EP4668484A1 - Antenneneinheit, antennenanordnung, gruppenantenne und signalverarbeitungsverfahren - Google Patents

Antenneneinheit, antennenanordnung, gruppenantenne und signalverarbeitungsverfahren

Info

Publication number
EP4668484A1
EP4668484A1 EP23929535.5A EP23929535A EP4668484A1 EP 4668484 A1 EP4668484 A1 EP 4668484A1 EP 23929535 A EP23929535 A EP 23929535A EP 4668484 A1 EP4668484 A1 EP 4668484A1
Authority
EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
slot
circularly polarized
main radiating
antenna
electromagnetic signal
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Pending
Application number
EP23929535.5A
Other languages
English (en)
French (fr)
Other versions
EP4668484A4 (de
Inventor
Congsong SHEN
Hua Cai
Liang Hu
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Huawei Technologies Co Ltd
Original Assignee
Huawei Technologies Co Ltd
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Huawei Technologies Co Ltd filed Critical Huawei Technologies Co Ltd
Publication of EP4668484A1 publication Critical patent/EP4668484A1/de
Publication of EP4668484A4 publication Critical patent/EP4668484A4/de
Pending legal-status Critical Current

Links

Classifications

    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
    • H01Q21/00—Antenna arrays or systems
    • H01Q21/06—Arrays of individually energised antenna units similarly polarised and spaced apart
    • H01Q21/061—Two dimensional planar arrays
    • H01Q21/065—Patch antenna array
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
    • H01Q15/00—Devices for reflection, refraction, diffraction or polarisation of waves radiated from an antenna, e.g. quasi-optical devices
    • H01Q15/24—Polarising devices; Polarisation filters 
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
    • H01Q21/00—Antenna arrays or systems
    • H01Q21/24—Combinations of antenna units polarised in different directions for transmitting or receiving circularly and elliptically polarised waves or waves linearly polarised in any direction
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
    • H01Q21/00—Antenna arrays or systems
    • H01Q21/24—Combinations of antenna units polarised in different directions for transmitting or receiving circularly and elliptically polarised waves or waves linearly polarised in any direction
    • H01Q21/245—Combinations of antenna units polarised in different directions for transmitting or receiving circularly and elliptically polarised waves or waves linearly polarised in any direction provided with means for varying the polarisation 
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
    • H01Q3/00—Arrangements for changing or varying the orientation or the shape of the directional pattern of the waves radiated from an antenna or antenna system
    • H01Q3/26—Arrangements for changing or varying the orientation or the shape of the directional pattern of the waves radiated from an antenna or antenna system varying the relative phase or relative amplitude of energisation between two or more active radiating elements; varying the distribution of energy across a radiating aperture
    • H01Q3/30—Arrangements for changing or varying the orientation or the shape of the directional pattern of the waves radiated from an antenna or antenna system varying the relative phase or relative amplitude of energisation between two or more active radiating elements; varying the distribution of energy across a radiating aperture varying the relative phase between the radiating elements of an array
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
    • H01Q9/00—Electrically-short antennas having dimensions not more than twice the operating wavelength and consisting of conductive active radiating elements
    • H01Q9/04—Resonant antennas
    • H01Q9/0407—Substantially flat resonant element parallel to ground plane, e.g. patch antenna
    • H01Q9/0414—Substantially flat resonant element parallel to ground plane, e.g. patch antenna in a stacked or folded configuration
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
    • H01Q9/00—Electrically-short antennas having dimensions not more than twice the operating wavelength and consisting of conductive active radiating elements
    • H01Q9/04—Resonant antennas
    • H01Q9/0407—Substantially flat resonant element parallel to ground plane, e.g. patch antenna
    • H01Q9/0428—Substantially flat resonant element parallel to ground plane, e.g. patch antenna radiating a circular polarised wave
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
    • H01Q9/00—Electrically-short antennas having dimensions not more than twice the operating wavelength and consisting of conductive active radiating elements
    • H01Q9/04—Resonant antennas
    • H01Q9/0407—Substantially flat resonant element parallel to ground plane, e.g. patch antenna
    • H01Q9/045—Substantially flat resonant element parallel to ground plane, e.g. patch antenna with particular feeding means
    • H01Q9/0457—Substantially flat resonant element parallel to ground plane, e.g. patch antenna with particular feeding means electromagnetically coupled to the feed line

Definitions

  • This application relates to the field of antenna technologies, and in particular, to an antenna element, an antenna array, an array antenna, and a signal processing method.
  • an antenna gradually evolves from a passive antenna to an active antenna, and from a fixed-beam antenna system to a beamforming-capable smart antenna system. Therefore, an active phased array antenna is also introduced into the mobile communication system for use.
  • the active phased array antenna system 10 in a related technology is shown in FIG. 1 .
  • the active phased array antenna system 10 includes an antenna array 11.
  • a back end of the antenna array 11 is connected to active devices such as a receiver/transmitter module (Transmitter and Receiver, TR) component 12, a phase shifter 13, and the like.
  • the active phased array antenna system adjusts a phase of an antenna through the phase shifter 13, and performs beam combination in space through electromagnetic interference and superposition, to implement spatial beamforming.
  • the beamforming for the antenna can improve a system anti-interference capability of the communication system, increase a transmission distance, improve spectrum utilization, and significantly increase a system capacity.
  • the active phased array antenna also brings some problems.
  • the reconfigurable antenna changes a characteristic of the antenna by loading a tuning material on the antenna, for example, a pin diode switch, a variable capacitance diode, a micro-electro-mechanical system (Micro-Electro-Mechanical System, MEMS) switch, or a liquid crystal material.
  • a tuning material for example, a pin diode switch, a variable capacitance diode, a micro-electro-mechanical system (Micro-Electro-Mechanical System, MEMS) switch, or a liquid crystal material.
  • MEMS Micro-Electro-Mechanical System
  • the reconfigurable antenna is classified into a frequency reconfigurable antenna, a pattern reconfigurable antenna, a polarization reconfigurable antenna, a phase reconfigurable antenna, a hybrid reconfigurable antenna (that is, with a plurality of characteristics that are all reconfigurable), and the like.
  • the phase reconfigurable antenna can usually achieve a 1-bit phase shift capability, but can hardly achieve a 2-bit phase shift capability.
  • a current phase reconfigurable antenna having the 2-bit phase shift capability is of a complex structure, and has a limited application scenario. Therefore, an antenna structure with a simple structure and a wider application scenario needs to be further studied.
  • the antenna element is of a simple structure, supports capabilities such as circular polarization and linear polarization, and has a wider application scenario.
  • this application provides an antenna element, including a circularly polarized phase shift element and a polarization conversion element.
  • the circularly polarized phase shift element and the polarization conversion element are stacked, and a coupling cavity is provided between the circularly polarized phase shift element and the polarization conversion element layer.
  • the circularly polarized phase shift element transmits a circularly polarized electromagnetic signal to the polarization conversion element through the coupling cavity.
  • the circularly polarized phase shift element is disposed in a stacked manner, so that the antenna element can transmit and receive the circularly polarized electromagnetic signal; and the polarization conversion element is disposed, so that the antenna element can convert the circularly polarized electromagnetic signal into a target linearly polarized electromagnetic signal or a target circularly polarized electromagnetic signal, or directly transmit the circularly polarized electromagnetic signal.
  • the antenna element may transmit and receive a circularly polarized electromagnetic signal, or may transmit and receive a linearly polarized electromagnetic signal.
  • the antenna element is applicable to a satellite communication system, and is also applicable to a mobile communication system, to improve applicability of the antenna element and expand application scenarios of the antenna element.
  • the coupling cavity is provided between the circularly polarized phase shift element and the polarization conversion element that are stacked, so that transmission of the circularly polarized electromagnetic signal can be performed between the circularly polarized phase shift element and the polarization conversion element.
  • the circularly polarized phase shift element includes a main radiating element layer, where the main radiating element layer is located at an end that is of the circularly polarized phase shift element and that is close to the coupling cavity.
  • the circularly polarized phase shift element is disposed to include the main radiating element layer, so that the circularly polarized phase shift element has a function of transmitting and receiving a circularly polarized electromagnetic signal.
  • the main radiating element layer is disposed at the end that is of the circularly polarized phase shift element and that is close to the coupling cavity. Because the coupling cavity is of a cavity structure, assembly space is large. In this way, the main radiating element layer can be conveniently assembled on the circularly polarized phase shift element.
  • the main radiating element layer is close to the coupling cavity, so that when the circularly polarized electromagnetic signal is transmitted to the coupling cavity, a dielectric loss can be reduced, and performance of the antenna element can be improved.
  • the circularly polarized phase shift element further includes a feed network layer, where the feed network layer and the main radiating element layer are stacked, and the feed network layer is located at an end that is of the circularly polarized phase shift element and that is away from the polarization conversion element.
  • the feed network layer is electrically connected to the main radiating element layer, and the feed network layer is configured to feed the main radiating element layer.
  • the feed network layer includes a feed network, and the feed network is disposed on a surface that is of the feed network layer and that is away from the main radiating element layer.
  • the feed network layer is disposed to include the feed network, so that the feed network layer can feed the main radiating element layer through the feed network.
  • the feed network is disposed on the surface that is of the feed network layer and that is away from the main radiating element layer, so that the feed network has large assembly space, to facilitate assembly.
  • the main radiating element layer includes a main radiating element, where the main radiating element is configured to transmit the circularly polarized electromagnetic signal to the coupling cavity; and the main radiating element is disposed on a surface that is of the main radiating element layer and that is close to the coupling cavity.
  • the main radiating element is disposed on the surface that is of the main radiating element layer and that is close to the coupling cavity, so that assembly space can be expanded, to facilitate mounting.
  • the feed network is electrically connected to the main radiating element, and the feed network is configured to feed the main radiating element, to cause the main radiating element to transmit the circularly polarized electromagnetic signal to the coupling cavity.
  • a height of the coupling cavity in a direction from the circularly polarized phase shift element to the polarization conversion element is less than 0.5 ⁇ , where ⁇ represents a medium wavelength corresponding to a center frequency of a resonance frequency of the main radiating element.
  • the height of the coupling cavity is set to be less than 0.5 ⁇ , to ensure high efficiency of transmission between the circularly polarized phase shift element and the polarization conversion element.
  • a control switch is disposed on the surface that is of the feed network layer and that is away from the main radiating element, and the control switch includes a plurality of control bits, where each of the control bits is electrically connected to the main radiating element, different control bits are connected to the main radiating element at different positions, and a plurality of feed points are formed at joints between the plurality of control bits and the main radiating element.
  • the control switch is disposed on the surface that is of the feed network layer and that is away from the main radiating element, so that assembly space of the control switch can be expanded, to facilitate assembly.
  • the control switch is configured as a structure including a plurality of control bits, so that the main radiating element has a plurality of feed points.
  • feed positions on the main radiating element can be changed by controlling different control bits to be turned on or off, and a plurality of phase changes in circular polarization can be implemented by changing the feed positions, to achieve a phase shift capability of the antenna apparatus. For example, through change of the feed positions, four phase changes of 0°, 90°, 180°, and 270°in circular polarization can be implemented, and a 2-bit phase shift capability of the antenna element can be achieved.
