ES2205421T3 - DRESS ITEM THAT INCLUDES FLEXIBLE WEIGHT ELEMENTS. - Google Patents

Abstract

The garment has heavy supple elements that are held in pockets (3) that are independent from the garment. The elements are flexible plates, made of elastomer material that is weighted with iron filings. The pockets are fixed to the garment by strips of hooked pile fasteners (5). The garment is marked with parallel sets of lines (6,37,38) to precisely position the plates and the pockets. The lines are transversal to the general direction of the upper and lower limbs and across the front and back of the upper part of the body.

Description

Article of clothing that includes elements of flexible weight

The present invention relates to an article which comprises a garment and which is intended for reeducation of muscular or neurological functions of a patient.

In the sports field, it is used in a way classic facilities that allow you to work specifically this or that body part, and more particularly this or that muscle in that part of the body. The athlete therefore has discomfort when performing repetitive movements with the help of a installation of this type, to consider obtaining a result satisfactory. In the case of a more general treatment, touching several parts of the body, it is convenient to perform exercises of this type in several facilities.

On the other hand, it has already been proposed to strengthen locally a dress or a garment to make work preferably this or that part of the body. For example, in the US 5,300,000 document, this is an exercise glove in the which is incorporated a flexible layer of a heavy material that is adapted to the shape of the hand. For example, in document US.A. 5,075,902, it is proposed to set weights according to the lower edge of each leg of a training shorts; these weights are contents in the compartments themselves that can be fixed on an elastic band, with the help of mechanical fasteners of the self-grasping type. For example, in the document US.A.3.759.510, it is a dress composed of different garments, detachably joined ones with with respect to others to be used all together or in a manner separated; Each piece comprises outer bags that can be totally or partially covered with particular heavy materials of different densities; in such a way that the or garments thus reinforced performing adapted movements to operate such muscles or a set of muscles of this kind.

However, known garments do not they are used in the state since it is used in the field of reeducation of muscular or neurological functions of a patient, since the dysfunction of the functions muscle due to the fact of a brain or neurological disorder it is very closely linked with the particularity of each patient.

The object pointed by the applicants is by both propose an article of the known type that includes a garment suitable for covering at least one body part and at least one flexible mass element that can be fixedly attached with said garment, but that is specially adapted to the re-education of muscle functions or neurological or to the diagnosis of a muscular dysfunction or neurological.

This goal is perfectly achieved by the article of the invention where, the mass element that is independent of the garment and that can be fixedly attached with this by means of the fixed joint in a general fixing area, it is characterized in that said garment comprises means of reference that allow the exact placement of the mass element according to a predetermined zone of the general fixing zone.

The patient being dressed with the article of dress according to the invention, the doctor places very precisely, thanks to the reference means, one or several mass elements on said garment in one or several predetermined areas this. The presence of this or these mass elements in this or these predetermined areas is what, during the use of the garment of dressing and the movement that the patient can perform during This use brings with it the beneficial action sought on the plane of reeducation or allows diagnosis, in particular, diagnosis of functional asymmetries.

The mass element is voluntarily flexible, noticeably flat and thin in order to adapt to the as much as possible to the body in the predetermined area where the article of dress is adjusted to the body without being a nuisance to the patient. The location of each predetermined zone, together with a given mass element, it is chosen by the doctor precisely thanks to the reference means taken into account with the objective sought, therapeutic or diagnostic, and based on knowledge What does the patient have?

Since a given item can be used by different patients of different conformation and morphology, the reference means also have the role of being able to save a precise indication, for each patient and eventually in each work session, at the location of each mass element. By Therefore, it is easy to reproduce the configuration of the article as it was for a specific patient, during a previous session of work; it is enough to have indicated the location of the default zone of each mass element thanks to the means of reference and reproduce said location.

Preferably, the mass element consists of a flexible plate of a loaded elastomeric material, for example, with steel filing and the fixed joining means consisting of a side of a bag, independent of the garment and serving of accommodation adjusted for the mass element and, on the other hand, of a mechanical fixing system that cooperates between the bag proper and the garment in the general area of fixation.

