EP4688433A1 - Brandschutzlaminat - Google Patents
BrandschutzlaminatInfo
- Publication number
- EP4688433A1 EP4688433A1 EP24721863.9A EP24721863A EP4688433A1 EP 4688433 A1 EP4688433 A1 EP 4688433A1 EP 24721863 A EP24721863 A EP 24721863A EP 4688433 A1 EP4688433 A1 EP 4688433A1
- Authority
- EP
- European Patent Office
- Prior art keywords
- fire protection
- layer
- flame
- laminate
- protection laminate
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Pending
Links
Classifications
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
- B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
- B32B25/00—Layered products comprising a layer of natural or synthetic rubber
- B32B25/20—Layered products comprising a layer of natural or synthetic rubber comprising silicone rubber
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
- B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
- B32B27/00—Layered products comprising a layer of synthetic resin
- B32B27/30—Layered products comprising a layer of synthetic resin comprising vinyl (co)polymers; comprising acrylic (co)polymers
- B32B27/308—Layered products comprising a layer of synthetic resin comprising vinyl (co)polymers; comprising acrylic (co)polymers comprising acrylic (co)polymers
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
- B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
- B32B25/00—Layered products comprising a layer of natural or synthetic rubber
- B32B25/02—Layered products comprising a layer of natural or synthetic rubber with fibres or particles being present as additives in the layer
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
- B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
- B32B25/00—Layered products comprising a layer of natural or synthetic rubber
- B32B25/10—Layered products comprising a layer of natural or synthetic rubber next to a fibrous or filamentary layer
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
- B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
- B32B27/00—Layered products comprising a layer of synthetic resin
- B32B27/12—Layered products comprising a layer of synthetic resin next to a fibrous or filamentary layer
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
- B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
- B32B27/00—Layered products comprising a layer of synthetic resin
- B32B27/18—Layered products comprising a layer of synthetic resin characterised by the use of special additives
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
- B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
- B32B5/00—Layered products characterised by the non- homogeneity or physical structure, i.e. comprising a fibrous, filamentary, particulate or foam layer; Layered products characterised by having a layer differing constitutionally or physically in different parts
- B32B5/02—Layered products characterised by the non- homogeneity or physical structure, i.e. comprising a fibrous, filamentary, particulate or foam layer; Layered products characterised by having a layer differing constitutionally or physically in different parts characterised by structural features of a fibrous or filamentary layer
- B32B5/022—Non-woven fabric
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
- B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
- B32B5/00—Layered products characterised by the non- homogeneity or physical structure, i.e. comprising a fibrous, filamentary, particulate or foam layer; Layered products characterised by having a layer differing constitutionally or physically in different parts
- B32B5/02—Layered products characterised by the non- homogeneity or physical structure, i.e. comprising a fibrous, filamentary, particulate or foam layer; Layered products characterised by having a layer differing constitutionally or physically in different parts characterised by structural features of a fibrous or filamentary layer
- B32B5/024—Woven fabric
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
- B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
- B32B5/00—Layered products characterised by the non- homogeneity or physical structure, i.e. comprising a fibrous, filamentary, particulate or foam layer; Layered products characterised by having a layer differing constitutionally or physically in different parts
- B32B5/02—Layered products characterised by the non- homogeneity or physical structure, i.e. comprising a fibrous, filamentary, particulate or foam layer; Layered products characterised by having a layer differing constitutionally or physically in different parts characterised by structural features of a fibrous or filamentary layer
- B32B5/026—Knitted fabric
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
- B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
- B32B5/00—Layered products characterised by the non- homogeneity or physical structure, i.e. comprising a fibrous, filamentary, particulate or foam layer; Layered products characterised by having a layer differing constitutionally or physically in different parts
- B32B5/02—Layered products characterised by the non- homogeneity or physical structure, i.e. comprising a fibrous, filamentary, particulate or foam layer; Layered products characterised by having a layer differing constitutionally or physically in different parts characterised by structural features of a fibrous or filamentary layer
- B32B5/028—Net structure, e.g. spaced apart filaments bonded at the crossing points
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
- B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
