EP4658057A2

EP4658057A2 - Horticultural apparatus

Info

Publication number: EP4658057A2
Application number: EP24705552.8A
Authority: EP
Inventors: Simon Burgess; James Burgess
Original assignee: Individual
Current assignee: Individual
Priority date: 2023-02-03
Filing date: 2024-02-02
Publication date: 2025-12-10
Also published as: WO2024161153A3; GB2626788B; WO2024161153A2; GB2626788A; CN121358333A

Abstract

Aspects of the disclosure relate to a horticultural apparatus, a root control device, to a hydroponic apparatus and to methods of use of the same. The apparatus comprises a reservoir for a liquid, a growth vessel for a plant and an air supply. A tank is disposed in the reservoir. The tank is in fluidic communication with the reservoir, with the growth vessel and with the air supply. The tank comprises an inlet valve for allowing liquid in the reservoir to enter the tank and an outlet vent or valve for allowing air in the tank to vent to atmosphere. The apparatus further comprises a controller for activating and deactivating the air supply. The apparatus further comprise a root control device for controlling growth of root matter of a plant within the growth vessel, The root control device comprises a support member and at least one platform mounted to the support member. The at least one platform is spaced apart from the base of the support member and at least one opening is provided to create a passageway for allowing root growth therethrough.

Description

HORTICULTURAL APPARATUS

TECHNICAL FIELD

The present invention relates to a horticultural apparatus, to a plant growth container, to a root control or diversion device, and to a hydroponic apparatus for growing plants for use with the same; the present invention also relates to a method of use, and to a kit of parts, for forming the apparatus. More specifically, but not exclusively, the invention relates to a hydroponic apparatus of the ebb and flow type having a measured fluid delivery. The present invention also relates to a horticultural apparatus for vertical farming.

BACKGROUND

It is known in horticulture to grow plants, usually crops, without soil, by using mineral nutrient solutions in an aqueous solvent, such methods are known as hydroponics. Plants may be grown with their roots exposed to a nutritious fluid or liquid. The roots of the plants may be physically supported by an inert medium.

Once such method known as Ebb and Flow (or flood drain) involves periodically filling or flooding a chamber or vessel in which plants are located with a nutrient rich solution (hydroponic solution) for a desired period of time and then subsequently draining the hydroponic solution from the chamber or vessel.

An object of the present invention is to provide a hydroponic apparatus which fills the chamber or vessel with a predefined volume of hydroponic solution during each fill phase of the hydroponic cycle.

It is another object of the invention to provide a simple apparatus capable of delivering the hydroponic solution and oxygen to the plant root zone.

The present invention seeks to provide an improvement in the field of hydroponic growing systems.

A further object of the present disclosure is to provide a root control or diversion device for managing distribution of plant roots with a growth container or plant pot. It has been found that the hydroponic apparatus disclosed in GB2604606 to Burgess and Burgess promotes root growth and as such it is desirable to control the root growth to ensure efficient use of the space within the growth container or plant plot, to prevent or at least mitigate against blockage or constriction of fluid inlet or drainage holes in the growth container or plant plot.

SUMMARY

A first aspect of the invention provides a root control device for controlling growth of root matter of a plant within a growth vessel. The device comprises a support member and at least one platform mounted to the support member. The platform is spaced apart from the base of the support member. At least one opening provides a passageway for allowing root growth therethrough.

Optionally, the at least one platform is mounted at an inclined angle with respect to the horizontal.

Optionally, the at least one platform comprises a plurality of platforms. Optionally, the support member is a central pillar and the at least one platform comprises a plurality of blades mounted about the central pillar, the blades being spaced apart from each other to provide channels therebetween.

Optionally, each of the plurality of blades is mounted at an inclined angle with respect to the horizontal.

Optionally, each of the plurality of blades defines a portion of a respective helix disposed about the central pillar.

Optionally, the root control device comprises a tubular base section at least partially open at a lower end thereof and having at least one opening in a sidewall thereof to provide a fluid passageway therebetween.

Optionally, the root control device is modular in construction.

A second aspect of the invention provides a root control device for controlling growth of root matter of a plant within a growth vessel. The device comprises a support member and a first series of platforms mounted to the support member at a first elevation above the base of the support member. The first series of platforms comprises at least one opening to provide a passageway for allowing root growth therethrough.

Optionally, the support member is a central pillar and the first series of platforms comprises a plurality of inclined blades mounted about the central pillar; the blades being circumferentially spaced apart from each other to provide channels therebetween.

A third aspect of the invention provides a root control device for controlling growth of root matter of a plant within a growth vessel. The device comprises a support member, a first series of platforms mounted to the support member at a first elevation above the base of the support member, and a second series of platforms mounted to the support member at a second elevation above the base of the support member and spaced apart from the first series of platforms. Each of the first and second series of platforms comprises at least one opening to provide a passageway for allowing root growth therethrough.

A fourth aspect of the invention provides a growth apparatus for growing plants comprising a growth vessel and a root control device for controlling growth of root matter of a plant within a growth vessel. The root control device is disposed in the growth vessel and comprises a support member and at least one platform mounted to the support member. The platform is spaced apart from the base of the support member. At least one opening provides a passageway for allowing root growth therethrough.

A fifth aspect of the invention provides a growth apparatus for growing plants comprising a growth vessel and a root control device for controlling growth of root matter of a plant within a growth vessel. The root control device is disposed in the growth vessel and comprises a support member and a first series of platforms mounted to the support member at a first elevation above the base of the support member. The first series of platforms comprises at least one opening to provide a passageway for allowing root growth therethrough.

Optionally, the first series of platforms comprises a plurality of blades, each of the plurality of blades having an outer edge substantially opposing a mounting edge at which the respective blade is mounted to the support member, the outer edge of each blade being disposed in close proximity to an inner surface of a wall of the growth vessel. Optionally, the growth vessel comprises at least one aperture in a side wall thereof to allow a plant to grow therethrough when supported by at least one of the platforms of the root control device.

