EP4701972A1 - Verfahren zur messung des bremsweges einer fahrtreppe oder eines fahrsteiges - Google Patents
Verfahren zur messung des bremsweges einer fahrtreppe oder eines fahrsteigesInfo
- Publication number
- EP4701972A1 EP4701972A1 EP24715621.9A EP24715621A EP4701972A1 EP 4701972 A1 EP4701972 A1 EP 4701972A1 EP 24715621 A EP24715621 A EP 24715621A EP 4701972 A1 EP4701972 A1 EP 4701972A1
- Authority
- EP
- European Patent Office
- Prior art keywords
- conveyor belt
- braking
- braking distance
- marking
- scale
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Pending
Links
Classifications
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B66—HOISTING; LIFTING; HAULING
- B66B—ELEVATORS; ESCALATORS OR MOVING WALKWAYS
- B66B25/00—Control of escalators or moving walkways
- B66B25/006—Monitoring for maintenance or repair
Definitions
- the invention relates to a method for measuring the braking distance of an escalator or a moving walkway, a braking distance measuring device for carrying out this method, and an escalator or a moving walkway with such a braking distance measuring device.
- Escalators and moving walkways are used to transport people and are used in department stores, shopping malls, train stations, airports and the like. They have a conveyor belt that is arranged in the escalator or moving walkway and can be driven by a drive motor. Since these systems are used to transport people, they are subject to high safety requirements, such as those defined in the European standard EN 115-1 or the US standard ASME A17.1 / CSA B44.
- ENI 15-1 for escalators and moving walks specifies a standard braking distance of the conveyor belt in the range between 0.4m and 1.5m for a specified nominal speed of 0.75m/s (operating speed), whereby the maximum permissible deceleration of 1m/s 2 must not be exceeded.
- JP2008265971A proposes a braking distance measuring device and a method for carrying out this measurement.
- a linear measuring scale is attached to the conveyor belt and connected to a
- An optical sensor is temporarily attached to a fixed part of the escalator or moving walk and connected to the escalator control system.
- the conveyor belt is then brought up to operating speed.
- a stop signal is sent to the control system and the conveyor belt is braked by the brake.
- the distance covered by the optical sensor on the measuring scale corresponds to the standard braking distance.
- This measuring method therefore corresponds exactly to the standard requirements of ENI 15-1, as it specifies that the braking distance must be measured from the appearance of the stop signal to the stop of the conveyor belt.
- the standard also recommends keeping the standard braking distance as close to the lower limit of the range as possible (in the example 0.4 m).
- the braking distance measuring method described above has the disadvantage that it also records periods of time without braking torque, such as the reaction times of the optical sensor, the control system and the electromechanical switch (contactor or relay) controlled by the control system, as well as the reaction time of the brake from the separation of the ventilation current to the start of the braking torque.
- the braking distance measuring method described therefore does not provide any measurement results that reflect the actual braking behavior of the brake (braking distance while the braking torque of the brake is in effect).
- the object of the present invention is to provide a braking distance measuring method which provides more precise measurement results regarding the actual braking behavior of the brake.
- This task is solved by the following method for measuring the braking distance of an escalator or a moving walkway as well as with a braking distance measuring device for carrying out this method.
- the escalator or moving walkway on which such a measurement can be carried out has a conveyor belt, at least one drive motor for driving the conveyor belt, a brake for braking the conveyor belt and a control system.
- the drive motor and the brake can be controlled by the control system.
- the method for measuring the braking distance can be used for all known brake types of escalators and moving walkways.
- a braking distance measuring device with an optical sensor is arranged in the area of the conveyor belt.
- the braking distance measuring device also comprises at least one triggering device that can be connected to the control system.
- the arrangement of the braking distance measuring device is "static" with respect to the conveyor belt, for example by temporarily attaching it to static components of the escalator or moving walkway.
- the optical sensor does not necessarily have to be attached, but can also be held in the area of the conveyor belt by a maintenance person during the measurement.
- the optical sensor can be used to detect a clearly identifiable marking on the conveyor belt and to record its relative movement in an image sequence when the conveyor belt moves relative to the sensor.
- the braking distance measuring device also has a scale generator that generates a virtual measuring scale while a measurement is being carried out.
- the method for measuring the braking distance comprises several steps that can be carried out in the following order. However, this order is not mandatory; where appropriate, steps can be carried out before or after other steps, or further steps, as described in the following paragraphs, can be inserted between these steps.
- a relative movement sequence of a mark detectable on the conveyor belt is recorded as an image sequence by the optical sensor as a result of a movement of the conveyor belt.
- the braking distance is evaluated using the recorded image sequence and the virtual measuring scale.
