ES1260283U

ES1260283U - EQUIPMENT FOR FRUIT COLLECTION BY VIBRATING TREES (Machine-translation by Google Translate, not legally binding)

Info

Publication number: ES1260283U
Application number: ES202032458U
Authority: ES
Inventors: Perez Eduard Estadella
Original assignee: Individual
Current assignee: Individual
Priority date: 2020-11-16
Filing date: 2020-11-16
Publication date: 2021-02-08
Anticipated expiration: 2030-11-16
Also published as: ES1260283Y

Abstract

Equipment for the collection of fruits by means of vibrating trees, characterized in that it is constituted from two complementary machines, destined to be implanted on either side of the trunk of the tree whose fruits are to be collected, both machines including a rolling frame (1 -1'), with its corresponding articulated lance (2) and power take-off of the corresponding towing vehicle, which feeds a hydraulic group (3) in charge of mobilizing the machine, rolling frame (1-1') on which a inclined panel (4-4'), the inclined panels (4-4') converging in the lower direction, with the particularity that the first machine on which the inclined panel (4) is established has some skirts upper (5) and lower (6) articulated joints assisted by the hydraulic system, having provided that the lower skirt (6) is finished off at its free edge in a rubber skirt (7), with a notch in its central area (8) destined to receive go the tree trunk, set under which a vibrating clamp (9) is established, with hydraulic means of regulation and control for it, while the second machine includes an inclined plane (4') that ends in an upper skirt (5') collapsible, while at the bottom it has an approach skirt (10) that is also collapsible, with the particularity that between said approach skirt (10) and the lower end of the inclined plane (4') a conveyor belt is established main (11) that feeds a lifting belt (12) at one end, which in turn discharges onto a large rear tank (15) in which the fruits are stored, which are movable by one or more screws without end (16), the tank having a discharge belt (17). (Machine-translation by Google Translate, not legally binding)

Description

DESCRIPCIÓNDESCRIPTION

Equipo para la recolección de frutos mediante vibrado de árbolesEquipment for harvesting fruits by vibrating trees

SECTOR DE LA TÉCNICATECHNICAL SECTOR

La presente invención se refiere a un equipo que ha sido especialmente diseñado para la recolección de frutos mediante vibrado de árboles.The present invention refers to equipment that has been specially designed for harvesting fruits by vibrating trees.

El equipo se compone de dos máquinas complementarias que se accionan cada una de ellas mediante un equipo de tracción, normalmente un tractor, conectándose a su toma de fuerza, de manera que la primera de las máquinas incorpora una garra vibradora que provoca el arranque de los frutos del árbol, y cuenta con unos medios de orientación de dichos frutos hacia la segunda máquina, encargada de recepcionar y cargar el producto de forma automática, previo pelado, en caso de que dicho producto se trate de almendras, hacia la correspondiente tolva de almacenamiento del producto.The equipment consists of two complementary machines that are each powered by traction equipment, normally a tractor, connecting to its power take-off, so that the first of the machines incorporates a vibrating claw that causes the start of the fruits of the tree, and has means of orienting said fruits towards the second machine, in charge of receiving and loading the product automatically, after peeling, in the event that said product is almonds, towards the corresponding storage hopper of the product.

Como se acaba de describir, las dos máquinas que participan en el equipo funcionan de forma conjunta y complementaria de modo de manera aislada no tienen razón de ser si no se utilizan conjuntamente con la máquina de la que dependen.As just described, the two machines that participate in the team work together and complementary in an isolated way have no reason to exist if they are not used together with the machine on which they depend.

ANTECEDENTES DE LA INVENCIÓNBACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION

Si bien se conocen equipos para la vibración de árboles y recogida de sus frutos, este tipo de equipos solo disponen de medios para vibrar el árbol y guiar los frutos caídos hacia una zona concreta, de manera que, estas máquinas no cargan los frutos desprendidos de los árboles, sino que simplemente los amontonan en pilas que deben ser posteriormente cargadas, con el consecuente trabajo que ello supone.Although equipment is known for the vibration of trees and the collection of their fruits, this type of equipment only has means to vibrate the tree and guide the fallen fruits to a specific area, so that these machines do not load the fruits detached from trees, but simply pile them up in piles that must be later loaded, with the consequent work that this implies.

