ES1287323U - Fertilizer based on sarcosin and free amino acids for different crops (Machine-translation by Google Translate, not legally binding) - Google Patents

Abstract

A nitrogen fertilizer comprising: - sarcosin in an amount of at least 10% w/v; and - Free amino acids in an amount of at least 10% w/v. (Machine-translation by Google Translate, not legally binding)

Description

DESCRIPTION

FERTILIZER BASED ON SARCOSINE AND FREE AMINO ACIDS FOR

DIFFERENT CROPS

TECHNICAL SECTOR

The present invention relates to a new nitrogen fertilizer comprising sarcosine and free amino acids for use in different crops.

BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION

The effort to obtain a higher yield in crops has led to the use of excessive amounts of fertilizers that provide nutrients, such as (fertilizers) and chemically synthesized fertilizers, with the consequent environmental and economic consequences.

In order to overcome this problem, different alternatives have been proposed, such as the development of biostimulants to improve crop productivity, which accelerate plant growth, or the use of free amino acids in the preparation of new fertilizers.

Amino acids are component molecules of peptides and proteins of great importance produced by plants. Amino acids are synthesized normally fulfilling various functions in the plant; Among the functions they develop are the improvement in the absorption of nitrogen, the chelating effect of some amino acids such as L-proline and the antioxidant activity of L-glycine betaine and proline. Currently its use in crop biostimulation is mainly aimed at mitigating biotic and abiotic stress. Exogenous amino acids are safe tools, free of genotoxicity, ecotoxicity or phytotoxicity, which is why they have recently been studied for their direct and indirect benefits in plants. Their use has grown in recent years, since they are compounds suitable for horticultural crops that require improvements in the management of nutrition, physiology and plant stress. Amino acids are the most difficult substances for the plant to produce and are involved in many processes, mainly in the recovery of plants that have been subjected to some type of stress, since when a plant is under stress it avoids producing these substances that consume a lot of energy and concentrates them in the points it needs via the phloem.

On the other hand, sarcosine, also known as N-methylglycine, is an intermediate product and a by-product in the synthesis and degradation of glycine. Sarcosine has been described as a component to reduce the degradation of growth hormones and as a preservative in an effective amount to retard the growth of bacteria, fungi or mold.

EXPLANATION OF THE INVENTION

In the present invention, a new nitrogenous fertilizer has been developed that comprises:

• Sarcosine at 10% w/v;

• Total nitrogen (N) at 7.1% w/v, of which 5.4% urea nitrogen (N) and 1.8% organic nitrogen (N);

• Free amino acids obtained by hydrolysis of keratin at 10.5% w/v.

These free amino acids allow coping with water, thermal and/or saline stress situations, as well as helping the crop recover after these episodes and promoting the synthesis of phytohormones.

In addition, the size of the free amino acids allows them to enter plant cells easily and quickly, so that their beneficial effect is seen in the short term. In the same way, their chemical structure and size allow their transport through the xylem to the areas of the plant where they are needed.

It has been observed that the use of the fertilizer of the invention considerably increases the biomass of the plant and the production in different crops selected from among rice, cotton, tomato, olive trees, almond trees, orange trees, watermelon, melon, strawberries, beet, vegetables, cereals winter (wheat, barley, rye, oats) and summer cereals (corn and sorghum).

The application of the fertilizer has been carried out on the ground, both in drip irrigation and injected.

Therefore, in a first aspect, the invention relates to a nitrogenous fertilizer comprising:

- sarcosine in an amount of at least 10% w/v; and

- free amino acids in an amount of at least 10% w/v.

In a preferred embodiment, the amount of sarcosine is 10% w/v.

In another preferred embodiment, the amount of free amino acids is 10.5% w/v.

In another even more preferred embodiment, these free amino acids come from the hydrolysis of keratin.

In a second aspect, the invention refers to the use of the fertilizer of the invention as described above to increase the biomass of plants, preferably crops selected from rice, cotton, tomato, olive trees, almond trees, orange trees, watermelon , melon, strawberries, beets, vegetables, winter cereals (wheat, barley, rye, oats) and summer cereals (corn and sorghum).