- B32B7/00—Layered products characterised by the relation between layers; Layered products characterised by the relative orientation of features between layers, or by the relative values of a measurable parameter between layers, i.e. products comprising layers having different physical, chemical or physicochemical properties; Layered products characterised by the interconnection of layers
- B32B7/04—Interconnection of layers
- B32B7/12—Interconnection of layers using interposed adhesives or interposed materials with bonding properties
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M10/00—Secondary cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M10/05—Accumulators with non-aqueous electrolyte
- H01M10/052—Li-accumulators
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M50/00—Constructional details or processes of manufacture of the non-active parts of electrochemical cells other than fuel cells, e.g. hybrid cells
- H01M50/10—Primary casings; Jackets or wrappings
- H01M50/14—Primary casings; Jackets or wrappings for protecting against damage caused by external factors
- H01M50/143—Fireproof; Explosion-proof
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M50/00—Constructional details or processes of manufacture of the non-active parts of electrochemical cells other than fuel cells, e.g. hybrid cells
- H01M50/20—Mountings; Secondary casings or frames; Racks, modules or packs; Suspension devices; Shock absorbers; Transport or carrying devices; Holders
- H01M50/218—Mountings; Secondary casings or frames; Racks, modules or packs; Suspension devices; Shock absorbers; Transport or carrying devices; Holders characterised by the material
- H01M50/22—Mountings; Secondary casings or frames; Racks, modules or packs; Suspension devices; Shock absorbers; Transport or carrying devices; Holders characterised by the material of the casings or racks
- H01M50/231—Mountings; Secondary casings or frames; Racks, modules or packs; Suspension devices; Shock absorbers; Transport or carrying devices; Holders characterised by the material of the casings or racks having a layered structure
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M50/00—Constructional details or processes of manufacture of the non-active parts of electrochemical cells other than fuel cells, e.g. hybrid cells
- H01M50/20—Mountings; Secondary casings or frames; Racks, modules or packs; Suspension devices; Shock absorbers; Transport or carrying devices; Holders
- H01M50/233—Mountings; Secondary casings or frames; Racks, modules or packs; Suspension devices; Shock absorbers; Transport or carrying devices; Holders characterised by physical properties of casings or racks, e.g. dimensions
- H01M50/24—Mountings; Secondary casings or frames; Racks, modules or packs; Suspension devices; Shock absorbers; Transport or carrying devices; Holders characterised by physical properties of casings or racks, e.g. dimensions adapted for protecting batteries from their environment, e.g. from corrosion
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M50/00—Constructional details or processes of manufacture of the non-active parts of electrochemical cells other than fuel cells, e.g. hybrid cells
- H01M50/20—Mountings; Secondary casings or frames; Racks, modules or packs; Suspension devices; Shock absorbers; Transport or carrying devices; Holders
- H01M50/249—Mountings; Secondary casings or frames; Racks, modules or packs; Suspension devices; Shock absorbers; Transport or carrying devices; Holders specially adapted for aircraft or vehicles, e.g. cars or trains
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
- B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
- B32B2255/00—Coating on the layer surface
- B32B2255/02—Coating on the layer surface on fibrous or filamentary layer
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
- B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
- B32B2255/00—Coating on the layer surface
- B32B2255/26—Polymeric coating
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
- B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
- B32B2262/00—Composition or structural features of fibres which form a fibrous or filamentary layer or are present as additives
- B32B2262/10—Inorganic fibres
- B32B2262/101—Glass fibres
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
- B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
- B32B2264/00—Composition or properties of particles which form a particulate layer or are present as additives
- B32B2264/10—Inorganic particles
- B32B2264/102—Oxide or hydroxide
- B32B2264/1023—Alumina
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
- B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
- B32B2307/00—Properties of the layers or laminate
- B32B2307/30—Properties of the layers or laminate having particular thermal properties
- B32B2307/306—Resistant to heat
- B32B2307/3065—Flame resistant or retardant, fire resistant or retardant
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
- B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
- B32B2307/00—Properties of the layers or laminate
- B32B2307/70—Other properties
- B32B2307/732—Dimensional properties
- B32B2307/737—Dimensions, e.g. volume or area
- B32B2307/7375—Linear, e.g. length, distance or width
- B32B2307/7376—Thickness
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M2220/00—Batteries for particular applications
- H01M2220/20—Batteries in motive systems, e.g. vehicle, ship, plane
Definitions
- the invention relates to a fire protection laminate which is used to secure flammable objects, such as for example to protect battery packs in electric vehicles, and the use of such fire protection laminates.