Paralelamente, se conocen equipos para el vibrado de árboles que se materializan en dispositivos auto-propulsados, y que por lo tanto requieren de sus propulsión y direccionamiento, lo que encarece sensiblemente el precio de la maquinaria. At the same time, equipment for vibrating trees are known that materialize in self-propelled devices, and therefore require their propulsion and steering, which significantly increases the price of the machinery.

EXPLICACIÓN DE LA INVENCIÓNEXPLANATION OF THE INVENTION

El equipo que se preconiza resuelve de forma plenamente satisfactoria la problemática anteriormente expuesta, en base a una solución sencilla pero eficaz.The team that is recommended solves in a fully satisfactory way the problems previously exposed, based on a simple but effective solution.

Para ello, en el equipo de la invención participan dos máquinas funcionalmente vinculadas entre sí.For this, two machines functionally linked to each other participate in the equipment of the invention.

La primera de las máquinas consiste en una máquina vibradora y de redireccionamiento de los frutos hacia la segunda máquina a través de un plano inclinado, contando la segunda máquina con otro plano inclinado complementario del anterior, de manera que entre ambos planos se define una pantalla en “V”, contando esta segunda máquina, en correspondencia con la zona inferior del plano inclinado, un sistema de cintas para la recolección y pelado de los frutos en caso de que esto último fuera necesario.The first of the machines consists of a vibrating machine and redirection of the fruits towards the second machine through an inclined plane, the second machine having another inclined plane complementary to the previous one, so that between both planes a screen is defined in "V", with this second machine, in correspondence with the lower area of the inclined plane, a system of belts for the collection and peeling of the fruits in case the latter is necessary.

De forma más concreta, la primera de las máquinas consiste en un sistema de plano inclinado que desvía los frutos en su descenso del árbol y los dirige hacia la segunda máquina, contando esta primera máquina con una garra vibradora que se podrá mover en varias posiciones para poder realizar correctamente su función sin dañar los troncos de los árboles.More specifically, the first of the machines consists of an inclined plane system that deflects the fruits as they descend from the tree and directs them towards the second machine, this first machine having a vibrating claw that can be moved in various positions to to be able to perform its function correctly without damaging the tree trunks.

La máquina se posiciona al principio de las filas para empezar a trabajar, presentando una estructura desplegable en lo que a su plano inclinado se refiere, estando la garra vibradora establecida bajo su chasis rodante, de manera que dicho carácter regulable de su plano inclinado permite ajustar su altura de manera que su borde inferior quede unos cinco centímetros más alto que el de la segunda máquina, ajustándose la posición de la lanza para que la tractora no roce con los árboles y la máquina esté posicionada a unos 30 centímetros de los troncos.The machine is positioned at the beginning of the rows to start working, presenting a deployable structure as regards its inclined plane, the vibrating claw being established under its rolling chassis, so that said adjustable character of its inclined plane allows adjusting its height so that its lower edge is about five centimeters higher than that of the second machine, adjusting the position of the lance so that the tractor does not rub against the trees and the machine is positioned about 30 centimeters from the logs.

En cuanto ambas máquinas estén preparadas y ajustadas, se acciona la garra, cuyo desplazamiento se puede controlar de forma remota a través de un conjunto cámara/pantalla, quedando la garra debidamente fijada al tronco mediante las correspondientes gomas protectoras para no dañarlo, adaptando la inclinación de los sectores plegables del plano a la fisonomía del árbol. As soon as both machines are ready and adjusted, the gripper is activated, whose movement can be controlled remotely through a camera / screen assembly, the gripper being properly fixed to the trunk by means of the corresponding protective rubbers to avoid damaging it, adapting the inclination from the folding sectors of the plane to the physiognomy of the tree.

Seguidamente se activa el mecanismo de vibración de la garra, para después proceder a la abertura de las garras plegado de los faldones y avance hasta el siguiente árbol.The claw vibration mechanism is then activated, to then proceed to the opening of the claws, folding the skirts and advancing to the next tree.

