a improvement of the two major types of tip crossing existing mobile. First of all it is worth highlighting the advantages contributed by the use of high content austenitic steel in manganese in the rolling areas of both the fixed element and of the mobile element, by taking advantage of the advantages of said material, being an easily repairable material for welding, wear and shock resistant in most areas requested from the crossing, and in which the hard layer of the material it regenerates with the passing of the wheels, unlike the materials hardened by heat treatment, whose hard layer goes disappearing progressively with wear. Also, the use of monolithic parts, instead of assembled, require less maintenance and lead to greater security.

Por su parte, el endurecimiento por explosión del acero al manganeso en las zonas de acoplamiento del elemento móvil y del elemento fijo, así como en las zonas de rodadura permite una mayor vida de dichos elementos, al adquirir previamente una alta dureza que evita los desgastes y las deformaciones plásticas iniciales presentes en los elementos de acero al manganeso no endurecidos, una mejor conservación de la forma geométrica ideal de los elementos sometidos al contacto de la rueda, punta y caja, evitándose la formación de rebabas que puedan dificultar el correcto acoplamiento entre ambos, así como ruidos e impactos en la rodadura, y menores gastos de conservación, al evitarse labores de amolado y eliminación de rebabas.On the other hand, the hardening by explosion of manganese steel in the coupling areas of the mobile element and of the fixed element, as well as in the rolling areas allows a longer life of these elements, by previously acquiring a high hardness that prevents wear and plastic deformations initials present in manganese steel elements no hardened, better conservation of the ideal geometric shape of the elements subjected to the contact of the wheel, tip and case, avoiding the formation of burrs that can hinder the correct coupling between the two, as well as noise and impacts on the rolling, and lower conservation costs, avoiding work of grinding and burr removal.

Las características descritas del cruzamiento agudo de punta móvil para ferrocarril objeto de la presente invención, le habilitan para su utilización en líneas de alta velocidad (velocidades superiores a 300 km/h) así como en líneas de grandes cargas por eje (cargas superiores a 25 t por eje), adaptando el diseño de detalle a los requisitos particulares de cada uno de estos tipos de explotación.The described characteristics of the crossing sharp moving tip for railroad object of the present invention, enable it for use on high lines speed (speeds exceeding 300 km / h) as well as in lines of large loads per axle (loads greater than 25 t per axle), adapting the detail design to the individual requirements of each of These types of exploitation.

Para comprender mejor el objeto de la presente invención se describe a continuación la realización práctica preferencial del cruzamiento agudo de punta móvil para ferrocarril, en base a las figuras adjuntas. En dichas figuras se muestra:To better understand the purpose of this invention the practical embodiment is described below preferential of the acute crossing of moving tip for rail, based on the attached figures. These figures show:

La figura 1 representa una vista en planta del cruzamiento agudo de punta móvil para ferrocarril objeto de la presente invención, dando paso a la circulación por la línea directa, considerando que dicho cruzamiento está integrado en un desvío simple con desviación a la derecha.Figure 1 represents a plan view of the sharp crossing of moving tip for railroad object of the present invention, giving way to circulation along the line direct, considering that said crossing is integrated into a simple deviation with deviation to the right.

La figura 2 representa una vista en planta del cruzamiento agudo de punta móvil para ferrocarril representado en la figura anterior, dando paso a la circulación por la línea desviada.Figure 2 represents a plan view of the acute crossing of moving tip for rail represented in the previous figure, giving way to the circulation along the line deviated

Las figuras 3, 4 y 5 representan las secciones según los cortes AB, CD y EF de la figura 1, respectivamente.Figures 3, 4 and 5 represent the sections according to cuts AB, CD and EF of Figure 1, respectively.

La figura 6 representa una vista en planta de la parte realizada en acero fundido al manganeso del elemento fijo, del cruzamiento agudo de punta móvil para ferrocarril objeto de la presente invención.Figure 6 represents a plan view of the part made of manganese cast steel of the fixed element, of the acute crossing of moving tip for railroad object of the present invention

La figura 7 representa la sección según el corte OP de la parte representada en la figura anterior.Figure 7 represents the section according to the section OP of the part represented in the previous figure.

