EP4669691A1 - Härtbare organosiloxan-modifizierte reaktionsharze - Google Patents
Härtbare organosiloxan-modifizierte reaktionsharzeInfo
- Publication number
- EP4669691A1 EP4669691A1 EP23720053.0A EP23720053A EP4669691A1 EP 4669691 A1 EP4669691 A1 EP 4669691A1 EP 23720053 A EP23720053 A EP 23720053A EP 4669691 A1 EP4669691 A1 EP 4669691A1
- Authority
- EP
- European Patent Office
- Prior art keywords
- curable composition
- composition according
- bis
- compound
- cyanate ester
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Pending
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Classifications
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
- C08K—Use of inorganic or non-macromolecular organic substances as compounding ingredients
- C08K5/00—Use of organic ingredients
- C08K5/16—Nitrogen-containing compounds
- C08K5/29—Compounds containing one or more carbon-to-nitrogen double bonds
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
- C08G—MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS OBTAINED OTHERWISE THAN BY REACTIONS ONLY INVOLVING UNSATURATED CARBON-TO-CARBON BONDS
- C08G73/00—Macromolecular compounds obtained by reactions forming a linkage containing nitrogen with or without oxygen or carbon in the main chain of the macromolecule, not provided for in groups C08G12/00 - C08G71/00
- C08G73/06—Polycondensates having nitrogen-containing heterocyclic rings in the main chain of the macromolecule
- C08G73/0622—Polycondensates containing six-membered rings, not condensed with other rings, with nitrogen atoms as the only ring hetero atoms
- C08G73/0638—Polycondensates containing six-membered rings, not condensed with other rings, with nitrogen atoms as the only ring hetero atoms with at least three nitrogen atoms in the ring
- C08G73/065—Preparatory processes
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
- C08G—MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS OBTAINED OTHERWISE THAN BY REACTIONS ONLY INVOLVING UNSATURATED CARBON-TO-CARBON BONDS
- C08G73/00—Macromolecular compounds obtained by reactions forming a linkage containing nitrogen with or without oxygen or carbon in the main chain of the macromolecule, not provided for in groups C08G12/00 - C08G71/00
- C08G73/06—Polycondensates having nitrogen-containing heterocyclic rings in the main chain of the macromolecule
- C08G73/10—Polyimides; Polyester-imides; Polyamide-imides; Polyamide acids or similar polyimide precursors
- C08G73/1003—Preparatory processes
- C08G73/1007—Preparatory processes from tetracarboxylic acids or derivatives and diamines
- C08G73/101—Preparatory processes from tetracarboxylic acids or derivatives and diamines containing chain terminating or branching agents
- C08G73/1014—Preparatory processes from tetracarboxylic acids or derivatives and diamines containing chain terminating or branching agents in the form of (mono)anhydrid
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
- C08G—MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS OBTAINED OTHERWISE THAN BY REACTIONS ONLY INVOLVING UNSATURATED CARBON-TO-CARBON BONDS
- C08G73/00—Macromolecular compounds obtained by reactions forming a linkage containing nitrogen with or without oxygen or carbon in the main chain of the macromolecule, not provided for in groups C08G12/00 - C08G71/00
- C08G73/06—Polycondensates having nitrogen-containing heterocyclic rings in the main chain of the macromolecule
- C08G73/10—Polyimides; Polyester-imides; Polyamide-imides; Polyamide acids or similar polyimide precursors
- C08G73/1046—Polyimides containing oxygen in the form of ether bonds in the main chain
- C08G73/1053—Polyimides containing oxygen in the form of ether bonds in the main chain with oxygen only in the tetracarboxylic moiety
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
- C08G—MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS OBTAINED OTHERWISE THAN BY REACTIONS ONLY INVOLVING UNSATURATED CARBON-TO-CARBON BONDS
- C08G73/00—Macromolecular compounds obtained by reactions forming a linkage containing nitrogen with or without oxygen or carbon in the main chain of the macromolecule, not provided for in groups C08G12/00 - C08G71/00
- C08G73/06—Polycondensates having nitrogen-containing heterocyclic rings in the main chain of the macromolecule
- C08G73/10—Polyimides; Polyester-imides; Polyamide-imides; Polyamide acids or similar polyimide precursors
- C08G73/1057—Polyimides containing other atoms than carbon, hydrogen, nitrogen or oxygen in the main chain
- C08G73/106—Polyimides containing other atoms than carbon, hydrogen, nitrogen or oxygen in the main chain containing silicon
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
- C08G—MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS OBTAINED OTHERWISE THAN BY REACTIONS ONLY INVOLVING UNSATURATED CARBON-TO-CARBON BONDS
- C08G73/00—Macromolecular compounds obtained by reactions forming a linkage containing nitrogen with or without oxygen or carbon in the main chain of the macromolecule, not provided for in groups C08G12/00 - C08G71/00
- C08G73/06—Polycondensates having nitrogen-containing heterocyclic rings in the main chain of the macromolecule
- C08G73/10—Polyimides; Polyester-imides; Polyamide-imides; Polyamide acids or similar polyimide precursors
- C08G73/1075—Partially aromatic polyimides
- C08G73/1082—Partially aromatic polyimides wholly aromatic in the tetracarboxylic moiety
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
- C08L—COMPOSITIONS OF MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS
- C08L61/00—Compositions of condensation polymers of aldehydes or ketones; Compositions of derivatives of such polymers
- C08L61/04—Condensation polymers of aldehydes or ketones with phenols only
- C08L61/06—Condensation polymers of aldehydes or ketones with phenols only of aldehydes with phenols
- C08L61/14—Modified phenol-aldehyde condensates
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
- C08L—COMPOSITIONS OF MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS
- C08L79/00—Compositions of macromolecular compounds obtained by reactions forming in the main chain of the macromolecule a linkage containing nitrogen with or without oxygen or carbon only, not provided for in groups C08L61/00 - C08L77/00
- C08L79/04—Polycondensates having nitrogen-containing heterocyclic rings in the main chain; Polyhydrazides; Polyamide acids or similar polyimide precursors
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
- C08L—COMPOSITIONS OF MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS
- C08L79/00—Compositions of macromolecular compounds obtained by reactions forming in the main chain of the macromolecule a linkage containing nitrogen with or without oxygen or carbon only, not provided for in groups C08L61/00 - C08L77/00
- C08L79/04—Polycondensates having nitrogen-containing heterocyclic rings in the main chain; Polyhydrazides; Polyamide acids or similar polyimide precursors
- C08L79/08—Polyimides; Polyester-imides; Polyamide-imides; Polyamide acids or similar polyimide precursors
Definitions
- the invention relates to curable compositions of reactive resins with polymerizable functional cyanate ester groups and linear poly(imide-diorganosiloxane) copolymers, processes for their preparation, and cured materials and composites obtainable therefrom which have high fracture toughness.
- EP resins or epoxy resin systems are used in a wide range of applications and have now established themselves as one of the most frequently used high-performance polymers in composite materials, for example in combination with glass, carbon (CFRP) or aramid fiber.