  • the feed network feeds the main radiating element at a feed point corresponding to the control bit in the on state.
  • control bit of the plurality of control bits when one control bit of the plurality of control bits is in the on state, all other control bits in the plurality of control bits are in an off state.
  • the antenna element when the antenna element operates, only one control bit is in the on state, and all the other control bits are in the off state.
  • the main radiating element is fed at only one position, which may also be referred to as single-point feeding.
  • switching between the control bit in the on state and the control bit in the off state may be performed.
  • the plurality of feed points are disposed around a geometric center of the main radiating element, distances from the plurality of feed points to the geometric center of the main radiating element are all the same, and each included angle between connection lines from two adjacent feed points to the geometric center of the main radiating element is the same.
  • the plurality of feed points are disposed around the geometric center of the main radiating element, and each included angle between the connection lines from two adjacent feed points to the geometric center of the main radiating element is the same, so that positions at which the main radiating element transmits the circularly polarized electromagnetic signal may be distributed around the geometric center of the main radiating element.
  • This can implement beam sweeping by an array antenna in a large angle range, to avoid a case in which omnidirectional coverage cannot be achieved during beam sweeping.
  • the distances from the plurality of feed points to the geometric center of the main radiating element are set to be all the same, so that when the main radiating element is fed at any feed point, the main radiating element has a same resonance frequency, a same axial ratio, and the like for transmitting the circularly polarized electromagnetic signal.
  • control switch includes four control bits, and four feed points corresponding to the control bits are disposed on the main radiating element, where the four feed points are disposed around the geometric center of the main radiating element, and each included angle between connection lines from two adjacent feed points to the geometric center of the main radiating element is 90°.
  • a quantity of control bits is set to four, and each included angle between connection lines from two adjacent feed points to the geometric center of the main radiating element is set to 90°, so that a phase difference between the two adjacent feed points is 90°.
  • four phase changes of 0°, 90°, 180°, and 270° in circular polarization can be implemented through rotational switching of the feed positions. Therefore, the 2-bit phase shift capability is achieved. In this way, after a plurality of antenna elements form the array antenna, beam sweeping by the array antenna in a large angle range can be implemented.
  • a cross-shaped slot is provided on the main radiating element; a region outside the cross-shaped slot is a region in which the feed points are disposed; and a geometric center of the cross-shaped slot coincides with the geometric center of the main radiating element.
  • the cross-shaped slot is provided on the main radiating element.
  • the cross-shaped slot can block an original transmission path of the electric field, so that the electric field propagates along an edge of the slot.
  • a longer length of the slot indicates more phases for electric field transmission.
  • the cross-shaped slot is provided, so that a moving path of the electric field on the main radiating element can be changed, to cause the phase difference between the horizontal component and the vertical component of the electric field to be generated.
  • the main radiating element may transmit the circularly polarized electromagnetic signal.
  • the feed points are disposed in a region outside the cross-shaped slot, so that positions at which the feed points are disposed are not in the cross-shaped slot, to ensure that the feed network can feed the main radiating element at the feed points.
  • the geometric center of the cross-shaped slot is set to coincide with the geometric center of the main radiating element, so that a structure of the antenna element can be symmetrical, thereby improving pattern performance of the antenna element.
  • the cross-shaped slot includes a first slot, a second slot, a third slot, and a fourth slot, where the first slot, the second slot, the third slot, and the fourth slot are in communication with each other at the geometric center of the cross-shaped slot.
  • the included angle between the straight line on which the first slot and the second slot are located and the straight line on which the third slot and the fourth slot are located is set to range from 86° to 94°, so that the straight line on which the first slot and the second slot are located is approximately perpendicular to the straight line on which the third slot and the fourth slot are located, and components of the cross-shaped slot in a horizontal direction and a vertical direction are approximately the same.
  • the main radiating element is a square patch
  • a size of the square patch can be reduced while a size of the cross-shaped slot is ensured, thereby facilitating miniaturization of the antenna element.
  • the main radiating element is a square patch element; and an included angle between any side edge of the square patch element and each of the first slot, the second slot, the third slot, and the fourth slot ranges from 43° to 47°.
  • the included angle between any side edge of the square patch element and each of the first slot, the second slot, the third slot, and the fourth slot is 45°.
  • a sum of lengths of the first slot and the second slot ranges from 0.15 ⁇ to 0.25 ⁇ ; and a sum of lengths of the third slot and the fourth slot ranges from 0.15 ⁇ to 0.25 ⁇ , where ⁇ represents the medium wavelength corresponding to the center frequency of the resonance frequency of the main radiating element.
  • the lengths of the first slot, the second slot, the third slot, and the fourth slot are all the same.
  • the first switch group and the second switch group are disposed, so that the sum of the lengths of the first slot and the second slot and the sum of the lengths of the third slot and the fourth slot can be changed, to change the moving path of the electric field on the main radiating element, that is, change the phase difference between the horizontal component and the vertical component of the electric field.
  • the main radiating element may transmit the circularly polarized electromagnetic signal.
  • the states of the first switch group and the second switch group are set to be different, so that the sum of the lengths of the first slot and the second slot may be different from the sum of the lengths of the third slot and the fourth slot, and the phase difference of 90° or 270° between the horizontal component and the vertical component of the electric field on the main radiating element can be generated, to generate the circularly polarized electromagnetic signal.
  • the first sub-switches and the second sub-switches are set to be both turned on or off, so that the main radiating element may be of a symmetrical structure. This helps improve pattern performance of the antenna element.
  • a proportion of a sum of lengths of the first slot and the second slot that are located between the two first sub-switches to the sum of the lengths of the first slot and the second slot ranges from 0.55 to 0.75; and a proportion of a sum of lengths of the third slot and the fourth slot that are located between the two second sub-switches to the sum of the lengths of the third slot and the fourth slot ranges from 0.55 to 0.75.
  • the sum of the lengths of the first slot and the second slot that are located between the two first sub-switches is in a unit of the length, and the sum of the lengths of the first slot and the second slot is also in a unit of the length.
  • the units of the sums are the same, for example, may be mm.
  • the proportion of a sum of lengths of the first slot and the second slot that are located between the two first sub-switches to the sum of the lengths of the first slot and the second slot is set to range from 0.55 to 0.75
  • the proportion of a sum of lengths of the third slot and the fourth slot that are located between the two second sub-switches to the sum of the lengths of the third slot and the fourth slot is set to range from 0.55 to 0.75, so that the phase difference of 90° or 270° between the horizontal component and the vertical component of the electric field on the main radiating element can be generated, and the main radiating element can transmit the circularly polarized electromagnetic signal.
  • the main radiating element layer further includes a control circuit, where the control circuit is electrically connected to both the first switch group and the second switch group, and the control circuit is configured to control the first switch group and the second switch group to be turned on or off.
  • control circuit is a direct current control circuit, and the control circuit controls, through a direct current, the first switch group and the second switch group to be turned on or off.
  • the first slot, the second slot, the third slot, and the fourth slot are all T-shaped slots, where a horizontal section of the T-shaped slot corresponding to the first slot is located at an end that is of the first slot and that is away from the geometric center of the main radiating element; a horizontal section of the T-shaped slot corresponding to the second slot is located at an end that is of the second slot and that is away from the geometric center of the main radiating element; a horizontal section of the T-shaped slot corresponding to the third slot is located at an end that is of the third slot and that is away from the geometric center of the main radiating element; and a horizontal section of the T-shaped slot corresponding to the fourth slot is located at an end that is of the fourth slot and that is away from the geometric center of the main radiating element.
  • the first slot, the second slot, the third slot, and the fourth slot are all T-shaped slots, so that a bandwidth and a standing wave of the antenna element can be improved, to improve performance of the antenna element.
  • a plurality of first connectors are disposed between the control switch and the main radiating element, where one control bit corresponds to one first connector, one end of the first connector is connected to the control bit, and the other end is connected to the main radiating element.
  • the first connectors are disposed between the control switch and the main radiating element, so that the control switch and the main radiating element can be electrically connected through the first connectors, to facilitate feeding the main radiating element.
  • the first connector may be a conductive copper pillar.
  • the circularly polarized phase shift element further includes a first ground plane, where a plurality of first vias are provided on the first ground plane, the first connectors pass through the first vias, and there is a gap between an outer wall of the first connector and a hole wall of the first via; and one first connector is disposed in one first via.
  • the first ground plane is disposed, so that some electrical signals of the feed network can be shielded, to prevent the feed network from interfering with the main radiating element.
  • the first vias are provided, and there is the gap between the outer wall of the first connector and the hole wall of the first via, to prevent an electrical signal on the feed network from being transmitted to the first ground plane, so as to further prevent the electrical signal on the first ground plane from causing electromagnetic interference to the main radiating element.
  • the first ground plane and the feed network are spaced apart from each other, and a first dielectric layer is disposed between the first ground plane and the feed network; the first ground plane and the main radiating element are spaced apart from each other, and a second dielectric layer is disposed between the first ground plane and the main radiating element; and a surface that is of the first ground plane and that is close to the feed network is connected to the first dielectric layer, and a surface that is of the first ground plane and that is close to the main radiating element is connected to the second dielectric layer.
  • the first dielectric layer and the second dielectric layer are disposed, to provide mounting positions for the first ground plane, the feed network, and the main radiating element.
  • the polarization conversion element includes a coupling element layer, where the coupling element layer is configured to transmit the circularly polarized electromagnetic signal to the coupling cavity; and a polarization direction of the coupling element layer and a polarization direction of the circularly polarized phase shift element are orthogonal to each other.
  • the polarization direction of the coupling element layer is a left-hand circular polarization direction, and the polarization direction of the circularly polarized phase shift element is a right-hand circular polarization direction; or the polarization direction of the coupling element layer is a right-hand circular polarization direction, and the polarization direction of the circularly polarized phase shift element is a left-hand circular polarization direction.
  • the polarization conversion element is disposed to include the coupling element layer, and the polarization direction of the coupling element layer and the polarization direction of the circularly polarized phase shift element are orthogonal to each other, so that transmission of the circularly polarized electromagnetic signal can be performed between the coupling element layer and the coupling cavity.
  • circularly polarized electromagnetic signals can be received and transmitted from and to each other only by same types.
  • a left-hand circularly polarized device can receive only a left-hand circularly polarized electromagnetic wave
  • a right-hand circularly polarized device can only receive a right-hand circularly polarized electromagnetic wave.
  • An uplink signal is used as an example.
  • the main radiating element layer transmits a left-hand circularly polarized electromagnetic signal
  • the coupling element layer and the main radiating element layer are disposed opposite to each other, from a perspective of the coupling element layer facing the main radiating element layer, the left-hand circularly polarized electromagnetic signal transmitted by the main radiating element layer is a right-hand circularly polarized electromagnetic signal. Therefore, only after a circular polarization direction of the coupling element layer is set to be orthogonal to that of the main radiating element, transmission of the circularly polarized electromagnetic signal can be performed between the coupling element layer and the coupling cavity.