A sixth aspect of the invention provides a growth apparatus for growing plants comprising a growth vessel and a root control device for controlling growth of root matter of a plant within a growth vessel. The root control device is disposed in the growth vessel and comprises a support member, a first series of platforms mounted to the support member at a first elevation above the base of the support member, and a second series of platforms mounted to the support member at a second elevation above the base of the support member and spaced apart from the first series of platforms. Each of the first and second series of platforms comprises at least one opening to provide a passageway for allowing root growth therethrough.

A seventh aspect of the invention provides a hydroponic apparatus for growing plants comprising a reservoir for a liquid and a growth vessel for a plant. A tank is disposed in the reservoir and is in fluidic communication with the reservoir and with the growth vessel. The tank is configured to be coupled to an air supply. The tank comprises an inlet valve, for allowing liquid in the reservoir to enter the tank, and an outlet vent, for allowing air in the tank to vent to atmosphere. The apparatus may comprise a controller for activating and deactivating the air supply.

Advantageously, the apparatus employs a single device to delivers both fluids, liquid and air, to the root zone, and negates the requirement for a pump or device dedicated to each fluid being delivered.

Further, there is no requirement to mount a liquid pump within the hydroponic solution or to pump the hydroponic solution through a liquid pump located externally of the reservoir.

Optionally, the hydroponic apparatus comprises a root control device, as described in the foregoing paragraphs, wherein the root control device comprises a fluid passageway to allow a fluid or liquid to pass therethrough for supplying liquid to the root matter of the plant and/or draining fluid or liquid away from the root matter, the fluid passageway being fluid ically coupled the tank to enable filling and draining of the growth vessel in which the root control device is disposed.

Optionally, the central pillar comprises a base region having an opening in its base and at least one aperture in a side wall of the base region in fluidic communication with the opening.

Optionally, the air supply is coupled to the tank by an air line, and wherein the airline includes the outlet vent.

Optionally, the hydroponic apparatus comprises a fluid level indicator for displaying the fluid level in the reservoir, and wherein the airline is disposed within the fluid level indicator and the outlet vent is provided at an upper end of the fluid level indicator.

Optionally, the airline comprises an opening in fluidic communication with outlet vent to allow the tank to vent to atmosphere.

Optionally, the outlet vent is a valve. Optionally, the air supply is an air pump. Optionally, the air supply is an air compressor.

Optionally, the liquid is a nutrient rich aqueous solution. Optionally, the outlet valve is pressure sensitive. Optionally, the outlet valve is a pressure control valve. Optionally, the outlet valve is adjustable.

Optionally, the apparatus comprises a first pipe connected to the air supply extends into the tank. Optionally, the first pipe terminates with a diffuser. Optionally, the first pipe terminates with an air stone.

Optionally, the first pipe comprises a check valve for inhibiting fluid flow towards the air supply.

Optionally, the growth vessel comprises a sump in which a drain is located.

Optionally, the apparatus comprises a fluid conduit extending between the growth vessel and the tank. Optionally, the fluid conduit comprises a first port disposed in the tank. Optionally, the first port is disposed proximate to a lowermost wall of the tank. Optionally, the first port is located proximate the deepest region of the tank. Optionally, the fluid conduit comprises a second port disposed in the growth vessel.

Optionally, the controller is a time activated switch.

An eighth aspect of the invention provides a kit of parts for growing plants comprising: a reservoir chamber for a liquid; a growth vessel for a plant; a tank adapted to be disposed within the reservoir; an inlet valve for allowing liquid in the reservoir to enter the tank; an outlet vent for allowing air in the tank to vent to atmosphere; and a support for supporting the growth vessel above the tank.

Optionally, the kit of parts further comprises a fluid conduit for coupling the outlet valve to the tank.

Optionally, the kit of parts further comprises a fluid conduit for coupling the tank to the growth vessel.

Optionally, the kit of parts further comprises an air supply. Optionally, the air supply is an air pump. Optionally, the kit of parts further comprises a fluid conduit for coupling an air supply to the tank.

Optionally, the kit of parts further comprises a controller for activating and deactivating the air supply.

A ninth aspect of the invention provides a hydroponic apparatus for growing plants comprising a reservoir for a liquid and a growth vessel for a plant, wherein a tank is disposed in the reservoir and is in fluidic communication with the reservoir and with the growth vessel, and wherein the tank is configured and arranged to be coupled to an air supply, the tank comprises an inlet valve, for allowing liquid in the reservoir to enter the tank, and an outlet vent, for allowing air in the tank to vent to atmosphere.

Optionally, the hydroponic apparatus further comprises a controller for activating and deactivating an air supply.

A tenth aspect of the invention provides a method of use of a hydroponic apparatus for growing plants comprising: a reservoir comprising a liquid, a growth vessel comprising a plant being cultivated, and a tank disposed in the reservoir and in fluidic communication with the reservoir and with the growth vessel. The tank comprises an inlet valve, for allowing liquid in the reservoir to enter the tank, and an outlet vent for allowing air in the tank to vent to atmosphere. The apparatus is coupled to an air supply. The method comprises charging the growth vessel with liquid from the tank by activating the air supply, supplying air to the tank and pressurising the tank. Liquid is forced the from the tank to enter the growth vessel. The method comprises discharging the growth vessel by deactivating the air supply and draining the liquid in the growth vessel back into the tank. The tank is vented to the atmosphere and the pressure in the tank is equalised with the liquid pressure in the reservoir.

Optionally, the method further comprises filling the tank by opening the inlet valve and charging the tank with liquid from the reservoir.

An eleventh aspect of the invention provides a root diversion device for controlling and directing growth of root matter of a plant within a growth vessel. The device comprises: a support member having an upper end and a base; one or more platforms for directing root matter growth and mounted to the support member; and at least one opening to provide a passageway for allowing root growth therethrough. At least one of said one of more platforms is mounted at an inclined angle with respect to the base of the support member.