Todas las funciones se comandarán desde una caja que va montada al lado del operador mediante una pantalla para visualizar las garras y con interruptores de doble posición, para proporcionar diferentes movimientos de la máquina.All the functions will be commanded from a box that is mounted next to the operator by means of a screen to visualize the claws and with double-position switches, to provide different movements of the machine.

Por su parte, la segunda máquina consiste en un sistema de plano inclinado que conjuntamente con el plano de la primera máquina desvía los frutos en su descenso del árbol y los dirige a una cinta que está montada al pie del mismo plano inclinado, estando dicha cinta conectada con otras cintas que elevan los frutos hasta un sistema de alimentación por gravedad de una peladora, en caso de almendras o directamente a una tolva de acumulación que está montada detrás del plano inclinado.For its part, the second machine consists of an inclined plane system that, together with the plane of the first machine, diverts the fruits as they descend from the tree and directs them to a belt that is mounted at the foot of the same inclined plane, said belt being connected with other belts that lift the fruits to a gravity feed system of a peeler, in the case of almonds or directly to an accumulation hopper that is mounted behind the inclined plane.

Dicha tolva, lleva montado en la parte superior un sistema de sinfines que hacen avanzar los frutos según se acumulan en la entrada de la misma, contando con una puerta de descarga que solo se acciona en el momento que deseamos realizar dicha descarga mediante un cilindro montado en la parte inferior de la tolva, que la inclina hacia una cinta que elevará los frutos a una altura del orden de tres metros para que los frutos puedan descargarse en una carreta, remolque o deposito que debe tener el propietario de la finca para después llevarlos a los almacenes.Said hopper has a system of augers mounted in the upper part that advance the fruits as they accumulate at the entrance of the same, with a discharge door that is only activated when we wish to carry out said discharge by means of a mounted cylinder. in the lower part of the hopper, which inclines it towards a belt that will raise the fruits to a height of the order of three meters so that the fruits can be unloaded on a cart, trailer or deposit that the owner of the farm must have and then take them to warehouses.

Al igual que con la primera máquina, esta máquina se posiciona al principio de las filas para empezar a trabajar, debiendo ajustar las alturas del frontal y trasera de la misma, permitiendo ajustar la posición de la lanza para que la tractora no roce con los árboles y la máquina se posicione a unos 20 centímetros de los troncos.As with the first machine, this machine is positioned at the beginning of the rows to start working, having to adjust the heights of the front and rear of it, allowing to adjust the position of the lance so that the tractor does not rub against the trees and the machine is positioned about 20 centimeters from the logs.

A partir de esta estructuración se activan las cintas y la peladora y se avanza hasta quedar la maquina justo en el centro del árbol que vamos a recolectar.From this structuring, the belts and the peeler are activated and the machine advances until the machine is right in the center of the tree that we are going to collect.

Seguidamente se baja el faldón inferior de aproximación al árbol y se espera a que la otra máquina se posicione, vibre el árbol y se retire. Next, the lower apron for approaching the shaft is lowered and we wait for the other machine to position itself, vibrate the shaft and remove it.

Acto seguido, se eleva el final de aproximación y se avanza hasta posicionar la máquina en el centro del siguiente árbol a recolectar, se baja el faldón inferior y en caso de que lleve montada la peladora y este colapsada la tolva que la alimenta, se paran las cintas de alimentación dejando activada la peladora y los sinfines hasta que se vacíe dicha tolva y en cuando este vacía o casi vacía, volveremos a activar las cintas para retomar el trabajo de recolección.Then, the end of the approach is raised and it advances until the machine is positioned in the center of the next tree to be harvested, the lower skirt is lowered and if the peeler is mounted and the hopper that feeds it is collapsed, they stop the feeding belts, leaving the peeler and the augers activated until said hopper is empty and when it is empty or almost empty, we will activate the belts again to resume the harvesting work.

De forma análoga a la anterior máquina descrita, todas las funciones de esta segunda máquina se comandarán desde una caja que va montada al lado del operador, con interruptores de doble posición.In a similar way to the previous machine described, all the functions of this second machine will be controlled from a box that is mounted next to the operator, with double position switches.