Advantageously, the fixing system mechanical comprises mechanical fixing bands fixed on the garment in the general fixing areas that allow, thanks to the reference means, the precise placement of the bag according to the default zone. According to this provision In particular, it is possible to place the bag and the mass element that contains in a predetermined area applying fasteners mechanics carried by the bag over a precise location of mechanical fastening bands corresponding to a general area of fixation. In each general fixing zone, the means of reference, facilitate the precise placement of the bag and its mass element according to a predetermined zone, chosen in a way Appropriate by the doctor.

The reference means may consist mainly from reference lines, for example, from over-seams formed primarily in the garment. When in a general fixing zone, two bands are arranged Parallel mechanical fasteners, the reference lines are formed transverse to said bands, preferably having among them the same separation. The separation of the lines of reference may be different from a general fixing area to other.

In a preferred example of embodiment of a article of clothing that is presented under the formation of a combination, comprising, on each front and rear face, ten general fixing areas, namely:

to.

for each sleeve, an area between the wrist and the elbow and another between the elbow and the shoulder.

b.

for each member lower one area between the knee and ankle and another between The pelvis and the knee.

c.

two zones arranged laterally over the chest and front face and in high back to back face,

and in each zone, on the one hand, fixing bands mechanical whose direction is longitudinal with respect to the height of the combination by which there are general fixing areas b. Y c. and with respect to the direction of the sleeves so they exist general fixing areas a. upper limbs and on the other hand reference lines formed in the combination transverse to the mechanical fixing bands.

Good results have been obtained, in each zone general fixation, four parallel reference lines, in the case of four seams, having a separation included between 12 and 18 mm for general fixing areas has members upper and a separation between 10 and 20 mm for other general fixing areas b and c.

For the placement of the mass element, the doctor aligns for example an edge (upper or lower) of said element with the reference line you have chosen. With four lines of reference in a general area of fixation, the doctor has in this case eight placement possibilities.

One or more lines of reference on the mass element or better on the bag than what contains Therefore, eight possibilities of obtaining placement with a single reference line on the garment of dress and eight reference lines on the bag containing the Mass element

An even finer placement is obtained with reference means comprising, in each general zone of fixing, two sets of reference lines, a first game in the that the lines are formed, in the general direction of the member corresponding, in the case of upper and lower limbs, and according to the height of the garment, in the case of faces front and rear, and a second game in which the lines of reference are substantially perpendicular to the lines of Reference of the first game.

The set of reference lines on the garment, eventually associated with this (s) carried (s) on the bag containing the mass element, allows (n) for each general fixing area a placement very precise of the bag and the mass element according to an area predetermined, which is thus perfectly referenced; is placement is therefore reproducible. Thus, a same combination for a plurality of patients without inconvenience to the extent where it is enough that the doctor has indicated or Registered, for each of them, the production conditions of the combination, namely: number of bags to be placed, choice of Mass elements for each bag, reference parameters relating to the location of the bag (for example, the number of the reference line of each set) in the general fixing area correspondent.

The article of clothing being destined for therapeutic or diagnostic application, the location of each mass element, determined precisely by the doctor is a determining element for the success of the application.

It is important that on the occasion of movements or exercises practiced by the patient, the elements Mass media fit well in the default zone that has been chosen. To do well, it would be necessary therefore that the combination be made on the measure, so that it is perfectly adjusted to the body of each user and this despite the differences Morphological of each patient. In practice, the solution preconceived for the applicant is to enter in the making this combination or any other article of dress according to the invention that needs such an adjustment, a elastic portion, possibly in the form of an additional band. Is this elastic portion which allows the uniform application of the garment to dress on the body at the level of the general fixing areas of the mass elements.

It is a combination, the garment comprises elastic bands provided at the level of the seams of the side of the bust and side of the leg, seams between legs and seams under the arms.

This is a dress item that is presented in the form of an elastic headband, the piece is constituted by a band that has four general zones of fixing and two elastic bands provided.

This is a dress item that is presented in the form of a glove, the garment has a structure of a mitt with a general fixing area arranged on the face upper mitt.

It is a dress item for the foot, the garment is shaped like a cuff with a general area of fixation arranged on the upper face, corresponding to the sole of the foot.