Optionally, the platform is disposed between the base and the upper end of the support member.

Optionally, the support member is a central pillar and the one or more platforms comprises a plurality of blades mounted about the central pillar at an inclined angle with respect to the base of the central pillar, the blades being spaced apart from each other to provide channels therebetween.

Optionally, two or more of the plurality of blades is mounted circumferentially about the central pillar.

Optionally, two or more of the plurality of blades are mounted about the central pillar at different elevations.

Optionally, each of the plurality of blades defines a portion of a helix disposed about the central pillar.

A twelfth aspect of the invention provides a root diversion device for controlling and directing growth of root matter of a plant within a growth vessel. The device comprises: a support member having an upper end and a base; and two or more platforms for directing root matter growth and mounted to the support member at different elevations above the base of the support member so as to define a passageway therebetween for allowing root growth therethrough.

Within the scope of this application, it is envisaged or intended that the various aspects, embodiments, examples, features and alternatives set out in the preceding paragraphs, in the claims and/or in the following description and drawings may be considered or taken independently or in any combination thereof.

Features or elements described in connection with, or relation to, one embodiment are applicable to all embodiments unless there is an incompatibility of features. One or more features or elements from one embodiment may be incorporated into, or combined with, any of the other embodiments disclosed herein, said features or elements extracted from said one embodiment may be included in addition to, or in replacement of one or more features or elements of said other embodiment.

A feature, or combination of features, of an embodiment disclosed herein may be extracted in isolation from other features of that embodiment. Alternatively, a feature, or combination of features, of an embodiment may be omitted from that embodiment.

BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS Exemplary embodiments of the invention will now be described with reference to the accompanying drawings, in which:

Figure 1 A is a plan view from above of a hydroponic apparatus according to embodiments of the disclosure;

Figure 1 B is a schematic illustration of the hydroponic apparatus according to embodiments of the disclosure;

Figures 2A to 2C illustrate stages of filling a growth vessel of the hydroponic apparatus of Figures 1 B with a fluid;

Figures 3A and 3B illustrate stages of draining the growth vessel of the hydroponic apparatus of Figure 1 B;

Figure 4A is a schematic illustration of the hydroponic apparatus according to further embodiments of the disclosure;

Figure 4B is a schematic illustration of the hydroponic apparatus according to another embodiment of the disclosure;

Figure 5 is a schematic illustration of the hydroponic apparatus according to still further embodiments of the disclosure in which a root control device is disposed within a growth container;

Figure 5B is a schematic illustration of a root control device for use in a growth container according to embodiments of the disclosure;

Figure 5C is a schematic illustration of a growth container comprising a root control device for use with a hydroponic apparatus according to embodiments of the disclosure;

Figure 6 is a schematic illustration of components for forming a horticultural device for growing plants or crops having a modular construction;

Figure 7 illustrates a stage of construction of the components of Figure 6 into a horticultural device;

Figure 8 illustrates a horticultural device constructed from the components of Figure 6;

Figure 9 illustrates the horticultural device of Figure 8 and a plant therein showing an exemplary root distribution;

Figure 10 is a schematic illustration of components for forming a horticultural device for vertical farming and having a modular construction;

Figures 11 and 11 B illustrate a horticultural device for vertical farming constructed from the components of Figure 10;

Figure 12 is a schematic illustration of the hydroponic apparatus according to still yet further embodiments of the disclosure; and

Figure 13 is a schematic illustration of the hydroponic apparatus according to yet another embodiment of the disclosure.

DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF EMBODIMENTS

Detailed descriptions of specific embodiments of a horticultural apparatus, a root control device, a growth vessel, a hydroponic apparatus, components for forming the same and methods of use are disclosed herein. It will be understood that the disclosed embodiments are merely examples of the way in which certain aspects of the invention can be implemented and do not represent an exhaustive list of all of the ways the invention may be embodied. As used herein, the word “exemplary” is used expansively to refer to embodiments that serve as illustrations, specimens, models, or patterns. Indeed, it will be understood that the horticultural apparatus, the root control device, the growth vessel, the hydroponic apparatus, components and methods described herein may be embodied in various and alternative forms. The Figures are not necessarily to scale and some features may be exaggerated or minimised to show details of particular components. Well-known components, materials or methods are not necessarily described in great detail in order to avoid obscuring the present disclosure. Any specific structural and functional details disclosed herein are not to be interpreted as limiting, but merely as a basis for the claims and as a representative basis for teaching one skilled in the art to variously employ the invention.

Referring to Figure 1 , there is shown a plan view of a hydroponic apparatus 10. The apparatus 10 comprises a container forming a reservoir 12 having a lid, closure or support structure 13 capable of supporting a growth vessel 14 (along with the plant under cultivation and a predefined volume of a hydroponic solution HS, see Figure 2A, and optionally a growth or support medium). A pot 16 may be disposed in the growth vessel 14. The pot 16 may be removeable. The pot 16 is adapted to receive the plant or crop being cultivated, for example it may have apertures or openings to allow the passage of the hydroponic solution HS into and out of the interior of the pot 16. The lid 13 may optionally close an upper end of the reservoir 12, this may reduce evaporation of the hydroponic solution HS this may be advantageous where water supply is limited. The lid 13 may comprise an access 18 in the form of an opening or removable hatch. The access 18 may be useful for filling the reservoir with water or nutrients, measuring or monitoring the fluid level in the reservoir, and measuring characteristics of the hydroponic solution such as but not limited to nutrient level, oxygenation, or pH (Potential of Hydrogen).

Optionally, the reservoir 12 may be substantially shaped as an octagonal prism, although other shapes may be employed for example but not limited to, cuboids, cylinders, hexagonal prisms. It will be appreciated that the side walls of the reservoir need not be vertical and the reservoir 12 may be an inverted square, hexagonal, octagonal or conical frustrum.