La figura 8 representa una vista en planta de la parte realizada en acero fundido al manganeso del elemento móvil, del cruzamiento agudo de punta móvil para ferrocarril objeto de la presente invención.Figure 8 represents a plan view of the part made of manganese molten steel of the mobile element, of the acute crossing of moving tip for railroad object of the present invention

Las figuras 9 y 10 representan las secciones según los cortes QR y ST de la parte representada en la figura anterior, respectivamente.Figures 9 and 10 represent the sections according to the QR and ST cuts of the part represented in the figure previous, respectively.

Tal y como se representa en las figuras 1 y 2, el cruzamiento agudo de punta móvil para ferrocarril objeto de la presente invención consta de un elemento fijo (1) y de otro elemento móvil (2).As depicted in Figures 1 and 2, the sharp crossing of moving tip for railroad object of the The present invention consists of a fixed element (1) and another mobile element (2).

El elemento fijo (1) está constituido por una primera parte moldeada (1A) realizada en acero fundido al manganeso y por una segunda parte realizada en carril (1B), formada por la unión de dos carriles a dicha primera parte moldeada (1A), y que sirven de anclaje a accesorios tales como topes, almohadillas, placas nervadas y junta de expansión (3).The fixed element (1) is constituted by a molded first part (1A) made of manganese cast steel and by a second part made in lane (1B), formed by the joining two rails to said first molded part (1A), and that They serve as anchors for accessories such as bumpers, pads, ribbed plates and expansion joint (3).

El elemento móvil (2) está constituido por una primera parte moldeada (2A) de forma triangular realizada en acero fundido al manganeso, y por dos partes de carril (2B, 2B') unidas a dicha parte moldeada (2A) por su talón, a través de una o dos prolongaciones de ésta. Una de dichas partes de carril (2B) se une a dicha parte realizada en carril (1B) de dicho elemento fijo (1) mediante almohadillas (4A, 4B, 4C) atornilladas. La otra de dichas parte de carril (2B') del elemento móvil (2) desliza longitudinalmente en la junta de expansión (3), formada por la parte de carril (2B') y el carril de continuación (5), con el fin de evitar que el triángulo formado por dicho elemento móvil (2) unido a las almohadillas (4A, 4B, 4C) constituya un triángulo indeformable al realizar su movimiento lateral. Dichas partes de carril (2B, 2B') del elemento móvil (2) pueden estar unidas a la parte moldeada (2A) mediante dos uniones independientes, tal y como se representa en las figuras 1 y 2, o mediante una única unión doble de ambas partes de carril (2B, 2B') con dicha parte moldeada (2A).The mobile element (2) is constituted by a molded first part (2A) of triangular shape made of steel cast to manganese, and by two rail parts (2B, 2B ') attached to said molded part (2A) by its heel, through one or two extensions of this one. One of said rail parts (2B) joins said part made in rail (1B) of said fixed element (1) by means of pads (4A, 4B, 4C) screwed. The other one of said rail part (2B ') of the moving element (2) slides longitudinally in the expansion joint (3), formed by the lane part (2B ') and the continuation lane (5), in order to prevent the triangle formed by said mobile element (2) attached to the pads (4A, 4B, 4C) constitute a triangle undeformable when performing its lateral movement. These parts of lane (2B, 2B ') of the mobile element (2) may be attached to the molded part (2A) by two independent joints, as it is represented in figures 1 and 2, or by a single union double of both rail parts (2B, 2B ') with said molded part (2A).