- organic high-performance reactive resins such as phenol-formaldehyde resins (PF), cyanate ester (CE), bismaleimide (BMI), polyimide (PI), benzoxazine or phthalonitrile resins, or reactive resin mixtures such as bis(benzocyclobutenimide)/bismaleimide, cyanate ester/epoxy or bismaleimide/cyanate ester (BT resins) have become increasingly important as matrix resins in fiber composite materials in industry, automotive engineering and aerospace in recent years.
- PF phenol-formaldehyde resins
- CE cyanate ester
- BMI bismaleimide
- PI polyimide
- benzoxazine or phthalonitrile resins or reactive resin mixtures
- reactive resin mixtures such as bis(benzocyclobutenimide)/bismaleimide, cyanate ester/epoxy or bismaleimide/cyanate ester (BT resins) have become increasingly important as matrix resins in fiber composite materials in industry,
- polymer matrix resins based on CE, BMI or PI combine high mechanical strengths with high Glass transition temperatures, high thermal loads and long-term stability, which greatly expands the application possibilities of these thermosets, especially in the high temperature range.
- Cyanate ester resins in particular are characterized by low water absorption and a low dielectric constant when cured and by good processability when uncured.
- CE resins are also the best alternative compared to most other resin systems in terms of toxicological properties and flame and smoke properties. This unique combination of properties predestines the use of CE resins for a wide range of applications.
- thermoset systems based on CE resins also have disadvantages.
- cyanate ester resins crosslink as the cyanate ester (NsC-O-) groups trimerize to form thermally stable cyanurate rings, creating polycyanurate networks with a high crosslinking density.
- NsC-O- cyanate ester
- the cured thermosets are characterized by high mechanical stability, but on the other hand the networks are brittle, i.e. they have low crack resistance and impact strength.
- thermosets cured after the shaping and curing process have a higher fracture toughness (K lc ) and consequently an improved ageing resistance, wherein the advantageous properties inherent in the thermosets, such as thermo-oxidative resistance, high glass transition temperature and high mechanical strength, are largely retained even in the thermosets modified in this way.
- thermoplastics, elastomers, core/shell particles and block copolymers have proven to be effective modifiers.
- the block copolymer modifiers in the cured cyanate resin matrix tend to form larger spherical and additionally "worm-like"micelles; both of these - according to the group of authors - contribute to an improvement in the impact strength properties.
- the disclosed block copolymers also have several disadvantages: Firstly, aromatic diamines are used for the synthesis of the polyimide blocks, which are sometimes classified as CMR substances and are therefore toxicologically questionable.
- Another disadvantage is that the terminal amine groups have a strong accelerating effect on the crosslinking reaction of the cyanate ester groups, so that the curing of cyanate ester resin mixtures becomes more uncontrollable with increasing proportion of modifier and the storage stability of the mixtures decreases accordingly; in addition, the amine groups contribute to higher water absorption and increased polycyanurate network degradation through aminolysis, which is noticeable in a higher hydrolysis rate of the cured resin mixtures.
- a further limitation is that with increasing poly(dimethylsiloxane) block proportion, which has a positive effect on toughness, the miscibility with cyanate resins decreases, so that the proportion of modifier in the cyanate resin and thus also the possibility of making it tough is limited.
- the invention relates to curable compositions comprising
- (A) at least one organic compound (A) free of siloxy ( Si-O-) units and having at least two cyanate ester (-OC ⁇ N) groups (also referred to in the present document as "cyanate ester resin"), wherein the compound (A) is preferably substituted and/or contains at least one heteroatom, and (B) at least one linear, cyanate ester group-free,
- R is the same or different and represents a methyl, vinyl or phenyl radical
- R 1 , R 2 , R 3 and R 4 are the same or different and represent a monovalent, optionally substituted hydrocarbon radical
- R 5 is the same or different and represents a monovalent, optionally substituted, hydrocarbon radical
- Y is the same or different and represents a methylene (-CH2-), ethylene (- (CH 2 -)2) _ or propylene (- (CH 2 -) 3) group, and
- R 6 is the same or different and is a hydrogen atom, a halogen atom or a monovalent, optionally substituted, optionally interrupted by at least one heteroatom, hydrocarbon radical having 1 to 30 carbon atoms, which is optionally bonded either to a substituent or to the other radical R 6 to form a cyclic unit, m is 1 to 15, preferably 1 to 10, particularly preferably 1 to 5, in particular 1, and n is 1 to 20, preferably 1 to 15, particularly preferably 1 to 10, in particular 1 to 5.
- radical R 6 are monovalent radicals, such as the methyl, ethyl, trifluoromethyl, phenyl and fluorenyl radicals; ring structures consisting of two radicals R 6 , such as the cyclohexane-1,1-diyl, cyclohexene-1,2-diyl, 9H-fluorene-9,9-diyl, N-phenyl-1-isoindolinone-3,3-diyl, 1(3H)-isobenzofuranone-3,3-diyl, anthracene-9(10H)-one-10,10-diyl, 9,10-dihydroanthracene-9,9-diyl and the 3,3,5-trimethylcyclohexane-1,1-diyl radical.
- the heteroatoms can be selected from the group consisting of O, S, N, P and Si, preferably O and S.
- component (A) refers to the totality of the at least one compound (A) and the term “component (B)” refers to the totality of the at least one compound (B).
- component (B) refers to the totality of the at least one compound (B).
- propenyl stands for the 1- or 2-propenyl radical.
- Compound (A) can be substituted and/or contain at least one heteroatom.
- compound (A) is an aromatic hydrocarbon compound which is optionally substituted and/or contains at least one heteroatom, wherein preferably per molecule of compound (A) the at least two cyanate ester (-O-C ⁇ N) groups are bonded to aromatic carbon atoms.
- At least two optionally substituted and/or at least one heteroatom-containing aromatic hydrocarbon radicals, each with a cyanate ester group bonded to an aromatic carbon atom, are present per molecule of the compound (A); in particular, the optionally substituted and/or aromatic hydrocarbon radicals containing at least one heteroatom, each with a cyanate ester group bonded to an aromatic carbon atom via a covalent bond or at least one bridging unit selected from the group consisting of -CR 7 2 -
- hydrocarbon radical such as phenylene, toluene, biphenylene and naphthylene; or a divalent cycloalkanediyl radical, such as tricyclo [5.2.1.0 2 ' 6 ]decanediyl and bicyclo[2.2.1]heptanediyl.
- the residues R 7 are each, independently of one another, the residues mentioned for R 6 .
- Examples of the compound (A) according to the invention are di- and poly-cyanate esters of monoaromatic hydrocarbons such as phenylene-1,2-dicyanate, phenylene-1,3-dicyanate (GAS 1129-88-0), phenylene-1,4-dicyanate (GAS 1129-80-2), 2,4,5-trifluorophenylene-1,3-dicyanate, 1,3,5-tricyanatobenzene, methyl(2,4-dicyanatophenyl)ketone and 2,7-dicyanonaphthalene; Cyanate esters of bisphenols (“bisphenol dicyanate”), such as 2,2-bis(4-cyanatophenyl)butane, 2,2-bis(4-cyanatophenyl)propane (GAS 1156-51-0, bisphenol A cyanate ester; trade names: AroCy® BIO, PRIMASET® BADCy or CYTESTER® TA), 2,2-bis(4-cyanatophenyl )-1
- the residues R 8 are each independently the residues mentioned for R 6 .