- the creation of the virtual measuring scale by the scale generator is, as described below, dependent on the spatial position of the optical sensor in relation to the marking or conveyor belt and, if applicable, to a fixed point, such as a fixed, prominent corner of the escalator or moving walkway.
- the braking distance measuring device is, for example, in a mobile device (smartphone, tablet) using a dedicated application program, the built-in optical sensors (CMOS, LiDAR) and a built-in, three-axis position sensor, the spatial position of the optical sensor can be determined analogously to the image frequency, i.e. for each image of the image sequence.
- the optical sensor of the braking distance measuring device is installed stationary, for example on a tripod, a single determination of the spatial position of the optical sensor to the conveyor belt is of course sufficient to generate a virtual measuring scale for the entire image sequence that is correct for the marking (ie arranged and calibrated in the movement plane of the marking).
- the virtual measuring scale in the scale generator is calibrated by a calibration routine using an optically recorded distance between two known reference points and a calibration distance.
- the two reference points and the distance between them are also recorded by the optical sensor and are preferably included in each image of the image sequence.
- the calibration distance represents the actual distance between the known reference points in a plane containing the virtual measuring scale.
- the virtual measuring scale is calibrated in a ratio of the optically recorded distance to the calibration distance.
- a plane is provided for the virtual measuring scale, in which the marking also moves during the recording of the image sequence.
- the virtual measuring scale can be based on a ruler or a two-dimensional measuring grid, whereby its scale preferably extends parallel to the direction of movement of the marking. Since the braking distance of the conveyor belt is to be recorded, this plane is preferably a walkable surface of the Conveyor belt on which the marking is also present.
- the marking and the reference points can be painted onto the conveyor belt, for example. Instead of paint, self-adhesive film can also be used.
- a conveyor belt has steps or pallets arranged one behind the other, between which there is a fine gap. These gaps can be used both as markings and as reference points. As reference points because the exact length of the steps or pallets and thus the distances between the gaps are known.
- a perfectly calibrated, virtual scale can be generated for the recorded image sequence.
- the calibration distance can be entered manually, for example, or retrieved as a stored value from a data storage device.
- the calibration distance can also be extracted from a digital twin of the escalator or moving walkway.
- the digital twin is a three-dimensional, virtual image of the physical escalator or moving walkway and contains the corresponding calibration distance if, for example, the gaps between the steps or pallets are used as reference points.
- the braking distance measuring device has a projector through which the virtual measuring scale of the scale generator is statically projected onto the conveyor belt and recorded together with the moving marking during the recording of the relative movement in the image sequence.
- the marking now moves along the statically projected, virtual measuring scale. It is also directly visible to the maintenance person present on site, so that they can see whether the braking carried out deviates significantly from the standard regulations or whether it could be within the standard. A more detailed evaluation of the braking carried out is described below.
- the virtual measuring scale generated by the scale generator is statically copied into the image sequence.
- the marking moves in the image sequence of the recorded relative movement sequence along the static, virtual measuring scale so that the braking process can be assessed based on the recorded image sequence.
- the virtual measuring scale generated by the scale generator is only used to measure the path covered by the marking between two images of the image sequence of the recorded relative movement sequence taken at different times.
- the virtual measuring scale cannot be seen on the individual images of an image sequence, but is only used to measure the path covered by the marking.
- the image sequence is preferably evaluated using known image recognition methods via a difference image and automated measurement using the virtual measuring scale.
- a further step in the process for measuring a braking distance involves bringing the conveyor belt to a predetermined speed.
- the predetermined speed usually corresponds to the transport speed in normal operation, which is usually referred to as the nominal speed.
- the predetermined speed can also be faster or slower than the nominal speed if different operating conditions of the service brake are to be tested.
- a stop signal is sent to the control system via the triggering device.
- the stop signal can be triggered manually, for example by a manual input into the triggering device. However, it is also possible to generate the stop signal automatically through the triggering device, for example if reaching the predetermined speed triggers the stop signal in the triggering device.
- the optical sensor is used to record the relative movement sequence at least from the stop signal until the conveyor belt comes to a complete standstill.
- the braking distance measuring device includes an acoustic sensor that records the braking operation noises of the brake synchronously with the optical recording. These braking operation noises reflect the actual use of the brakes in chronological order. Since the recording of the relative movement sequence was carried out synchronously, the beginning of the braking operation noises can be clearly assigned to a specific image of the image sequence of the relative motion sequence recorded. To determine the braking distance, a subsequent image of the recorded image sequence of the motion sequence must be selected, which was clearly recorded at a time when there were no more noises from the braking operation. If the two images are now compared with each other, the braking distance covered during the actual use of the brake can be determined from the different positions of the marking on the virtual measuring scale.