A tank 20 is disposed in the reservoir 12 and may be mounted on supports S on an inner surface of a base wall of the container forming the reservoir 12. The supports S may be integral with the tank 20 or with the base wall of the container forming the reservoir 12.

The tank 20 comprises an inlet valve Vi. The inlet valve may be mounted in a lowermost wall of the tank 20. The inlet valve provides that fluid can flow to flow into the tank 20 from the reservoir 12. The inlet valve Vi may allow fluid to flow into the tank 20 from the reservoir when the pressure within the tank is less than the pressure in the reservoir 12 at the depth of the inlet valve Vi. The inlet valve may be passive.

The tank 20 may be spaced apart from the base wall of the container forming the reservoir 12, this may provide a gap to allow operation of the inlet valve Vi without encumbrance by the base wall of the container forming the reservoir 12. The gap or void between the tank 20 and the base wall of the container forming the reservoir 12 may prevent or inhibit ingress of sediment or particulate matter into the tank 20 or of said particulate matter inhibiting operation of the inlet valve Vi. It will be appreciated that, in alternative embodiments, that the base wall of the container forming the reservoir 12 may be shaped so as to provide a well or recess below the tank 20 in vertical registry with the inlet valve V.

The base wall of the container forming the reservoir 12 may comprise one or more projections F for reinforcing the base wall of the container to prevent or inhibit distortion or deformation thereof when under load, for example when filled with hydroponic solution. In the illustrated embodiment, the projections F are disposed externally of the reservoir 12 and may serve to act as feet upon which the apparatus 10 rests. In other embodiments, the projections may be internal and in addition to reinforcing the base wall of the container may serve as mounting supports for the tank 20.

In alternative embodiments, inlet valve Vi may be mounted in a side wall of the tank 20, and may be disposed in close proximity to the lowermost or bottom wall of the tank 20. In still other embodiments, the inlet valve Vi may be external or spaced apart from the tank 20 and may be coupled to the tank 20 by a pipe or other suitable fluid conduit.

In other embodiments, the inlet valve Vi may be active and may be coupled to an actuator under the control of a controller, the controller may be coupled to one or more sensors, such as, but not limited, to pressure sensors. The controller may open or close the valve in dependence upon a measurement parameter being monitored by the one or more sensors.

A pressure control or pressure relief valve V_p is in communication with the tank 20 and may be located at an upper end of a fluid conduit 30 extending from an uppermost wall of the tank 20. The pressure control valve V_p allows air in the tank 20 to be released during the drain phase of the operational cycle.

The tank 20 is in fluid communication with the growth vessel 14 via a second fluid conduit 28. The second fluid conduit 28 comprises a first end or port Ei providing an inlet/outlet disposed proximate the lowermost wall of the tank 20. In this way, the tank 20 can be substantially emptied of hydroponic solution during the fill phase of the cycle.

The second fluid conduit 28 comprises a second end or port Eo providing an inlet/outlet located in a lower region of the growth vessel 14. The growth vessel 14 may comprise a well, sump or sink in a bottom wall thereof which may facilitate drainage of hydroponic solution back into the tank 20 during the drain period of the cycle.

The outlet end Eo of the second fluid conduit 28 may comprise a cover, filter or guard to prevent or inhibit undesired particulate matter flowing in to the tank 20, this may be further reduced by the outlet of the second fluid conduit 28 being configured to stand proud of the surrounding region of the bottom wall of the growth vessel 14. This may help reduce cleaning and maintenance due to blockages or restrictions in fluid flow or interference in valve operation by particulate matter.

Additionally, or alternatively, the cover may serve to provide a diffuser; diffusing fluid flowing out of the second fluid conduit 28.

The tank 20 is in fluid communication with an air source in the form of air pump 22 via an air line 24. The air line 24 may comprise a pipe, hose or tube that may be flexible. Optionally, the air line comprises a check valve V_c to prevent flow of hydroponic solution from the tank 20 to the air pump 22. Alternatively, the air pump 22 may be disposed at an elevation above the maximum fluid level in the reservoir 12, or at least a portion of the air line 24 may be routed above the maximum fluid level in the reservoir 12.

The air line 24 may comprise a diffuser in the form of an air stone 26 at an outlet end located in the tank 20. The air stone 26 may diffuse air as it flows into the tank 20, it may also act as a check valve or fluid restrictor inhibiting flow of the hydroponic solution into the air line 24.

In the illustrated embodiment, an air supply 22 takes the form of a pump or a compressor, it may be powered from or by mains electricity, a battery, a generator, one or more solar panel or wind turbines, combustion engine or other suitable power source.

In other embodiments, the air line 24 may be coupled to a tank of compressed air or a manual pump.

Figures 2A to 3B illustrate stages of a fill and drain cycle of the growth vessel 14.

Figure 2A shows the apparatus 10 with a hydroponic solution HS disposed in the reservoir and in the tank 20. The reservoir 12 can be filled via the access hatch or may comprise a dedicated filling inlet in other embodiments. The air pump 22 is in an off or inactive state, that is to say air is not being supplied to the tank 20 via the air line 24. The hydroponic solution HS enters the tank 20 via the inlet valve Vi since the pressure in the reservoir 12 is equal to the pressure in the tank 20.

A fill phase of the cycle commences by changing the state of the air pump 22 to an on or active condition in which air AIR is supplied to the tank 20 via the air line 24.

In Figure 2B, the air pump 22 is in an on or active state, air AI has been supplied to the tank 20 via the air line 24. As the air AIR is pumped into the tank 20 the air AIR; being less dense than the hydroponic solution HS, rises to the top of the tank 20. The pressure in the tank 20 increases. In doing so the hydroponic solution HS is displaced from the tank 20 through the second fluid conduit 28 into the growth vessel 14.