- compound (A) is 2,2-bis(4-cyanatophenyl)propane, 1,1-bis(4-cyanatophenyl)ethane, bis(4-cyanatophenyl)methane, 1,3-bis(2-(4-cyanatophenyl)propan-2-yl)benzene, 2,2-bis(3-(2-propenyl)-4-cyanatophenyl)propane, bis(4-cyanatophenyl)thioether, bis(4-cyanatophenyl)sulfone, Phenol-dicyclopentadiene cyanate ester resins and cyanate esters of phenol-formaldehyde resins.
- Component (A) is particularly preferably 2,2-bis(4-cyanatophenyl)propane, bis(4-cyanatophenyl)methane, 1,1-bis(4-cyanatophenyl)ethane, 1,3-bis(2-(4-cyanatophenyl)propan-2-yl)benzene, bis(4-cyanatophenyl)thioether, bis(4-cyanatophenyl)sulfone, phenol-dicyclopentadiene cyanate ester resins or cyanate esters of phenol-formaldehyde resins.
- compound (A) is 1,1-bis(4-cyanatophenyl)ethane, 1,3-bis(2-(4-cyanatophenyl)propan-2-yl)benzene, cresol or phenol novolac cyanate esters.
- compositions according to the invention can contain only one cyanate ester resin (A) or a mixture of different cyanate ester resins (A) or can contain prepolymers of one cyanate ester resin (A) or prepolymers of different cyanate ester resins (A) as well as mixtures of prepolymeric cyanate ester resins or mixtures of prepolymeric cyanate ester resins with one or more cyanate ester resins (A).
- An example of a prepolymer made from a cyanate ester resin (A) is bisphenol A dicyanate homopolymer (CAS 25722-66-1, examples of trade names: Primaset® BA-200).
- the at least one compound (B) according to the invention is a linear poly(imide-diorganosiloxane) copolymer (hereinafter also referred to as "copolymer”) of the general formulas (I) and/or (II) as described above.
- Compounds (B) can be solid or liquid at 23 °C and 1013 hPa, with the poly(bisphenol-diorganosiloxane) copolymers (B) preferably being solid at 23 °C and 1013 hPa.
- the at least one compound (B) according to the invention has a weight average molar mass Mw of preferably 700 to 20,000 g/mol, more preferably 1,000 g/mol to 15,000 g/mol, particularly preferably 1,000 g/mol to 10,000 g/mol, in particular 1,000 g/mol to 8,000 g/mol.
- the at least one compound (B) according to the invention has a number average molar mass Mn of preferably 500 to 10,000 g/mol, more preferably 500 g/mol to 6000 g/mol, particularly preferably 1000 g/mol to 5000 g/mol, in particular 1000 g/mol to 3500 g/mol.
- the number average molar mass Mn and the weight average molar mass Mw, each in the unit g/mol, rounded to whole numbers of 10 in accordance with DIN 1333:1992-02 Section 4, are determined using size exclusion chromatography (SEC/GPC) in accordance with DIN 55672-1/ISO 160414-1 and ISO 160414-3 by calibrating a column set based on polystyrene-co-divinylbenzene as the stationary phase consisting of three columns with different pore size distributions in the order 10000 ⁇ , 500 ⁇ and 100 ⁇ with an exclusion size of greater than 450000 g/mol against polystyrene standards.
- the analysis is carried out using THF as the eluent.
- the analyses are carried out at a column temperature of 45 ⁇ 1°C and using a refractive index detector.
- Examples of monovalent, optionally substituted hydrocarbon radicals R 1 , R 2 , R 3 and R 4 are alkyl radicals such as the methyl, ethyl, propyl, butyl, pentyl and octyl radicals; cycloalkyl radicals such as the cyclopentyl, cyclohexyl, cyclohep- tyl and methylcyclohexyl residue; unsaturated hydrocarbon radicals, such as the vinyl, propenyl, cyclohexenyl, 2-(3-cyclohexenyl)ethyl, bicyclo[2.2.1]hepten-2-yl, dicyclopentenyl, 4-vinylcyclohexyl, norbornenyl, vinylphenyl and propenylphenyl radicals; Aryl radicals such as phenyl, biphenyl, cumylphenyl, benzylphenyl, naphthyl, anthryl, meth
- radicals R 1 and R 2 and/or radicals R 3 and R 4 can form one or more ring structures such as in succinimide, 3-allyl-succinimide, cyclohexane-1,2-dicarboximide, 4-cyclohexene-1,2-dicarboximide, 1,2,3,6-tetrahydrophthalimide, 3,4,5,6-tetrahydrophthalimide, phthalimide, 4-phenoxy-phthalimide, 4-benzoyl-phthalimide, 4-phenylsulfonyl-phthalimide, maleimide, bicyclo[2.2.1]hept-5-ene-2,3-dicarboximide, bicyclo[2.2.1]heptane-2,3-dicarboximide, 3,6-epoxy-1,2,3,6-tetrahydrophthalimide, Bicyclo[2.2.2]oct-5-ene-2,3-dicarboximide, tetrafluorosuccinimide,
- radicals R 1 and R 2 and/or radicals R 3 and R 4 form ring structures as in phthalimide, succinimide and bicyclo [2.2.1]hept-5-ene-2,3-dicarboximide, particularly preferably as in phthalimide.
- monovalent, optionally substituted hydrocarbon radicals R 5 are the radicals mentioned for R 1 , R 2 , R 3 and R 4 as well as carbonyl-functional radicals, such as the benzoyl and phenoxycarbonyl radical.
- the radical R 5 is preferably the phenyl, benzylphenyl, cumylphenyl, tert-butylphenyl, phenoxyphenyl, phenylmercaptophenyl, phenylsulfonylphenyl or benzoylphenyl radical; particularly preferably the phenyl, benzoylphenyl or benzylphenyl radical.
- the compounds (B) according to the invention are preferably those of the formula (I).
- Compounds (B) of the formula (I) particularly preferably contain no aliphatic carbon-carbon multiple bonds and no aromatic heteroatoms.
- the compounds (B) used according to the invention can be prepared by methods commonly used in chemistry.
- Compounds (B) are preferably prepared by first reacting the bisanhydrides and optionally monoanhydrides with the aminoalkyl-functionalized poly(diorgano)siloxanes and optionally the aromatic monoamines in an inert solvent such as tetrahydrofuran to form amide functional groups and then heating the mixture to 150 °C to 220 °C, preferably 170 °C to 190 °C, in a vacuum to cause the ring closure reaction with elimination of water to form the functional imide groups.
- the degree of polymerization depends on the ratio of the reagents bisanhydride and aminoalkyl-terminated poly(diorgano)siloxane as well as monoanhydride and aromatic monoamine.
- compound (B) For the preparation of compound (B), only one bisanhydride or a mixture of different bisanhydrides can be reacted with one or more different aminoalkyl-terminated poly(diorgano)siloxane(s) and either one or more different monoanhydride(s) or one or more different aromatic amine(s).