DESCRIPCIÓN DE LOS DIBUJOSDESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

Para complementar la descripción que seguidamente se va a realizar y con objeto de ayudar a una mejor comprensión de las características del invento, de acuerdo con un ejemplo preferente de realización práctica del mismo, se acompaña como parte integrante de dicha descripción, un juego de planos en donde con carácter ilustrativo y no limitativo, se ha representado lo siguiente:To complement the description that is going to be made below and in order to help a better understanding of the characteristics of the invention, according to a preferred example of a practical embodiment thereof, a set of drawings is attached as an integral part of said description. where, for illustrative and non-limiting purposes, the following has been represented:

La figura 1.- Muestra una vista en perspectiva de la primera de las máquinas que participan en un equipo para la recolección de frutos mediante equipos vibratorios realizado de acuerdo con el objeto de la presente invención.Figure 1.- Shows a perspective view of the first of the machines that participate in an equipment for harvesting fruits by means of vibratory equipment made in accordance with the object of the present invention.

La figura 2.- Muestra una vista según una perspectiva opuesta de la máquina de la figura 1.Figure 2.- Shows a view according to an opposite perspective of the machine of figure 1.

La figura 3.- Muestra una vista en perspectiva inferior de la máquina de las figuras 1 y 2.Figure 3.- Shows a bottom perspective view of the machine of Figures 1 and 2.

La figura 4.- Muestra una vista en perspectiva de la segunda máquina que participa en el equipo de la invención.Figure 4.- Shows a perspective view of the second machine that participates in the equipment of the invention.

La figura 5.- Muestra, finalmente, una vista en perspectiva latero-posterior de la máquina de la figura 4. Figure 5.- Shows, finally, a side-back perspective view of the machine of figure 4.

REALIZACIÓN PREFERENTE DE LA INVENCIÓNPREFERRED EMBODIMENT OF THE INVENTION

A la vista de las figuras reseñadas, puede observarse como en el equipo de la invención participan dos máquinas que trabajan conjuntamente y se disponen a uno y otro lado del correspondiente árbol cuyos frutos se desean recolectar, en una y otra línea del cultivo, determinando entre ambas una especie de tolva de recogida de sección en “V”.In view of the figures outlined, it can be seen how two machines that work together participate in the equipment of the invention and are arranged on either side of the corresponding tree whose fruits are to be collected, in one or the other line of the crop, determining between both a kind of "V" section collection hopper.

De forma más concreta, y de acuerdo con las figuras 1 a 3, la primera de las máquinas está constituida a partir de un bastidor rodante (1), con su correspondiente lanza (2) articulada y toma de fuerza del correspondiente vehículo tractor, que puede ser un tractor agrícola, camión, camioneta, etc, toma de fuerza que alimenta un grupo hidráulico (3) encargado de movilizar la máquina.More specifically, and according to Figures 1 to 3, the first of the machines is made up of a rolling frame (1), with its corresponding articulated lance (2) and power take-off of the corresponding towing vehicle, which It can be an agricultural tractor, truck, truck, etc., power take-off that feeds a hydraulic group (3) in charge of mobilizing the machine.

En tal sentido, sobre el bastidor de la máquina se establece un panel inclinado (4) y unos faldones articulados superior (5) e inferior (6) que se pueden plegar y desplegar hidráulicamente a través del sistema hidráulico anteriormente descrito, definiendo unos primeros medios de recepción y guiado de los frutos caídos en el vibrado del árbol.In this sense, an inclined panel (4) and articulated upper (5) and lower (6) skirts are established on the machine frame that can be hydraulically folded and unfolded through the previously described hydraulic system, defining first means reception and guidance of the fallen fruits in the vibrating of the tree.

El sistema hidráulico conjuntamente con la lanza articulada permiten regular la elevación y descenso de los extremos de la máquina, para ajustarse al tronco del árbol en cuestión.The hydraulic system together with the articulated lance allow to regulate the elevation and descent of the ends of the machine, to adjust to the trunk of the tree in question.

El faldón inferior (6) se remata por su borde libre en un faldón de goma (7), con una escotadura en su zona central (8) destinada a recibir el tronco del árbol, al cual se acopla directamente en la maniobra de despliegue del faldón inferior (6).The lower skirt (6) is finished off by its free edge in a rubber skirt (7), with a notch in its central area (8) destined to receive the trunk of the tree, to which it is directly coupled during the deployment maneuver of the lower skirt (6).