- the braking distance measured in this way makes it possible, for example, to calculate the average deceleration of the brake more precisely. It is also possible to record a braking curve (distance/time diagram, where time is defined by the number of images per second) by evaluating the braking distance traveled step by step from image to image, from which the maximum deceleration can be read. Based on these measurement results, the brake can be set close to the maximum permissible deceleration. This minimizes the actual braking distance without exceeding the specified maximum deceleration value.
- Measuring the braking distance while the brake is actually being used also offers advantages when it comes to diagnosing the technical condition of the escalator or moving walkway. For example, the condition of the brake pads and/or their change compared to previous measurements can be assessed more precisely.
- the time at which the stop signal is triggered can also be recorded, which means that an image from the recorded image sequence can be assigned to it. If the optical recording of the movement sequence begins with the stop signal, it is logically the first image. The reaction time of the braking system until the brake actually applies a braking torque and the distance traveled can now be determined by comparing the two recording times of this first image and the image with the start of the braking operation noise.
- reaction length The distance traveled by the marking, hereinafter referred to as the reaction length, can also be determined from these two images.
- a reaction time or reaction length that is too long compared to empirical values can indicate that, for example, the contactors mentioned above need to be replaced.
- the ENI 15-1 standard requires that the braking distance measurement must be carried out from the moment the stop signal appears until the vehicle has The conveyor belt must come to a standstill. This standard braking distance can be determined by simply adding the reaction length and the braking distance.
- the evaluation work can be carried out manually throughout, but this is very time-consuming.
- the recording of the relative movement and the recording of the braking noises recorded synchronously with it are therefore shown as a graphically displayed sound track parallel to one another in the image sequence. This makes it much easier to identify the two or three relevant images of an image sequence described above.
- the images can also be assigned automatically, via the chronological sequence of the braking noises by reading out the recording times. The assignment is made, for example, by automatically determining the start and end of braking use based on the level of the recorded braking noises and marking the corresponding images with a marker based on the chronological assignment.
- Corresponding program steps can be implemented in an evaluation software for the braking distance measuring device. The steps described below can be carried out manually by the maintenance person or automatically by program steps implemented in the evaluation software.
- a start position of the marking relative to the measuring scale is now extracted from the image sequence using a starting point of the braking noise. Furthermore, an end position of the marking relative to the virtual measuring scale is also extracted from the elimination of the braking noise.
- the image containing the end position can also be defined using a fixed end position at which braking noise will definitely no longer occur, since once the conveyor belt has stopped there are no more braking noises and all subsequent images in the image sequence look exactly the same.
- the determination of the start position and the end position from the graphically displayed braking noise or the sound track can be carried out automatically using an image processing program implemented in the evaluation software.
- the image processing program uses known image analysis methods and Image analysis algorithms that are known from the electronic processing of video sequences. These analysis algorithms are based, for example, on known image processing techniques that are optimized and applied in self-learning processes using artificial intelligence in neural networks.
- a common image processing technique for generating information from an image is, for example, the calculation of the histogram, which provides information about the statistical brightness distribution in the image.
- Such a histogram can, for example, serve as a configuration for further image processing steps or as information for a human user of a software.
- the distance between the start position and the end position is determined by comparing the two correspondingly marked images of the image sequence. This distance corresponds to the braking distance covered during the braking operation of the brake.
- the different positions of the marking in relation to the virtual measuring scale can be read out, for example, by optical recognition (OCR) of numbers applied to the virtual measuring scale and the braking distance can be determined by subsequently calculating the difference.
- OCR optical recognition
- the two images of the image sequence can also be superimposed on one another (difference image) and the distance between the two markings shown on them can be measured using the virtual measuring scale.
- the triggering device is connected to the control system. The triggering device receives operating data of the drive motor from the control system, with a stop signal being sent to the control system as soon as the drive motor has reached a speed that corresponds to the specified speed of the conveyor belt.
- the stop signal can be entered manually into the triggering device, for example by pressing a push button or using a keyboard on the triggering device.
- the stop signal is transmitted directly from the triggering device to the control system.
- Further commands can be transmitted to the control system via the keyboard, which can also be generated on a touch-sensitive screen on the triggering device.
- the start command can be entered via the keyboard so that the control system sets the conveyor belt in motion.
- the conveying direction or the direction of movement of the conveyor belt can also be entered via the keyboard.
- the control system can transmit operating data from the escalator or moving walkway, such as the current speed, to the triggering device, which can then be displayed on the screen.
- the control system can also transmit safety-relevant messages to the triggering device, so that, for example, a refusal of the start command and the underlying cause can be output via its screen.
- the braking distance measuring device for carrying out the method described above has at least one triggering device that can be connected to the control, a scale generator for generating a virtual measuring scale, an optical sensor and an acoustic sensor.