- compound (B) is prepared from a bisanhydride, an aminoalkyl-terminated poly(diorgano)siloxane and a monoanhydride or an aromatic amine; particularly preferably, compound (B) is prepared from a monoanhydride, a bisanhydride and 1,3-bis(3-aminopropyl)-1,1,3,3-tetramethyldisiloxane.
- composition according to the invention can only contain one compound
- compositions according to the invention contain the at least one compound (B) in amounts of preferably 1 to 100 parts by weight, particularly preferably 5 to 50 parts by weight, in particular 5 to 35 parts by weight, in each case based on 100 parts by weight of component (A).
- compositions according to the invention can contain further substances which are different from components (A) and (B), such as modifier (C), reactive resin (D), filler (E), curing accelerator (F), solvent (G) and auxiliaries (H).
- composition according to the invention further comprises the following compounds:
- composition according to the invention can be any composition according to the invention.
- component (C) stands for the entirety of the at least one compound (C)
- component (D) stands for the entirety of the at least one compound (D)
- component (E) stands for the entirety of the at least one compound (E)
- component (F) stands for the entirety of the at least one compound (F)
- the optional at least one modifier (C) is preferably
- R 9 is the same or different and represents a hydrogen atom or a monovalent, SiC-bonded, optionally substituted, hydrocarbon radical which may be interrupted by at least one heteroatom,
- R 10 is the same or different and is a hydrogen atom or a monovalent, aliphatic hydrocarbon radical having 1 to 12 carbon atoms, h is 0, 1, 2 or 3, preferably 1, 2 or 3, i is 0, 1, 2 or 3, preferably 0, 1 or 2, particularly preferably 0 or 1, in particular 0, with the proviso that in formula (III) the sum h+i is ⁇ 3, that compound (Gl) contains 2 to 20 units of formula (III) and that
- Examples of monovalent, SiC-bonded, optionally substituted, optionally interrupted by at least one heteroatom, hydrocarbon radicals R 9 are the radicals mentioned for R 1 , R 2 , R 3 and R 4 ; epoxy radicals, such as the 3-glycidoxypropyl, 4-(oxiran-2-yl)phenyl, oxiran-2-yl and 2-(3,4-epoxycyclohexyl)ethyl radicals ; acrylate and methacrylate radicals, such as the 3-methacryloxypropyl, acryloxymethyl and methacryloxymethyl radicals; amine radicals such as the aminophenyl, 3-aminopropyl, N-(2-aminoethyl)-3-aminopropyl and N-phenylaminomethyl radicals; hydroxy-substituted radicals such as the hydroxyphenyl and hydroxypropyl radicals; halogenated radicals such as the trifluoromethyl, fluorophenyl, chlorophenyl
- the radical R 9 is a hydrogen atom, the phenyl or the methyl radical.
- the radical R 10 is preferably an aliphatic hydrocarbon radical having 1 to 8 carbon atoms, particularly preferably the methyl, ethyl, n-propyl, isopropyl, n-butyl, sec-butyl, tert-butyl or isobutyl radical, in particular the methyl or ethyl radical.
- organosilicon compounds (CI) are 1,3,5,7-tetrakis (2-(3,4-epoxycyclohexyl)ethyl)-1,3,5,7-tetramethylcyclotetrasiloxane (CAS 121225-98-7), 2,4,6,8-tetramethyl-2,4,6,8-tetrakis [3- (glycidoxy)propyl]cyclotetrasiloxane (CAS 257284-60-9), bis[2- (3,4-epoxycyclohex-l-yl)ethyl]-1,1,3, 3-tetramethyldisiloxane (CAS 18724-32-8), 1,3-bis(norbornenylethyl)-1,1,3,3,-tetramethyldisiloxane, organopolysiloxane of medium composition (PhSiO3/2)20(PhSi(OMe)O2/2)es(PhSi(OMe)2O1/2)14 and a weight average
- thermoplastic thermoplastic
- the thermoplastics (C2) preferably have either reactive or chemically inert end groups.
- Reactive end groups remain due to the production process during the polymerization reaction from the corresponding reactive groups of the polymerizable monomers. These are preferably hydroxy, amino, carboxy and isocyanato groups. Examples of chemically inert end groups are the methyl or phenyl radical.
- the thermoplastics (C2) have glass transition temperatures above 100 °C, preferably from 130 °C to 450 °C, particularly preferably from 150 °C to 400 °C, in particular from 180 °C to 350 °C; the The number-average molar mass Mn of (C2) is preferably 1100 to 100,000 g/mol, more preferably 2000 to 50,000 g/mol, particularly preferably 2000 to 30,000 g/mol, in particular 3000 to 20,000 g/mol.
- RH-OCN (IV) wherein R 11 represents a monovalent, optionally substituted aromatic hydrocarbon radical which may be interrupted by at least one heteroatom, with the proviso that the cyanate ester group is directly bonded to an aromatic carbon atom.
- Examples of compound (C3) are cyanatobenzene (GAS 1122-85-6), l-cyanato-4-cumylbenzene (GAS 110215-65-1), l-cyanato-4-tert-butylbenzene, l-cyanato-2-tert -butylbenzene, 4-cyanatobiphenyl, 1-cyanatonaphthalene, 2-cyanatonaphthalene, 4-cyanatononylbenzene, 4-chlorocyanatobenzene, 4-cyanatodiphenylsulfone, 4-cyanatotoluene, 4-cyanatodiphenyl ether, 4-cyanatodiphenyl ketone, 4-(cyanato)methoxybenzene; as well as propenyl-substituted monofunctional cyanate esters, such as 4-cumyl-2-(propenyl)cyanatobenzene or 2-(propenyl)cyanatobenzene.
- the compound (C3) preferably has a boiling point at 1013 hPa of at least 150 °C, particularly preferably at least 180 °C, in particular at least 220 °C.
- the optional aliphatic carbon-carbon multiple bonds in compound (C4) are preferably propenyl groups bonded to aromatic carbon atoms, with compound (C4) particularly preferably having a phenolic hydroxy group and optionally a propenyl group bonded to an aromatic radical.