In a preferred embodiment, the fertilizer of the invention is used in cotton and tomato crops.

Below are the trials carried out in the field with the different crops indicated above, designed in such a way that a first conventional nitrogen fertilization is always carried out, that is, a standard nitrogen fertilizer was applied to certain units established in the control plots. and in parallel, in that same type of crop, the effect of the fertilizer of the invention is evaluated at the indicated dosage together with conventional nitrogen fertilizer, but considerably reducing the units of nitrogen fertilizer, up to 50%.

It is observed that with both treatments the same production was reached or even improved with the use of the fertilizer of the invention, but with the already mentioned savings of up to half of the nitrogenous fertilizer when used in combination with the fertilizer of the invention.

Therefore, the use of this new fertilizer implies an economic advantage in the reduction of nitrogen fertilizer, saving up to half of the nitrogen product that had been used up to now with the different types of crops.

PREFERRED EMBODIMENT OF THE INVENTION

Example 1. Use of the fertilizer of the invention in cotton and tomato crops

For cotton cultivation, fertilization was carried out as follows:

Two plots were tested where the same background treatment was made before planting with a standard nitrogen fertilizer. After four months, a cover treatment was carried out by means of fertigation.

1) Control plot treated with a conventional nitrogenous fertilizer, applying 148 Units of conventional Nitrogenous Fertilizer per hectare (U.F.N/ ha).

2) Plot treated with the fertilizer of the invention together with a conventional nitrogen fertilizer in half of the units (75.69 U.F.N/ha).

Sarcosine is prepared at 10% weight/volume (w/v), that is, 10g of sarcosine per 100ml of free amino acid concentrate solution at a concentration of 10.5% w/v. 2.5 liters of this preparation per hectare were applied at the same time as the standard cover treatment.

The production achieved eight months after sowing is similar in both plots, but with a saving of 50% of the conventional nitrogen fertilizer in the plot treated with the fertilizer of the invention. Specifically, in the control plot, 6,533 Kg/ha were harvested and in the plot treated with the fertilizer of the invention, 6,565 Kg/ha were reached.

For the tomato crop, fertilization began ten days after sowing with the standard nitrogenous fertilizer and continues to be applied in a conventional manner both in the control plot and in the plot to be treated with the fertilizer of the invention.

After two months, the fertilizer of the invention (2.5 L/ha) is applied and the conventional nitrogen fertilizer is applied to the control plot instead.

Subsequently, the conventional nitrogenous fertilizer continues to be applied in both plots. So that in the control plot a total of 222 U.F.N/ha has been applied and in the plot treated with the fertilizer of the invention 145 U.F.N/ha. In this case, it has been possible to reduce the application of nitrogen fertilizer by 77 U.F.N/ha, approximately 35%.

Tomato production in both cases was the same, 120,000 Kg/ha, but with the aforementioned reduction in the amount of conventional nitrogen fertilizer.

The results of the tests on both crops are shown in the following table:

Claims (9)

1. A nitrogenous fertilizer comprising: - sarcosine in an amount of at least 10% w/v; and - free amino acids in an amount of at least 10% w/v. 2. Fertilizer according to claim 1, where the amount of sarcosine is 10% w/v. 3. Fertilizer according to any of the preceding claims, where the amount of free amino acids is 10.5% w/v. 4. Fertilizer according to the preceding claim, where the free amino acids come from the hydrolysis of keratin. 5. Use of the fertilizer described according to any of the preceding claims to increase the biomass of plants. 6. Use according to claim 5, where the plants are crops selected from among rice, cotton, tomato, olive trees, almond trees, orange trees, watermelon, melon, strawberries, beet, vegetables and cereals. 7. Use according to claim 6, wherein the cereals are winter, selected from wheat, barley, rye and oats, or summer cereals selected from corn and sorghum. 8. Use according to claim 6 where the crop is cotton. 9. Use according to claim 6 where the crop is tomato.