DE202022107085U1 - Fertilizer based on sarcosine and free amino acids for various crops - Google Patents

Abstract

Nitrogen fertilizer comprising:
- sarcosine in an amount of at least 10% (w/v); and
- Free amino acids in an amount of at least 10% (w/v).

Description

TECHNICAL AREA

The present invention relates to a novel nitrogen fertilizer for use in various crops, which comprises sarcosine and free amino acids.

BACKGROUND ART

Efforts to achieve higher crop yields have led to excessive use of nutrient-supply fertilizers (such as manure and chemical-synthetic fertilizers), with attendant environmental and economic impacts.

With the aim of solving this problem, various alternatives have been devised, such as the development of biostimulants to improve crop yields, accelerating plant growth, or the use of free amino acids in the manufacture of novel fertilizers.

Amino acids are extremely important molecular building blocks of peptides and proteins and are produced by plants. The amino acids are synthesized in the normal way and perform various functions in the plant; the functions they perform include enhancing nitrogen uptake, the chelating function of some amino acids such as L-proline, and the antioxidant effects of L-glycine betaine and proline. They are currently used in the context of biostimulation of cultures, mainly to mitigate biotic and abiotic stress. Exogenous amino acids are safe tools that are not genotoxic, ecotoxic, or phytotoxic, which is why they have recently been studied for their direct and indirect benefits in plants. Their use has increased in recent years as they are compounds suitable for fruit and vegetable crops that need improvement in terms of nutritional value, physiology and vegetative stress. Amino acids are the substances that plants find difficult to produce and that are involved in many processes, primarily in the regeneration of plants that have been subjected to different types of stress, since when a plant is stressed, it stops producing them Substances that require a lot of energy, and concentrates them on the places where they are needed via the phloem.

Sarcosine, also known as N-methylglycine, is an intermediate and by-product of the synthesis and breakdown of glycine. Sarcosine has been described as a building block for reducing the breakdown of growth hormones, as well as a preservative that, in sufficient amounts, is effective in slowing the growth of bacteria, fungi and mold.

EXPLANATION OF THE INVENTION

• • Sarkosin mit 10 % (w/v);
• • Stickstoff (N) mit insgesamt 7,1 % (w/v), davon 5,4 % Harnstoff-Stickstoff (N) und 1,8 % organischer Stickstoff (N);
• • Freie Aminosäuren, erhalten mittels Keratinhydrolyse, mit 10,5 % (w/v).

A novel nitrogen fertilizer has been developed for the present invention, which includes:

• • Sarcosine with 10% (w/v);
• • Nitrogen (N) with a total of 7.1% (w/v), of which 5.4% urea nitrogen (N) and 1.8% organic nitrogen (N);
• • Free amino acids obtained by keratin hydrolysis at 10.5% (w/v).

These free amino acids make it possible to withstand stressful situations caused by stress factors such as lack of water, heat and/or salinity and to help crops to recover after such episodes and to stimulate phytohormone synthesis.

In addition, due to their size, the free amino acids can penetrate the plant cells easily and quickly, so that they can develop their positive effect within a short time. Likewise, their chemical makeup and size allow them to be transported across the xylem to areas of the plant where they are needed.

It has been observed that the use of the fertilizer of the invention leads to a significant increase in plant biomass and yield in different crops selected from rice, Cotton, tomato, olive, almond, orange, watermelon, cantaloupe, strawberry, beetroot, vegetables, winter cereals (wheat, barley, rye, oats) and summer cereals (corn and sorghum).

The fertilizer was applied above ground, both by drip irrigation and sprayed.

• - Sarkosin in einer Menge von mindestens 10 % (w/v); und
• - freie Aminosäuren in einer Menge von mindestens 10 % (w/v).

Therefore, a main aspect of the invention relates to a novel nitrogen fertilizer comprising:

• - sarcosine in an amount of at least 10% (w/v); and
• - Free amino acids in an amount of at least 10% (w/v).

In a preferred embodiment the amount of sarcosine is 10% (w/v).

In another preferred embodiment, the amount of free amino acids is 10.5% (w/v).

In an even more preferred embodiment, the free amino acids are derived from the hydrolysis of keratin.

In a second aspect, the invention relates to the use of the fertilizer of the invention as described above to increase the biomass of plants, preferably crops selected from rice, cotton, tomato, olive, almond, orange, watermelon, cantaloupe, strawberry , beets, vegetables, winter cereals (wheat, barley, rye, oats) and summer cereals (corn and sorghum).