- rechargeable batteries also known as secondary batteries or accumulators, or accumulators for short
- secondary batteries also known as secondary batteries or accumulators, or accumulators for short
- Lithium-ion batteries in particular have become established as rechargeable batteries.
- Battery systems are usually enclosed in a housing made of steel or aluminum. Since these alone usually do not meet the requirements described above, numerous thermal protection and barrier elements are described in the state of the art that can stop a fire/explosion for a sufficiently long time.
- US 2005/0170238 A1 describes a battery housing made of a glass fiber reinforced polymer.
- WO 2014/053623 describes a battery housing with a flexible casing made of endothermic heat absorption material and a hose-like exhaust pipe with a covering made of temperature-resistant textile.
- a laminate which consists of a fabric layer, in particular of glass fabric, nylon or polyester fabric, a silicone-ceramic-silicone rubber layer and an adhesive layer.
- WO 2021/144758 A1 describes a multilayer thermal barrier device with a core layer comprising a plurality of fibers (in particular glass fibers) or a flame retardant foam, and a further layer applied to the core layer or integrated into it, wherein this layer is intended to have low thermal conductivity and also consists of inorganic fibers or inorganic binders with inorganic fillers. Further layers, e.g. made of silicone resins, acrylates or urethanes, can be provided.
- WO 2020/070275 A1 discloses a composite system consisting of a carrier layer made of glass fiber fleece or fabric, an adhesive layer made of a thermoplastic polymer synthetic rubber, water glass, polyurethane or acrylate and a fire protection layer made of a glass fiber fleece or fabric with an ablative coating, for which various minerals are proposed in particular.
- a stainless steel foil can be provided as an intermediate layer.
- the object of the present invention is therefore to provide a fire protection laminate that makes it possible to meet the requirements of fire protection regulations, In particular, the period of five minutes that must elapse between thermal runaway and an explosion, an open fire and/or smoke development in the passenger compartment must be observed, and the total thickness must be less than 3 mm. Furthermore, the fire protection laminate should be easy to apply and, if possible, not be fixed so firmly to the substrate immediately upon application that it can no longer be repositioned.
- the invention relates to a fire protection laminate of the type mentioned above, which comprises the following layers in the specified sequence:
- an inorganic fiber layer consisting of silicate glass fibers; a flame-retardant silicone rubber layer and an adhesive layer, wherein the adhesive is an acrylate adhesive containing at least one flame-retardant component selected from aluminum oxides and aluminum hydroxides.
- Such a fire protection laminate according to the invention has very good fire protection properties and makes it possible to avoid or at least delay an open fire, even with a very small layer thickness of 2 mm or less.
- Various test methods are used to check the fire protection properties, in particular the so-called burning test and the battery impact test.
- the test setup for the burning test is shown in Fig. 1.
- the laminate to be tested is placed between a 0.7 mm thick steel plate with a KTL coating (cathode dip painting), which simulates the casing of a vehicle battery, and a butane gas flame with a temperature of 1,200°C.
- the 1,200°C flame acts on the test setup for 10 minutes. During this time, the temperature on the side facing away from the flame, the "cold side", should not exceed 300°C.
- the battery impact test simulates the phase of a battery short circuit, in which not only a fire breaks out due to the very high temperatures, but also hot particles are released. This scenario is simulated using fireworks.
- a 22 mm caliber firework is fired at a distance of 20 mm at a 2 mm thick aluminum plate on which the laminate to be tested is applied.
- the test setup is shown in Fig. 2. The test is passed if the firework does not burn through the aluminum plate during the 22-second firing.
- test procedures are described in detail in connection with the examples. Other test procedures that are relevant when testing the fire protection properties of batteries are also given there.
- the silicate glass fibers of the fire protection laminate have a silica content of at least 94%, in particular at least 96%.
- Such fibers have a particularly high temperature stability.
- the fibers can withstand temperatures of up to approx. 1,100 to 1,200°C.