In Figure 2C, the air pump 22 has continued to charge or fill the tank 20 with air AIR until the all the hydroponic solution HS has been raised into the growth vessel 14, or at least until the hydroponic solution HS fluid level in the tank 20 is below the inlet end Ei of the second fluid conduit 28.

Optionally, the air pump 22 remains in the on state, air AIR continues to be pumped into the tank 20. When the pressure in the tank 20 rises sufficiently air AIR escapes through the second fluid conduit 28 into the growth vessel 14 so as to aerate the hydroponic solution HS and the root zone of the plants being cultivated. The outlet valve V_p is configured to offer greater resistance for the air AIR to escape to the atmosphere than the second fluid conduit 28. The air AIR pressure in the tank 20 is greater than the pressure of the hydroponic solution HS in the reservoir 12 at the depth of the inlet valve Vi. The inlet valve Vi is thus closed and prevents the hydroponic solution HS in the reservoir 12 entering the tank 20.

The air pump 22 may be coupled to a controller or timer 23 which controls the length of time the air pump 22 is in the on condition. The timer 23 may be configured to allow the air pump 22 to supply air AIR to the tank 20 for a desired period after the tank 20 has been emptied of the hydroponic solution HS or the maximum fill level of the growth vessel 14 has been reached. The air AIR escapes the tank 20 via the second fluid conduit 28 into the growth vessel 14 whilst the pump 22 is active.

In some embodiments, the apparatus 10 may comprise one or more sensors and a controller coupled thereto which controls the operation of the air pump 22. The sensors may detect fluid levels in the tank 22, reservoir 12 or growth vessel 14. The sensors may detect characteristics of the hydroponic solution HS such as but not limited to its oxygenation level. Based upon data received from the sensors the controller may determine when to shut the air pump 22, for example, but not limited to, if sensor data indicates that oxygen level in the hydroponic solution HS is low the controller may allow the air pump 22 to run for an extended period. The controller may be coupled to other external devices or sensors such as light sources (growth lights) or light sensors, temperature or humidity sensors. The controller may adjust the fill / drain cycle in dependence upon information from the sensors to optimise growth of the plants, it may cease or reduce filling of the growth vessel when light levels in the growth environment are low or below a threshold value. The fill / drain cycle maybe adjusted in dependence upon the plant being cultivated; the controller may comprise one or more selectable pre-defined or user customisable programs. The controller may also allow remote monitoring or control of the apparatus 10.

Figure 3A illustrates the apparatus 10 during the drain phase of the cycle. The drain phase commences when the air pump 22 is returned to an off or inactive state.

The hydroponic solution HS in the growth vessel 14 returns to the tank 20. Air AI in the tank 20 initially escapes through the second fluid conduit 28 into the growth vessel 14 until the liquid level in the tank 20 rises to submerge the inlet end Ei of the second fluid conduit 28. Since the pressure in the tank 20 is lower than the pressure exerted by the fluid in the growth vessel 14 the hydroponic solution HS returns to the tank 20. The pressure in the tank 20 is still sufficient to seal the inlet valve Vi, preventing ingress of liquid in the reservoir 12 into the tank 20. The air AIR in the tank 20 is compressed towards the upper or top wall of the tank 20. The pressure control valve V_p allows the air AIR in the tank 20 to escape to the atmosphere.

The pressure control valve V_p, in the illustrated embodiment, is disposed in the reservoir 12 above the maximum fill level of the reservoir 12. In other embodiments, the pressure control valve V_p may be disposed outside the reservoir 12.

The pressure control valve V_p may be variable such that the rate at which the hydroponic solution HS returns to the tank 20 can be controlled or adjusted.

Figure 3B illustrates the apparatus 10 during the drain phase, the hydroponic solution HS in the growth vessel has returned to the tank 20. As the hydroponic solution HS returns under the force of gravity to the tank 20 the pressure in the tank 20 reduces. Since the tank 20 is vented to atmospheric pressure, if the volume of liquid returning to the tank 20 is less than that which was pumped out the pressure in the tank 20 will fall below the pressure of the liquid in the reservoir 12 at the depth of the inlet valve Vi. Once the pressure of the fluids in the tank 20 is sufficiently low the inlet valve will open to allow hydroponic solution HS from the reservoir 12 to enter the tank 20, air AIR in the tank 20 will be vented to the atmosphere. The tank 20 is thus once again full of hydroponic solution HS, thus controlling the volume of liquid available for the next fill phase. Any loss of hydroponic fluid that occurred during the fill phase (for example by absorption into the plant roots or support medium or evaporation to the atmosphere) is replaced from the reservoir 12.

The volume of the tank 20 may be less than the volume of the growth vessel 14. The volume of the tank 20 may be selected so as to avoid or mitigate against overfilling the growth vessel 14. The volume of the tank 20 may be selected so to avoid or mitigate filling the growth vessel 14 beyond the root zone of the plant under cultivation. The volume of liquid delivered to the growth vessel 14 may be adjusted by adjusting the depth of penetration of the second fluid conduit 28 in to the tank 20. The liquid delivery volume may be reduced by raising the first end or port Ei to space it further from the bottom wall of the tank 20. The second fluid conduit 28 may be provided with an indicia, graduations or hatch marking to facilitate adjustment of the liquid delivery volume.

In those embodiments employing a pot 16, in which the plant is disposed, the pot 16 may be selected to be of suitable size to accommodate the plant, the pot 16 may be changed or replaced as the plant grows. The liquid delivery volume may be adjusted in dependence upon the pot 16 dimensions, plant size or variety or environmental conditions.

In the illustrated embodiment, the second fluid conduit 28 passes through the top wall of the tank 20. In other embodiments, the second fluid conduit 28 may enter the tank 20 through side wall or the bottom wall of the tank 20. In some embodiments the tank 20 may comprise a hatch or resealable closure for gaining access to an interior of the tank 20 for example to facilitate cleaning of the interior. The second fluid conduit 28 pass into the tank 20 through closure so as to be removeable with the closure for maintenance and cleaning.