- Examples of compounds (C4) without aliphatic carbon-carbon multiple bonds are monovalent, optionally substituted phenols, such as phenol, cresol, naphthol, 4-phenylphenol, thymol, gujacol (2-methoxyphenol), 4-cumylphenol, 4-benzylphenol, 4-isopropylphenol, 4-tert-butylphenol, 2-tert-butylphenol, 2,4-di-tert-butylphenol, 2,4-bis(a,a-dimethylbenzyl)phenol, nonylphenol, xylenol or 2,6-dinonylphenol; polyvalent phenols, such as pyrocatechol (benzene-
- 1,3,5-triol dihydroxynaphthalene
- aromatic compounds with two (bisphenols) or more hydroxyphenyl residues such as bis-(2-hydroxyphenyl)-methane, 2,2-bis(3-methyl-4-hydroxyphenyl)propane (bisphenol C), 1,1-bis(4-hydroxyphenyl)ethane (bisphenol E),
- Examples of compounds (C4) with propenyl groups are 2,2-bis (3-(2-propenyl)-4-hydroxyphenyl)propane (CAS 1745-89-7), 2-methoxy-4-(2-propenyl)phenol (CAS 97-53-0), 4-(2-propenyl)-2,6-dimethoxyphenol (CAS 6627-88-9), 2-(2-propenyl)-6-methylphenol (CAS 3354-58-3), 2-(2-propenyl)phenol (CAS 1745- 81-9), 5,5’-bis(2-propenyl)-2,2’-biphenyldiol (CAS 528-43-8), 3’,5-bis(2-propenyl)-2,4’-biphenyldiol (CAS 35354-74-6), bis(3-(2-propenyl)-4-hydroxyphenyl)sulfone (CAS 41481-66-7), 4-cumyl-2-(2-propenyl)phenol, 4-cumyl-2-(2-methyl-2-propen
- Compound (C4) is preferably 4-phenylphenol, 2-methoxy-4-(2-propenyl)phenol, 4-cumylphenol, 4-isopropylphenol, 4-tert-butylphenol, 2-tert-butylphenol, bisphenols, 2,2- Bis(3-(2-propenyl)-4-hydroxyphenyl)propane, 4-(1-(4-hydroxy-3-propenylphenyl)propyl)-2-propenylphenol, 4-cumyl-2-(2-propenyl)phenol, 4-cumyl-2-(2-methyl-2-propenyl)phenol, 4-tert-butyl-2-(2-propenyl)phenol, 4-tert-butyl-2-(2-methyl-2-propenyl)phenol or 2-(2-propenyl)phenol; where 2-methoxy-4-(2-propenyl)-phenol, 4-cumylphenol, 4-tert-butylphenol, 2,2-bis(3-(2-propenyl)-4-hydroxyphenyl)prop
- compositions according to the invention contain at least one modifier (C), either only one modifier (CI) to (C4) or several different modifier (C), either only one modifier (CI) to (C4) or several different modifier (C).
- Modifiers (CI) to (C4) may be included in the mixture.
- compositions according to the invention contain at least one modifier (C)
- the at least one modifier (C) is present in amounts of preferably 1 to 30 parts by weight, particularly preferably 1 to 20 parts by weight, in particular 1 to 10 parts by weight, in each case based on 100 parts by weight of the sum of components (A) and (B).
- the optional at least one reactive resin (D) contains per molecule at least two optionally substituted, optionally interrupted by at least one heteroatom, aromatic hydrocarbon radicals each having a maleimido, glycidyloxy, glycidyloxycarbonyl, glycidylamino or diglycidylamino group bonded to an aromatic carbon atom.
- the residues R 12 are each, independently of one another, the residues mentioned for R 6 .
- the at least one reactive resin (D) contains heteroatom-free aromatic ring frameworks.
- Epoxy resins (Dl) are preferably copolymerizable with cyanate ester resin (A).
- imide resins (D2) are not co-polymerizable with cyanate ester resin (A).
- polymerizable epoxy resins are glycidyl ethers of phenol compounds such as 2,2-bis(4-glycidyloxyphenyl)propane (CAS 1675-54-3), bis(4-glycidyloxyphenyl)methane (CAS 2095-03-6), 1,2-bis(glycidyloxy)benzene (CAS 2851-82-3), 1,3-bis(glycidyloxy)benzene (CAS 101-90-6), 1,4-
- A-epichlorohydrin-formaldehyde copolymer (CAS 28906-96-9); glycidyl ethers of phenol or cresol dicyclopentadiene condensation products, such as CAS 68610-51-5 and CAS 119345-05-0; glycidyl esters of aromatic carboxylic acids, such as diglycidyl phthalate (CAS 7195-45-1), diglycidyl terephthalate (CAS 7195-44-0), diglycidyl isophthalate (CAS 7195-43-9), triglycidyl 1,2,3-benzenetricarboxylate, triglycidyl 1,2,4-benzenetricarboxylate (CAS 7237-83-4) and triglycidyl 1,3,5-benzenetricarboxylate (CAS 7176-19-4); Glycidyl derivatives of aromatic amines and aminophenols, such as N,N-diglycidyl-4-glycidyloxyaniline (CAS
- polymerizable maleimide resins (D2) are 4,4'-bis(maleimidophenyl)methane (CAS 13676-54-5), m-xylylenebismaleimide (CAS 13676-53-4), l,l'-(2,2,4-trimethylhexane-1,6-diyl)bis-lH-pyrrole-2,5-dione (CAS 39979-46-9), bis(3-ethyl-5-methyl-4-maleimidophenyl)methane (CAS 105391-33-1), bis(4-maleimido-3-methylphenyl)methane, bis(4-maleimido-3,5-dimethylphenyl)methane, 1,1-bis(4-maleimidophenyl)cyclohexane, 2,4-bismaleimidotoluene (CAS 6422-83-9), N,N '-1,2-Phenylenebismaleimide (CAS 13118-04-2), N,N'-1
- Bis(maleimidophenyl)methane/4,4'-bis(aminophenyl)methane copolymer (CAS 26140-67-0); reaction product of a condensation product of formaldehyde and aniline with maleic anhydride (CAS 28630-26-4, CAS 67784-74-1); bis(4-maleimidophenyl)ether, 2,2-bis[4- (maleimidophenoxy)phenyl ]propane (CAS 79922-55-7), bis(4-maleimidophenyl)sulfone (CAS 13102-25-5), bis(4-maleimidophenyl)ketone, 1,1'-(benzene-1,3-diyldimethandiyl)bis(1H-pyrrole-2,5-dione) (CAS 13676-53-4), 4,4'-bis(maleimido)-1,1'-biphenyl (CAS 3278-30-6), 4,4'-bis(3-maleimidophenoxy
- the at least one compound (D) is a monomeric compound without a thermoplastic, homo- or copolymeric polymer portion.
- compositions according to the invention contain at least one reactive resin (D), the at least one reactive resin is present in amounts of preferably 1 to 40 parts by weight, particularly preferably 1 to 30 parts by weight, in particular 1 to 20 parts by weight, in each case based on 100 parts by weight of the sum of components (A) and (B).
- compositions according to the invention contain at least one polymerizable imide (D2), this is preferably present in combination with components which are co-polymerizable with both cyanate ester groups and imido groups, preferably maleimido groups.
- these components are selected from those cyanate esters (A), modifiers (C3) or modifiers (C4) which have propenyl groups bonded to aromatic carbon atoms; or from aromatic hydrocarbon compounds which have one or two hydroxy groups bonded to aromatic carbon atoms per molecule. and one or two polymerizable imido groups, preferably maleimido groups, bonded to aromatic carbon atoms, such as N-(4-hydroxyphenyl)maleimide (GAS 7300-91-6).
- compositions according to the invention contain at least one polymerizable imide resin (D2) in combination with the components mentioned in the preceding paragraph, the molar ratio of the sum of the imido groups to the sum of the propenyl groups is in a range of preferably 45:55 to 95:5, particularly preferably 55:45 to 90:10, in particular 65:45 to 80:20.