In a preferred embodiment, the fertilizer of the invention is used in cotton and tomato crops.

The field trials carried out on the various crops indicated above are summarized below, designed in such a way that a first conventional nitrogen fertilization was always carried out first, i.e. H. a standard nitrogen fertilizer was applied in certain dosage units in the control plots and, in parallel, on the same crop species, the effect of the fertilizer of the invention in the indicated dosage together with the conventional nitrogen fertilizer, but with a significant reduction of the nitrogen fertilizer dosage units by up to 50%, evaluated.

It was observed that with both treatments the same yield was achieved or even improved by using the fertilizer of the invention, but with the already mentioned savings of up to half of the nitrogen fertilizer when used together with the fertilizer of the invention.

Thus, the use of the novel fertilizer brings with it an economic advantage in terms of reducing nitrogenous fertilizer, allowing savings of up to half of the nitrogenous product hitherto used for the various crops.

PREFERRED EMBODIMENT OF THE INVENTION

Example 1. Use of the fertilizer of the invention in cotton and tomato crops

• Es wurden zwei Parzellen untersucht, in denen vor der Aussaat die gleiche Bodenbehandlung mit einem Standard-Stickstoffdünger erfolgte. Nach vier Monaten erfolgte eine flächendeckende Behandlung mittels Fertigation.
  • 1) Kontrollparzelle, die mit einem herkömmlichen Stickstoffdünger behandelt wurde, wobei 148 Dosiereinheiten herkömmlichen Stickstoffdüngers pro Hektar (U.F.N/ha) ausgebracht wurden.
  • 2) Parzelle, die mit dem Stickstoffdünger der Erfindung zusammen mit einem herkömmlichen Stickstoffdünger mit der Hälfte der Dosiereinheiten (75,69 U.F.N/ha) behandelt wurde.

For the cultivation of cotton, fertilization was carried out as follows:

• Two plots were studied in which the same soil treatment with a standard nitrogen fertilizer was applied before sowing. After four months, a comprehensive treatment by fertigation was carried out.
  • 1) Control plot treated with a conventional nitrogen fertilizer at 148 doses of conventional nitrogen fertilizer per hectare (UFN/ha).
  • 2) Plot treated with the nitrogen fertilizer of the invention together with a conventional nitrogen fertilizer at half the dosage units (75.69 UFN/ha).

The sarcosine is prepared at 10% weight/volume (w/v), ie 10 g sarcosine per 100 ml free amino acid concentrate solution at a concentration of 10.5% (w/v). 2.5 liters per hectare of this mixture were applied simultaneously with the standard area-wide treatment.

The yield obtained 8 months after sowing was similar for both plots, however, in the plot treated with the fertilizer of the invention, 50% of the conventional nitrogen fertilizer was saved. More specifically, the crop yield in the control plot was 6533 kg/ha, and in the plot treated with the fertilizer of the invention 6565 kg/ha was achieved.

For the cultivation of tomatoes, fertilization started ten days after sowing with the standard nitrogen fertilizer and continued in the conventional manner in both the control plot and the plot to be treated with the fertilizer of the invention.

After two months the fertilizer of the invention (2.5 l/ha) and in the control plot the conventional nitrogen fertilizer was applied in its place.

After that, the conventional nitrogen fertilizer continued to be applied to both plots. A total of 222 U.F.N/ha was applied in the control plot and 145 U.F.N/ha in the plot treated with the fertilizer of the invention. In this case, nitrogen fertilizer use could be reduced by 77 U.F.N/ha, about 35%.

The tomato yield was the same in both cases, at 120,000 kg/ha, but with the aforementioned reduction in the amount of conventional nitrogen fertilizer.

The results of the trials of both cultures are shown in the following table: control plot Treated plot Cotton UFN/ha 148 75.69 Yield kg/ha 6,533 6,565 tomato UFN/ha 222 145 Yield kg/ha 120,000 120,000

Claims (4)

Nitrogen fertilizer comprising: - sarcosine in an amount of at least 10% (w/v); and - Free amino acids in an amount of at least 10% (w/v). fertilizer after claim 1 , the amount of sarcosine being 10% (w/v). A fertilizer according to any one of the preceding claims wherein the amount of free amino acids is 10.5% (w/v). Fertilizer according to the preceding claim, in which the free amino acids derive from the hydrolysis of keratin.