Referring now to Figures 4A to 12 there is shown alternative embodiments of the present disclosure. In the alternative embodiments, like numerals have, where possible, been used to denote like parts, albeit with the addition of the prefix “100”; “200”; “300”; “400”; “500” to indicate that these features belong to one of the respective alternate embodiments. The alternative embodiments share many common features with the embodiment of Figures 1 to 3B, therefore only the differences from the embodiment illustrated in Figures 1 to 3B will be described in any greater detail.

Figure 4A shows a hydroponic apparatus 110 substantially similar in construction to that shown in Figure 1 B albeit the check valve V_c in the air line 224 has been relocated, and the associated pipework rerouted.

The check valve V_c is disposed externally of reservoir 1 12, and may be disposed at an elevation above an upper end of a pot 116 and/or growth vessel 114. In some embodiments, an air line 124 coupling the check valve V_c to the diffuser or air stone 26 may be routed through the pot 1 16 and/or growth vessel 114. In other embodiments, the airline 124 may be routed externally of the pot 1 16 and/or growth vessel 1 14.

In one embodiment, an airline 124B, coupling the check valve V_c to the air pump 122, is routed back into and through the reservoir 112.

In another embodiment, an airline 124B’, coupling the check valve V_c to the air pump 122’, is routed to an air pump 122’ without returning through the reservoir 112. In some embodiments, the check valve V_c may be omitted; routing the airline 124B to a sufficient elevation, for example above the maximum fluid level in the pot 116 and/or growth vessel 114 or above the top of the pot 1 16, may be adequate to prevent flow of hydroponic solution from the tank 120 to the air pump 122, 122’ for example, but not limited to, by syphoning.

In still other embodiments, the pressure control or pressure relief valve V_p may be similarly located outside the reservoir 112.

Figure 4B shows a hydroponic apparatus 210 substantially similar in construction to that shown in Figures 1 B and 4A albeit a pressure control or pressure relief valve V_pc is in communication with the tank 220 and is coupled thereto by the airline 224, the pressure control or pressure relief valve V_pc is located at an elevation above the maximum height of the pot 216 and/or growth vessel 214. The pressure control valve V_p allows air in the tank 220 to be released during the drain phase of the operational cycle. When the airline 224 is routed through the pot 216 and/or growth vessel 214, as illustrated, in the event that any hydroponic solution reaches the pressure relief valve V_pc and escapes therethrough said fluid is advantageously caught or captured by the pot 216 and/or growth vessel 214 and drains back to the tank 220 and is prevented or inhibited from reaching the air pump 222. Figure 4B shows an alternative routing of the airline 224B’, the airline 224B’ does not return through the pot 116 and/or growth vessel 1 14 and reservoir 212 to the air pump 222’.

Figure 12 shows a hydroponic apparatus 610 substantially similar in construction to that shown in Figure 1 B albeit the lid, closure or support structure 13 and the growth vessel 14 have been combined to form a growth vessel 615 integral within the lid. In this embodiment the reservoir 612 has a footprint substantially similar to the growth vessel 615 and/or pot 616. It will be further appreciated that the pot 616 is optional and the plant or crop may be grown directly in the growth vessel 615. Further it will be appreciated that the unitary growth vessel/ lid 615 may be configured to be employed with the embodiments shown in Figures 1 B, 4A, 4B, 5, 12 and 13 and described herein.

Referring now to Figures 5B and 5C, there is shown a root control device 370. The root control device 370 may be employed with the hydroponic apparatus 10; 110; 210; 310; 610 of the embodiments shown in Figures 1 B, 4A, 4B, 5 and 12 and as described above and with the embodiment 710 shown in Figure 13 and described below.

In Figure 5C, the root control device 370 has been inserted into a pot 316’. In alternative embodiments, the root control device 370 may be disposed in the growth vessel 314 and the pot 316 may be omitted.

The root control device 370 comprises a central column or pillar 376 (see Figure 5B) about which fins or blades 374 are mounted. A platform 378 may be mounted to the upper end of the pillar (also referred to herein as a post) for receiving a plant thereon, the platform 378 may comprise a projection 379, in the form of a spike, extending upwardly therefrom for securing the plant in position.

A lower end of the pillar 376 may comprise at least one opening 377. The illustrated embodiment comprises a plurality of openings disposed about a lower region of the pillar 376. The at least one opening 377 provides a fluid passageway for pumping hydroponic solution into the pot 316 and for draining the hydroponic solution back into the tank 320. At least a lower end region of the pillar 378 may be hollow and comprises an opening in or at the lower end thereof. In some embodiments, the pillar 378 may take the form of a tube, closed at the upper end by the platform and open at the opposing lower end. In some embodiments, the openings 377 may be omitted.

The lower end of the pillar 376 may be mounted to outlet end Eo of the second fluid conduit 328 and the pillar 376 may act as a cover or diffuser to the second fluid conduit 328.

In the illustrated embodiment, the fins or blades 374 define a circular shape, however, in other embodiments, alternative shapes may be employed to ensure a close fit with the growth vessel 314 or pot 316. The fins or blades 374 are inclined at a desired angle to encourage plant root growth generally downwards in spiral configurations about the pillar 376.

In the illustrated embodiment, the root control device 370 comprises a first series of fins or blades 374 each disposed about the pillar 376 in a helical manner. The root control device 370 comprises a second series of fins or blades 374 each disposed about the pillar 376 in a helical manner at an elevation above that of the first series. Each fin or blade 374 in the upper series may partially overlap with one of the fins or blades 374 in the lower series. In this way, when a plant root grows beyond the end of the upper fin 374 it naturally falls or grows onto the upper surface of the lower fin 374 with which the upper fin 374 overlaps.