- the optical sensor, the acoustic sensor and the triggering device are preferably part of a smartphone or tablet with a suitable software application (computer program).
- the software application comprises at least program steps that provide a scale generator for generating a virtual measuring scale and that enable synchronous recording of a relative movement of the arranged or defined marking to the virtual measuring scale and the braking operation noises.
- the software application can also contain program parts by means of which the The image processing and calculations described above can be carried out.
- a wired or wireless connection to the control system of an escalator or moving walkway can be temporarily created.
- the braking distance measuring device comprises a holder for the smartphone or tablet, whereby this holder can be temporarily arranged on a fixed part of an escalator or moving walkway.
- This fixed part can be, for example, a balustrade or a balustrade base or a floor covering of the escalator or moving walkway.
- the braking distance measuring device comprises a projector device for projecting a virtual measuring scale
- the holder can also have a receptacle for the projector device.
- the optical sensor and the acoustic sensor of the braking distance measuring device are preferably arranged in a drive area of the escalator or moving walk.
- the drive area is usually designed in the upper access area so that the conveyor belt is mainly subjected to tensile forces.
- the drive motor, a drive shaft, a gearbox and the brake are usually arranged in the drive area below a walkable floor cover.
- the conveyor belt of the escalator can be entered or exited via this walkable floor cover.
- Moving walks are designed in a similar way in terms of their type.
- the marking can be an existing contour of the transport belt, but also a temporarily attachable object such as a sticker, a colored dot, etc.
- the marking is preferably predefined by selecting a prominent contour.
- the marking is, for example, a gap between two escalator steps of the escalator conveyor belt or a gap between two pallets of the conveyor belt of the moving walk.
- a marking that can be temporarily attached to the conveyor belt can also be used, such as a marking made using a waterproof felt-tip pen. applied line that extends transversely to the direction of movement of the conveyor belt.
- Figure 1 schematic sectional side view of an escalator and its most important components
- Figure 2 a three-dimensional partial view of the drive area shown in Figure 1 with a first possible arrangement of a braking distance measuring device;
- Figure 3 in three-dimensional partial view of the in Figure 1 designated
- Figure 4 schematically a smartphone with a software application through which the smartphone can be used as a component of the braking distance measuring device and wherein the software application provides a scale generator;
- Figure 5 an image from an image sequence taken by an optical sensor of a
- Figure 6A a first image from an image sequence recorded by the braking distance measuring device at the time of input of a stop signal
- Figure 6B a second image from the same image sequence at the time of a starting point at which parallel recorded braking noises begin; and Figure 6C: a third image from the same image sequence at the time of an end position at which parallel recorded braking noises end.
- Figure 1 shows a schematic cross-sectional side view of an escalator 1 and its most important components.
- people can be transported, for example, between two levels El, E2 of a building.
- the escalator 1 has a conveyor belt 26 with several escalator steps 3 that are arranged one behind the other and that can be moved in a direction of movement 6 along a travel path using two ring-shaped, closed conveyor chains 5 that are arranged parallel to one another (only one is visible in Figure 1).
- the double arrow in the direction of movement 6 indicates that the escalator 1 can transport users both from level E1 to level E2 and in the opposite direction.
- Each escalator step 3 is attached to the two conveyor chains 5 between them.
- the escalator 1 has a drive area 13 in which a drive shaft 17, a gear 16, a drive motor 19 and a brake 18 are arranged.
- the escalator 1 can have various types of brakes, for example the service brake shown in Figure 1, which is usually designed as a shoe brake or band brake.
- the escalator can also have a safety brake, as disclosed, for example, in W02014/009227A1.
- the drive area 13 is usually arranged in the upper level E2 of the structure, while a tensioning station 7 with a deflection axis 15, shown only schematically, is arranged in the lower level El.
- the drive shaft 17 and the deflection axis 15 as well as other load-bearing components of the escalator 1 are held in a supporting structure 2, usually in the form of a lattice structure, which is only shown as an outline in Figure 1 for reasons of clarity.
- the escalator 1 also has two balustrades 8 (only one visible), on each of which a handrail 4 is arranged all the way around.
- the escalator steps 3 are thereby guided during an upward movement direction 6 in advance from a lower access area 10 of the escalator 1 adjacent to the lower level El, over a central inclined Area 11, up to an upper access area 12 adjacent to the upper level Elan and then moved back in the opposite direction.
- the drive motor 19 and the brake 18 arranged in the drive area 13 are controlled and regulated by means of a controller 14.
