ES2201898B1 - TAPACUBOS WITH INTEGRATED RIM FIXING SCREWS. - Google Patents
TAPACUBOS WITH INTEGRATED RIM FIXING SCREWS.Info
- Publication number
- ES2201898B1 ES2201898B1 ES200200704A ES200200704A ES2201898B1 ES 2201898 B1 ES2201898 B1 ES 2201898B1 ES 200200704 A ES200200704 A ES 200200704A ES 200200704 A ES200200704 A ES 200200704A ES 2201898 B1 ES2201898 B1 ES 2201898B1
- Authority
- ES
- Spain
- Prior art keywords
- sleeve
- hubcap
- lip
- screw
- rim
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Expired - Fee Related
Links
- 230000014759 maintenance of location Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 3
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 abstract description 3
- 239000000725 suspension Substances 0.000 description 7
- 238000004873 anchoring Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000009434 installation Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 description 2
- 230000000717 retained effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 244000003416 Asparagus officinalis Species 0.000 description 1
- 235000005340 Asparagus officinalis Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 206010003497 Asphyxia Diseases 0.000 description 1
- 239000004952 Polyamide Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000009286 beneficial effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000006835 compression Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000007906 compression Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000011888 foil Substances 0.000 description 1
- ZZUFCTLCJUWOSV-UHFFFAOYSA-N furosemide Chemical compound C1=C(Cl)C(S(=O)(=O)N)=CC(C(O)=O)=C1NCC1=CC=CO1 ZZUFCTLCJUWOSV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 230000035515 penetration Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000004033 plastic Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229920002647 polyamide Polymers 0.000 description 1
Classifications
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
- B60B—VEHICLE WHEELS; CASTORS; AXLES FOR WHEELS OR CASTORS; INCREASING WHEEL ADHESION
- B60B7/00—Wheel cover discs, rings, or the like, for ornamenting, protecting, venting, or obscuring, wholly or in part, the wheel body, rim, hub, or tyre sidewall, e.g. wheel cover discs, wheel cover discs with cooling fins
- B60B7/02—Wheel cover discs, rings, or the like, for ornamenting, protecting, venting, or obscuring, wholly or in part, the wheel body, rim, hub, or tyre sidewall, e.g. wheel cover discs, wheel cover discs with cooling fins made essentially in one part
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
- B60B—VEHICLE WHEELS; CASTORS; AXLES FOR WHEELS OR CASTORS; INCREASING WHEEL ADHESION
- B60B7/00—Wheel cover discs, rings, or the like, for ornamenting, protecting, venting, or obscuring, wholly or in part, the wheel body, rim, hub, or tyre sidewall, e.g. wheel cover discs, wheel cover discs with cooling fins
- B60B7/06—Fastening arrangements therefor
- B60B7/061—Fastening arrangements therefor characterised by the part of the wheels to which the discs, rings or the like are mounted
- B60B7/068—Fastening arrangements therefor characterised by the part of the wheels to which the discs, rings or the like are mounted to the wheel bolts or wheel nuts
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
- B60B—VEHICLE WHEELS; CASTORS; AXLES FOR WHEELS OR CASTORS; INCREASING WHEEL ADHESION
- B60B7/00—Wheel cover discs, rings, or the like, for ornamenting, protecting, venting, or obscuring, wholly or in part, the wheel body, rim, hub, or tyre sidewall, e.g. wheel cover discs, wheel cover discs with cooling fins
- B60B7/06—Fastening arrangements therefor
- B60B7/14—Fastening arrangements therefor comprising screw-threaded means
Landscapes
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
- Tires In General (AREA)
- Connection Of Plates (AREA)
Abstract
Tapacubos con tornillos de fijación a la llanta integrados, del tipo constituido por una carcasa embellecedora que cubre total o parcialmente la llanta metálica de la rueda, comprendiendo una serie de proyecciones tubulares o manguitos cilíndricos en los que se encuentran respectivamente alojados una tuerca o tornillo de fijación de la rueda al cubo. Dicho manguito comprende un elemento de retención permanente del citado tornillo o tuerca al tapacubos, constituido por un labio circundante existente en la superficie interior del manguito y alojado en una garganta o estrangulamiento cilíndrico del tornillo, delimitado entre dos topes extremos. Dicho medio de sujeción permite el movimiento axial del tornillo o tuerca entre dos posiciones definidas, sin permitir su extracción total del tapacubos, facultando la extracción del tapacubos solo mediante el uso de una herramienta aplicable sobre dichos tornillos o tuercas.Hubcaps with integrated rim fastening screws, of the type consisting of a trim cover that covers all or part of the metal wheel rim, comprising a series of tubular projections or cylindrical sleeves in which a nut or screw of respectively are housed wheel fixing to the hub. Said sleeve comprises a permanent retention element of said screw or nut to the hubcap, constituted by a surrounding lip existing in the inner surface of the sleeve and housed in a cylindrical throat or throttle of the screw, delimited between two end stops. Said fastening means allows the axial movement of the screw or nut between two defined positions, without allowing its total removal of the hubcaps, enabling the removal of the hubcaps only by using an applicable tool on said screws or nuts.