It should be noted that in certain general areas of fixing, it can be provided that a bag that serves as a accommodation of a particular mass element could accommodate a overpack and thus understand fixing means complementary. This is for example the case for zones general fasteners located on the front face and face rear of the combination at chest and back level and on the thighs. This particular provision allows to increase, if it is necessary, the force used at the level of the mass elements to place in these areas.

The present invention will be better understood with the reading the description to be made of a preferred example of realization of an article of clothing for the therapeutic application or diagnosis comprising mass elements, illustrated by the Annex design in which:

Figure 1 is a schematic representation in front view of a combination.

Figure 2 is a schematic representation in rear view of the combination of figure 1.

Figure 3 is a schematic representation in One-piece plan that serves to make an elastic band for the head.

Figure 4 is a schematic representation in Plant an item of the glove type.

Figure 5 is a schematic representation in floor of an article intended to partially cover the foot.

Figure 6 is a schematic representation in cross section of the article of clothing at the level of front-back

Figure 7 is the same representation as the Figure 6 before the mass elements are not arranged About the garment.

The object of the present invention is to propose a article of clothing that allows to generate a quantity of load dynamics transmissible to the human body or to reduce muscle or neurological disorders or mitigate its consequences or Well to serve as diagnostic means.

Muscular atrophy is linked to the burden of work that is imposed on the muscles. At rest, a certain amount working, in the mechanical sense of the term, is used for standing position maintenance. In the movement of the muscles The human body provides supplementary work. This is attached to the organization of the muscles arranged following the segments that form the functional units with an element of lever and two motor elements, namely an agonist group and a antagonist group The set of muscles works in synergy with local agonist equilibria - antagonists so that produce voluntary or involuntary transmitted movements in conditions for maintaining the balance of the human body. East set is built like this so that it conveys discomfort admissible on bone structures and muscle tendon.

According to the conception of the applicant, the article of clothing that forms the object of the invention intervenes in complement of this muscle function to reinforce the burden of work together with the dynamic conditions of the production of movement. The article of clothing will generate an activity passive, together with the increase in resistance forces that play against the movement of all or part of the human body. Since overall muscle activity must ensure maintenance or the return to the vertical position, the article of clothing of the invention with its mass elements must also respect the mechanism of regulation or adaptation of movements that They participate in this maintenance. So, when the article of dressing is meant to offer a rebalancing function again muscular, as a reeducation, the location of the elements about this article should take into account inequalities of muscle mass distribution and evaluate its mechanism of compensation. In this case, muscle function is privileged and it is advisable to ensure a placement of the mass elements that must be be close to the estimated center of gravity of the segment that is going to reeducate. If neurological functions are now considered, knows that the musculoskeletal body set human is provided with a significant number of sensors that ensure the functions of measurement, placement, stretching or of compression of the articular or muscular structures. These disseminated sensors are particularly numerous at the level articulate, and particularly at the level of the lower limbs and of the posterior cervical region. The proprioceptive nerve pathways that start from these sensors are organized in a systemic way with the in order to reconstitute the body scheme as it is integrated into level of brain and cerebellum functions. The tracks intracranial vestibular act in a complementary way to regulate the relative position of the body and head, allowing all ensure balance maintenance by following a gravity-bound orientation.

In its application in the treatment of neurological functions, the garment of the invention is known so that you can put the mass elements subjected to gravity and body regions capable of presenting a maximum of proprioceptive sensors that they can be the origin of the electrical stimuli transmitted by the neurological pathways This will apply particularly in the case of a patient with neurological disorders with proprioception altered

Whatever the application, the important thing therefore for each mass element is that it be placed so very precise with respect to the part, predetermined by the doctor, of the body of a given patient.

According to the invention, the article in question It comprises a garment suitable for covering so adjusted at least one part of the body; This article includes also at least one flexible mass element of low thickness as well as at least one fixed joining means of this mass element on a general area for fixing the garment and the means of reference that allow precise placement of the mass element according to a predetermined zone of the general fixing zone.