  • the coupling element layer is located at an end that is of the polarization conversion element and that is close to the circularly polarized phase shift element; and the coupling element layer and the circularly polarized phase shift element are disposed opposite to each other, and the coupling cavity is provided between the coupling element layer and the circularly polarized phase shift element.
  • the coupling element layer is disposed at the end that is of the polarization conversion element and that is close to the circularly polarized phase shift element, so that there is no other apparatus than the coupling cavity between the coupling element layer and the circularly polarized phase shift element, to ensure efficiency of transmission between the coupling element layer and the circularly polarized phase shift element.
  • the polarization conversion element further includes a parasitic element layer, where the parasitic element layer is configured to convert the circularly polarized electromagnetic signal into a target linearly polarized electromagnetic signal or a target circularly polarized electromagnetic signal, or the parasitic element layer is configured to transmit the circularly polarized electromagnetic signal; or the parasitic element layer is configured to convert a target linearly polarized electromagnetic signal or a target circularly polarized electromagnetic signal into the circularly polarized electromagnetic signal, and transmit the circularly polarized electromagnetic signal to the coupling element layer.
  • the parasitic element layer is configured to convert the circularly polarized electromagnetic signal into a target linearly polarized electromagnetic signal or a target circularly polarized electromagnetic signal, or the parasitic element layer is configured to transmit the circularly polarized electromagnetic signal to the coupling element layer.
  • the parasitic element layer is disposed, so that the polarization conversion element can implement conversion between a circularly polarized electromagnetic signal and a linearly polarized electromagnetic signal, and the antenna element is applicable to satellite communication, mobile communication, and the like.
  • the coupling element layer and the parasitic element layer are stacked, and the parasitic element layer is located at an end that is of the polarization conversion element and that is away from the circularly polarized phase shift element; and the coupling element layer is electrically connected to the parasitic element layer.
  • the coupling element layer is electrically connected to the parasitic element layer, so that transmission between the coupling element layer and the parasitic element layer is performed through an electrical signal. This can improve efficiency of transmission between the coupling element layer and the parasitic element layer.
  • the coupling element layer includes a coupling patch
  • the coupling patch is disposed on a surface that is of the coupling element layer and that is away from the parasitic element layer, where a first cavity structure is provided in the middle of the coupling patch, a first connecting part is disposed in the middle of the first cavity structure, and the first connecting part and the coupling patch are located on a same plane.
  • the parasitic element layer includes a parasitic patch
  • the parasitic patch is disposed on a surface that is of the parasitic element layer and that is away from the coupling element layer, where a second cavity structure is provided in the middle of the parasitic patch, a second connecting part is disposed in the middle of the second cavity structure, and the second connecting part and the parasitic patch are located on a same plane.
  • a second connector is disposed between the parasitic patch and the coupling patch, where one end of the second connector is electrically connected to the first connecting part, and the other end is electrically connected to the second connecting part.
  • the first connecting part is disposed in the middle of the coupling patch
  • the second connecting part is disposed in the middle of the parasitic patch
  • the second connector is disposed between the parasitic patch and the coupling patch, so that the coupling patch and the parasitic patch can be electrically connected.
  • a joint between the coupling patch and the parasitic patch is disposed in the middle of the coupling patch and the middle of the parasitic patch, which is equivalent to center feeding between the coupling patch and the parasitic patch. This helps improve pattern performance of the antenna element.
  • the polarization conversion element further includes a second ground plane, where a second via is provided in the middle of the second ground plane, the second connector passes through the second via, and there is a gap between an outer wall of the second connector and a hole wall of the second via.
  • the second ground plane is disposed, so that some electromagnetic interference signals between some coupling patches and the parasitic patch can be shielded, to improve an anti-interference capability of the antenna element.
  • the second via is provided, and there is the gap between the outer wall of the second connector and the hole wall of the second via, to prevent an electrical signal on the feed network from being transmitted to the second ground plane, so as to further prevent the electrical signal on the second ground plane from causing electromagnetic interference to the parasitic patch.
  • the second ground plane and the parasitic patch are spaced apart from each other, and a parasitic dielectric layer is disposed between the second ground plane and the parasitic patch.
  • the second ground plane and the coupling patch are spaced apart from each other, and a coupling dielectric layer is disposed between the second ground plane and the coupling patch.
  • a surface that is of the second ground plane and that is close to the parasitic patch is connected to the parasitic dielectric layer, and a surface that is of the second ground plane and that is close to the coupling patch is connected to the coupling dielectric layer.
  • the parasitic dielectric layer and the coupling dielectric layer are disposed, to provide mounting positions for the second ground plane, the coupling patch, and the parasitic patch.
  • the parasitic patch is a linearly polarized patch element or a circularly polarized patch element.
  • the parasitic patch is in a shape of a square, a rectangle, a prism, a regular hexagon, or a circle; and the coupling patch is in a shape of a square, a rectangle, a prism, a regular hexagon, or a circle.
  • the parasitic patch or the coupling patch is designed to be in a shape of a square, a rectangle, a prism, a regular hexagon, or a circle, so that design flexibility of the antenna element can be improved.
  • an embodiment of this application provides an antenna array, including one or more antenna elements according to any implementation of the first aspect.
  • the antenna element according to the first aspect is disposed, so that the antenna array provided in embodiments of this application can achieve a 2-bit phase shift capability, can support capabilities such as circular polarization and linear polarization, and has flexible application scenarios, for example, can be used in scenarios such as satellite communication and mobile communication. After the antenna array is formed, beam sweeping by the antenna array in a large angle range can be implemented.
  • an embodiment of this application provides an array antenna, including one or more antenna elements according to any implementation of the first aspect, or including one or more antenna arrays according to any implementation of the second aspect.
  • different antenna elements in the antenna array have different operating frequencies.
  • the antenna element according to the first aspect and the antenna array according to the second aspect are disposed, so that the array antenna provided in embodiments of this application can achieve a 2-bit phase shift capability, can support capabilities such as circular polarization and linear polarization, and has flexible application scenarios, for example, can be used in scenarios such as satellite communication and mobile communication.
  • the array antenna After the array antenna is formed, beam sweeping by the array antenna in a large angle range can be implemented. Different operating frequencies are set for different antenna elements. This helps implement multi-band coverage.
  • an embodiment of this application provides a signal processing method, applied to an antenna apparatus.
  • the antenna apparatus includes a circularly polarized phase shift element, a polarization conversion element, and a coupling cavity between the circularly polarized phase shift element and the polarization conversion element.
  • the circularly polarized phase shift element and the polarization conversion element are stacked.
  • the circularly polarized phase shift element transmits a circularly polarized electromagnetic signal to the polarization conversion element through the coupling cavity.
  • the polarization conversion element converts the circularly polarized electromagnetic signal into a target linearly polarized electromagnetic signal or a target circularly polarized electromagnetic signal; or the polarization conversion element converts a target linearly polarized electromagnetic signal or a target circularly polarized electromagnetic signal into the circularly polarized electromagnetic signal; and the polarization conversion element transmits the converted circularly polarized electromagnetic signal to the circularly polarized phase shift element through the coupling cavity.
  • the antenna apparatus further includes a control element, and the control element is configured to control the circularly polarized phase shift element to transmit the circularly polarized electromagnetic signal to the coupling cavity.
  • the circularly polarized phase shift element includes a feed network and a main radiating element
  • the feed network includes a control switch
  • the control switch includes a plurality of control bits
  • each of the control bits is electrically connected to the main radiating element
  • a plurality of feed points are formed at joints between the plurality of control bits and the main radiating element.
  • the method further includes: The control element controls one control bit of the plurality of control bits to be turned on and all other control bits in the plurality of control bits to be turned off, to cause the feed network to feed the main radiating element at a feed point corresponding to the control bit in an on state.
  • the control element controls different control bits to be turned on or off, so that feed positions on the main radiating element can be changed, and a plurality of phase changes in circular polarization can be implemented by changing the feed positions, to achieve a phase shift capability of the antenna apparatus. For example, through change of the feed positions, four phase changes of 0°, 90°, 180°, and 270° in circular polarization can be implemented, and a 2-bit phase shift capability of the antenna element can be achieved.
  • a cross-shaped slot is provided on the main radiating element, and the cross-shaped slot includes a first slot, a second slot, a third slot, and a fourth slot.
  • the first slot, the second slot, the third slot, and the fourth slot are in communication with each other at a geometric center of the cross-shaped slot.
  • the first slot and the second slot are disposed opposite to each other and are located on a same straight line, and the third slot and the fourth slot are disposed opposite to each other and are located on a same straight line.
  • a first switch group and a second switch group are disposed on the cross-shaped slot.
  • the first switch group includes two first sub-switches, and the two first sub-switches are located between two end portions of the first slot and the second slot.
  • the second switch group includes two second sub-switches, and the two second sub-switches are located between two end portions of the third slot and the fourth slot. That the control element controls the circularly polarized phase shift element to transmit the circularly polarized electromagnetic signal to the coupling cavity includes: The control element controls the first switch group to be turned on and the second switch group to be turned off, to cause the main radiating element to transmit a left-hand polarized electromagnetic signal through the coupling cavity; or the control element controls the first switch group to be turned off and the second switch group to be turned on, to cause the main radiating element to transmit a right-hand polarized electromagnetic signal through the coupling cavity.
  • the control element controls the first switch group and the second switch group to be turned on or off, so that the sum of the lengths of the first slot and the second slot and the sum of the lengths of the third slot and the fourth slot can be changed, to change a moving path of an electric field on the main radiating element, that is, change a phase difference between a horizontal component and a vertical component of the electric field.
  • the main radiating element may transmit the circularly polarized electromagnetic signal.
  • an embodiment of this application provides a chip system, including: a communication interface, configured to input and/or output information; and a processor, configured to execute a computer program, to cause a device on which the chip system is installed to perform the method according to any implementation of the fourth aspect.
  • an embodiment of this application provides a computer-readable storage medium.
  • the storage medium stores a computer program or instructions, and when the computer program or the instructions are executed, the method according to any implementation of the fourth aspect is implemented.
  • an antenna evolves from a passive antenna to an active antenna, and from a fixed-beam antenna system to a beamforming-capable smart antenna system. Therefore, an active phased array antenna is also introduced into the mobile communication system for use.
  • the active phased array antenna is widely used.
  • the active phased array antenna is widely used in fields such as cellular mobile communication, satellite communication, and radar.
  • the active phased array antenna has a strong anti-interference capability, and has features such as an increase in a throughput of an antenna system and large coverage.
  • a large quantity of active devices such as a T/R component and a phase shifter need to be disposed at a back end of an antenna array, costs per unit area of the antenna system are greatly increased, and system power consumption is rapidly increased.
  • the active phased array antenna can hardly meet an application requirement.
  • a beamforming antenna system with high performance and low costs is needed to better adapt to the application requirement.
  • a reconfigurable antenna may change a characteristic of the antenna by adjusting a tuning material loaded on an antenna element, for example, a pin diode switch, a variable capacitance diode, a micro-electro-mechanical system (Micro-Electro-Mechanical System, MEMS) switch, or a liquid crystal material, to implement flexible configuration of antenna performance without needing a conventional device like the phase shifter.