Description
Tapacubos con tornillos de fijación a la llanta integrados.Hubcaps with rim fixing screws integrated.
La presente solicitud de Patente de Invención tiene por objeto el registro de un tapacubos con tornillos de fijación a la llanta integrados que incorpora notables innovaciones y ventajas frente a los actuales tapacubos y sistemas de fijación de la rueda de un vehículo o automóvil al cubo de la suspensión.The present invention patent application Its purpose is to register a hubcap with screws integrated tire fixation that incorporates notable innovations and advantages over current hubcaps and fixing systems the wheel of a vehicle or car to the suspension hub.
Más concretamente la nueva invención consiste en un tapacubos o elemento integral que comprende sobre sí mismo el conjunto de tornillos o tuercas necesarios para la fijación de la rueda al cubo del grupo de suspensión. Dichos tornillos se encuentran alojados respectivamente en un manguito tubular de alineación con sistema de retención por un labio circundante alojado en el interior de una garganta existente en la mencionada tuerca o tornillo.More specifically, the new invention consists of a hubcap or integral element comprising on itself the set of screws or nuts necessary for fixing the wheel to the hub of the suspension group. These screws are they are housed respectively in a tubular sleeve of alignment with retention system by a surrounding lip housed inside an existing throat in the aforementioned nut or screw
Es común el uso de tapacubos y embellecedores en las ruedas de los vehículos automóviles para tapar total o parcialmente la llanta metálica a efectos de su protección y del buje en la que se encuentra montada dicha rueda. El tapacubos montado sobre la llanta protege al buje de golpes y proyecciones de piedras y elementos extraños, extendiendo su protección a elementos tales como son el mecanismo de frenado y la suspensión, reduce ruidos aerodinámicos y además embellece la estética del vehículo en general.It is common to use hubcaps and trims in the wheels of motor vehicles to fully cover or partially the metal rim for protection and hub on which said wheel is mounted. The hubcaps mounted on the rim protects the hub from bumps and projections of stones and foreign elements, extending their protection to elements such as the braking mechanism and suspension, reduces aerodynamic noises and also beautifies the aesthetics of the vehicle in general.
Las llantas de las ruedas están sujetas al buje de la suspensión por tornillos roscados o por unas tuercas dispuestas sobre tornillos salientes de dicho buje.Wheel rims are attached to the hub of the suspension by threaded screws or nuts arranged on protruding screws of said bushing.
La colocación de los tornillos o tuercas para la fijación de la rueda al buje del grupo suspensión del coche se realiza uno a uno, siendo dicha operación incómoda para un usuario particular o en un pequeño taller de reparación. Solo los grandes fabricantes de automóviles disponen de máquinas específicas que permiten introducir todos los tornillos o tuercas simultáneamente por operarios especializados en la línea de montaje. En este montaje se ha de tener en cuenta la instalación del tapacubos, que a veces está sujeto entre los tornillos y la llanta con lo que se complica la operación de montaje.The placement of screws or nuts for Wheel fixing to the car suspension group hub is performs one by one, said operation being uncomfortable for a user private or in a small repair shop. Only the big ones car manufacturers have specific machines that allow to introduce all the screws or nuts simultaneously by operators specialized in the assembly line. In this assembly must take into account the installation of the hubcap, which sometimes it is fastened between the screws and the rim with what complicates the assembly operation.