- the torque or the rotary movement of the motor shaft (covered by the gear) of the drive motor 19 is transmitted to the drive shaft 17 via the gear 16 (a worm gear and a drive chain are shown as an example). Since there are usually two conveyor chains 5 between which the escalator steps 3 are arranged, the drive shaft 17 must also have two drive chain wheels (not shown in detail) over which the conveyor belt 26 is guided in a movement-transmitting manner. All components of the drive area 13 are also housed in the supporting structure 2 and are spanned by a walkable floor cover 9, which is a component of the upper access area 12.
- a braking distance measuring device 30 for measuring a braking distance is arranged in the drive area 13 of the escalator 1.
- the braking distance measuring device 30 can be installed temporarily in the present embodiment, i.e. it can be installed, used and removed again as required.
- a permanent installation of the braking distance measuring device 30 is also conceivable, for example in a balustrade base 20 of the balustrade 8.
- FIG 2 shows a three-dimensional, enlarged partial view of the drive area 13 shown in Figure 1 with a first possible arrangement of a braking distance measuring device 30 installed there.
- the braking distance measuring device 30 has a projector 34 for projecting a virtual measuring scale 31 and a smartphone 32 with an optical sensor 35 and an acoustic sensor 36.
- the braking distance measuring device 30 also includes a holder 33 for the smartphone 32 and the projector 34.
- a software application 38 is installed in the smartphone 32, which provides a scale generator 37 and evaluation algorithms for image analyses and position calculations using the smartphone's own hardware.
- the function of the scale generator 37 is described below with reference to Figure 3.
- the virtual measuring scale 31 generated by the scale generator 37 is projected by the projector 34 onto the conveyor belt 26.
- the virtual measuring scale 31 is arranged in the drive area 13 in relation to its longitudinal extent parallel to the direction of movement 6.
- the projector 34 projects the virtual measuring scale 31 over more than one escalator step 3 of the conveyor belt 26.
- the holder 33 has suction cups that cannot be seen, which fix the holder 33 to a panel 21 of the balustrade base 20.
- the smartphone 32 rests on the holder 33, with the holder 33 being arranged on the panel 21 in such a way that the optical sensor 35 of the smartphone 32 can detect both the virtual measuring scale 31 and at least two escalator steps 3 of the conveyor belt 26. Since the brake 18 is located below the floor cover 9, this arrangement also ideally positions the acoustic sensor 36 (see Figure 4) of the smartphone 32 for recording braking operating noises 51 (see Figures 6A to 6C).
- FIG 3 shows a three-dimensional, enlarged partial view of the drive area 13 shown in Figure 1 with a second possible arrangement of a braking distance measuring device 30.
- This is completely implemented in a smartphone 32.
- the use of a conventional smartphone 32 is therefore advisable because it has sufficient computing capacity and storage capacity for storing and processing the software application 38 and has an optical sensor 35, an acoustic sensor 36 and a touch-sensitive screen 39.
- a scale generator 37 is also implemented in the software application 38.
- a maintenance person holds the smartphone 32 in the drive area 13 in such a way that at least two stages 3 of the conveyor belt 26 can be detected simultaneously by the optical sensor.
- two reference points RI, R2 are determined or defined by marking the two reference points RI, R2, for example by the maintenance person using the touch-sensitive screen 39 on the first image of the image sequence 60 by finger pressure at the beginning of a recording of an image sequence 60 (see Figures 6A to 6C).
- the reference points RI, R2 can also be determined by program steps of the Software application 38 can automatically suggest these if they are defined therein and the reference points RI, R2 are recognized and defined in the recorded image using image recognition algorithms or at least suggested to the maintenance person for confirmation (see also Figure 5).
- the spatial position of the optical sensor 35 is measured using the two vectors VI, V2, taking into account position data from a three-axis position sensor 40 built into the smartphone 32 and the associated angle a (for better clarity, only one of the angles required to determine the position is shown).
- a distance Lo between the two reference points RI, R2 is also optically recorded.
- the virtual scale 31 can be calibrated to a reference plane BE of the conveyor belt 26.
- optically recorded dimensions can be scaled on the reference plane BE.
- the calibration distance LK corresponds to the length of an escalator step 3, since the two reference points RI, R2 were set on two columns 28 of the conveyor belt 26 and the adjacent balustrade base 20.
- the calibration distance LK can, for example, be entered manually or retrieved as a stored value from a data storage 88 of the smartphone 32.
- the calibration distance LK can also be extracted from a digital twin 98 (see Figure 4) of the escalator 1 or the moving walkway.
- the digital twin 98 is a three-dimensional, virtual image of the physical escalator 1 or the physical moving walkway and contains the corresponding calibration distance LK if, for example, the columns 28 between the steps 3 or pallets are used as reference points RI, R2.