- the at least one filler (E) optionally present in the compositions according to the invention may be any particulate filler known to date.
- the optional at least one filler (E) according to the invention is preferably one which dissolves in toluene at 23 °C and 1000 hPa to less than 1 wt. %.
- fillers are non-reinforcing particulate fillers, i.e. fillers with a BET surface area of preferably up to 50 m 2 /g, for example made of quartz, glass, cristobalite, diatomaceous earth; water-insoluble silicates, such as calcium silicate, calcium metasilicate, magnesium silicate, zirconium silicate, talc, mica, feldspar, kaolin, zeolites; metal oxides, such as aluminium, titanium, iron, boron or zinc oxides or their mixed oxides; barium sulphate, calcium carbonate, marble powder, gypsum, silicon nitride, silicon carbide, boron nitride, plastic powders, such as Polyacrylonitrile or polyetherimide powder; reinforcing fillers, i.e.
- non-reinforcing particulate fillers i.e. fillers with a BET surface area of preferably up to 50 m 2 /g, for example
- fillers with a BET surface area of more than 50 m 2 /g such as pyrogenically produced silica, precipitated silica, precipitated chalk, carbon black, such as furnace and acetylene black and silicon-aluminium mixed oxides with a large BET surface area; aluminium trihydroxide, magnesium hydroxide, hollow spherical fillers, such as glass microballoons, glass spheres, phenolic thermospheres or ceramic microspheres, such as those available under the trade name ZeeospheresTM from 3M GmbH in D-Neuss; fibrous fillers, such as wollastonite, montmorillonite, basalt, bentonite and cut and/or ground fibres made of glass (short glass fibres) or mineral wool; metallic fibres, fibres consisting of metal oxides, glass, ceramic, carbon or plastic; as well as natural fibers such as cellulose, flax, hemp, wood or sisal.
- the optional at least one filler (E) according to the invention can be contained in the composition according to the invention as a single filler or in any mixture of at least two different fillers (E).
- Component (E) is selected from particulate fillers, including fibers up to a length of 5 cm (El) and semi-finished fiber products (E2) containing fibers with a length of more than 5 cm, with semi-finished fiber products (E2) being preferred.
- the optional at least one filler (E2) is preferably any of the previously known fiber-forming materials made of polypropylene, polyethylene, polytetrafluoroethylene, polyester; metallic fibers made of steel; oxidic and non-oxidic ceramics, such as Silicon carbide, aluminum oxide, silicon dioxide, boron oxide; glass, quartz, carbon, aramid, asbestos, graphite, acrylonitrile, poly(benzothiazole), poly(benzimidazole), poly(benzoxazole), titanium dioxide, boron; and aromatic polyamide fibers such as poly(p-phenylene terephthalamide).
- the at least one filler (E) mentioned can optionally be surface-treated, e.g. hydrophobicized, for example by treatment with organosilanes or organosilanes, stearic acid or with one or more modifiers (C).
- the filler surfaces can also be modified to enable chemical bonding to the cured resin matrix, e.g. by oxidation or treatment with acids or bases.
- the at least one filler (E2) is preferably surface-treated.
- the proportion of the at least one filler (El) is preferably 5 to 900 parts by weight, particularly preferably 10 to 400 parts by weight, in particular 15 to 150 parts by weight, in each case based on 100 parts by weight of the sum of components (A) and (B).
- the proportion of the at least one filler (E2) is preferably 20 to 900 parts by weight, particularly preferably 60 to 900 parts by weight, in particular 100 to 400 parts by weight, in each case based on 100 parts by weight of the sum of components (A) and (B).
- the at least one filler (E2) can be contained in different forms in the composition according to the invention, e.g. as continuous ropes each with 1000 to 400000 Single filaments, woven fabrics, scrims, knits, braids, mats, fleeces, whiskers, chopped short fibres or random fibre felt.
- compositions according to the invention preferably contain at least one filler (E), wherein the at least one filler (E) particularly preferably consists predominantly, in particular completely, of filler (E2).
- compositions according to the invention preferably contain ropes, fiber fabrics, fiber scrims, fiber knits or fiber braids as filler (E2), particularly preferably each consisting of carbon fibers, aromatic polyamide fibers, ceramic and/or glass fibers, wherein either the respective fibers and/or the ropes, fiber fabrics, fiber scrims, fiber knits or fiber braids produced therefrom are in particular surface-treated.
- the respective fibers are very particularly preferably surface-treated.
- the optional fiber fabrics (E2) or fiber scrims (E2) according to the invention are preferably used in multiple layers.
- component (E2) comprises at least 80% by weight, particularly preferably at least 90% by weight, of fiber fabrics, fiber scrims, fiber knits or fiber braids, based on 100% by weight of component (E2).
- the composition according to the invention can be cured in the presence of at least one curing accelerator (F) as is known from the prior art.
- Suitable curing accelerators (Fl) are, for example, acids and bases, such as hydrochloric acid, phosphinic acid, phosphonic acid, Phosphoric acid, aliphatic and aromatic amines such as triethylamine, N,N-dimethylaniline and pyridine; amidines, guanidines, sodium hydroxide; halides such as aluminium chloride, lithium chloride, boron fluoride, iron chloride, zinc chloride, zinc fluoride, tin chloride, cobalt chloride and titanium chloride; as well as organometallic compounds such as metal alcoholates, metal carboxylates or metal chelate complexes of aluminium, copper, zinc, titanium, iron, manganese, cobalt, chromium or nickel.
- organometallic compounds are cobalt (II) naphthenate, nickel (II) naphthenate, iron (III) naphthenate, copper (II) naphthenate, manganese (II) naphthenate, aluminum (III) naphthenate, zinc (II) naphthenate, zinc (II) octoate, zinc (II) acetylacetonate, iron (III) acetylacetonate, cobalt (II) acetylacetonate, chromium (III) acetylacetonate, aluminum (III) acetylacetonate and copper (II) acetylacetonate.
- At least one curing accelerator (F1) is used for curing the compositions according to the invention, it is preferably a combination of an organometallic compound and a co-accelerator which has at least one active proton, particularly preferably a combination of an organometallic compound and a phenol (C4), such as nonylphenol.
- compositions according to the invention contain at least one curing accelerator (Fl), the amounts used are preferably from 0.00001 to 5 parts by weight, based on 100 parts by weight of component (A), with organometallic compounds (Fl) particularly preferably being used in amounts from 0.0001 to 0.02 parts by weight, based on 100 parts by weight of component (A).
- compositions according to the invention contain radically polymerizable functional groups, such as aliphatic carbon-carbon multiple bonds, radical-forming curing accelerators (F2), such as organic peroxides, e.g.
- compositions according to the invention contain radical-forming curing accelerators (F2), the amounts are preferably 0.1 to 2 parts by weight based on 100 parts by weight of the sum of imido group-containing modifier (Gl) and imide resin (D2). Preferably, no radical-forming curing accelerators (F2) are used.