El tapacubos con tornillos de fijación a la llanta integrados objeto del presente registro, se caracteriza porque comprende una constitución específica para retener de forma continua los tornillos o tuercas de fijación de la rueda en él mismo, tanto cuando está montado como cuando está desmontado. Este aspecto es altamente beneficioso, ya que permite al fabricante de automóviles el montaje de la rueda y el tapacubos en un menor tiempo y con una mayor facilidad para el operario. Además, el usuario particular y el taller de reparación tienen que manipular menos piezas sueltas al cambiar la rueda, ya que el tapacubos presenta en su interior todos los tornillos o tuercas de fijación.The hubcap with fixing screws to the integrated tire object of this register, it is characterized because it comprises a specific constitution to retain so continue the screws or nuts fixing the wheel on it same, both when mounted and when disassembled. This aspect is highly beneficial because it allows the manufacturer to cars wheel assembly and hubcaps in a minor time and with greater ease for the operator. In addition, the private user and the repair shop have to manipulate fewer loose parts when changing the wheel, since the hubcap It has all the screws or nuts inside fixation.
Efectivamente el tapacubos comprende el clásico elemento discoidal de cubrición de la llanta, constituido en material resistente, tal como lámina metálica o preferentemente un material plástico, tal como la poliamida u otros. Dicho tapacubos presenta en coordinación con los tornillos salientes u orificios de anclaje del buje unos manguitos tubulares o cilindros de alineación en donde se encuentra alojados los respectivos tornillos o tuercas.Indeed the hubcap includes the classic discoidal element covering the tire, constituted in resistant material, such as metal foil or preferably a plastic material, such as polyamide or others. Said hubcaps presents in coordination with the protruding screws or holes of bushing anchor tubular sleeves or alignment cylinders where the respective screws are housed or nuts
Tomando como base un buje con espárragos salientes como medio de anclaje de la rueda, los tapacubos comprenden tuercas roscadas sobre cada uno de dichos espárragos. Las citadas tuercas presentan una conformación diferente de las tuercas estándar utilizadas convencionalmente. Las tuercas que comprende la nueva invención son ligeramente más alargadas y constan de una garganta o estrangulamiento circundante destinado a alojar un labio existente en el interior de del manguito de recepción correspondiente.Based on a bushing with studs protrusions as a means of anchoring the wheel, the hubcaps they comprise threaded nuts on each of said studs. The said nuts have a different conformation from the Standard nuts used conventionally. The nuts that understand the new invention are slightly more elongated and consist of a throat or surrounding strangulation intended for accommodate an existing lip inside the sleeve of corresponding reception.
Dicha garganta está definida anterior y posteriormente por sendos topes que limitan el recorrido del labio interior y por lo tanto evitan que el tornillo se salga del manguito, quedando retenido. Además, el contorno del tope interior de la tuerca está ajustada, pero con libertad de deslizamiento a la superficie interior del manguito, cuya longitud es la suficiente como para que la tuerca no se salga cuando alcanza su mayor profundidad de penetración. De esta forma la tuerca se encuentra perfectamente alineada con el espárrago saliente del buje para su atornillado, facilitando dicha operación.Said throat is defined above and later by two stops that limit the path of the lip inside and therefore prevent the screw from getting out of the cuff, being retained. In addition, the contour of the inner stop of the nut is adjusted, but with freedom of sliding to the inner surface of the sleeve, whose length is sufficient so that the nut does not come out when it reaches its highest penetration depth In this way the nut is perfectly aligned with the bushing stud stud for its screwed, facilitating said operation.