El citado bastidor (1) incluye en su zona inferior media una pinza vibradora (9), con medios hidráulicos tanto de plegado por abatimiento como de regulación de su inclinación, para adaptarse a los diferentes troncos de los árboles, todo ello controlable a través del correspondiente panel de mandos en el que se incluirá una pantalla a la que se conectará una videocámara que permita visualizar desde fuera la posición relativa entre pinza y tronco del árbol. The aforementioned frame (1) includes in its lower middle area a vibrating gripper (9), with hydraulic means both for folding by folding and for regulating its inclination, to adapt to the different trunks of the trees, all controllable through the corresponding control panel which will include a screen to which a video camera will be connected that allows the relative position between the clamp and the tree trunk to be viewed from the outside.

En dicho panel de mandos se podrá controlar igualmente el desplazamiento de la máquina tanto lineal como angular, el desplazamiento, cierre y activación de la garra o pinza vibradora (9), así como el despliegue y repliegue de los faldones superior (5) e inferior (6).In said control panel, it will also be possible to control the movement of the machine, both linear and angular, the movement, closing and activation of the vibrating claw or clamp (9), as well as the deployment and folding of the upper (5) and lower flaps (6).

En cuanto a la segunda máquina, la mostrada en las figuras 4 y 5, la misma se constituye a partir de un bastidor (1") rodante, con su correspondiente lanza (2’) articulada y toma de fuerza del correspondiente vehículo tractor, que alimenta un grupo hidráulico (3’) encargado de movilizar la máquina, en el que se define un plano inclinado (4’) de recepción y guiado de los frutos, de manera que superiormente el plano inclinado (4’) se remata en un faldón superior (5’) abatible, mientras que inferiormente cuenta con un faldón de aproximación (10) también abatible, con la particularidad de que entre dicho faldón de aproximación (10) y el extremo inferior del plano inclinado (4’) se establece una cinta transportadora principal (11).As for the second machine, the one shown in Figures 4 and 5, it is constituted from a rolling frame (1 "), with its corresponding articulated lance (2 ') and power take-off of the corresponding towing vehicle, which feeds a hydraulic group (3 ') in charge of mobilizing the machine, in which an inclined plane (4') for receiving and guiding the fruits is defined, so that the inclined plane (4 ') ends in a skirt at the top upper (5 ') collapsible, while at the bottom it has an approach skirt (10) that is also collapsible, with the particularity that between said approach skirt (10) and the lower end of the inclined plane (4') a belt is established main conveyor (11).

De forma más concreta, el faldón de aproximación (10) se dispone por debajo del faldón de goma (7) de la otra máquina, adoptando los planos inclinados (4-4’) de una y otra máquina una disposición convergente que hace dirigir a los frutos directamente, caigan sobre el plano inclinado que caigan, hacia la cinta transportadora principal (11), de manera que cuando ambas máquinas estén en su posición adecuada, el faldón de aproximación (10) quedará inclinado hacia arriba, a escasos centímetros del faldón de goma (7), para evitar la salida accidental de cualquier fruto.More specifically, the approach skirt (10) is arranged below the rubber skirt (7) of the other machine, adopting the inclined planes (4-4 ') of both machines a convergent arrangement that makes directing the fruits directly, fall on the inclined plane that they fall, towards the main conveyor belt (11), so that when both machines are in their proper position, the approach skirt (10) will be inclined upwards, a few centimeters from the skirt rubber (7), to avoid the accidental exit of any fruit.

La cinta transportadora principal (11) descarga sobre una cinta elevadora (12) que a su vez descarga sobre una tolva (13) que alimenta a una peladora (14), que descarga los frutos pelados (en caso de tratarse de almendras), sobre un amplio depósito posterior (15) en el que se van almacenando los frutos, los cuales son desplazados por unos tornillos sin fin (16) y posteriormente vaciados en la cinta de descarga (17), para su traslado a los depósitos o remolques del propietario para su traslado a almacenes.The main conveyor belt (11) discharges onto an elevator belt (12) which in turn discharges onto a hopper (13) that feeds a peeler (14), which discharges the peeled fruits (in the case of almonds), onto a large rear tank (15) in which the fruits are stored, which are moved by endless screws (16) and later emptied into the discharge belt (17), for transfer to the owner's tanks or trailers for transfer to warehouses.