  • a tuning material loaded on an antenna element for example, a pin diode switch, a variable capacitance diode, a micro-electro-mechanical system (Micro-Electro-Mechanical System, MEMS) switch, or a liquid crystal material, to implement flexible configuration of antenna performance without needing a conventional device like the phase shifter.
  • MEMS Micro-Electro-Mechanical System
  • semiconductor switches such as the pin diode switch and the variable capacitance diode have a low price and low system power consumption. Therefore, a basic function of the active phased array antenna can be better implemented through the reconfigurable antenna, and problems of high costs and high system power consumption can be resolved.
  • FIG. 2 is a diagram of a structure of a phase reconfigurable antenna system 20.
  • the phase reconfigurable antenna system 20 includes an antenna array 21, the antenna array 21 has a phase shift function, and the phase reconfigurable antenna system 20 may also perform beam sweeping.
  • an antenna element of the phase reconfigurable antenna system 20 has a phase shift function, and therefore, active devices such as a T/R component and a phase shifter do not need to be disposed, so that costs of the antenna system can be greatly reduced, and system power consumption can be reduced.
  • the array antenna 300 is a phase reconfigurable antenna.
  • the array antenna 300 may be used in a communication system.
  • the communication system may be a satellite communication system, a cellular mobile communication system, a global system for mobile communications (global system for mobile communications, GSM) system, a code division multiple access (code division multiple access, CDMA) system, a wideband code division multiple access (wideband code division multiple access, WCDMA) system, a general packet radio service (general packet radio service, GPRS) system, a long term evolution (long term evolution, LTE) system, an LTE frequency division duplex (frequency division duplex, FDD) system, an LTE time division duplex (time division duplex, TDD) system, an advanced long term evolution (advanced long term evolution, LTE-A) system, a new radio (New Radio, NR) system, an evolution system of the NR system, an LTE-based access to unlicensed band (LTE-based access to unlicensed spectrum, LTE-U
  • GSM global system
  • the array antenna 300 may include a plurality of antenna arrays 200, and each antenna array 200 may include a plurality of antenna elements 100.
  • quantities of antenna elements 100 included in different antenna arrays 200 may be different.
  • a quantity of antenna elements 100 included in each antenna array 200 on the array antenna 300 is not further limited.
  • the antenna array 200 provided in embodiments of this application can achieve a multi-bit phase shift capability through the antenna element 100 of the antenna array 200, can support capabilities such as circular polarization and linear polarization, and has flexible application scenarios, for example, can be used in scenarios such as satellite communication and mobile communication. After the antenna array is formed, beam sweeping by the antenna array in a large angle range can be implemented.
  • An embodiment of this application further provides an antenna array 200.
  • the antenna array 200 may include at least one antenna element 100, and the at least one antenna element 100 is disposed in a row. Phases of electromagnetic waves generated between two adjacent antenna elements 100 may be the same or different, and operating frequencies of different antenna elements 100 in the antenna array 200 may be the same or different.
  • the antenna array 200 When the antenna elements 100 form the antenna array 200 based on a half wavelength, the antenna array 200 provided in embodiments of this application can achieve the multi-bit phase shift capability through the antenna element 100, so that no phase shift device needs to be added, and costs and power consumption are reduced, can support capabilities such as circular polarization and linear polarization, and has flexible application scenarios, for example, can be used in scenarios such as satellite communication and mobile communication.
  • a scanning pattern of the antenna array has a good gain in each direction, in other words, beam sweeping of the antenna array 200 has a large angle range.
  • Different operating frequencies are set for different antenna elements 100. This helps implement multi-band coverage.
  • the antenna element 100 in the array antenna 300 and the antenna array 200 is described in detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings.
  • an embodiment of this application provides an antenna element 100, which may be used in a reconfigurable antenna.
  • the antenna element 100 may include a circularly polarized phase shift element 120 and a polarization conversion element 110, and a coupling cavity 130 is provided between the circularly polarized phase shift element 120 and the polarization conversion element 110 layer.
  • the circularly polarized phase shift element 120 transmits a circularly polarized electromagnetic signal (for example, a circularly polarized wave in FIG. 5 ) to the polarization conversion element 110 through the coupling cavity 130.
  • the polarization conversion element 110 is further configured to convert the circularly polarized electromagnetic signal into a target linearly polarized electromagnetic signal or a target circularly polarized electromagnetic signal (a target signal in FIG.
  • the polarization conversion element 110 is further configured to transmit the circularly polarized electromagnetic signal; or the polarization conversion element 110 is further configured to: convert a target linearly polarized electromagnetic signal or a target circularly polarized electromagnetic signal into the circularly polarized electromagnetic signal, and transmit the circularly polarized electromagnetic signal to the coupling cavity 130.
  • both signals received and transmitted by the polarization conversion element 110 may be used as target signals.
  • the polarization conversion element 110 is configured to transmit the circularly polarized electromagnetic signal
  • the circularly polarized electromagnetic signal may also be used as a target signal.
  • the circularly polarized phase shift element 120 is disposed in a stacked manner, so that the antenna element 100 can transmit and receive the circularly polarized electromagnetic signal; and the polarization conversion element 110 is disposed, so that the antenna element 100 can convert the circularly polarized electromagnetic signal into a target linearly polarized electromagnetic signal or a target circularly polarized electromagnetic signal, or directly transmit the circularly polarized electromagnetic signal.
  • the antenna element 100 may transmit and receive a circularly polarized electromagnetic signal, or may transmit and receive a linearly polarized electromagnetic signal.
  • the antenna element 100 is applicable to a satellite communication system, and is also applicable to a mobile communication system, to improve applicability of the antenna element 100 and expand application scenarios of the antenna element 100.
  • the coupling cavity 130 is provided between the circularly polarized phase shift element 120 and the polarization conversion element 110 that are stacked, so that transmission of the circularly polarized electromagnetic signal can be performed between the circularly polarized phase shift element 120 and the polarization conversion element 110.
  • the circularly polarized phase shift element 120 and the polarization conversion element 110 are stacked.
  • the circularly polarized phase shift element 120 may include a main radiating element layer 122 and a feed network layer 121.
  • the feed network layer 121 and the main radiating element layer 122 are stacked.
  • the main radiating element layer 122 is located at an end that is of the circularly polarized phase shift element 120 and that is close to the coupling cavity 130
  • the feed network layer 121 is located at an end that is of the circularly polarized phase shift element 120 and that is away from the polarization conversion element 110.
  • the circularly polarized phase shift element 120 may generate the circularly polarized electromagnetic signal, and may cause the antenna element 100 to have a multi-bit phase shift capability.
  • the circularly polarized phase shift element 120 may generate the circularly polarized electromagnetic signal, and may cause the antenna element 100 to have a 2-bit phase shift capability.
  • a first ground plane 123 may be further disposed between the main radiating element layer 122 and the feed network layer 121.
  • the first ground plane 123 is fastened to both the main radiating element layer 122 and the feed network layer 121.
  • the first ground plane 123 is configured to shield some electrical signals at the feed network layer 121, so as to prevent a feed network 1211 from interfering with a main radiating element 1221.
  • the feed network layer 121 may include the feed network 1211 and a first dielectric layer 1212.
  • the feed network 1211 is disposed on a surface that is of the feed network layer 121 and that is away from the main radiating element layer 122, in other words, the feed network 1211 is disposed on a surface that is of the first dielectric layer 1212 and that is away from the first ground plane 123.
  • the first dielectric layer 1212 may be fastened to the first ground plane 123.
  • the feed network 1211 is disposed at an outermost layer of the antenna element 100, so that the feed network 1211 has larger assembly space to facilitate assembly, compared with a case in which the feed network 1211 is disposed on the surface that is of the first dielectric layer 1212 and that is opposite to the first ground plane 123.
  • the main radiating element layer 122 may include the main radiating element 1221 and a second dielectric layer 1222.
  • the main radiating element 1221 is configured to transmit a circularly polarized electromagnetic signal (for example, a circularly polarized wave in FIG. 8 ) to the coupling cavity 130.
  • the main radiating element 1221 is disposed on a surface that is of the main radiating element layer 122 and that is close to the coupling cavity 130, in other words, the main radiating element 1221 is disposed on a surface that is of the second dielectric layer 1222 and that is away from the first ground plane 123.
  • the second dielectric layer 1222 is fastened to the first ground plane 123.
  • the first dielectric layer 1212 and the second dielectric layer 1222 are disposed, to provide mounting positions for the first ground plane 123, the feed network 1211, and the main radiating element 1221.
  • materials and sizes of the first dielectric layer 1212 and the second dielectric layer are not further limited.
  • the main radiating element 1221 is disposed at the end that is of the circularly polarized phase shift element 120 and that is close to the coupling cavity 130. Because the coupling cavity 130 is of a cavity structure, assembly space is large. In this way, the main radiating element 1221 can be conveniently assembled at the main radiating element layer 122. In addition, the main radiating element 1221 is close to the coupling cavity 130, so that when the circularly polarized electromagnetic signal is transmitted to the coupling cavity 130, a dielectric loss can be reduced, and performance of the antenna element 100 can be improved.
  • the polarization conversion element 110 may include a coupling element layer 111 and a parasitic element layer 112.
  • the coupling element layer 111 and the parasitic element layer 112 are stacked, and the coupling element layer 111 may be electrically connected to the parasitic element layer 112.
  • the coupling element layer 111 is located at an end that is of the polarization conversion element 110 and that is close to the circularly polarized phase shift element 120
  • the parasitic element layer 112 is located at an end that is of the polarization conversion element 110 and that is away from the circularly polarized phase shift element 120.
  • the coupling element layer 111 and the circularly polarized phase shift element 120 are disposed opposite to each other, and the coupling cavity 130 is located between the coupling element layer 111 and the circularly polarized phase shift element 120.
  • the coupling element layer 111 is configured to transmit the circularly polarized electromagnetic signal to the coupling cavity 130.
  • the parasitic element layer 112 is configured to convert the circularly polarized electromagnetic signal into a target linearly polarized electromagnetic signal or a target circularly polarized electromagnetic signal, or the parasitic element layer 112 is configured to transmit the circularly polarized electromagnetic signal; or the parasitic element layer 112 is configured to: convert a target linearly polarized electromagnetic signal or a target circularly polarized electromagnetic signal into the circularly polarized electromagnetic signal, and transmit the circularly polarized electromagnetic signal to the coupling element layer 111.
  • the coupling element layer 111 is configured to: receive the circularly polarized electromagnetic signal in the coupling cavity 130, and transmit the circularly polarized electromagnetic signal to the parasitic element layer 112.
  • the parasitic element layer 112 converts the received circularly polarized electromagnetic signal into a target linearly polarized electromagnetic signal or a target circularly polarized electromagnetic signal, and transmits the target linearly polarized electromagnetic signal or the target circularly polarized electromagnetic signal to space.
  • the coupling element layer 111 is configured to: receive the circularly polarized electromagnetic signal in the coupling cavity 130, and transmit the circularly polarized electromagnetic signal to the parasitic element layer 112.
  • the parasitic element layer 112 directly transmits the received circularly polarized electromagnetic signal to space.