Se ha previsto que el labio circundante del manguito presente su contorno interior inclinado, conjugado con el contorno externo del tope posterior de la garganta cercana a la cabeza del tornillo. Dicha inclinación del labio en el manguito y el tope de la garganta en la tuerca permite que dicha tuerca se pueda introducir forzada con facilidad en el tapacubos durante su montaje antes de ser suministrado al cliente. Una vez montado el tornillo permite la instalación del tapacubos sobre la rueda e impide que se extraiga dicho tapacubos sin que se rompa o deforme el tapacubos si no es usando herramientas adecuadas.The surrounding lip of the cuff present its inclined inner contour, conjugated with the external contour of the posterior stop of the throat near the screw head Said inclination of the lip in the sleeve and the throat stop on the nut allows that nut to be easily forced into the hubcap during assembly before being supplied to the customer. Once the screw is mounted allows the installation of the hubcap on the wheel and prevents it from remove the hubcap without breaking or deforming the hubcap if It is not using proper tools.
Cuando el tapacubos se encuentra extraído de la rueda, las tuercas se mueven longitudinalmente en el interior del manguito correspondiente, limitado por el recorrido del labio interior del manguito entre los dos topes de la garganta. De esta forma ninguna de las tuercas puede salirse del tapacubos cuando está desmontado.When the hubcap is removed from the wheel, the nuts move longitudinally inside the corresponding cuff, limited by lip travel inside the sleeve between the two throat stops. This shape none of the nuts can get out of the hubcap when It is disassembled.
El montaje del tapacubos se simplifica ya que solo es necesario colocar el tapacubos sobre la llanta y se centra de forma automática mediante unos clips de apoyo en los hombros de la llanta. Una vez centrado el tapacubos se aprietan las tuercas sobre los espárragos del buje uno a uno.The hubcap assembly is simplified since it is only necessary to place the hubcap on the rim and it is centered automatically using support clips on the shoulders of rim. Once the hubcap is centered, the nuts are tightened on the bushing studs one by one.
Cuando el tapacubos se encuentra instalado sobre la llanta de la rueda las tuercas sujetan el tapacubos mediante la interferencia existente entre el labio del manguito y el tope de la garganta cercano a la cabeza externa de la tuerca. Dicha interferencia se realiza en base a los contornos enfrentados rectos del labio del manguito y del tope de la garganta. La disposición de dicho tope está calculada para que exista una cierta compresión y flexión del tapacubos contra la llanta, optimizando su fijación.When the hubcap is installed on the wheel rim the nuts hold the hubcap through the interference between the lip of the sleeve and the top of the throat close to the outer head of the nut. Bliss interference is made based on straight facing contours of the cuff lip and throat stop. The disposition of said stop is calculated so that there is a certain compression and flexing the hubcap against the tire, optimizing its fixation.
Igualmente el desmontado del tapacubos también es sencillo, desatornillando cada una de las tuercas. Las tuercas al quedar libres del espárrago siguen retenidas en el interior del manguito con lo que al final de la operación de desatornillado se extraen conjuntas con el tapacubos.Also the disassembly of the hubcap is also simple, unscrewing each of the nuts. The nuts at remain free of asparagus remain retained inside the sleeve with what at the end of the unscrewing operation is extract joint with the hubcap.
Toda la descripción se ha realizado tomando como base que la sujeción de la llanta al buje se realiza mediante tuercas sobre espárragos salientes del citado buje. Pero la nueva invención también es aplicable al sistema alternativo de sujeción por tornillos roscados sobre orificios existentes en los bujes. Tan solo es necesario que el tornillo esté adaptado con la garganta mencionada para que se pueda utilizar la misma invención sobre dichas ruedas.All the description has been made taking as base that the clamping of the tire to the hub is done by nuts on studs protruding from said bushing. But the new invention is also applicable to the alternative clamping system by threaded screws on holes in the bushings. So it is only necessary that the screw is adapted with the throat mentioned so that the same invention can be used on those wheels.
Para completar la descripción que seguidamente se va a realizar y con objeto de ayudar a una mejor comprensión de sus características, se acompaña a la presente memoria descriptiva, de un juego de figuras, de forma ilustrativa y no limitativa, donde se representan los detalles más significativos de la invención.To complete the description that follows will perform and in order to help a better understanding of their characteristics, is accompanied by the present specification, of a set of figures, in an illustrative and non-limiting way, where they represent the most significant details of the invention.