- the corresponding measurement and calibration is preferably carried out for each image 61, 62, 63 of an image sequence 60 (see Figures 6A to 6C), because the smartphone 32 is held by the maintenance person and the spatial position of the optical sensor 35 to the conveyor belt 26 is constantly changing. Since the two reference points RI, R2 are arranged in the reference plane BE of the conveyor belt 26, coordinates Kl, K2, K3, K4 for the virtual scale 31 in the given reference plane BE can also be easily calculated from the data available from the measurement.
- the image data for displaying the virtual scale 31 are calculated for the coordinates K1, K2, K3, K4 and sent to the projector 34 via a data connection 49.
- the projector 34 projects the correctly calibrated virtual scale 31 onto the conveyor belt 26 so that it is optically recorded on each image 61, 62, 63 of the image sequence 60.
- the coordinates Kl, K2, K3, K4 are used to generate a virtual measuring scale 31 that can be copied into each image of the image sequence.
- the coordinates Kl, K2, K3, K4 can also be used to convert lengths or distances measured from the images 61, 62, 63 into the actual lengths, distances or distances using an image processing program (not shown) integrated in the software application 38.
- an image processing program (not shown) integrated in the software application 38.
- a difference image can be created from two images of the image sequence 60, the distance covered by a marking 53 applied or defined on the conveyor belt, as can be seen in the difference image, can be measured using the image processing program, and the distance actually covered by the marking 53 can be calculated using the conversion described above.
- Figure 4 schematically shows a smartphone 32 with a software application 38, through which the smartphone 32 can be used as a component of the braking distance measuring device 30.
- the components drive motor 19, brake 18 and control 14 of the escalator 1 are shown schematically in Figure 4 in order to show their interactions with the smartphone 32.
- Figure 4 shows a data cloud 99 (cloud) with a digital twin 98, which is as complete a digital image as possible of the associated physical escalator 1.
- the braking distance measuring device 30 can exchange data with the data cloud 99 or with the digital twin 98 via the communication module 47 described below.
- the braking distance measuring device 30 can use this data exchange query system-specific data such as the calibration distance LK mentioned above.
- the braking distance measuring device 30 can transfer the results determined from the measurements carried out to the digital twin 98 in order to update its data.
- simulations can be carried out on the digital twin 98 and the current state of critical components such as the brake 18 and dynamic loads of braking on the conveyor belt 26 can be determined.
- simulations can be used to calculate the operating parameters of the brake 18 with regard to the permissible deceleration and the permissible braking distance for various load cases, determine optimal setting values and then set on the physical escalator 1. This means that complex and costly, iterative steps for adjusting the brake 18 can be largely replaced.
- the smartphone 32 has an optical sensor 35 (symbolically represented as a video camera), an acoustic sensor 36 (symbolically represented as a handheld microphone) and a touch-sensitive screen 39 on which graphic buttons 41, 42, 43, 44 and thus manually operable elements of a triggering device 45 can be generated.
- the smartphone 32 also has a communication module 47 through which a data connection can be established to the control 14 of the escalator 1. Since a so-called tablet has the same components and properties, a tablet can also be used instead of the smartphone 32.
- components of the same type that are to be used instead of the smartphone 32 for the braking distance measuring device 30 can also be combined in a device specially designed and built for the braking distance measuring device 30.
- the triggering device 45 can be designed as a hand-held device with a push button (not shown) in order to input a stop signal 46, for example.
- the aforementioned software application 38 for the smartphone 32 comprises at least Program steps which enable a synchronous recording of a relative movement of a marking 53, 55 to the virtual measuring scale 31 and the braking operating noises 51 of the brake 18 (see Figures 6A to 6C).
- the software application 38 also includes program steps which provide a scale generator 37 with the functions mentioned above, in particular the generation of a virtual measuring scale 31 which is calibrated to a reference plane BE (see Figures 2 and 3). Further explanations of the virtual measuring scale 31 and the mentioned marking 53, 55 can be found further down in the description of Figures 5 and 6A to 6C.
- the software application 38 has program steps by means of which the required graphic buttons 41, 42, 43, 44 and/or graphic representations 48 of operating data can be generated on the screen 39 following the process sequence.
- a first button 41 is used to set the escalator 1 (see also Figure 1) in motion with a direction of movement 6 from the lower floor E1 to the upper floor E2.
- a second button 42 the escalator 1 can be set in motion with a direction of movement 6 from the upper floor E2 to the lower floor E1.
- a graphic representation 48 can be created and displayed by further program steps of the software application 38.
- the measurement data required for this are transmitted from the controller 14 via the communication module 47 to the smartphone 32 serving as the triggering device 45.
- the graphic representation 48 of the exemplary embodiment shows the acceleration behavior of the conveyor belt 26 from standstill Vo to the nominal speed VN.