In the embodiments that are going to be described now, the flexible thin-weight mass element It consists of a flexible plate of a loaded elastomeric material, for example, with iron filing. The elastomeric material can be mainly of natural or synthetic rubber. The mass element it must be flexible so that it can adapt as much as may, to the external configuration of the body part against the that the garment is applied. As the name implies, the mass element should comprise a certain mass, if possible in a limited volume Preferably, it is a material elastomeric charged, which is the load that this mass brings.

In an exemplary embodiment of a plate flexible of an elastomeric material loaded with steel filing, the thickness of said plate is of the order of 7 mm and its density function of the dough to be distributed.

In the embodiments that are going to described, the fixed means of attachment of the mass element comprises a bag that serves as a tight housing for the flexible plate It functions as a mass element. This bag is a piece independent of the garment. The item is equipped with a mechanical fixation system that cooperates between the bag proper and the garment, so as to ensure the fixed union of the bag on the garment. The closing of the bag, after the placement of the mass element, is performed also by a mechanical fixing system.

Preferably, it is used as a system of mechanical fixation a system of the type of self-grabbing in which a portion of band provided with hooks is suitable for cooperating with a portion of band provided with buckle. Such a system is well known. under the Velcro brand.

In Article 1, which is illustrated in Figures 1 and 2, the garment is presented in the form of a combination 2 on which twenty bags 3 are fixedly attached containing So many other mass elements.

Each bag 3 is fixed locally on the combination, in a fixing zone 4 thanks to the system of mechanical fixation comprising two bands 5 carrying elements of the type buckles, arranged parallel to each other, and two bands carrying elements of the type hooks fixed on the face of the bag 3 intended to contact the combination 2. In order to facilitate precise placement and Reproductive bag 3 in a fixation zone 4, the combination 2 comprises reference lines 6, arranged transverse with with respect to the two bands 5 fixed on the outer face of the combination 2. These reference lines 6 may consist mainly in seams. If combination 2 is performed in a light colored textile, it is enough that the seams are made to from a dark colored thread to be preferably visible. The separation between two reference lines 6 has been determined at 15 mm, as an adequate mean separation, with four reference lines per fixing zone 4.

The bands 5 are arranged according to the direction longitudinal in relation to the height of the combination or with Regarding the sleeves.

In each fixation zone 4, the doctor looks for arrange the bag 3 preferably so as to respect a certain distance between the center of gravity of the mass element and a point particular of the user's body. As the same article of clothing It is intended to be carried by users of size and morphology different, it is essential to respect this distance, to be able move the mass element onto the garment. This is the role given by the reference lines in the areas of fixation 4 and, eventually, on the bags.

In combination 2, twenty zones of fixation 4 that appear clearly in recognition of Figures 1 and 2, ten zones on the front face and ten zones on the back face of the combination. They are given below in the table I following information related to each fixing zone 4, more precisely for each zone the desired distance (d) generally between the center of gravity of the mass element and the particular point of the body corresponding to said area, being precise said particular point of the body for each zone.

The twenty general fixing areas are distributed as follows:

a) for each sleeve 7, a front zone and rear (Z 1 and 2) located between the wrist and elbow (anterior faces and back of the forearm) and two other front and rear (Z 3 and 4) located between the elbow and shoulder (with respect to the biceps and triceps).

b) for each lower limb two front zones and back (Z 5 and 6) located between the knee and ankle (crest tibial to the front and back of the leg by the rear) and two front and rear zones (Z 7 and 8) located between the pelvis and the knee (with respect to the quadriceps of the place thigh posterior).

c) two front and rear zones arranged in each side of the chest and upper back (Z 9 and 10) (with with respect to the large breastplate and with respect to the large dorsal).

Zone Location Point of Body Distance (d) (in mm) Z1 Sleeve Fold of elbow 60 Z2 Sleeve Olecranon 100 Z3 Sleeve Center of the head 120 humeral previous Z4 Sleeve Head center humeral 120 back of axis Z5 Leg Point of the ball joint 160 Z6 Leg Fold popliteal 160 Z7 Leg Fold of the groin 180 Z8 Leg Fold gluteus 160 Z9 Chest Melonary line in 60 Z10 back Exterior medium shaft 120

The values of the desired distance (d) to be given in the table are indicative values and serve the doctor to determine its precise placement of the mass element and also the mass of this, depending on the intended application.