Figura 1.- Muestra una vista seccionada de un tapacubos de nueva invención.Figure 1.- Shows a sectional view of a hubcaps of new invention.
Figura 2.- Muestra una vista seccionada de un detalle de alojamiento de tuerca en el manguito.Figure 2.- Shows a sectional view of a nut housing detail in the sleeve.
Figura 3.- Muestra una vista seccionada de un detalle de alojamiento de tornillo en el manguito.Figure 3.- Shows a sectional view of a Screw housing detail in the sleeve.
A la vista de las comentadas figuras y de acuerdo con la numeración adoptada, se puede observar en las mismas una realización preferente aunque no limitativa de la invención, la cual consiste en un tapacubos de tipo discoidal o similar que comprende con cada uno de los espárragos de anclaje existentes en el cubo del grupo de suspensión un manguito (2) cilíndrico coaxial, proyectado desde la carcasa (1) hacia el interior, en el que se encuentra alojada una tuerca (3) de fijación de la llanta de la rueda al citado cubo, también dispuesta coaxialmente. Dicho manguito (2) presenta próximo a su embocadura exterior un labio (7) saliente circundante, el cual presenta su contorno (8) interior conificado y su contorno (10) exterior enrasado perpendicular con el eje del manguito (2). La tuerca (3) presenta en su contorno una garganta (4) o estrangulamiento circundante cilíndrico, delimitada entre dos topes (5 y 6) extremos. El labio (7) del manguito (2) se encuentra alojado en el interior de dicha garganta (4) de la tuerca (3) definida por los topes (5 y 6), estando a su vez el contorno circundante del tope (6) en contacto deslizante con la superficie interior del manguito (2). El contorno (11) interior del tope (5) se encuentra enrasado perpendicular con el eje del manguito (2) y enfrentado con el contorno (10) del labio (7), en tanto que el contorno (9) exterior del tope (5) se encuentra conificado conjugado con el contorno (8) del labio (7).In view of the commented figures and agree with the numbering adopted, you can see in them a preferred but not limited embodiment of the invention, the which consists of a discoid type hubcap or similar that comprises with each of the existing anchor studs in the suspension group hub a coaxial cylindrical sleeve (2), projected from the housing (1) inwards, in which it is housed a nut (3) fixing the rim of the wheel to said hub, also coaxially arranged. Said cuff (2) has a protruding lip (7) next to its outer mouth surrounding, which has its inner contour (8) tapered and its outer contour (10) flush perpendicular to the axis of the sleeve (2). The nut (3) has a throat (4) in its outline or cylindrical surrounding throttling, bounded between two stops (5 and 6) ends. The lip (7) of the sleeve (2) is located housed inside said throat (4) of the nut (3) defined by the stops (5 and 6), the contour being in turn surrounding the stop (6) in sliding contact with the surface inside of the sleeve (2). The inside contour (11) of the stop (5) is perpendicular flush with the shaft of the sleeve (2) and faced with the contour (10) of the lip (7), while the outer contour (9) of the stop (5) is tapered conjugated with the contour (8) of the lip (7).
En una alternativa de realización las tuercas (3) alojadas en los manguitos (2) del tapacubos (1) pueden estar sustituidas por tornillos (12) para su anclaje en orificios presentes en el cubo del grupo de suspensión de la rueda. Dichos tornillos (12) presentan de forma análoga idéntica constitución con una garganta (4) circundante delimitada por dos topes (5 y 6).In an alternative embodiment the nuts (3) housed in the sleeves (2) of the hubcap (1) may be replaced by screws (12) for anchoring in holes present in the hub of the wheel suspension group. Sayings Screws (12) have the same constitution similarly with a surrounding throat (4) bounded by two stops (5 and 6).