- a stop signal 46 can be entered via a third button 43 of the triggering device 45 and sent to the controller 14 of the escalator 1.
- the optical sensor 35, the acoustic sensor 36 and the scale generator 37 are activated at the same time in order to record an image sequence 60 and an associated sound track 65 and to generate a virtual measuring scale 31 (see Figures 5 and 6A to 6C).
- the stop signal 46 is immediately processed by the control 14 so that the
- FIG 5 shows an image 64 from an image sequence 60 that was recorded by the optical sensor 35 of the braking distance measuring device 30 shown in Figures 1 to 3.
- the virtual measuring scale 31 projected onto the escalator steps 3 of the conveyor belt 26 or copied by program steps of the software application 38 is clearly visible.
- the balustrade base 20 is partially visible, in particular a cladding sheet 21 of the balustrade base 20 as well as the floor cover 9 and the comb plate 27.
- a marking 53 is defined or, if necessary, a marking 55 is arranged.
- a gap 28 arranged between two escalator steps 3 serves as a marking 53, which moves relative to the fixed, virtual measuring scale 31 when the conveyor belt 26 is running.
- the gap 28 is defined as a marking 53.
- a special marking 55 can also be temporarily applied to the conveyor belt 26, for example the arrow indicated by a broken line, which is preferably applied using a clearly recognizable color or as a sticker on one of the escalator steps 3.
- several markings 55 can also be applied serially to the conveyor belt 26.
- the gap 28 between two Pallets can be defined as a marking 53. Due to the very narrow design of pallets, it may be better to provide a temporarily attachable marking 55.
- Two columns 28 were also suggested by the software application 38 as reference points RI, R2, since these are very easy to detect visually and the distance between them is known and can be used as the calibration distance LK.
- Figure 6A shows a first image 61 from an image sequence 60 recorded by the braking distance measuring device 30 at the time of the input 67 of a stop signal 46.
- Figure 6B shows a second image 62 from the same image sequence 60 at the time of a starting point 68 at which parallel recorded braking operation noises 51 begin.
- Figure 6C shows a third image 63 from the same image sequence 60 at the time of an end position 69 at which the parallel recorded braking operation noise 51 ends.
- the method for measuring the braking distance LB of an escalator 1 or a moving walk comprises, on the one hand, preparatory steps and, on the other hand, measuring and evaluation steps.
- the preparatory steps include arranging a braking distance measuring device 30 in the drive area 13 above the conveyor belt 26. Possible embodiments of this have already been described above with reference to Figures 2 and 3.
- the triggering device 45 of the braking distance measuring device 30 is connected to the control 14 of the escalator 1 in a signal-transmitting manner.
- the generation of the virtual measuring scale 31 described with reference to Figure 3 can take place before the measuring steps if the optical sensor 35 is arranged stationary, in order to be able to project it onto the conveyor belt 26 with the projector 34 when using a first arrangement according to Figure 2. If no projector 34 is provided and the braking distance measuring method is to be carried out with an arrangement according to Figure 3, the generation of the virtual measuring scale 31 is preferably carried out during the execution of the measuring steps described below.
- the measurement steps include those required to record image sequences 60 and an associated sound track 65 with the braking operation noises 51. Process steps.
- the conveyor belt 26 is brought to a predetermined speed Vv, for example the nominal speed VN.
- a stop signal 46 is sent to the controller 14 by means of the triggering device 45. It is also possible for the triggering device 45 to receive operating data of the drive motor 19 from the controller 14 and automatically send a stop signal 46 to the controller 14 as soon as the drive motor 19 has reached a speed which corresponds to the predetermined speed Vv of the conveyor belt 26.
- the optical sensor 35 When the stop signal 46 is input, the optical sensor 35 begins recording the relative movement sequence between the marking 53 and the displayed or projected virtual measuring scale 31; at least from the stop signal 46 until the conveyor belt 26 comes to a standstill Vo. Synchronously with the optical recording, the sound track 65 with the braking operation noises 51 of the brake 18 is recorded by the acoustic sensor 36 of the braking distance measuring device 30.
- the first recorded image 61 of the image sequence 60 can be assigned to the time of input 67 of the stop signal 46.
- the sound track 65 is not simply a horizontal line, but has a noise level that reproduces the normal operating noise of the escalator 1 at the nominal speed VN.
- the signal input position 81 at the time of the stop signal 46, shown with a broken line, can be read and noted on the first image 61 from the position of the marking 53 to the virtual measuring scale 31.
- the sound track 65 has a sudden increase in the noise level, which then decreases continuously.
- This area of the sound track 65 has the braking noises 51.
- the second image 62 shows the position of the marking 53 in relation to the linear measuring scale 31 at the time of a starting point 68 at which the braking noises 51 recorded in parallel begin.