- the inorganic fiber layer can be in the form of knits, scrims, ribbons, braids, needle-punched textiles, felts, woven fabrics (including plain weave, twill and satin weave), warp-knitted fabrics (including warp-knitted fabrics and knitwear) or fleeces, whereby "fleece” is understood to mean at least textile fabrics in accordance with EN 29092 (1988) as well as stitch-bonded fleeces and similar systems. Furthermore, spacer fabrics and warp-knitted fabrics with lamination can be used. Such spacer fabrics are disclosed in EP 0 071 212 B1.
- Spacer fabrics are mat-shaped laminated bodies with a cover layer made of a fiber or filament fleece, a base layer and individual or tufts of holding fibers between these layers, which are needled through the particle layer and distributed over the surface of the laminated body and connect the cover layer and the base layer to one another.
- the inorganic fiber layer made of silicate glass fibers is particularly preferably a fabric in satin weave, in particular in the 12 H, 8 H or 8/3 version.
- the warp preferably has a thread count of 16 to 20 cm' 1 and the weft 12 to 16 cm' 1.
- Such a fabric is particularly temperature stable and resistant to the mechanical stress caused by the hot particles.
- the flame-retardant silicone rubber layer consists of silicone rubber containing at least one type of particle selected from iron(III) oxide, ammonium polyphosphate, zinc borate and aluminum hydroxide.
- the said particles increase the temperature stability of the silicone rubber and thus improve the fire protection properties of the laminate.
- the flame-retardant silicone rubber layer is advantageously applied to the inorganic fiber layer using a liquid calendering process. This ensures that the layer is applied evenly, which is particularly important given the thin layer thickness. Applying too thinly in individual areas would jeopardize the protection as a whole. Applying too thickly, on the other hand, means that the layer cannot be placed in the available space.
- the liquid calendering process ensures that the silicone rubber penetrates the fabric to a certain extent, thus creating a stronger bond and compacting the composite, which improves the fire protection properties.
- Numerous compounds can be used as flame retardant components in the adhesive layer, for example the particles also mentioned for the silicone rubber layer, selected from iron(III) oxide, ammonium polyphosphate, zinc borate and aluminum hydroxide. In addition, boron nitride.
- the flame retardant component in the adhesive layer is particularly preferably at least one compound selected from a-AI 2 O 3 , Y-AI2O3, a-AI(OH) 3 , y-AI(OH) 3 , a-AIO(OH) or y -AIO(OH), with a-AI 2 O 3 and a-AI(OH) 3 being particularly preferred as they have a very strong temperature-reducing effect.
- the compounds react by forming water vapor, which finds its way out of the adhesive.
- the acrylate adhesive is particularly preferably a pressure-sensitive adhesive.
- a pressure-sensitive adhesive is understood, as is common parlance, to mean a substance that is permanently tacky and adhesive at least at room temperature.
- a characteristic of a pressure-sensitive adhesive is that it can be applied to a substrate by pressure and remains adhered to there, whereby the pressure to be applied and the duration of this pressure are not defined in more detail.
- Pressure-sensitive adhesives have characteristic viscoelastic properties that lead to permanent stickiness and adhesiveness. What characterizes them is that when they are mechanically deformed, both viscous flow processes and the build-up of elastic restoring forces occur. The proportion of both processes is in a certain relationship to one another, depending on the exact composition, structure and degree of cross-linking of the pressure-sensitive adhesive as well as on the speed and duration of the deformation and the temperature. The proportion of viscous flow is necessary to achieve adhesion. Only the viscous components, caused by macromolecules with relatively high mobility, enable good wetting and good flow onto the substrate to be bonded. A high proportion of viscous flow leads to high pressure-sensitive adhesiveness (also known as tack or surface stickiness) and thus often also to high adhesive strength. Highly cross-linked systems, crystalline or glassy solidified polymers are generally not or at least only slightly adhesive due to the lack of flowable components.
- the proportional elastic restoring forces are necessary to achieve cohesion. They are caused, for example, by very long-chained and highly entangled macromolecules as well as by physically or chemically cross-linked macromolecules and enable the transfer of the forces acting on an adhesive bond. They mean that an adhesive bond can withstand a permanent load acting on it, for example in the form of a permanent shear load, to a sufficient extent over a longer period of time.
- a "poly(meth)acrylate” is understood to mean a polymer which is obtainable by radical polymerization of acrylic and/or methacrylic monomers and optionally other copolymerizable monomers.