During this placement, the doctor aligns one of the edges, for example, the top of the bag 3 and the line of reference you have determined. In this case, the notion of the edge upper and the line number are those that serve as parameters of reference. It is enough so that the doctor write down these parameters for each zone to know reliably and repetitively the item settings.

In the example cited above, I was not provided a unidirectional reference. In effect, the location and the width of the mechanical fixing bands arranged on the garment and over the bag were determined so that the mass element is always noticeably along the same axis in each fixing zone. However, it is understood that you can have here an inaccuracy in the placement of the bag, depending on the address transversal with respect to the reference lines 6. So advantageously, the article may comprise a second set of lines reference, authorizing a bidirectional reference, illustrated only, by way of simplification, on figure 1, in the Z9 fixing zones, on each side of the chest. In this example, the second set of reference lines consists of a single line 37 on garment 2, parallel to the two bands 5 and one distance equal to these, and in a line 38 on the bag. The doctor align these two reference lines 37 and 38 to have the security of a centered placement of the bag. By way of eventually, you can have here several lines 37, parallel ones with compared to others, which allow a certain latitude of placement of the bag in the second direction, similar to the first game of reference lines 6. In the latter case, the placement could be even more precise with two sets of reference parameters in each fixing zone.

The dimension of the mass element and, by Consequently, the bag 3 that encloses it is variable depending on of its location on the article.

Since the bust and thighs are parts of the body that represent the most important percentage of mass body, of the order of two thirds of this mass, bags 3 of the combination 2 in the fixing areas corresponding to the bust and the thighs can be advantageously equipped on bags 10, intended to contain a mass element supplementary, and suitable to be fixedly attached to the face outside of a given bag 3.

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In this case, but also when it does not exist overpack 10, combination 2 may also be equipped with fastening bands 11 suitable for applying bag 3 and eventually the bag over 10 tightly over the combination 2 and on the user's body at the level of the area of corresponding fixation.

It is a band 11 intended to carry out the securing the bags 3 and overbags 10 to the bust level of the user, said band 11 is composed of two tapes whose tip it is fixed laterally of one part and another of the fixing area and whose other free limb is provided with fixing means, fixing means mainly of the type of self-grip of the two tapes that cooperate with others.

It is a band 12 that is intended to hold a bag at the level of the sleeves or legs of the combination, said band 12 is advantageously integral with a bag 3 determined by one of its extremities 12 at and to a sufficient length to make the path of the corresponding member, its free end 12 b can then be applied and fixed on the outer face 3 a of said bag 3. In the example illustrated in figures 6 and 7, the sleeve 7 of the combination is shown in section 2 carried by a patient with two mass elements 13 contained in two bags 3 hooked on two bands 5 of elements in the form of buckles arranged longitudinally on the sleeve 7 and cooperating with two bands 14 sewn on the inner face 3 b of each bag. A band 12 carries out the holding and maintenance in position of two bags 3 and their mass elements 13. This band 12 comprises in one of its extremities 12 a mechanical fastening element in the form of buckles 15 and its other extremity 12 b , on the other side, mechanical fasteners of the hook type. Preferably, the end 12 a of the band 12 is sewn on the outer face 3 a of the bag, so that the buckles 15 that are at the level of said bag 3, which improves the possibility of holding by the patient who does not have of doing it with one hand. The band 12 itself can therefore, as illustrated in Figures 6 and 7, ensure the clamping and locking in position of two mass elements 13 arranged in the fixing areas in front of and behind the same member.

It can be seen that, thanks to the flexibility of the plate that constitutes the mass element, therefore exists during the clamping of the band 12 a deformation of the elements 13 that make a better adaptation of these elements mass with respect to the configuration of the patient's body in The default zone.

The combination 2 in each fixing zone must to be able to support important masses, being able to increase the total mass up to 10 kg Therefore, it is necessary that the material constituting this combination present, at least at the level of said areas of fixing, a deformation resistance sufficient for the presence of the mass elements will not alter the structure of said combination. Preferably, it is a fabric of cotton / polyester whose texture is a twill and has a elongation in chain direction as a weft direction less than 5 mm for the application of a tensile force of 500 g. So that ensure the fit of combination 2 on the body of the user, grooved edges 17 are provided brought back to the level of the wrists, neck and ankles as well as the elastic portions, possibly in the form of supported bands, located in locations that do not correspond to the zones general fixing. In the illustrated example of combination 2, this comprises elastic bands supported 18 at the level of the bust side and leg side seams, seams crotch, and seams on the arms. The size is, as for She, simply elastic.