- Examples of the optional at least one solvent (G) are aliphatic mono- and polyhydric alcohols, such as methanol, ethanol, n-propanol, isopropanol, n-butanol, iso-butanol, sec-butanol, 1,2-ethanediol, 1,2-propanediol, 1,3-propanediol, polypropylene glycol, polyethylene glycol, 1,2-butanediol, 1,3-butanediol, polybutylene glycol and glycerin; ethers, such as methyl tert-butyl ether, di-tert-butyl ether and di-, tri- or tetraethylene glycol dimethyl ether; saturated hydrocarbons such as n-hexane, cyclohexane, n-heptane, n-octane and isomeric octanes such as 2-ethylhexan
- the at least one solvent (G) is preferably an aromatic hydrocarbon or a ketone.
- compositions according to the invention contain at least one solvent (G)
- the amounts are preferably 10 to 300 parts by weight, particularly preferably 10 to 100 parts by weight, in particular 10 to 50 parts by weight, in each case based on 100 parts by weight of the sum of components (A) and (B).
- the compositions according to the invention preferably contain no solvent (G).
- the optional at least one auxiliary substance (H) according to the invention preferably comprises pigments, dyes, fragrances, processing aids, such as agents for influencing tack, lubricants, mold release agents, antiblocking agents or dispersants; stabilizers against hydrolysis, light, oxidation, heat, discoloration; flame-retardant agents or plasticizers.
- the at least one auxiliary substance (H) is present in amounts of preferably 0.01 to 20 parts by weight, particularly preferably 0.1 to 10 parts by weight, in particular 0.1 to 10 parts by weight, in each case based on 100 parts by weight of the sum of components (A) and (B).
- the compositions according to the invention preferably contain no further constituents (H).
- compositions according to the invention are preferably those containing
- compositions according to the invention are preferably those containing
- compositions according to the invention are those containing
- compositions according to the invention are those containing
- compositions according to the invention preferably contain, in addition to components (A) and (B), the optional components
- Impurities for example catalyst residues such as sodium chloride or potassium chloride, impurities in technical cyanate ester resin monomers and, where applicable, Reaction products of the components used, which arise during mixing or storage, no further components.
- compositions according to the invention the components described so far can be used individually or in the form of a mixture of at least two of the respective components.
- compositions according to the invention can be prepared by known methods, such as, for example, by mixing the individual components in any order or in a previously known manner.
- Another object of the present invention is a process for preparing the compositions according to the invention by mixing the individual components in any order.
- mixing can take place at temperatures in the range of preferably 20 to 150 °C, particularly preferably in the range of 50 to 130 °C, in particular at temperatures of 60 to 120 °C. Very particular preference is given to mixing at the temperature which, when mixing at ambient temperature, results from the temperature of the raw materials plus the temperature increase due to the energy input during mixing, whereby heating or cooling can be carried out as required.
- Mixing can take place at the pressure of the surrounding atmosphere, i.e. about 900 to 1100 hPa. It is also possible to mix temporarily or continuously under reduced pressure, such as 30 to 500 hPa absolute pressure, in order to To remove compounds and/or air or to work under excess pressure, such as pressures between 1100 hPa and 3000 hPa absolute pressure, particularly during continuous operation, when, for example, these pressures arise in closed systems due to the pressure during pumping and due to the vapour pressure of the materials used at elevated temperatures.
- the process according to the invention can be carried out continuously, discontinuously or semi-continuously, preferably it is carried out discontinuously.
- the individual components except for component (E) are premixed in any order, then filler (E2) is impregnated with the premix by known processing techniques such as prepregging (from the melt, solution or suspension), sheet molding compound (SMC), winding processes (filament winding), compression molding, pultrusion, fiber spraying and injection processes such as transfer molding (resin transfer molding) or vacuum infusion and processed into molded articles without bubbles.
- compositions according to the invention can be used for all purposes for which organic reactive resin systems or their prepolymers have previously been used for subsequent curing to thermosets.
- components (A) and (B) and the optional components (C), (D), (G) and (H) are preferably first mixed in any order to form a premix, and then component (E2), preferably ropes, fabrics, scrims, knitted fabrics or braids, impregnated with the premix under pressure if necessary and degassed if necessary.
- component (E2) preferably ropes, fabrics, scrims, knitted fabrics or braids, impregnated with the premix under pressure if necessary and degassed if necessary.
- each layer can be impregnated and degassed individually or all layers together.
- components (A) and (B) and optional components (C), (D), (G) and (H) are first mixed in any order to form a premix and then injected into a mold cavity in which component (E2), preferably ropes, woven fabrics, scrims, knitted fabrics or braids, is located, preferably degassing taking place simultaneously during the injection process.
- component (E2) preferably ropes, woven fabrics, scrims, knitted fabrics or braids
- components (A) and (B) and the optional components (C), (D), (G), and (H) are first mixed in any order to form a premix and then applied to a release paper;
- component (E2) preferably aligned ropes, woven fabrics, scrims, knits or braids, is then pressed between two coated paper sheets and passed through a series of heated rollers to bring about complete wetting of component (E2).
- compositions according to the invention can be shaped into any desired form by mechanical pressure at ambient temperature or, if appropriate, at elevated temperature.
- compositions according to the invention are preferably moldable and are particularly preferably modeled and cured in a mold cavity or around a mold template.
- a further object of the invention is therefore the use of the composition according to the invention for the production of molded articles.
- a further subject matter of the invention is therefore a process for producing shaped bodies by shaping the composition according to the invention and subsequent curing.
- a further subject matter of the invention are therefore shaped bodies obtainable from the compositions according to the invention by shaping and curing.
- compositions according to the invention or produced according to the invention are preferably degassed before curing, particularly preferably after shaping and before curing.
- the curing according to the invention preferably takes place at temperatures in the range from 50 to 350 °C, particularly preferably from 100 to 300 °C, in particular from 120 to 270 °C.
- the curing according to the invention most preferably takes place stepwise at temperatures from 120 to 270 °C.
- the curing process can be accelerated so that shaping and curing can also be carried out in one step.
- the molded bodies according to the invention are preferably fiber composite materials (or fiber-reinforced plastics "FRP").
- a further object of the invention is therefore the use of the composition according to the invention for the production of fiber composite materials.
- Another object of the invention is a process for producing fiber composite materials by shaping the composition according to the invention and subsequent curing.
- a further object of the invention are therefore fiber composite materials obtainable from the compositions according to the invention by shaping and curing.
- compositions according to the invention can be solid or liquid at a temperature of 100°C and an air pressure of 1013 hPa, and are preferably liquid at 100°C and 1013 hPa.
- compositions according to the invention are liquid at 100°C and 1013 hPa, they have a dynamic viscosity of preferably 1 to 5000 mPa-s, preferably 1 to 2000 mPa-s, particularly preferably 1 to 1000 mPa-s, in particular 1 to 500 mPa-s, in each case at 100°C and 1013 hPa.
- the dynamic viscosity is determined according to DIN 53019 at a temperature of 23°C and an air pressure of 1013 hPa, unless otherwise stated.
- the measurement is carried out using a "Physica MCR 300" rotational rheometer from Anton Paar.