- a "poly(meth)acrylate” is understood to mean a polymer whose monomer base consists of at least 50% by weight of acrylic acid, methacrylic acid, acrylic esters and/or methacrylic esters, with acrylic esters and/or methacrylic esters being present at least in proportion, preferably at least 30% by weight, based on the total monomer base of the polymer in question.
- the pressure-sensitive adhesive preferably contains poly(meth)acrylates in a total of 30 to 60% by weight, more preferably in a total of 35 to 45% by weight, in each case based on the total weight of the pressure-sensitive adhesive. It may contain a (single) poly(meth)acrylate or several poly(meth)acrylates. Whenever reference is made above and below to “the poly(meth)acrylate”, this is always intended to include the presence of several poly(meth)acrylates; likewise, when reference is made to “the poly(meth)acrylates” or “the totality of all poly(meth)acrylates”, this is also intended to include the presence of only a single poly(meth)acrylate.
- the glass transition temperature of the poly(meth)acrylate of the pressure-sensitive adhesive according to the invention is preferably ⁇ 0 °C, more preferably between -25 and -70 °C.
- the glass transition temperature of polymers or of polymer blocks in block copolymers is determined according to the invention by means of dynamic scanning calorimetry (DSC). For this purpose, approx. 5 mg of an untreated polymer sample are weighed into an aluminum crucible (volume 25 ⁇ l) and closed with a perforated lid. A DSC 204 F1 from Netzsch is used for the measurement. The work is carried out under nitrogen for inerting.
- the sample is first cooled to -150 °C, then heated at a heating rate of 10 K/min to +150 °C and cooled again to -150 °C.
- the subsequent second heating curve is again run at 10 K/min and the change in heat capacity is recorded. Glass transitions are recognized as steps in the thermogram.
- the poly(meth)acrylate of the pressure-sensitive adhesive can preferably be composed of the following monomers: n-butyl acrylate, n-butyl methacrylate, n-pentyl acrylate, n-pentyl methacrylate, n-amyl acrylate, n-hexyl acrylate, n-hexyl methacrylate, n-heptyl acrylate, n-octyl acrylate, n-octyl methacrylate, n-nonyl acrylate, isobutyl acrylate, isooctyl acrylate, isooctyl methacrylate, 2-ethylhexyl acrylate, 2-ethylhexyl methacrylate, 2-propylheptyl acrylate and 2-propylheptyl methacrylate, acrylic acid, methacrylic acid, itaconic acid, maleic acid, fuma
- the adhesive can be chemically crosslinked using state-of-the-art technology. This can be achieved using various mechanisms, e.g. electron beam curing, UV crosslinking, thermal crosslinking.
- UV crosslinking is used using commercially available photoinitiators, such as benzoin acrylate or phenyl ketones.
- the polymerization of the (meth)acrylate monomers is preferably UV-initiated only up to a degree of polymerization at which a mixture of polymers and monomers is present.
- This mixture - usually syrupy - is then compounded with the other components of the pressure-sensitive adhesive and only after the mass has been formed into a sheet is it further polymerized or cross-linked by UV irradiation.
- the finished (polymerized) polymers are not used in the compounding of the pressure-sensitive adhesive, but rather a mixture of polymers and monomers, with the monomers also fulfilling the function of a solvent for the polymers.
- the acrylic adhesive is particularly preferably an acrylic pressure-sensitive adhesive that is produced by UV-initiated bulk polymerization. Such adhesives are particularly easy to handle and apply.
- the acrylic pressure-sensitive adhesive is preferably a pressure-sensitive adhesive which contains a. at least one poly(meth)acrylate; and b. at least 40% by weight, based on the total weight of the pressure-sensitive adhesive, of flame retardant component in the adhesive layer, where this can be a single filler or a mixture of at least two fillers, where the mixture of at least two fillers comprises at least one filler Fisph which consists of essentially round particles. “Rounded” means that the particles have no corners or edges.
- the preferred pressure-sensitive adhesive preferably contains the flame retardant component in an amount of at least 50% by weight, more preferably at least 55% by weight, in each case based on the total weight of the pressure-sensitive adhesive.