Claims (3)
Priority Applications (4)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
ES200200704A ES2201898B1 (en) | 2002-03-25 | 2002-03-25 | TAPACUBOS WITH INTEGRATED RIM FIXING SCREWS. |
ES200300654A ES2245843B1 (en) | 2002-03-25 | 2003-03-20 | IMPROVEMENTS INTRODUCED IN THE PATENT OF INVENTION N. 200200704, BY: TAPACUBOS WITH FASTENING SCREWS TO THE INTEGRATED RIM. |
PCT/ES2003/000138 WO2003080367A1 (en) | 2002-03-25 | 2003-03-24 | Hub cap with built-in rim-fixing screws |
US10/949,024 US20050082901A1 (en) | 2002-03-25 | 2004-09-24 | Hubcap with fastening elements coupled therein |
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
ES200200704A ES2201898B1 (en) | 2002-03-25 | 2002-03-25 | TAPACUBOS WITH INTEGRATED RIM FIXING SCREWS. |
Publications (2)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
---|---|
ES2201898A1 ES2201898A1 (en) | 2004-03-16 |
ES2201898B1 true ES2201898B1 (en) | 2005-06-01 |
Family
ID=28051968
Family Applications (2)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
---|---|---|---|
ES200200704A Expired - Fee Related ES2201898B1 (en) | 2002-03-25 | 2002-03-25 | TAPACUBOS WITH INTEGRATED RIM FIXING SCREWS. |
ES200300654A Expired - Fee Related ES2245843B1 (en) | 2002-03-25 | 2003-03-20 | IMPROVEMENTS INTRODUCED IN THE PATENT OF INVENTION N. 200200704, BY: TAPACUBOS WITH FASTENING SCREWS TO THE INTEGRATED RIM. |
Family Applications After (1)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
---|---|---|---|
ES200300654A Expired - Fee Related ES2245843B1 (en) | 2002-03-25 | 2003-03-20 | IMPROVEMENTS INTRODUCED IN THE PATENT OF INVENTION N. 200200704, BY: TAPACUBOS WITH FASTENING SCREWS TO THE INTEGRATED RIM. |
Country Status (2)
Country | Link |
---|---|
ES (2) | ES2201898B1 (en) |
WO (1) | WO2003080367A1 (en) |
Families Citing this family (2)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
DE102004017554A1 (en) | 2004-04-07 | 2005-11-03 | Ise Innomotive Systems Europe Gmbh | wheel cover |
DE102020205204A1 (en) | 2020-04-23 | 2021-10-28 | Thyssenkrupp Steel Europe Ag | Vehicle wheel made of steel |
Family Cites Families (7)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US4842339A (en) * | 1987-12-21 | 1989-06-27 | Ford Motor Company | Vehicle wheel cover and assembly |
US4998780A (en) * | 1989-10-02 | 1991-03-12 | Saturn Corporation | Wheel trim retention |
US5181767A (en) * | 1990-07-30 | 1993-01-26 | Thompson International, Inc. | Lug nut retention for wheel cover |
US5520445A (en) * | 1994-05-18 | 1996-05-28 | Industrial & Automotive Fasteners, Inc. | Wheel trim and lug nut retention system |
US5667281A (en) * | 1996-04-29 | 1997-09-16 | Textron Automotive Company Inc. | Wheel cover assembly |
US5842749A (en) * | 1997-05-02 | 1998-12-01 | Mckechnie Vehicle Components (Usa), Inc. | Covered lug retention assembly for wheel cover |
US5918946A (en) * | 1997-10-31 | 1999-07-06 | Mckechnie Vehicle Components (Usa), Inc. | Lug nut lock |
-
2002
- 2002-03-25 ES ES200200704A patent/ES2201898B1/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
-
2003
- 2003-03-20 ES ES200300654A patent/ES2245843B1/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
- 2003-03-24 WO PCT/ES2003/000138 patent/WO2003080367A1/en not_active Application Discontinuation
Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
---|---|
ES2245843A1 (en) | 2006-01-16 |
ES2201898A1 (en) | 2004-03-16 |
ES2245843B1 (en) | 2007-05-01 |
WO2003080367A1 (en) | 2003-10-02 |
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FD2A | Announcement of lapse in spain |
Effective date: 20190521 |
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FD2A | Announcement of lapse in spain |
Effective date: 20190604 |