Las figuras 1 y 2 representan el elemento móvil (2) acoplado sobre el elemento fijo (1), dando paso a la circulación por la línea directa y por la línea desviada, respectivamente. En ambas figuras, la transferencia de rodadura entre el elemento fijo (1) y el elemento móvil (2) se lleva a cabo en las respectivas partes realizadas en acero moldeado al manganeso (1A, 2A), aprovechando las excelentes características de resistencia al choque y al desgaste del citado material, ya que en esta zona se producen cargas de impacto y desgaste, especialmente cuando circulan rodámenes desgastados en forma de doble pestaña.Figures 1 and 2 represent the mobile element (2) coupled on the fixed element (1), giving way to the circulation by the direct line and by the deviated line, respectively. In both figures, the rolling transfer between the fixed element (1) and the mobile element (2) is carried out in the respective parts made of manganese molded steel (1A, 2A), taking advantage of the excellent characteristics of resistance to shock and wear of said material, since in this area produces impact and wear loads, especially when worn rods circulate in the form of double eyelash.

De esta forma, la parte moldeada (1A) del elemento fijo (1) consiste en un armazón alargado y hueco en su interior, dentro del cual desliza la parte moldeada (2A) del elemento móvil (2) (véase figuras 3 y 4), estando unida por un lado a los carriles de entrada (6) mediante un procedimiento de soldadura por chisporroteo, y por otro lado a la parte realizada en carril (1 B) del propio elemento fijo (1), siendo ésta una parte de soporte de otras piezas tales como topes, almohadillas, etc.In this way, the molded part (1A) of the fixed element (1) consists of an elongated and hollow frame in its inside, into which the molded part (2A) of the moving element (2) (see figures 3 and 4), being joined on one side to the entrance rails (6) by a welding procedure by sizzling, and on the other hand to the part made in lane (1 B) of the fixed element itself (1), this being a support part of other parts such as bumpers, pads, etc.

Dado que el cruzamiento agudo de punta móvil objeto de la presente invención es incorporable a vías de carril continuo soldado, la parte de carril (2B') y el carril de continuación (5) se sueldan directamente a los carriles adyacentes mediante un procedimiento tal, como aluminotermia. Puesto que no se puede soldar de manera convencional el acero al manganeso constituyente de la parte moldeada (1A) del elemento fijo (1) y el acero al carbono de los carriles (6) adyacentes, es necesario utilizar un procedimiento especial de soldadura preferentemente por chisporroteo, para la unión de los mismos.Since the sharp crossing of moving tip object of the present invention is incorporable to rail tracks Continuous welded, the rail part (2B ') and the rail of continued (5) welded directly to adjacent lanes by a procedure such as aluminothermia. Since I don't know can conventionally weld manganese steel constituent of the molded part (1A) of the fixed element (1) and the carbon steel from adjacent lanes (6), it is necessary use a special welding procedure preferably by sizzle, for the union of them.

Dicho procedimiento especial de soldadura preferentemente por chisporroteo se utilizará también para la unión o uniones (7) de la parte moldeada (2A) con las partes de carril (2B, 2B') del elemento móvil (2).Said special welding procedure preferably by crackling it will also be used for bonding or joints (7) of the molded part (2A) with the rail parts (2B, 2B ') of the mobile element (2).

Dado que dicha unión o uniones (7) están sometidas a flexión alternativa a la hora de realizar la maniobra del elemento móvil (2), éstas se refuerzan mediante bridas de seguridad (8) atornilladas al alma de las piezas del elemento móvil (2), con el fin de dotar de una mayor seguridad a dicha unión frente a tales esfuerzos.Since said union or unions (7) are subjected to alternative flexion when performing the maneuver of the mobile element (2), these are reinforced by flanges of security (8) screwed to the soul of the moving element parts (2), in order to provide greater security for said union against to such efforts.