- the preferred pressure-sensitive adhesive contains a mixture of at least two fillers to at least 50% by weight, wherein this mixture comprises at least one filler Fi sp h which consists of essentially round particles, it has been shown that such a filler mixture is able to bring about certain properties of the adhesive tape largely independently of direction, i.e. to counteract anisotropy.
- the filler mixture preferably causes the pressure-sensitive adhesive to have a thermal conductivity that is weakly or not at all anisotropic.
- the filler mixture therefore preferably comprises at least one thermally conductive filler.
- at least the filler consisting of essentially round particles is a thermally conductive filler.
- the preferred round filler also has a low electrical conductivity, so that the filler in question shows properties of an electrical insulator in addition to the thermal conductivity or imparts properties of an electrical insulator to the pressure-sensitive adhesive.
- Electrically insulating properties are also desirable for the other filler in the filler mixture of the preferred pressure-sensitive adhesive.
- all of the fillers in the pressure-sensitive adhesive are electrically insulating.
- the pressure-sensitive adhesive is particularly preferably electrically insulating.
- An electrical insulator is a substance that has a specific resistance of > 10 8 Q*cm according to TRGS 727.
- the filler Fi sp h consists of essentially round particles and is present in excess of the other filler or the totality of the other fillers.
- the filler Fi sp h consists in particular of aluminium hydroxide, or thus of essentially round aluminium hydroxide particles.
- the pressure-sensitive adhesive may contain additional components and/or additives, either alone or in combination with one or more other additives or components.
- the pressure-sensitive adhesive can contain at least one tackifier, which can also be referred to as an adhesive strength enhancer or adhesive resin.
- a tackifier is an oligomeric or polymeric resin that increases the autohesion (the tack, the inherent stickiness) of the pressure-sensitive adhesive compared to a pressure-sensitive adhesive that does not contain a tackifier but is otherwise identical.
- the pressure-sensitive adhesive may contain colorants, in particular pigments and/or carbon black.
- the flame-retardant silicone rubber layer is pretreated before the adhesive layer is applied, the pretreatment being a corona treatment, plasma pretreatment or the application of a primer. Corona treatment is preferably used.
- pretreatment ensures a particularly good bond, namely between the flame-retardant Silicone rubber layer and the adhesive layer. The above applies to the importance of a good bond between the layers.
- the laminate can have any thickness. However, it has the great advantage that it offers very good fire protection even with a very small overall thickness.
- the entire laminate advantageously has a thickness of 0.5 to 2.5 mm, preferably 0.5 to 2 mm and particularly preferably 0.8 to 1.5 mm.
- the thickness of the inorganic fiber layer is preferably 0.2 to 1.3 mm, particularly preferably 0.3 to 0.9 mm and very particularly preferably 0.3 to 0.7 mm.
- the flame-retardant silicone rubber layer preferably has a thickness of 0.35 to 1.8 mm, particularly preferably 0.35 to 1.2 mm and very particularly preferably 0.35 to 0.9 mm.
- the thickness of the adhesive layer is preferably from 0.05 to 0.15 mm, particularly preferably from 0.05 to 0.13 mm and most preferably from 0.1 to 0.125 mm.
- the laminate according to the invention comprises only the three layers, i.e. the inorganic fiber layer, the flame-retardant silicone rubber layer and the adhesive layer with flame-retardant component.
- a silicone-based layer is applied to the side of the inorganic fiber layer facing away from the flame-retardant silicone rubber layer.
- the surface weight of this silicone-based layer is advantageously between 5 and 50 g/m 2 .
- the adhesive layer is covered with a release liner.
- the laminate according to the invention can be used anywhere in fire protection.
- the laminate is particularly suitable as fire protection for batteries, especially for lithium-ion batteries.
- the laminate is also particularly suitable for use in accumulators for electric vehicles.
- Accumulators or battery packs are usually housed in a housing, often made of aluminum or steel with a KTL coating. Such a housing can withstand particle bombardment for 4 to 5 seconds, after which it melts and particle bombardment and flames escape to the outside.