  • the parasitic element layer 112 converts a target linearly polarized electromagnetic signal or a target circularly polarized electromagnetic signal received from space into the circularly polarized electromagnetic signal, and transmits the circularly polarized electromagnetic signal to the coupling element layer 111. Then, the circularly polarized phase shift element 120 receives the circularly polarized electromagnetic signal, and converts the circularly polarized electromagnetic signal into a corresponding electrical signal.
  • both the circularly polarized electromagnetic signal and the target circularly polarized electromagnetic signal are circularly polarized waves, but are circularly polarized signals whose polarization directions or radiation frequencies are not completely the same.
  • the target circularly polarized signal and the circularly polarized electromagnetic signal may be two circularly polarized electromagnetic signals differing in only polarization directions.
  • the circularly polarized electromagnetic signal is a right-hand circularly polarized signal
  • the target circularly polarized signal is a left-hand circularly polarized signal.
  • the target circularly polarized electromagnetic signal may be the circularly polarized electromagnetic signal.
  • a polarization direction of the coupling element layer 111 and a polarization direction of the circularly polarized phase shift element 120 are orthogonal to each other.
  • the polarization direction of the coupling element layer 111 is a left-hand circular polarization direction
  • the polarization direction of the circularly polarized phase shift element 120 is a right-hand circular polarization direction
  • the polarization direction of the coupling element layer 111 is a right-hand circular polarization direction
  • the polarization direction of the circularly polarized phase shift element 120 is a left-hand circular polarization direction.
  • a left-hand circularly polarized device can receive only a left-hand circularly polarized electromagnetic wave
  • a right-hand circularly polarized device can only receive a right-hand circularly polarized electromagnetic wave.
  • the uplink direction is used as an example.
  • the main radiating element layer 122 transmits a left-hand circularly polarized electromagnetic signal
  • the coupling element layer 111 and the main radiating element layer 122 are disposed opposite to each other, from a perspective of the coupling element layer 111 facing the main radiating element layer 122, the left-hand circularly polarized electromagnetic signal transmitted by the main radiating element layer 122 is a right-hand circularly polarized electromagnetic signal. Therefore, only after a circular polarization direction of the coupling element layer 111 is set to be orthogonal to that of the main radiating element 1221, transmission of the circularly polarized electromagnetic signal can be performed between the coupling element layer 111 and the coupling cavity 130.
  • the coupling element layer 111 includes a coupling patch 1111.
  • the coupling patch 1111 is disposed on a surface that is of the coupling element layer 111 and that is away from the parasitic element layer 112, in other words, the coupling patch 1111 is disposed on a surface that is of the polarization conversion element 110 and that is close to the coupling cavity 130.
  • the coupling patch 1111 is disposed at the end that is of the polarization conversion element 110 and that is close to the circularly polarized phase shift element 120, so that there is no other apparatus than the coupling cavity 130 between the coupling patch 1111 and the circularly polarized phase shift element 120, to ensure efficiency of transmission between the coupling element layer 111 and the circularly polarized phase shift element 120.
  • the parasitic element layer 112 includes a parasitic patch 1121, the parasitic patch 1121 is disposed on a surface that is of the parasitic element layer 112 and that is away from the coupling element layer 111, and the coupling patch 1111 is electrically connected to the parasitic patch 1121.
  • the coupling patch 1111 is electrically connected to the parasitic element layer 112, so that transmission between the coupling element layer 111 and the parasitic element layer 112 is performed through an electrical signal. This can improve efficiency of transmission between the coupling element layer 111 and the parasitic element layer 112.
  • the polarization conversion element 110 may further include a second ground plane 113.
  • the second ground plane 113 and the parasitic patch 1121 are spaced apart from each other, and a parasitic dielectric layer 1122 is disposed between the second ground plane 113 and the parasitic patch 1121.
  • the second ground plane 113 and the coupling patch 1111 are spaced apart from each other, and a coupling dielectric layer 1112 is disposed between the second ground plane 113 and the coupling patch 1111.
  • a surface that is of the second ground plane 113 and that is close to the parasitic patch 1121 is connected to the parasitic dielectric layer 1122, and a surface that is of the second ground plane 113 and that is close to the coupling patch 1111 is connected to the coupling dielectric layer 1112.
  • the polarization conversion element 110 may further include a second connector 114, where one end of the second connector 114 is electrically connected to the coupling patch 1111, and the other end is electrically connected to the parasitic patch 1121.
  • a second via 1131 is provided in the middle of the second ground plane 113, the second connector 114 passes through the second via 1131, and there is a gap between an outer wall of the second connector 114 and a hole wall of the second via 1131.
  • the second ground plane 113 is disposed, so that some electromagnetic interference signals between some coupling patches 1111 and the parasitic patch 1121 can be shielded, to improve an anti-interference capability of the antenna element 100.
  • the parasitic dielectric layer 1122 and the coupling dielectric layer 1112 are disposed, to provide mounting positions for the second ground plane 113, the coupling patch 1111, and the parasitic patch 1121.
  • the second via 1131 is provided, and there is the gap between the outer wall of the second connector 114 and the hole wall of the second via 1131, to prevent an electrical signal on the feed network 1211 from being transmitted to the second ground plane 113, so as to further prevent the electrical signal on the second ground plane 113 from causing electromagnetic interference to the parasitic patch 1121.
  • materials and sizes of the parasitic dielectric layer 1122 and the coupling dielectric layer 1112 are not further limited.
  • a height H of the coupling cavity 130 in a direction (z direction) from the circularly polarized phase shift element 120 to the polarization conversion element 110 is less than 0.5 ⁇ , where ⁇ represents a medium wavelength corresponding to a center frequency of a resonance frequency of the main radiating element 1221.
  • the height H of the coupling cavity 130 in the z direction may be 0.2 ⁇ , 0.3 ⁇ , 0.4 ⁇ , 0.5 ⁇ , or the like.
  • the height H of the coupling cavity 130 in the z direction is not further limited in embodiments of this application.
  • the height H of the coupling cavity 130 is set to be less than 0.5 ⁇ , to ensure high efficiency of transmission between the circularly polarized phase shift element 120 and the polarization conversion element 110.
  • the feed network 1211 at the feed network layer 121 is electrically connected to the main radiating element 1221 at the main radiating element layer 122, and the feed network 1211 is configured to feed the main radiating element layer 122.
  • the feed network 1211 is configured to feed the main radiating element 1221, so that the main radiating element 1221 can transmit the circularly polarized electromagnetic signal to the coupling cavity 130, and can also receive the circularly polarized electromagnetic signal in the coupling cavity 130.
  • the electrical signal fed by the feed network 1211 is not further limited.
  • a control switch 1213 may be further disposed on a surface that is of the feed network 1211 and that is away from the main radiating element 1221.
  • the control switch 1213 may include a plurality of control bits 12131 (referring to FIG. 7 ).
  • the control switch 1213 may include two, three, four, five, or more control bits 12131.
  • Each of the control bits 12131 is electrically connected to the main radiating element 1221, different control bits 12131 are connected to the main radiating element 1221 at different positions, and a plurality of feed points (referring to FIG. 9 ) are formed at joints between the plurality of control bits 12131 and the main radiating element 1221.
  • the plurality of feed points are disposed around a geometric center of the main radiating element 1221, distances from the plurality of feed points to the geometric center of the main radiating element 1221 are all the same, and each included angle between connection lines from two adjacent feed points to the geometric center of the main radiating element 1221 is the same.
  • an included angle between connection lines from the two feed points to the geometric center of the main radiating element 1221 is 180°; or when there are three feed points, each included angle between connection lines from the three feed points to the geometric center of the main radiating element 1221 is 120°.
  • the plurality of feed points are disposed around the geometric center of the main radiating element 1221, and each included angle between the connection lines from two adjacent feed points to the geometric center of the main radiating element 1221 is the same, so that positions at which the main radiating element 1221 transmits the circularly polarized electromagnetic signal may be distributed around the geometric center of the main radiating element 1221.
  • This can implement beam sweeping by an array antenna 300 in a large angle range, to avoid a case in which omnidirectional coverage cannot be achieved during beam sweeping, in other words, a case in which a part of a region undergoes overlapping coverage, and a part of the region cannot be covered.
  • the distances from the plurality of feed points to the geometric center of the main radiating element 1221 are set to be all the same, so that when the main radiating element 1221 is fed at any feed point, the main radiating element 1221 has a same resonance frequency, a same axial ratio, and the like for transmitting the circularly polarized electromagnetic signal.
  • a plurality of first connectors 124 may be disposed between the control switch 1213 and the main radiating element 1221.
  • One control bit 12131 corresponds to one first connector 124.
  • One end of the first connector 124 is connected to the control bit 12131, and the other end is connected to the main radiating element 1221.
  • a joint between the other end of the first connector 124 and the main radiating element 1221 is a feed point.
  • the first connectors 124 are disposed between the control switch 1213 and the main radiating element 1221, so that the control switch 1213 and the main radiating element 1221 can be electrically connected through the first connectors 124, to facilitate feeding the main radiating element 1221.
  • a plurality of first vias 1231 are provided on the first ground plane 123, the first connector 124 passes through the first via 1231, and there is a gap between an outer wall of the first connector 124 and a hole wall of the first via 1231; and one first connector 124 is disposed in one first via 1231.
  • the plurality of first vias 1231 are provided on the first ground plane 123, and there is the gap between the outer wall of the first connector 124 and the hole wall of the first via 1231, to prevent an electrical signal on the feed network 1211 from being transmitted to the first ground plane 123, so as to further prevent the electrical signal on the first ground plane 123 from causing electromagnetic interference to the main radiating element 1221.
  • the first connector 124 may be a conductive copper pillar.
  • the first connector 124 may be of another structure, for example, may be a coaxial cable.
  • the coaxial cable passes through the first via 1231, and an inner core of the coaxial cable is electrically connected to the main radiating element 1221.
  • a specific structure of the first connector 124 is not further limited.
  • control switch 1213 is disposed on the surface that is of the feed network layer 121 and that is away from the main radiating element 1221, that is, disposed on an outer side of the antenna element 100. In this way, assembly space of the control switch 1213 can be expanded, to facilitate assembly.
  • the control switch 1213 is configured as a structure including a plurality of control bits 12131, so that the main radiating element 1221 has a plurality of feed points. In this way, feed positions on the main radiating element 1221 can be changed by controlling different control bits 12131 to be turned on or off, and a plurality of phase changes in circular polarization can be implemented by changing the feed positions, to achieve a phase shift capability of an antenna apparatus.
  • phase changes of 0° and 180° in circular polarization can be implemented by changing two feed positions corresponding to two control bits 12131, to achieve a 1-bit phase shift capability of the antenna element 100.
  • Four phase changes of 0°, 90°, 180°, and 270° in circular polarization can be implemented by changing four feed positions corresponding to four control bits 12131, to achieve a 2-bit phase shift capability of the antenna element 100.
  • Six phase changes of 0°, 60°, 120°, 180°, 240°, and 360° in circular polarization can be implemented by changing six feed positions corresponding to six control bits 12131, to achieve a 3-bit phase shift capability of the antenna element 100.