Las figuras 3, 4 y 5 representan diferentes secciones del cruzamiento de punta móvil para ferrocarril representado en la figura 1. Más concretamente la figura 3 (sección AB) corresponde a una sección del acoplamiento de las partes de acero moldeado al manganeso (1A, 2A), en la posición del elemento móvil (2) representada en la figura 1. Naturalmente, la otra posición del elemento móvil (2) será simétrica a la representada en dicha figura 3. La figura 4 (sección CD) corresponde a una sección en la zona donde no existe acoplamiento directo entre el elemento fijo (1) y el elemento móvil (2). Finalmente, la figura 5 (sección EF) corresponde a una sección del cruzamiento que representa la zona de empotramiento entre el elemento fijo (1) y el elemento móvil (2).Figures 3, 4 and 5 represent different railroad moving tip cross sections represented in figure 1. More specifically figure 3 (section AB) corresponds to a section of the coupling of the parts of manganese molded steel (1A, 2A), in the position of the element mobile (2) represented in figure 1. Naturally, the other position of the mobile element (2) will be symmetrical to that represented in said figure 3. Figure 4 (section CD) corresponds to a section in the area where there is no direct coupling between the element fixed (1) and the mobile element (2). Finally, figure 5 (section EF) corresponds to a cross section representing the embedding area between the fixed element (1) and the mobile element (two).

Las partes moldeadas (1A, 2A) realizadas en acero fundido al manganeso se endurecen preferentemente por explosión en las zonas sometidas a desgaste y/o deformación por parte de las ruedas del tren, así como en las zonas de mutuo acoplamiento entre dichas partes, hasta una dureza de al menos 350 HBN aproximadamente. Las figuras 6 y 7 representan mediante un cuadriculado y línea de trazo y punto respectivamente diferentes vistas de las zonas a endurecer por explosión de la parte moldeada (1A) del elemento fijo (1), que se corresponden con la tabla de rodadura y la zona de acoplamiento entre éste y la parte moldeada (2A) del elemento móvil (2). Análogamente, las figuras 8, 9 y 10 representan mediante un cuadriculado y línea de trazo y punto respectivamente diferentes vistas de las zonas a endurecer por explosión de la parte moldeada (2A) del elemento móvil (2), que coinciden con la tabla de rodadura y con la zona de acoplamiento entre éste y la parte moldeada (1A) del elemento fijo (1).Molded parts (1A, 2A) made of steel melted to manganese they harden preferably by explosion in areas subject to wear and / or deformation by the train wheels, as well as in areas of mutual coupling between said parts, up to a hardness of at least 350 HBN approximately. Figures 6 and 7 represent by means of a grid and dot and dot line respectively different views of the areas to be hardened by explosion of the molded part (1A) of the fixed element (1), which correspond to the table of rolling and the coupling area between it and the molded part (2A) of the mobile element (2). Similarly, figures 8, 9 and 10 represented by a grid and dashed line and dot respectively different views of the areas to harden by explosion of the molded part (2A) of the mobile element (2), which match the rolling table and the coupling area between it and the molded part (1A) of the fixed element (1).

El cruzamiento agudo de punta móvil se completa con dispositivos tales como cerrojos, barras de comprobación así como otras piezas, que no son objeto de la presente patente de invención.Acute crossing of moving tip is completed with devices such as locks, check bars as well like other pieces, which are not subject to the present patent of invention.

El conjunto global de la invención, se acomodará a las diferentes pendientes que puedan tomar los elementos de rodadura, bien sea 1:20, 1:30, 1:40 e incluso 1:\infty.The overall set of the invention will accommodate to the different slopes that the elements of rolling, either 1:20, 1:30, 1:40 and even 1: \ infty.

Una vez descrita suficientemente la naturaleza de la presente invención, así como una forma de llevarla a la práctica, sólo nos queda por añadir que en su conjunto y partes que lo componen es posible introducir cambios de forma, materiales y de disposición, siempre y cuando dichas alteraciones no varíen sustancialmente las características de la invención que se reivindican a continuación.Once the nature of the present invention, as well as a way of bringing it to the practice, we only have to add that as a whole and parts that it is possible to introduce changes in form, materials and provision, as long as these alterations do not vary substantially the features of the invention that claim below.