- the laminate according to the invention is preferably attached to the inside of the housing, in particular glued under the cover of the housing. If the laminate is applied to the inside of the housing, the length of time the casing can withstand this particle bombardment can be significantly extended. The length of time by which the withstandability is extended depends on the thickness of the laminate or its layers. For example, a laminate according to the invention with a layer thickness of 2 mm manages to withstand the 22 seconds that particle bombardment usually lasts for lithium-ion batteries, so that the escape of flames and thus the spread of the fire can be prevented.
- the laminate according to the invention thus enables adequate fire protection despite a very low layer thickness. This is particularly advantageous because the space available in the case of a battery for an electric vehicle is very limited.
- the laminate should ideally be attached inside the housing on the cover facing the passenger compartment.
- the space available is usually a maximum of 2 mm and is sometimes even less (less than 1.5 mm or even less than 1.3 mm).
- the laminate according to the invention is also particularly advantageous because it is flexible and therefore easy to apply. Furthermore, the laminate according to the invention is repositionable due to the pressure-sensitive adhesive used, ie even if it does not apply in the desired position straight away, this is not critical because it can be peeled off again and repositioned. Examples:
- the test setup for the burning test is shown in Fig. 1.
- the laminate to be tested (3) (size of the test piece: 70 x 150 mm) is placed between a 0.7 mm thick steel plate with a KTL coating (1), which simulates the casing of a vehicle battery, and a butane gas flame (2) with a temperature of 1,200°C.
- the 1,200°C flame acts on the test setup for 10 minutes.
- the temperature on the side facing away from the flame, the "cold side” (4) should not exceed 300°C.
- the temperature on the cold side (4) and the "hot side” (5) is checked using temperature sensors (6).
- Butane gas is used as the fuel gas and the burner output is 1.85 kW. Such a burner simulates very well the conditions that can be observed when a lithium-ion battery catches fire.
- the temperature sensors are type K thermocouples for the cold side and type K or type B for the hot side.
- the battery impact test simulates the phase of a battery short circuit, in which not only a fire breaks out due to the very high temperatures, but also hot particles are released.
- the test setup is shown in Fig. 2. This scenario is simulated using fireworks (7). For 22 seconds, a 22 mm caliber firework is fired at a distance of 20 mm from the sample onto a 2 mm thick aluminum plate (1 ) on which the laminate to be tested (3) (size of the test piece: 150 x 150 mm) is applied. The result is given as the time in seconds that the laminate withstands the shot before it breaks through. The test is passed if the fireworks do not burn through the aluminum plate (1 ) during the 22 second shot. Aluminum is particularly suitable for this test because it burns at a temperature of of 660 °C, making the test result clearly visible if the firework burns through the plate.
- the fire behavior after exposure of the test specimen to flame is determined in accordance with UL94V.
- the burning and afterglow time as well as the burning dripping of the test specimen and whether any drops ignite a cotton indicator located under the test specimen are evaluated, with the test specimen in a vertical orientation.
- Test specimens measuring 125 x 13 x 1.2 (mm) 3 are exposed to flames using a Bunsen burner, twice for 10 seconds.
- Fire protection laminates according to the invention must meet the UL94V0 standard (extinction of a vertically clamped sample within 10 seconds without burning dripping of plastic melt and a maximum of 30 seconds of afterglow).
- the standard transfer adhesive tape tesa 58394 was used and laminated together with a composite material POLOTSK-STEKLOVOLOKNO-600+Elastosil R501/75OH+2% ELASTOSIL® COLOR PASTE FL RED IRON OXIDE RAL 3013.
- the materials used for the comparative examples are given in Table 1.
- the laminate according to Example 1 was only able to achieve 15 seconds, but the required 22 seconds were achieved with a slightly thicker laminate (2 mm instead of 1.2 mm) with otherwise identical components.