  • a multi-bit phase shift capability of the antenna element can be achieved.
  • Eight phase changes of 0°, 45°, 90°, 135°, 180°, 225°, 270°, 315°, and 360° in circular polarization can be implemented by changing eight feed positions corresponding to eight control bits 12131, to achieve a 4-bit phase shift capability of the antenna element 100.
  • a multi-bit phase shift capability and the like of the antenna element can be achieved.
  • control switch 1213 includes four control bits 12131.
  • a quantity of control switches 1213 may alternatively be another value. This is not further limited in embodiments of this application.
  • the main radiating element 1221 may be a square patch element. Certainly, in another embodiment, the main radiating element 1221 may alternatively be a rectangular patch, a circular patch, or the like. In embodiments of this application, a shape of the main radiating element 1221 is not further limited.
  • the control switch 1213 includes four control bits 12131, each of the control bits is connected to the main radiating element 1221, and each of the control bits 12131 is connected to the main radiating element 1221 at a different position, so that four feed points corresponding to the control bits 12131 are disposed on the main radiating element 1221.
  • the four feed points are disposed around the geometric center of the main radiating element 1221, and each included angle between connection lines from two adjacent feed points to the geometric center of the main radiating element 1221 is 90°.
  • a phase difference between P1 and P2 is 90°
  • a phase difference between P2 and P3 is 90°
  • a phase difference between P3 and P4 is 90°
  • a phase difference between P4 and P1 is 90°
  • a control bit corresponding to P1 is denoted as M1
  • a control bit corresponding to P2 is denoted as M2
  • a control bit corresponding to P3 is denoted as M3
  • a control bit corresponding to P4 is denoted as M4.
  • a quantity of control bits 12131 is set to four, and each included angle between connection lines from two adjacent feed points to the geometric center of the main radiating element 1221 is set to 90°, so that a phase difference between the two adjacent feed points is 90°.
  • four phase changes of 0°, 90°, 180°, and 270° in circular polarization can be implemented through rotational switching of the feed positions (that is, P1-P2-P3-P4-P1). Therefore, the 2-bit phase shift capability is achieved.
  • beam sweeping by the array antenna 300 in a large angle range can be implemented.
  • the feed network 1211 feeds the main radiating element 1221 at a feed point corresponding to the control bit 12131 in the on state.
  • the feed network 1211 feeds the main radiating element 1221 at P1.
  • the circularly polarized electromagnetic signal can be received or transmitted at P1.
  • the feed position may be changed, so that the circularly polarized electromagnetic signal can be received or transmitted at another position on the main radiating element 1221.
  • the main radiating element 1221 is fed at only one position, which may also be referred to as single-point feeding.
  • switching between the control bit 12131 in the on state and the control bit 12131 in the off state may be performed, to perform switching between the feed positions on the main radiating element 1221.
  • different antenna elements 100 receive or transmit the circularly polarized electromagnetic signal at different angles, to implement beam sweeping by the array antenna 300 in a large angle range.
  • more feed points may be further disposed, to achieve a phase shift capability of more phases and improve performance of the antenna element 100.
  • a cross-shaped slot 1225 is provided on the main radiating element 1221.
  • a region outside the cross-shaped slot 1225 is a region in which the feed points are disposed.
  • a geometric center of the cross-shaped slot 1225 coincides with the geometric center of the main radiating element 1221.
  • a first switch group 1223 and a second switch group 1224 are further disposed on the cross-shaped slot 1225, and the first switch group 1223 and the second switch group 1224 are disposed on a surface that is of the main radiating element 1221 and that is away from the feed network layer 121.
  • the first switch group 1223 and the second switch group 1224 may be located on a surface that is of the main radiating element 1221 and that is close to the coupling cavity 130, so that the first switch group 1223 and the second switch group 1224 have large mounting space, to facilitate mounting.
  • a length of the cross-shaped slot 1225 can be changed by changing the first switch group 1223 and the second switch group 1224 to be turned on and off, to further change a moving path of an electric field on the main radiating element 1221, that is, change a phase difference between a horizontal component and a vertical component of the electric field.
  • the main radiating element 1221 may transmit the circularly polarized electromagnetic signal.
  • the cross-shaped slot 1225 is provided on the main radiating element 1221. In this way, after a current is fed into the main radiating element 1221, the cross-shaped slot 1225 can block an original transmission path of the electric field, so that the electric field propagates along an edge of the slot. A longer length of the slot indicates more phases for electric field transmission.
  • the cross-shaped slot 1225 is provided, so that the moving path of the electric field on the main radiating element 1221 can be changed, to cause the phase difference between the horizontal component and the vertical component of the electric field to be generated.
  • the main radiating element 1221 may transmit the circularly polarized electromagnetic signal.
  • the feed points are disposed in a region outside the cross-shaped slot 1225, so that positions at which the feed points are disposed are not in the cross-shaped slot 1225, to ensure that the feed network 1211 can feed the main radiating element 1221 at the feed points.
  • the geometric center of the cross-shaped slot 1225 is set to coincide with the geometric center of the main radiating element 1221, so that a structure of the antenna element 100 can be symmetrical, thereby improving pattern performance of the antenna element 100.
  • the cross-shaped slot 1225 may include a first slot 12251, a second slot 12252, a third slot 12253, and a fourth slot 12254, where the first slot 12251, the second slot 12252, the third slot 12253, and the fourth slot 12254 are in communication with each other at the geometric center of the cross-shaped slot 1225.
  • the first slot 12251 and the second slot 12252 are provided opposite to each other and are located on a same straight line; the third slot 12253 and the fourth slot 12254 are provided opposite to each other and are located on a same straight line; and an included angle between the straight line on which the first slot 12251 and the second slot 12252 are located and the straight line on which the third slot 12253 and the fourth slot 12254 are located ranges from 86° to 94°.
  • the included angle between the straight line on which the first slot 12251 and the second slot 12252 are located and the straight line on which the third slot 12253 and the fourth slot 12254 are located is 86°, 87°, 88°, 89°, 90°, 91°, 92°, 93°, 94°, or the like.
  • a specific value of the included angle between the straight line on which the first slot 12251 and the second slot 12252 are located and the straight line on which the third slot 12253 and the fourth slot 12254 are located is not further limited.
  • the included angle between the straight line on which the first slot 12251 and the second slot 12252 are located and the straight line on which the third slot 12253 and the fourth slot 12254 are located is set to range from 86° to 94°, so that the straight line on which the first slot 12251 and the second slot 12252 are located is approximately perpendicular to the straight line on which the third slot 12253 and the fourth slot 12254 are located, and components of the cross-shaped slot 1225 in a horizontal direction and a vertical direction are approximately the same.
  • the main radiating element 1221 is a square patch
  • a size of the square patch can be reduced while a size of the cross-shaped slot 1225 is ensured, thereby facilitating miniaturization of the antenna element 100.
  • the included angle between the straight line on which the first slot 12251 and the second slot 12252 are located and the straight line on which the third slot 12253 and the fourth slot 12254 are located is 90°.
  • the included angle between the straight line on which the first slot 12251 and the second slot 12252 are located and the straight line on which the third slot 12253 and the fourth slot 12254 are located is an included angle in a specific process error range.
  • the included angle is 90° means that an included angle with a process error ranging within ⁇ 2° may be considered as 90°.
  • the main radiating element 1221 may be a square patch element; and an included angle between any side edge of the square patch element and each of the first slot 12251, the second slot 12252, the third slot 12253, and the fourth slot 12254 ranges from 43° to 47°.
  • the cross-shaped slot 1225 is placed on the main radiating element 1221 in a direction of approximately oblique 45°.
  • the included angle between any side edge of the square patch element and each of the first slot 12251, the second slot 12252, the third slot 12253, and the fourth slot 12254 is 45°.
  • the cross-shaped slot 1225 is placed on the main radiating element 1221 in a direction of oblique 45°, that is, the cross-shaped slot 1225 is located on a diagonal of the main radiating element 1221, so that the main radiating element 1221 is of a symmetrical structure, and pattern performance of the antenna element 100 can be improved.
  • the cross-shaped slot 1225 is provided at a position of the geometric center of the main radiating element 1221 at oblique 45° or approximately oblique 45°, so that the size of the square patch can be reduced while the size of the cross-shaped slot 1225 is ensured, thereby facilitating miniaturization of the antenna element 100.
  • a sum of lengths of the first slot 12251 and the second slot 12252 ranges from 0.15 ⁇ to 0.25 ⁇ ; and a sum of lengths of the third slot 12253 and the fourth slot 12254 ranges from 0.15 ⁇ to 0.25 ⁇ , where ⁇ represents the medium wavelength corresponding to the center frequency of the resonance frequency of the main radiating element 1221.
  • the sum of the lengths of the first slot 12251 and the second slot 12252 is set to range from 0.15 ⁇ to 0.25 ⁇
  • the sum of the lengths of the third slot 12253 and the fourth slot 12254 is set to range from 0.15 ⁇ to 0.25 ⁇ , so that the phase difference of 90° or 270° between the horizontal component and the vertical component of the electric field on the main radiating element 1221 can be generated, to ensure that the main radiating element 1221 can transmit the circularly polarized electromagnetic signal.
  • the lengths of the first slot 12251, the second slot 12252, the third slot 12253, and the fourth slot 12254 are all the same, so that the sum of the lengths of the first slot 12251 and the second slot 12252 is equal to the sum of the lengths of the third slot 12253 and the fourth slot 12254.
  • the lengths of the first slot 12251, the second slot 12252, the third slot 12253, and the fourth slot 12254 are set to be all the same, so that the cross-shaped slot 1225 is of a symmetrical structure. In this way, after switching between the feed points is performed, resonance frequencies and axial ratios of a same antenna element 100 for transmitting the circularly polarized electromagnetic signal at different feed points can be the same, to improve performance of the antenna element 100.
  • the first switch group 1223 may include a first sub-switch 12231 and a first sub-switch 12232.
  • the first sub-switch 12231 and the first sub-switch 12232 are located between two end portions of the first slot 12251 and the second slot 12252, so that a distance of a slot between the first sub-switch 12231 and the first sub-switch 12232 may be less than the sum of the distances of the first slot 12251 and the second slot 12252.
  • the first switch group 1223 is configured to control the first slot 12251 and the second slot 12252 to be turned on and off.
  • the second switch group 1224 includes a second sub-switch 12241 and a second sub-switch 12242.
  • the second sub-switch 12241 and the second sub-switch 12242 are located between two end portions of the third slot 12253 and the fourth slot 12254, so that a distance of a slot between the second sub-switch 12241 and the second sub-switch 12242 may be less than the sum of the distances of the third slot 12253 and the fourth slot 12254.
  • the second switch group 1224 is configured to control the third slot 12253 and the fourth slot 12254 to be turned on and off.
  • the main radiating element layer 122 further includes a control circuit (referring to FIG. 7 ), where the control circuit is electrically connected to both the first switch group 1223 and the second switch group 1224, and the control circuit is configured to control the first switch group 1223 and the second switch group 1224 to be turned on or off.