The pot 316 may comprise a support medium in addition to the root control device 370. The support medium may be one or more of the following: mineral wool (such as Rockwool), perlite, vermiculite, sponge, oasis cube, rice hulls, expanded clay, sand, peat, grow stones, coco coir or coconut fibre, pine bark, pumice, sawdust, polyurethane foam, gravel, expanded shale, lava rock or other suitable growth medium. The support medium may be inert or nutrient free when employed with the hydroponic apparatus disclosed herein or with alternative hydroponic growth apparatus. However, it will be appreciated that the root control device 370 may be employed with soil, compost or other nutrient rich medium and watered conventionally, in such applications the root control device 370 may have the advantage of efficient use of the pot or growth vessel, distributing root growth therethrough.

When the root control device 370 is employed with the hydroponic apparatus 10; 110; 210; 310; 610; 710 disclosed herein the root control device 370 may prevent or mitigate against the plant roots blocking or restricting the fluid inlet/outlet. The root control device 370 may increase the time a given plant can be cultivated in a given pot size before the root matter reaches the fluid inlet/outlet. Alternatively, the root control device 370 may be advantageous in that a given crop or plant can be cultivated and harvested within a smaller pot or growth vessel.

It is envisaged that the root control device 370 may be employed independently of a hydroponic apparatus 10; 110; 210; 310; 610; 710. Figure 5C shows a root control device 370 and an alternative pot 316’. The pot 316’ has an internal diameter substantially equal or similar to the external dimensions of the root control device 370 such that the root control device 370 may be a close fit within the pot 316’.

Referring now to Figures 6 to 9, there is shown a modular growth apparatus GA comprising a growth container and a root control device 470. The root control device 370 may be employed with the hydroponic apparatus 10; 110; 210; 310; 610 of the embodiments shown in Figures 1 B, 4A, 4B, 5 and 12 and as described above and with the embodiment 710 shown in Figure 13 and described below.

The modular growth apparatus GA comprises a modular growth vessel or container 416. The modular growth vessel 416 comprises base or tray member 416T. The tray member 416T, in the illustrated embodiment, comprises a circular base wall and cylindrical side wall upstanding therefrom. In other embodiments, other shapes may be employed. An upper end of the cylindrical side wall comprises a coupling element for mounting an intermediate member 416A thereto. In the illustrated embodiment, the coupling element comprises a recess or rebate defined in and surrounding the outer surface of the cylindrical side wall at an upper edge thereof.

The modular growth vessel 416 comprises at least one intermediate member 416A, A16B. In the illustrated embodiment, the modular growth vessel 416 comprises two intermediate members 416A, A16B. The modular growth vessel 416 comprises a first intermediate member 416A in the form of a cylindrical tube open at both ends. Each end of the first intermediate member 416A comprises a coupling element for mounting the first intermediate member 416A to a further member. In the illustrated embodiment, a lower end of the first intermediate member 416A comprises a first coupling element in the form of a recess or rebate defined in the inner surface of the cylindrical side wall and an upper end of the first intermediate member 416A comprises a second coupling element in the form of a recess or rebate defined in and surrounding the outer surface of the cylindrical side wall.

The modular growth vessel 416 comprises a second intermediate member416B. The second intermediate member 416B is substantially similar in construction to the first intermediate member 416A and will not be described in further detail.

Optionally, the modular growth vessel 416 comprises a cover or lid member 416L. The lid member 416L. In the illustrated embodiment, comprises a circular top wall and cylindrical side wall depending therefrom, in other embodiments, other shapes may be employed. A lower end of the cylindrical side wall comprises a coupling element for mounting to an intermediate member 416A, 416B or to the tray member 416T. In the illustrated embodiment, the coupling element comprises a recess or rebate defined in an inner surface of the cylindrical side wall. The top wall comprises an aperture A1 for receiving a plant or crop, the plant growing through the aperture A1 .

The modular growth apparatus GA comprises a modular root control device 470. The modular root control device 470 comprises a base element 476B in the form of a cylindrical tube, although, in other embodiments, other shapes may be employed. The cylindrical tube may be open at least one end thereof. In some embodiments, the upper end may be closed. In embodiments of the disclosure the lower end may be at least partially closed, a bottom wall may be provided with an aperture or opening. In some embodiments, the bottom wall may comprise an aperture to enable fluidic communication with a hydroponic apparatus. The cylindrical side wall of the base element 476B may comprise at least one fluid opening 477, the illustrated embodiment comprises a plurality of fluid openings 477 arranged about the circumference of the base element 476B. The modular root control device 470 comprises at least one blade structure P1 , P2. In the illustrated embodiment, the modular root control device 470 comprises two blade structures P1 , P2. A first blade structure P1 is configured to be mounted to the base element 476B. The first blade structure P1 comprises a central portion in the form of a tube or pillar segment 476, a lower end of which is configured to receive a portion of the base element 476B. The first blade structure P1 comprises at least one fin or blade 474 mounted to the pillar segment 476. In the illustrated embodiment, a plurality of fins or blades 474 are mounted about an external surface of the pillar segment 476, specifically, but not limited to four fins or blades 474. Each blade 475 is mounted at an inclination such that the blade 474 extends substantially from an upper end of the pillar segment 476 to a lower end of the pillar segment 476. Each blade 474 comprises an outer or distal edge, opposing a mounting or proximal edge adjacent the pillar segment 476, each outer or distal edge is arcuate or curved and may define a portion of a circle when viewed in plan view from above. An upper end of the pillar segment 476 is configured to receive a further element of modular root control device 470, such as another blade structure P2 as shown in the illustrated embodiment.

A second blade structure P2 is provided for mounting to the upper end of the first blade structure P1. The second blade structure P is substantially similar in construction to the first blade structure P1 and will not be described in further detail.

The modular root control device 470 comprises a cap or platform element CP. The platform element CP comprises a plate 478. The plate 478 may take the form of a disc. A lower surface of the plate 478 comprises a coupling element for mounting the platform element CP to an upper end of a pillar segment 476 of a blade structure P1 , P2. An upper surface of the plate 478 may comprise a projection 479, the projection 479 may take the form of a cone or spike.