Dado que el equipo puede adaptarse a muy diversos tipos de frutos a recolectar, la segunda máquina podría carecer de la tolva y la peladora, de modo que los frutos recogidos se depositen directamente sobre el depósito posterior (15).Since the equipment can be adapted to very different types of fruits to be collected, the second machine could lack the hopper and the peeler, so that the collected fruits are deposited directly on the rear tank (15).

Al igual que en la primera máquina, ésta segunda máquina incorporará un panel de mandos mediante el que controlar el encendido y apagado de la cinta principal (11), la cinta elevadora (12), los sinfines (16), la cinta de descarga (17), peladora (14), la elevación y descenso del frontal o de la parte posterior de la máquina a través del sistema hidráulico y la lanza articulada, desplazamiento lineal de la máquina, plegado/desplegado del faldón superior (5’), así como controlar la inclinación del plano inclinado (4’), descarga de la tolva (13), así como controlar la inclinación del faldón de aproximación (10). As in the first machine, this second machine will incorporate a control panel through which to control the on and off of the main belt (11), the belt elevator (12), augers (16), discharge belt (17), peeler (14), raising and lowering of the front or rear of the machine through the hydraulic system and the articulated drawbar, linear displacement of the machine, folding / unfolding of the upper skirt (5 '), as well as controlling the inclination of the inclined plane (4'), unloading the hopper (13), as well as controlling the inclination of the approach skirt (10).

Claims

REIVINDICACIONES

1- .- Equipment for the collection of fruits by means of vibrating trees, characterized in that it is constituted from two complementary machines, destined to be implanted on either side of the trunk of the tree whose fruits are to be collected, both machines including a frame (1-1 '), with its corresponding articulated lance (2) and power take-off of the corresponding towing vehicle, which feeds a hydraulic unit (3) in charge of mobilizing the machine, rolling frame (1-1') on which An inclined panel (4-4 ') is established, the inclined panels (4-4') converging in the lower direction in an operative situation, with the particularity that the first machine in which the inclined panel (4) is established has with articulated upper (5) and lower (6) skirts assisted by the hydraulic system, having provided that the lower skirt (6) is finished off by its free edge in a rubber skirt (7), with a notch in its central area (8) intended to be receive the trunk of the tree, set under which a vibrating clamp (9) is established, with hydraulic means of regulation and control for it, while the second machine includes an inclined plane (4 ') that ends in an upper skirt (5 ') collapsible, while at the bottom it has an approach skirt (10) that is also collapsible, with the particularity that between said approach skirt (10) and the lower end of the inclined plane (4') a conveyor belt is established main (11) that feeds a lifting belt (12) through one of its ends, which in turn discharges onto a large rear tank (15) in which the fruits are stored, which are movable by one or more screws without end (16), the tank having a discharge belt (17).

2- .- Equipment for harvesting fruits by vibrating trees, according to claim 1-, characterized in that the vibrating clamp (9) includes hydraulic means both for folding by abatement and for regulating its inclination and activation, to adapt to the different tree trunks, complemented with a video camera and an associated screen a control panel through which to remotely view and control the relative position between the clamp and the tree trunk, a control panel that will include in addition to the control means of the gripper, means for controlling the movement of the machine, both linear and angular, as well as the unfolding and folding of the upper (5) and lower (6) flaps.

3- .- Equipment for the collection of fruits by vibrating trees, according to claim 1-, characterized in that at the exit of the elevator belt (12) a hopper (13) is established that feeds a peeler (14), which discharges the peeled fruits onto the rear tank (15).

4 -.- Equipment for the collection of fruits by means of vibrating trees, according to claims 1- and 3-, characterized in that the second machine, which includes the storage means of the collected fruits, includes a control panel equipped with means to control the on and off of the main belt (11), the elevator belt (12), the augers (16), the discharge belt (17), the peeler (14), the lifting and lowering of the front or the rear of the machine through the hydraulic system and the articulated drawbar, the linear movement of the machine, the folding / unfolding of the upper skirt (5 '), the inclination of the inclined plane (4'), discharge of the hopper (13), as well as the inclination of the approach skirt (10).

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