- a coaxial cylinder measuring system (CG 27) with a ring measuring gap of 1.13 mm is used for viscosities from 1 to 200 mPa-s, and a cone-plate measuring system (Searle system with measuring cone CP 50-1) is used for viscosities greater than 200 mPa-s.
- the shear rate is adapted to the polymer viscosity (1 to 99 mPa-s at 100 s -1 ; 100 to 999 mPa-s at 200 s -1 ; 1000 to 2999 mPa-s at 120 s -1 ; 3000 to 4999 mPa-s at 80 s -1 ; 5000 to 9999 mPa-s at 62 s -1 ; 10000 to 12499 mPa-s at 50 s -1 ; 12500 to 15999 mPa-s at 38.5 s' 1 ; 16000 to 19999 mPa-s at 33 s -1 ; 20000 to 24999 mPa-s at 25 s -1 ; 25000 to 29999 mPa-s at 20 s -1 ; 30000 to 39999 mPa-s at 17 s -1 ; 40000 to 59999 mPa-s at 10 s -1 ; 60000 to 149999 at 5 s
- a three-stage measuring program consisting of a run-in phase, a pre-shear and a viscosity measurement.
- the run-in phase is carried out by gradually increasing the shear rate within one minute to the shear rate specified above, which depends on the expected viscosity, at which the measurement is to be carried out.
- pre-shearing is carried out for 30 s at a constant shear rate, then 25 individual measurements are carried out for 4.8 s each to determine the viscosity, from which the average value is determined.
- the average value corresponds to the dynamic viscosity, which is given in mPa-s.
- the quotient of the critical stress intensity factor K lc of the cured compositions according to the invention consisting of 85 parts by weight of cyanate ester resin (A) and 15 parts by weight of compound (B) to the respective cured, unmodified cyanate ester resin (A) is preferably greater than 1.4, particularly preferably greater than 1.5, in particular greater than 1.6, in each case measured at 23°C.
- the cured compositions according to the invention for example from 85 parts by weight of cyanate ester resin (A) and 15 parts by weight of compound (B), have a glass transition temperature of preferably greater than 200°C, particularly preferably greater than 230°C, in particular greater than 260°C.
- the cured compositions according to the invention for example from 85 parts by weight of cyanate ester resin (A) and 15 parts by weight of compound (B), after 200 hours of storage at 240°C, have a weight loss which is preferably at most 80%, preferably at most 60%, particularly preferably at most 40%, in particular at most 20%, higher compared to the corresponding unmodified cyanate ester resins (A).
- compositions according to the invention have the advantage that copolymer (B) is miscible with cyanate ester resin (A) without addition of further solvent and copolymer (B) does not exude from the duromer network during curing.
- compositions according to the invention have the advantage that they have a high glass transition temperature and a high fracture toughness (K lc ) in the cured state compared to the corresponding unmodified cyanate ester resins.
- compositions according to the invention also have the advantage that they have a high thermo-oxidative stability in the cured state.
- the molded bodies according to the invention have the advantage that they are heat stable and have a reduced fire load compared to composite materials made of purely organic cyanate ester resin systems.
- compositions according to the invention have the advantage that they can be prepared from easily accessible raw materials and in a simple manner.
- the compositions according to the invention have the advantage that no harmful emissions are generated during processing to the extent that they usually occur with organic cyanate ester resins used according to the state of the art.
- the cyanate ester resin (A) was heated to 80°C while being thoroughly mixed to improve processability.
- Copolymer (B) was then added, the mixture was homogenized on a Rotavapor for one hour at 110°C, then degassed for one hour at 110°C and a pressure of 5 mbar and, after breaking the vacuum with nitrogen, immediately filled hot into a 2-part screwable aluminum casting mold preheated to 160°C; the mold cavity dimensions were 200 mm x 100 mm x 6.5 mm (length x width x height) for producing the test specimens for determining the fracture toughness, the thermo-oxidative stability and for carrying out the dynamic mechanical analysis (DMA).
- DMA dynamic mechanical analysis
- the mold cavity surface on the inside of the mold was treated with a mold release agent (LOCTITE FREKOTE HMT- 2; available from Henkel AG & Co. KGaA, DE-Düsseldorf) and a 2 mm thick round cord was placed around the mold cavity.
- LOCTITE FREKOTE HMT- 2 available from Henkel AG & Co. KGaA, DE-Düsseldorf
- a 2 mm thick round cord was placed around the mold cavity.
- fluororubber made of fluororubber with a hardness of 75 Shore A.
- the specimen was then allowed to cool to ambient temperature in the mold before being removed from the mold.
- the top 10 mm of the hardened specimen side which was open and exposed to air during curing in the mold, was cut off and discarded.
- the test specimens for measuring fracture toughness, thermo-oxidative stability and DMA were then cut out of the large hardened specimen plate with a height of 6.5 mm in the corresponding dimensions length x width using a diamond cutting saw.
- Measurement conditions Measuring device: ARES rheometer (TA-Instruments)
- thermo-oxidative stability was determined gravimetrically after storing the test specimens at 240°C.
- the test specimens were first dried in a vacuum oven at 70°C and 30 mbar until the weight was constant, with the weight being determined at intervals of 24 hours. The test specimens were considered "dry” if no further weight loss was measured over a period of 48 hours.
- the test specimens were then stored in a convection oven at 240°C. After 200 hours, the test specimens were removed and the weight of the test specimens was determined again.
- the weight loss was calculated according to In Table 1, the
- the compatibility of the compound (B) with cyanate ester resins (A) was assessed using the test specimens produced directly after curing.
- the copolymer 1 has a Weight average molecular weight Mw of 4600 g/mol and a
- GAS 1156-51-0 2,2-bis(4-cyanatophenyl)propane
- Example Bl The procedure described in Example Bl was repeated with the modification that no component (B) was added to component (A).
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Abstract
Description
Claims
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| PCT/EP2023/059592 WO2024213237A1 (de) | 2023-04-12 | 2023-04-12 | Härtbare organosiloxan-modifizierte reaktionsharze |
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| EP (1) | EP4669691A1 (de) |
| JP (1) | JP2026514061A (de) |
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| CN105331104B (zh) * | 2015-12-12 | 2018-09-25 | 苏州大学 | 一种改性热固性树脂及其制备方法 |
| CN111500247B (zh) * | 2019-01-30 | 2022-04-19 | 宁波祢若电子科技有限公司 | 一种胶黏剂及其在电致变色领域的应用 |
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2023
- 2023-04-12 EP EP23720053.0A patent/EP4669691A1/de active Pending
- 2023-04-12 CN CN202380096109.7A patent/CN121175361A/zh active Pending
- 2023-04-12 WO PCT/EP2023/059592 patent/WO2024213237A1/de not_active Ceased
- 2023-04-12 KR KR1020257036098A patent/KR20250163398A/ko active Pending
- 2023-04-12 JP JP2025559607A patent/JP2026514061A/ja active Pending
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| WO2024213237A1 (de) | 2024-10-17 |
| CN121175361A (zh) | 2025-12-19 |
| JP2026514061A (ja) | 2026-05-01 |
| KR20250163398A (ko) | 2025-11-20 |
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