In an example of precise realization, given to non-limiting title, combination 2 was made from a weave chain and weft, twill texture 2/1, making 240g / m2, composed of 65% cotton with long carded fibers and 35% high strength polyester.

The elements 17 supported at the neck level, wrists and ankles were knitted elements on the ribbed edge 1/1 compounds of 49% of acrylic fibers 49% cotton and 2% of elastane Elastic bands 18 supported were knitted bands 1/1 ribs composed of 37% polyamide and 63% elastane (latex).

On figure 3 it has been represented, in plan, an intended garment, after sewing according to its two limbs, to constitute an elastic headband 19. This piece is constituted by a band 20 comprising four general fixing areas 21 and two planned cross bands elastic 22.

The presence of elastic bands 22 allows use the same band 20 for users who have a tour of different head

The four mass elements, distributed to the length of the band 20 in the elastic headband 19 are arranged by them with respect to the forehead and two of them with with respect to the cogote, each one of part and another one of the medium axis. The desired distance between the median axis of the body and the center of gravity of the mass element is 80 mm because it refers to two frontal zones and 120 mm in regard to the two zones occipital

Advantageously, a complementary line of reference 23, adding to other lines 6, is performed in a manner transverse to band 20 at an equal distance between the two zones front fixing. This reference line allows you to adjust the placement of the elastic headband 19 with respect to the medium axis of the user's head.

It has been used for band 20 and both bands elastic 22 the same materials as described above as regards the combination 2.

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An article of reference that is presented in the form of a glove 24. More precise, garment 25 has the structure of a mitt with a general fixing area 26 that is arranged on the face top of said mitt 25 with its reference lines 6. The doll 27 of the mitt is elastic.

The desired distance for the placement of the mass element 26 is 60 mm between the center of gravity of said Element and crease of the wrist.

The material used for the realization of this glove 24 is a fabric that has a certain elasticity, being It consists of a mixture of 98% polyamide and 2% elastane. On the contrary, the constituent material of the bag that serves as Mass element housing is the same as the combination namely a polyester cotton twill.

A garment of dress intended to constitute a sock 28. Includes a piece, shown flat in figure 5, which is actually a sleeve 29 obtained by sewing the two edges 30. Said sock 28 it comprises a single general fixing area 31 arranged on the upper face, corresponding to the dorsal side of the foot when said sleeve 29 is placed on the foot by the user. Distance desired between the center of gravity of the mass element and the fold Anterior ankle is 60 mm.

The sleeve 29 comprises, as fixing means on the foot, two bands 32 whose end 32 a is fixed to said sleeve 29 and the other end 29 b carries mechanical fasteners in the form of buckles 33 for one and in the form of hooks 34 for other.

When sleeve 29 is tucked over the foot, its upper edge 35 is at the level of the crease of the neck of the foot. Eventually, between the two bands 32, the sleeve 29 comprises a extension 36 extending beyond the neck fold of the foot.

The two bands 32 are wrapped around the ankle and locked in position thanks to elements 33, 34 of mechanical fixation

Therefore, when a user wears the set constituted of the combination 2, of the elastic band of the head 19, gloves 24 and socks 28, it is possible to adapt the Massive elements in twenty-eight general fixing areas. For The mass elements 7mm thick, the density is respectively of the order of 2.5 or 4 for a total mass at distribute 3 or 5 kg.

From a therapeutic point of view, it is preferable that the dress set, without any element mass, not present a mass greater than 700 g.

The present invention is not limited to the mode of embodiment described by way of non-exhaustive example. In particular, even if it is preferable that the mass elements are arranged in the bags that serve as accommodation, you can conceive to eliminate bags to therefore have a means effective fixed connection between the mass element and the garment of wear.