Claims

1. Acute crossover of a mobile tip constituting railway track devices that can be incorporated into a continuous welded rail, consisting of a fixed and a mobile element, characterized in that the fixed element (1) is constituted by a first molded part (1A) made of steel molten to manganese and by a second part made of rails (1 B), preferably formed by the union of two rails to said first molded part (1A), suitable to act as anchors to accessories such as stops, pads, ribbed plates and gasket expansion (3), because the mobile element (2) is constituted. by a molded part (2A) made of molten manganese steel and by two rail parts (2B, 2B ') joined to the previous one, one of said rail parts (2B) joining said rail parts (1 B) of said fixed element (1) by means of bolted pads (4A, 4B, 4C), and the other of said rail parts (2B ') joining the expansion joint (3), and because it has sliding means of said element mobile (2) inside said fixed element (1), as well as coupling means of the mobile element (2) to the right or to the left.

2. Acute crossing of the movable railroad tip according to the previous preceding claim, characterized in that said rail part (2B ') of the mobile element (2) slides longitudinally in said expansion joint (3) on the side of the deviated line, suitable to prevent the triangle formed by said mobile element (2) from forming an undeformable triangle.

3. Acute crossing of the movable railroad tip according to the preceding claims, characterized in that the joining of said rail parts (1B, 2B, 2B ') of both the fixed element (1) and the mobile element (2) to the respective parts molded (1A, 2A) made of manganese molded steel, as well as the union of said molded part (1A) of the fixed element (1) to the input rails (6), is carried out by a welding procedure, preferably welding by crackling, and because the joint (7) of the molded part (2A) with the rail parts (2B, 2B ') of the movable element (2) are reinforced by safety flanges (8).

4. Acute crossing of movable railroad tip according to claims 1, 2 and 3, characterized in that the molded parts (1A and 2A) made of manganese cast steel are hardened by explosion to an approximate hardness of 350 HBN in the subject areas wear, deformation by the wheels of the train, as well as areas of mutual coupling between them.

5. Acute crossing of the mobile tip constituting railway equipment that can be incorporated into a continuous welded rail, consisting of a fixed and a mobile element, characterized in that the fixed element (1) is constituted by a first molded part (1A ) made of carbon or a low alloy of steel and a second part made of rails (1B), preferably formed by joining two rails to said first molded part (1A), suitable to act as anchors to accessories such as stops , pads, ribbed plates and expansion joint (3), because the mobile element (2) is constituted by a molded part (2A) made of carbon or a low alloy of steel and by two rail parts (2B and 2 B ') joined to the previous one, joining one of said rail parts (1B) of said fixed element (1) by bolted pads (4A, 4B and 4C), and joining the other of said rail parts (2B') to the expansion joint (3), because say spone of sliding means of said mobile element (2) inside said fixed element (1), as well as coupling means of the mobile element (2) to the right or left and because the rolling surfaces of the molded parts ( 1A, 2A) are heat treated and such molded parts (1A, 2A) are attached to the rail parts (B, 2B, 2B ') and the adjacent rails (6) by means of conventional or special welding procedures.

6. Acute crossing of movable railroad tip according to claim number 5, characterized in that said rail part (2B ') of the movable element (2) slides longitudinally in said expansion joint (3) on the side of the deviated line, suitable to prevent the triangle formed by said mobile element (2) from forming an undeformable triangle.

7. Acute crossing of movable railroad tip according to claims 5 and 6, characterized in that the joining of such rail parts (1B, 2B, 2B '), both the fixed element (1) and the mobile element (2) to the respective molded parts (1A, 2A) made of carbon or low alloy steel, as well as the union of such molded part (1A) of the fixed element (1) the input rails (6), is made by means of a conventional or special welding and because the gasket or seals (7) of the molded part (2A) with the rail parts (2B, 2B ') of the mobile element are reinforced by means of safety flanges (8)

8. Acute crossing of moving tip for rail according to the preceding claims, characterized in that the rolling elements both fixed and mobile, preferably make inclinations of 1:20, 1:30, 1:40 or 1:00.