  • control circuit is a direct current control circuit, and the control circuit controls, through a direct current, the first switch group 1223 and the second switch group 1224 to be turned on or off.
  • the control circuit is disposed at the main radiating element layer 122, to cause the first switch group 1223 and the second switch group 1224 to have the separate control circuit, so that a structure of the feed network 1211 can be simplified, compared with a case in which the first switch group 1223 and the second switch group 1224 are also controlled through the feed network 1211.
  • the control circuit is configured as a direct current control circuit, so that the control circuit can be prevented from interfering with a signal on the main radiating element 1221, to improve performance of the antenna element 100.
  • states of the first switch group 1223 and the second switch group 1224 are different. For example, when the first switch group 1223 is in an on state, the second switch group 1224 is in an off state; or when the second switch group 1224 is in an on state, the first switch group 1223 is in an off state.
  • the first sub-switch 12231 and the first sub-switch 12232 are both turned on or off, and the second sub-switch 12241 and the second sub-switch 12242 are both turned on or off.
  • the states of the first switch group 1223 and the second switch group 1224 are set to be different, so that the sum of the lengths of the first slot 12251 and the second slot 12252 may be different from the sum of the lengths of the third slot 12253 and the fourth slot 12254, and the phase difference of 90° or 270° between the horizontal component and the vertical component of the electric field on the main radiating element 1221 can be generated, to generate the circularly polarized electromagnetic signal.
  • the first sub-switch and the second sub-switch are set to both on or off, so that a structure of the control circuit for controlling the first switch group 1223 and the second switch group 1224 can be simplified, thereby simplifying the control circuit of the antenna element 100 and reducing costs.
  • the main radiating element 1221 may be of a symmetrical structure. This helps improve pattern performance of the antenna element 100.
  • the two first sub-switches may alternatively be set to not both an on state or off state, and the two second sub-switches may be set to not both an on state or off state.
  • the main radiating element 1221 can generate the circularly polarized electromagnetic signal provided that a length of the first sub-switch and a length of the second sub-switch match the length of the cross-shaped slot 1225 is matched.
  • another manner for controlling the first sub-switches and the second sub-switches is not further limited.
  • a proportion of a sum L2 of lengths of the first slot 12251 and the second slot 12252 that are located between the first sub-switch 12231 and the first sub-switch 12232 to the sum L1 of the lengths of the first slot 12251 and the second slot 12252 ranges from 0.55 to 0.75 (referring to FIG. 11 ); and a proportion of a sum L3 of lengths of the third slot 12253 and the fourth slot 12254 that are located between the second sub-switch 12241 and the second sub-switch 12242 to the sum L4 of the lengths of the third slot 12253 and the fourth slot 12254 ranges from 0.55 to 0.75 (referring to FIG. 12 ).
  • the sum of the lengths of the first slot 12251 and the second slot 12252 that are located between the first sub-switch 12231 and the first sub-switch 12232 is in a unit of the length, and the sum of the lengths of the first slot 12251 and the second slot 12252 is also in a unit of the length.
  • the units of the sums are the same, for example, may be mm. Therefore, a ratio of the sums may be represented by using the proportion thereof.
  • the second sub-switch 12241 and the second sub-switch 12242 are disposed on the third slot 12253 and the fourth slot 12254, so that when the second sub-switch 12241 and the second sub-switch 12242 are turned on, a short gap is also formed between the second sub-switch 12241 and the second sub-switch 12242, and a length of the short gap is less than the sum of the lengths of the third slot 12253 and the fourth slot 12254.
  • the proportion of a sum of lengths of the first slot 12251 and the second slot 12252 that are located between the first sub-switch 12231 and the first sub-switch 12232 to the sum of the lengths of the first slot 12251 and the second slot 12252 ranges from 0.55 to 0.75.
  • the proportion may be 0.55, 0.6, 0.7, 0.75, or the like.
  • the proportion of a sum of lengths of the third slot 12253 and the fourth slot 12254 that are located between the second sub-switch 12241 and the second sub-switch 12242 to the sum of the lengths of the third slot 12253 and the fourth slot 12254 ranges from 0.55 to 0.75.
  • the proportion may be 0.55, 0.6, 0.7, 0.75, or the like.
  • the phase difference of 90° or 270° between the horizontal component and the vertical component of the electric field on the main radiating element 1221 can be generated, and the main radiating element 1221 can transmit the circularly polarized electromagnetic signal.
  • the first slot 12251, the second slot 12252, the third slot 12253, and the fourth slot 12254 are all T-shaped slots.
  • a horizontal section of the T-shaped slot corresponding to the first slot 12251 is located at an end that is of the first slot 12251 and that is away from the geometric center of the main radiating element 1221.
  • a horizontal section of the T-shaped slot corresponding to the second slot 12252 is located at an end that is of the second slot 12252 and that is away from the geometric center of the main radiating element 1221.
  • a horizontal section of the T-shaped slot corresponding to the third slot 12253 is located at an end that is of the third slot 12253 and that is away from the geometric center of the main radiating element 1221.
  • a horizontal section of the T-shaped slot corresponding to the fourth slot 12254 is located at an end that is of the fourth slot 12254 and that is away from the geometric center of the main radiating element 1221.
  • the first slot 12251, the second slot 12252, the third slot 12253, and the fourth slot 12254 are all T-shaped slots, so that a bandwidth and a standing wave of the antenna element 100 can be improved, to improve performance of the antenna element 100.
  • first slot 12251, the second slot 12252, the third slot 12253, and the fourth slot 12254 may alternatively be in other shapes.
  • specific structures of the first slot 12251, the second slot 12252, the third slot 12253, and the fourth slot 12254 are not further limited.
  • the phase state in this case may be denoted as 0°.
  • a right-hand circularly polarized electromagnetic signal may be generated at the position P1.
  • a left-hand circularly polarized electromagnetic signal may be generated at the position P1.
  • the phase state in this case may be denoted as 90°.
  • a right-hand circularly polarized electromagnetic signal may be generated at the position P2.
  • a left-hand circularly polarized electromagnetic signal may be generated at the position P2.
  • the phase state in this case may be denoted as 180°.
  • a right-hand circularly polarized electromagnetic signal may be generated at the position P3.
  • a left-hand circularly polarized electromagnetic signal may be generated at the position P3.
  • phase state in this case may be denoted as 90°.
  • first switch group 1223 is in the on state
  • second switch group 1224 is in the off state
  • a left-hand circularly polarized electromagnetic signal may be generated at the position P1.
  • a right-hand circularly polarized electromagnetic signal may be generated at the position P1.
  • the cross-shaped slot 1225 is provided on the main radiating element 1221 at oblique 45°, and the four feed points P1, P2, P3, and P4 are disposed in directions of an x-axis and a y-axis.
  • the cross-shaped slot 1225 may alternatively be provided perpendicular to an edge of the main radiating element 1221, and then the four feed points P1, P2, P3, and P4 are disposed along the diagonal of the main radiating element 1221.
  • an angle for providing the cross-shaped slot 1225 and positions at which the feed points are disposed are not further limited.
  • the parasitic element layer 112 and the coupling element layer 111 of the polarization conversion element 110 are described in detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings.
  • a first cavity structure 11112 is provided in the middle of the coupling patch 1111, a first connecting part 11111 is disposed in the middle of the first cavity structure 11112, and the first connecting part 11111 and the coupling patch 1111 are located on a same plane.
  • the coupling patch 1111 may be a left-hand circularly polarized patch; or when the two beveled edges 11113 are disposed at two right angles in the first cavity structure 11112 in FIG. 15 , the coupling patch 1111 may be a right-hand circularly polarized patch. This may be specifically set based on a specific situation. In embodiments of this application, the positions of the two beveled edges 11113 are not further limited.
  • a second cavity structure 11212 is provided in the middle of the parasitic patch 1121, a second connecting part 11211 is disposed in the middle of the second cavity structure 11212, and the second connecting part 11211 and the parasitic patch 1121 are located on a same plane.
  • one end of the second connector 114 is electrically connected to the first connecting part 11111, and the other end is electrically connected to the second connecting part 11211.
  • the second connector 114 may be a conductive copper pillar, a coaxial cable, or the like. A specific structure of the second connector 114 is not further limited in embodiments of this application.
  • the first connecting part 11111 is disposed in the middle of the coupling patch 1111
  • the second connecting part 11211 is disposed in the middle of the parasitic patch 1121
  • the second connector 114 is disposed between the parasitic patch 1121 and the coupling patch 1111, so that the coupling patch 1111 and the parasitic patch 1121 can be electrically connected.
  • a joint between the coupling patch 1111 and the parasitic patch 1121 is disposed in the middle of the coupling patch 1111 and the middle of the parasitic patch 1121, which is equivalent to center feeding between the coupling patch 1111 and the parasitic patch 1121. This helps improve pattern performance of the antenna element 100.
  • the parasitic patch 1121 may be a linearly polarized patch element or a circularly polarized patch element.
  • the parasitic element layer 112 is disposed, so that the polarization conversion element 110 can implement conversion between a circularly polarized electromagnetic signal and a linearly polarized electromagnetic signal, and the antenna element 100 is applicable to satellite communication, mobile communication, and the like.
  • the coupling patch 1111 includes but is not limited to the square patch shown in FIG. 15 , and the coupling patch 1111 may be further configured as a shape of a rectangle, a prism, a regular hexagon, or a circle (referring to FIG. 17 ).
  • the parasitic patch 1121 includes but is not limited to the square patch shown in FIG. 16 , and the parasitic patch 1121 may be further configured as a shape of a rectangle, a prism, a regular hexagon, or a circle (referring to FIG. 18 ).
  • shapes of outer contours of the coupling patch 1111 and the parasitic patch 1121 may be the same or different.
  • the shapes of the outer contours of the coupling patch 1111 and the parasitic patch 1121 are not further limited in embodiments of this application.
  • the parasitic patch 1121 or the coupling patch 1111 is designed to be in a shape of a square, a rectangle, a prism, a regular hexagon, or a circle, so that design flexibility of the antenna element 100 can be improved.
  • the parasitic patch 1121, the coupling patch 1111, the first ground plane 123, the second ground plane 113, and the main radiating element 1221 are all of a patch structure, and thicknesses in the z direction are very small and can be ignored.
  • the parasitic patch 1121, the coupling patch 1111, the first ground plane 123, the second ground plane 113, and the main radiating element 1221 are drawn with specific thicknesses. This does not mean that an actual structure is the structure shown in the figure.
  • the thicknesses of the parasitic patch 1121, the coupling patch 1111, the first ground plane 123, the second ground plane 113, and the main radiating element 1221 in the z direction are not limited, and may be specifically set based on a specific situation.
  • the antenna apparatus 400 includes a circularly polarized phase shift element 120, a polarization conversion element 110, and a coupling cavity 130 between the circularly polarized phase shift element 120 and the polarization conversion element 110.
  • the circularly polarized phase shift element 120 and the polarization conversion element 110 are stacked.
  • the circularly polarized phase shift element 120 transmits a circularly polarized electromagnetic signal to the polarization conversion element 110 through the coupling cavity 130.