In addition, the dimensions of the mass elements they will vary depending on the surface of each general area of fixing, the mass to be used and the density of the material constitutive of the mass element. In practice, the solution preferred to be fixedly attached to the garment mass elements that have given dimensions, but a density which is variable depending on the mass to be used. It's about a loaded elastomeric material, varying the density by adjusting the proportion of load on the material.

Claims (16)

1. Article (1) intended for the reeducation of muscular or neurological functions of a patient or the diagnosis of a muscular or neurological dysfunction comprising a garment (2) that is suitable to cover at least one part of the body in a tight manner and which further comprises at least one flexible mass element of low thickness characterized in that the mass element that is independent of the garment (2) and which can be fixedly attached to the garment (2) by means of fixed connection, it comprises reference means (6, 37, 38) that allow precise placement of the mass element according to a predetermined area of a general fixing area (4). 2. Article according to claim 1, characterized in that the mass element is housed, tightly, in a bag (3) independent of the garment (2). 3. Article according to claim 2, characterized in that the garment (2) in each general fixing area (4) and the bag (3) are equipped with a mechanical fixing system that cooperates by the fixed union of the bag ( 3) on the garment (2). 4. Article according to one of claims 1 to 3, characterized in that in each fixing area (4), the reference means consist of at least one set of parallel reference lines (6), worn on the garment (2 ) in the fixing area (4) and / or on the mass element and / or on the bag. 5. Article according to claim 4, characterized by a set of parallel reference lines (6), carried on the garment (2), transverse to the general direction of the member by the fixing areas corresponding to the upper and lower members and according to the elongation for the fixing areas arranged on the front and rear faces of said piece, the reference being made by aligning an upper or lower edge of the mass element or the bag with a given reference line. 6. Article according to claim 5, characterized in that, in each fixing zone (4), two parallel bands (5) of mechanical fixing are fixed on the garment (2), transverse to the parallel reference lines (6) , and because the mass element or the bag (3) comprise two parallel bands of mechanical fixation suitable to cooperate with those carried on the garment for the fixation of the mass element or of the bag according to the fixing area. 7. Article according to one of claims 4 to 6, characterized in that the reference means consist of two sets of reference lines (6, 37, 38), the lines of the first set (6) being substantially perpendicular to the lines of the second game (37, 38), which allows a bidirectional reference. 8. Article according to one of claims 4 to 7, characterized in that the reference lines consist of seams. An article according to one of claims 1 to 8, characterized in that it comprises one or more fastening bands suitable for blocking the mass element on the garment in the predetermined area. 10. Article according to claim 9, characterized in that the mass element is placed in a separate bag, the band (12) has an end (12 a ) fixed to said bag (3), and fixing means (16, 15) are provided on another free end (12 b ) of the band (12) and on the outer face (3 a ) of the bag (3). 11. Article according to one of claims 1 to 10, characterized in that the garment presented in the form of a combination (2), comprises, on each front and rear face, ten general fixing areas (4), namely:

to.

for each sleeve, an area between the wrist and the elbow and another between the elbow and the shoulder,

b.

for each member lower one area between the knee and ankle and another between the pelvis and the knee,

c.

two zones arranged laterally over the chest for the front face and back and high back for the back face.

12. Article according to claim 11, characterized in that the garment (2) comprises elastic bands (8) provided at the level of the seams on the side of the bust and the side of the leg, seams between the legs and seams under the arm. 13. Article according to one of claims 11 or 12, characterized in that it comprises for one and / or other general fixing areas located on the front face and the rear face of the combination at the level of the chest and back and on the thighs, serving a housing bag of a mass element, and because it comprises complementary fixing means suitable for fixing the bag over a bag placed in a predetermined area.

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14. Article according to one of claims 1 to 4, which is presented in the form of an elastic head band, characterized in that the garment is constituted by a band having four general fixing areas and two elastic provided cross bands. 15. Article according to one of claims 1 to 4 which is presented in the form of a glove, characterized in that the garment has the structure of a mitt with a general fixing area arranged on the upper face of the mitt. 16. Article according to one of claims 1 to 4, for the foot, characterized in that the garment is in the form of a sleeve with a general fixing area arranged on the upper face, corresponding to the sole of the foot.