- the second image 62 is displayed when the sudden increase in the noise level is congruent with the fixed mark 75.
- the position of the marking 53 can be read from the virtual measuring scale 31 and recorded as the starting position 82 of the braking noises 51.
- reaction length LR The distance covered by the marking 53 between the signal input position 81 and the start position 82 is the reaction length LR, which arises because the control 14 and the components involved in a brake application, such as contactors for interrupting the ventilation current (not shown) and the brake 18 itself, have a certain reaction time.
- the third image 63 of the image sequence 60 shows the position of the marking 53 in relation to the linear measuring scale 31 at the time of an end position 69 at which the braking operation noises 51 recorded in parallel end on the sound track 65 and thus the conveyor belt 26 is stationary.
- the third image 63 is displayed when the noise level of the sound track 65 has dropped to the lowest level.
- the sound track 65 only has a background noise. Since the conveyor belt 26 is stationary from this point onwards, all subsequent images in the image sequence 60 look exactly the same. Instead of precisely determining the end of the braking operation noise 51, it is preferable to select an image 63 which definitely shows a static state of the conveyor belt 26. This is the case when two images at different times at the end of the image sequence 60 have an identical position of the marking 53 in relation to the virtual measuring scale 31. Again, the position of the marking 53 can be read from the virtual measuring scale 31 and recorded as the end position 83.
- the distance covered by the marking 53' between the start position 82' and the end position 83 is the actual braking distance LB during braking application of the brake 18.
- the ENI 15-1 standard stipulates that the braking distance must be recorded from the input 67 or from the occurrence of the stop signal 46 until the conveyor belt 26 comes to a complete standstill. This standard braking distance can be determined by simply adding the reaction length LR and the braking distance LB.
- the above-described, mainly manual evaluation of the image sequence 60 can also be carried out automatically using an image processing program by carrying out an image analysis of the course of the recorded braking noises 51 visually displayed in the image sequence 60 and marking the image of the image sequence 60 containing the starting point 68 of the braking noise 51 and one of the images of the image sequence 60 in which the absence of the braking noise 51 can be clearly seen in the image sequence 60.
- the braking distance LB between the starting position 82 and the end position 83 is also determined by comparing the two marked images of the image sequence 60.
- the different positions of the marking 53 are read out in relation to the virtual measuring scale 31 and the braking distance LB is determined by forming the difference.
- this evaluation can also be carried out automatically with comparable steps by means of the known difference image evaluation using known image processing programs and the virtual measuring scale 31.
Landscapes
- Escalators And Moving Walkways (AREA)
Abstract
Description
Claims
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| EP23169349 | 2023-04-24 | ||
| PCT/EP2024/059077 WO2024223244A1 (de) | 2023-04-24 | 2024-04-03 | Verfahren zur messung des bremsweges einer fahrtreppe oder eines fahrsteiges |
Publications (1)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| EP4701972A1 true EP4701972A1 (de) | 2026-03-04 |
Family
ID=86185182
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| EP24715621.9A Pending EP4701972A1 (de) | 2023-04-24 | 2024-04-03 | Verfahren zur messung des bremsweges einer fahrtreppe oder eines fahrsteiges |
Country Status (4)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| EP (1) | EP4701972A1 (de) |
| CN (1) | CN121219222A (de) |
| AU (1) | AU2024261127A1 (de) |
| WO (1) | WO2024223244A1 (de) |
Family Cites Families (4)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| JPS62171891A (ja) * | 1986-01-22 | 1987-07-28 | 東芝昇降機サ−ビス株式会社 | エスカレ−タの制動距離記録測定装置 |
| JP2008265971A (ja) | 2007-04-23 | 2008-11-06 | Toshiba Elevator Co Ltd | エスカレータブレーキスリップ距離測定装置およびその測定方法 |
| PL2872436T3 (pl) | 2012-07-13 | 2016-11-30 | Hamulec bezpieczeństwa do schodów ruchomych lub do ruchomego chodnika | |
| US11390488B2 (en) * | 2020-06-26 | 2022-07-19 | Otis Elevator Company | Visual inspection diagnostics |
-
2024
- 2024-04-03 WO PCT/EP2024/059077 patent/WO2024223244A1/de not_active Ceased
- 2024-04-03 AU AU2024261127A patent/AU2024261127A1/en active Pending
- 2024-04-03 CN CN202480027477.0A patent/CN121219222A/zh active Pending
- 2024-04-03 EP EP24715621.9A patent/EP4701972A1/de active Pending
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| CN121219222A (zh) | 2025-12-26 |
| AU2024261127A1 (en) | 2025-11-06 |
| WO2024223244A1 (de) | 2024-10-31 |
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