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- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
- Electrochemistry (AREA)
- General Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Textile Engineering (AREA)
- Manufacturing & Machinery (AREA)
- Aviation & Aerospace Engineering (AREA)
- Laminated Bodies (AREA)
Abstract
Description
Claims
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN202310369715.3A CN117584569A (zh) | 2023-04-07 | 2023-04-07 | 防火层压材料 |
| PCT/EP2024/059361 WO2024209071A1 (de) | 2023-04-07 | 2024-04-05 | Brandschutzlaminat |
Publications (1)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| EP4688433A1 true EP4688433A1 (de) | 2026-02-11 |
Family
ID=89918898
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| EP24721863.9A Pending EP4688433A1 (de) | 2023-04-07 | 2024-04-05 | Brandschutzlaminat |
Country Status (3)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| EP (1) | EP4688433A1 (de) |
| CN (1) | CN117584569A (de) |
| WO (1) | WO2024209071A1 (de) |
Family Cites Families (20)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| IL66103A0 (en) | 1981-07-27 | 1982-09-30 | Tesch G H | Mat shaped composite body and its preparation |
| US4686135A (en) * | 1985-01-29 | 1987-08-11 | Hiraoka & Co., Ltd. | Composite sheet material |
| CH680377A5 (de) * | 1990-05-28 | 1992-08-14 | Helmut Hoedt | |
| JP4615075B2 (ja) * | 1998-12-28 | 2011-01-19 | 株式会社フジクラ | ノンハロゲン難燃性樹脂組成物および難燃性電線・ケーブル |
| DE10312031A1 (de) * | 2003-03-18 | 2004-09-30 | Tesa Ag | Schwerentflammbare Haftklebemasse, Verfahren zu ihrer Herstellung sowie ihre Verwendung zur Herstellung eines Haftklebebandes |
| KR100626436B1 (ko) * | 2003-11-13 | 2006-09-20 | 주식회사 엘지화학 | 난연성이 개선된 점착제 |
| US20050170238A1 (en) | 2004-02-04 | 2005-08-04 | Abu-Isa Ismat A. | Fire shielding battery case |
| DE202009007700U1 (de) * | 2009-05-19 | 2009-10-08 | Lohmann Gmbh & Co. Kg | Laminationsband für Solarmodule |
| JP5812754B2 (ja) * | 2011-02-11 | 2015-11-17 | 日東電工株式会社 | 難燃性熱伝導性粘着シート |
| DE102012019676B4 (de) | 2012-10-05 | 2017-10-26 | Stöbich Technology Gmbh | Akku-Transportbehälter, Akku-Transportgebinde und Akku-Transportvorrichtung |
| CN207028393U (zh) | 2017-04-27 | 2018-02-23 | 深圳市中宇恒通电热科技有限公司 | 一种新型电池安全导热隔热片 |
| CN107216418A (zh) * | 2017-07-10 | 2017-09-29 | 芜湖扬展新材料科技服务有限公司 | 聚丙烯酸酯复合材料的制备方法 |
| WO2019146926A1 (ko) * | 2018-01-29 | 2019-08-01 | 주식회사 엘지화학 | 이차 전지 및 이차 전지용 절연판 |
| CN112805070B (zh) | 2018-10-05 | 2023-12-05 | 卡伊利兹控股有限公司 | 具有复合系统的防火装置、复合系统和具有防火装置的电池组 |
| DE102018009870B4 (de) * | 2018-12-19 | 2022-03-24 | Lohmann Gmbh & Co. Kg | Klebeband sowie Verfahren zur Herstellung des Klebebands |
| CN114982044A (zh) | 2020-01-15 | 2022-08-30 | 3M创新有限公司 | 用于可再充电的电能存储系统的热逸溃屏障 |
| DE102020205048B4 (de) * | 2020-04-21 | 2025-10-16 | Tesa Se | Polyacrylat und darauf basierende Haftklebmasse |
| DE102020209289A1 (de) * | 2020-07-23 | 2022-01-27 | Tesa Se | Stanzling insbesondere zum dauerhaften Verschließen von Löchern |
| DE102020007327A1 (de) * | 2020-12-01 | 2022-06-02 | H.K.O. Isolier- Und Textiltechnik Gmbh | Mehrschichtiges Schutzelement für eine Batterie |
| US20230018024A1 (en) * | 2021-07-19 | 2023-01-19 | Federal-Mogul Powertrain Llc | Thermal and dielectric insulator for battery pack |
-
2023
- 2023-04-07 CN CN202310369715.3A patent/CN117584569A/zh active Pending
-
2024
- 2024-04-05 EP EP24721863.9A patent/EP4688433A1/de active Pending
- 2024-04-05 WO PCT/EP2024/059361 patent/WO2024209071A1/de not_active Ceased
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| WO2024209071A1 (de) | 2024-10-10 |
| CN117584569A (zh) | 2024-02-23 |
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