  • the polarization conversion element 110 converts the circularly polarized electromagnetic signal into a target linearly polarized electromagnetic signal or a target circularly polarized electromagnetic signal; or the polarization conversion element 110 converts a target linearly polarized electromagnetic signal or a target circularly polarized electromagnetic signal into the circularly polarized electromagnetic signal; and the polarization conversion element 110 transmits the converted circularly polarized electromagnetic signal to the circularly polarized phase shift element 120 through the coupling cavity 130.
  • the antenna apparatus 400 further includes a control element 410, and the control element 410 is configured to control the circularly polarized phase shift element 120 to transmit the circularly polarized electromagnetic signal to the coupling cavity 130.
  • the circularly polarized phase shift element 120 includes a feed network 1211 and a main radiating element 1221
  • the feed network 1211 includes a control switch 1213
  • the control switch 1213 includes a plurality of control bits 12131
  • each of the control bits 12131 is electrically connected to the main radiating element 1221
  • a plurality of feed points are formed at joints between the plurality of control bits 12131 (where in FIG. 19 , a control bit 1 to a control bit n represent the plurality of control bits 12131) and the main radiating element 1221.
  • the method further includes: The control element 410 controls one control bit 12131 of the plurality of control bits 12131 to be turned on and all other control bits 12131 in the plurality of control bits 12131 to be turned off, to cause the feed network 1211 to feed the main radiating element 1221 at a feed point corresponding to the control bit 12131 in an on state.
  • the control element 410 controls different control bits 12131 to be turned on or off, so that feed positions on the main radiating element 1221 can be changed, and a plurality of phase changes in circular polarization can be implemented by changing the feed positions, to achieve a phase shift capability of the antenna apparatus 400. For example, through change of the feed positions, four phase changes of 0°, 90°, 180°, and 270° in circular polarization can be implemented, and a 2-bit phase shift capability of the antenna apparatus 400 can be achieved.
  • a cross-shaped slot 1225 is provided on the main radiating element 1221, and the cross-shaped slot 1225 includes a first slot 12251, a second slot 12252, a third slot 12253, and a fourth slot 12254.
  • the first slot 12251, the second slot 12252, the third slot 12253, and the fourth slot 12254 are in communication with each other at a geometric center of the cross-shaped slot 1225.
  • the first slot 12251 and the second slot 12252 are disposed opposite to each other and are located on a same straight line
  • the third slot 12253 and the fourth slot 12254 are disposed opposite to each other and are located on a same straight line.
  • a first switch group 1223 and a second switch group 1224 are disposed on the cross-shaped slot 1225.
  • the first switch group 1223 includes a first sub-switch 12231 and a first sub-switch 12232, and the first sub-switch 12231 and the first sub-switch 12232 are located between two end portions of the first slot 12251 and the second slot 12252.
  • the second switch group 1224 includes a second sub-switch 12241 and a second sub-switch 12242, and the second sub-switch 12241 and the second sub-switch 12242 are located between two end portions of the third slot 12253 and the fourth slot 12254.
  • That the control element 410 controls the circularly polarized phase shift element 120 to transmit the circularly polarized electromagnetic signal to the coupling cavity 130 includes: The control element 410 controls the first switch group 1223 to be turned on and the second switch group 1224 to be turned off, to cause the main radiating element 1221 to transmit a left-hand polarized electromagnetic signal through the coupling cavity 130; or the control element 410 controls the first switch group 1223 to be turned off and the second switch group 1224 to be turned on, to cause the main radiating element 1221 to transmit a right-hand polarized electromagnetic signal through the coupling cavity 130.
  • the control element 410 controls the first switch group 1223 and the second switch group 1224 to be turned on or off, so that the sum of the lengths of the first slot 12251 and the second slot 12252 and the sum of the lengths of the third slot 12253 and the fourth slot 12254 can be changed, to change a moving path of an electric field on the main radiating element 1221, that is, change a phase difference between a horizontal component and a vertical component of the electric field.
  • the main radiating element 1221 may transmit the circularly polarized electromagnetic signal.
  • control element 410 controls the circularly polarized phase shift element 120 to transmit the circularly polarized electromagnetic signal to the coupling cavity 130 is described below with reference to the accompanying drawings.
  • step S100 the control element 410 controls one control bit 12131 of the plurality of control bits 12131 to be turned on, and all other control bits 12131 in the plurality of control bits 12131 to be turned off; and in step S200, the control element 410 controls the first switch group 1223 to be turned on, and controls the second switch group 1224 to be turned off.
  • step S100 the control element 410 controls one control bit 12131 of the plurality of control bits 12131 to be turned on, and all other control bits 12131 in the plurality of control bits 12131 to be turned off; and in step S200, the control element 410 controls the first switch group 1223 to be turned on, and controls the second switch group 1224 to be turned off.
  • step S200 the control element 410 controls the first switch group 1223 to be turned on, and controls the second switch group 1224 to be turned off.
  • step S100 the control element 410 controls one control bit 12131 of the plurality of control bits 12131 to be turned on, and all other control bits 12131 in the plurality of control bits 12131 to be turned off; and in step S200, the control element 410 controls the first switch group 1223 to be turned off, and controls the second switch group 1224 to be turned on.
  • An embodiment of this application provides a chip system, including: a communication interface, configured to input and/or output information; and a processor, configured to execute a computer program, to cause a device on which the chip system is installed to perform the method according to any implementation of the fourth aspect.
  • the processor may be a general-purpose central processing unit (Central Processing Unit, CPU), a microprocessor, an application-specific integrated circuit (Application-Specific Integrated Circuit, ASIC), a graphics processing unit (graphics processing unit, GPU), or one or more integrated circuits.
  • CPU Central Processing Unit
  • microprocessor an application-specific integrated circuit
  • ASIC Application-Specific Integrated Circuit
  • graphics processing unit graphics processing unit, GPU
  • integrated circuits one or more integrated circuits.
  • the processor may alternatively be an integrated circuit chip and has a signal processing capability.
  • the processor may alternatively be a general-purpose processor, a digital signal processor (digital signal processor, DSP), an application-specific integrated circuit (ASIC), a field programmable gate array (field programmable gate array, FPGA), or another programmable logic device, a discrete gate or transistor logic device, or a discrete hardware component, and may implement or perform the methods, the steps, and the logical block diagrams that are disclosed in the following embodiments of this application.
  • the general-purpose processor may be a microprocessor, or the processor may be any conventional processor or the like.
  • the communication interface uses a transceiver module, for example, but is not limited to a transceiver, to implement communication between a computing device and another device or a communication network. For example, a data set may be obtained through the communication interface.
  • a transceiver module for example, but is not limited to a transceiver, to implement communication between a computing device and another device or a communication network. For example, a data set may be obtained through the communication interface.
  • An embodiment of this application provides a computer-readable storage medium.
  • the storage medium stores a computer program or instructions, and when the computer program or the instructions are executed, the method according to any implementation of the fourth aspect is implemented.
  • the computer-readable medium in this disclosure may be a computer-readable signal medium, a computer-readable storage medium, or any combination thereof.
  • the computer-readable storage medium may be, for example, but is not limited to, an electric, magnetic, optical, electromagnetic, infrared, or semiconductor system, apparatus, or device, or any combination thereof.
  • a more specific example of the computer-readable storage medium may include, but is not limited to: an electrically connected or portable computer disk with one or more wires, a hard disk, a random access memory (RAM), a read-only memory (ROM), an erasable programmable read-only memory (EPROM or flash memory), an optical fiber, a portable compact disc read-only memory (CD-ROM), an optical storage device, a magnetic storage device, or any suitable combination thereof.
  • RAM random access memory
  • ROM read-only memory
  • EPROM or flash memory erasable programmable read-only memory
  • CD-ROM portable compact disc read-only memory
  • CD-ROM compact disc read-only memory
  • magnetic storage device or any suitable combination thereof.
  • the computer-readable storage medium may be any tangible medium including or storing a program, and the program may be used by or in combination with an instruction execution system, apparatus, or device.
  • the computer-readable signal medium may include a data signal propagated in a baseband or propagated as part of a carrier, where the data signal carries computer-readable program code.
  • the data signal propagated in this manner may be in a plurality of forms, including but not limited to an electromagnetic signal, an optical signal, or any suitable combination thereof.
  • the computer-readable signal medium may alternatively be any computer-readable medium other than the computer-readable storage medium.
  • the computer-readable signal medium may send, propagate, or transmit a program used by or used in combination with the instruction execution system, apparatus, or device.
  • the program code included in the computer-readable medium may be transmitted by using any appropriate medium, including but not limited to an electric wire, an optical cable, RF (radio frequency), or any suitable combination thereof.
  • the computer-readable medium may be included in the antenna element, or may exist independently and not be assembled into the antenna element.
  • the computer-readable medium carries one or more programs, and when the one or more programs are executed by the antenna element, the antenna element is caused to perform the method according to the fourth aspect in the foregoing embodiments.
  • an "electrical connection” may be understood as physical contact and electrical conduction of components, or may be understood as a form in which different components in a line structure are connected through a physical line that can transmit an electrical signal, for example, a printed circuit board (printed circuit board, PCB) copper foil or a conducting wire.
  • PCB printed circuit board
  • “Fastened and electrically connected” may be understood as that components are in physically fixed connection and can be electrically conductive.
  • connection may indicate a mechanical connection relationship or a physical connection relationship.
  • the connection may be a fixed connection, or an indirect connection through an intermediary, or may be an internal communication between two components or an interactive relationship between two components.
  • a person of ordinary skill in the art may understand specific meanings of the foregoing terms in embodiments of this application based on a specific situation. That is, a connection between A and B or an interconnection between A and B may mean that there is a fastener (for example, a screw, a bolt, or a rivet) between A and B, or A and B are in contact with each other and A and B are difficult to be separated.
  • a fastener for example, a screw, a bolt, or a rivet

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  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Electromagnetism (AREA)
  • Variable-Direction Aerials And Aerial Arrays (AREA)
  • Waveguide Aerials (AREA)
EP23929535.5A 2023-03-31 2023-03-31 Antenneneinheit, antennenanordnung, gruppenantenne und signalverarbeitungsverfahren Pending EP4668484A4 (de)

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CN121840186A (zh) * 2024-10-09 2026-04-10 华为技术有限公司 天线组件、通信设备和基站
CN121055021B (zh) * 2025-10-23 2026-04-17 兰州大学 一种多模激发与动态耦合控制的自适应低剖面可穿戴天线

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WO2018211695A1 (ja) * 2017-05-19 2018-11-22 三菱電機株式会社 アレーアンテナ装置
CN110120585A (zh) * 2019-05-21 2019-08-13 哈尔滨工业大学 圆极化液晶电控扫描反射阵天线
CN110289501B (zh) * 2019-08-06 2024-04-26 中国电子科技集团公司第五十四研究所 一种宽带圆极化平板阵列天线
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CN111370862A (zh) * 2020-03-26 2020-07-03 东南大学 一种单端口宽频带双圆极化双定向波束微带阵列天线
CN113078477B (zh) * 2021-04-13 2022-03-29 东南大学 波束独立可控的宽带双频双圆极化反射阵天线
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