Figure 7 illustrates a stage of construction of the components of the modular growth apparatus GA. Figure 8 shows an assembled growth apparatus GA. Figure 9 illustrates use of the assembled growth apparatus GA with a plant or crop PL and shows the plant PL mounted upon the plate 478. The projection 479 may be inserted into root matter of the plant PL to retain the plant in position during growing. The shoot system, stem, leaves, flowers, and fruit, is disposed above the platform and at least a portion thereof grows through the aperture A1 in the lid 416L. The root matter of the plant PL grows downwardly below the plate 478 towards the bottom of the growth vessel 416. The blades 474 direct the growth of the roots in a generally helical or spiral fashion about the central pillar 476.

Referring now to Figures 10 and 11 , there is shown a modular growth apparatus GA for application in vertical farming.

The growth apparatus GA comprises a modular root control device 470. The modular root control device 570 comprises at least one blade structure P1 . A plurality of blade structures P1 are shown in Figure 11 coupled or mounted one to the next in series one above the next. Each blade structure P1 is substantially similar in construction to the blade structure P1 of the embodiment in Figures 6 to 9 and described above.

The growth apparatus GA comprises a modular container 516, comprising at least one container member 516A, the embodiment illustrated in Figure 11 comprises a plurality of container members 516A forming tiers, each taking the form of a cylindrical tube open at both ends thereof. Each container member 516A comprises a first coupling element at one end of the tube and a second coupling element at the other opposing end of the tube. The first coupling element configured to receive the second coupling element of a further container member 516A to mount the further container member 516 to the first container member 516A. The side wall of the container member 516A comprises at least one aperture A2 providing a passageway from the interior of the tube to the exterior thereof. In the illustrated embodiment, each container member 516A comprises a pair of apertures A2 generally opposing each other. In other embodiments, more or less apertures A2 may be provided. In one example the number of apertures A2 may be equal to the number of blades 574 provided by each blade structure P1 , as shown in Figure 11 B. In the embodiment illustrated in Figure 1 1 the apertures A2 in one container member 516A are rotationally or circumferentially offset from those in the immediately adjacent tiers of container members 516A. Figure 11 B illustrates plants or crops being grown in the modular container 516. The plants PL may be watered and/or fed, with a suitable fluid such as a hydroponic solution, by introducing the water or solution at the upper end of the growth apparatus GA. The fluid drains downwardly to the base and is directed by the blades 574 of the root control device 570. Water or solution reaching the base may be collected and recirculated. The central pillar 576 of the root control device 570 may be employed as a conduit for transport of the water or solution to the upper end, either directly or as a passageway for receiving a fluid pipe coupled to a pumping system or other suitable fluid supply.

Referring now to Figure 13 there is shown a further alternative embodiment of the present disclosure. In the alternative embodiment, like numerals have, where possible, been used to denote like parts, albeit with the addition of the prefix “700” to indicate that these features belong to the respective alternate embodiment. The alternative embodiment shares many common features with the embodiments of Figures 1 to 12, therefore only the differences from the embodiments illustrated in Figures 1 to 12 will be described in any greater detail.

Figure 13 shows a hydroponic apparatus 710 comprising a container forming a reservoir 712 having a lid or partition structure 713P capable of supporting a growth vessel 714 (along with the plant under cultivation and a predefined volume of a hydroponic solution HS, and optionally a growth or support medium). The growth vessel 714 comprises a lid 713 from which a pot 716 depends, or in which the pot 716 is received, at least a portion of the pot 716 is disposed in the growth vessel 714. The pot 716 may be removeable. The pot 716 is adapted to receive the plant or crop being cultivated, for example, it may have apertures or openings to allow the passage of the hydroponic solution HS into and out of the interior of the pot 716 and also to allow the roots of the plant to grow into or within growth vessel 714.

The growth vessel 714 comprises a root control device 770 having a central pillar or post 776 about which fans or blades 774 are mounted. The fans or blades 774 are configured to direct rot growth in a spiral or helix about the central pillar 776. The base 776B of the pillar 776 comprises openings 777 providing a fluid passageway for ingress and egress of hydroponic solution into and out of the growth vessel 714.

The pot 716 may be mounted to, or supported by, an upper end of the pillar 776. The base 776B of the pillar 776 is in fluidic communication with a tank 720 via a fluid conduit or pipe 728. The tank 720 is disposed in the reservoir 712 and is mounted in, or disposed at, the bottom of the reservoir 712.

The fluid conduit 728 comprises a first, lower, end E_x disposed proximate the base of the tank 720 and a second, upper, end disposed in the growth vessel 714 within the base 776B of the pillar 776. The fluid conduit 728 passes through an opening in the partition structure 713P and is sealed by suitable seal S1 in the form of an O-ring.

The tank 720 comprises an inlet valve Vi to allow passage of fluid from the reservoir 712 into the tank 720. The inlet valve is disposed in or proximate to the base of the tank 720.

The hydroponic apparatus 710 comprises a fluid level indicator L mounted to or disposed within a side wall of the apparatus 710. In the illustrated embodiment, the fluid level indicator L comprises tube 732 in fluidic communication with the reservoir 712 via a fluid passageway proximate the base of the reservoir 712. An upper end of the tube 732 comprises a vent V_atm for venting the tank 720 to atmosphere.

The hydroponic apparatus 710 comprises or is coupled to an air supply, in the air supply may take the form of an air pump 722. An air line 724A/724B couples the air pump 722 to the tank 720. A first air line section 724A is mounted to the top of the tank 720 to provide an air input port in a top wall of the tank 720.

The first air line section 724A extends up within the tube 732 of the fluid level indicator L to a height sufficient to prevent or inhibit syphoning of hydroponic solution back to the air pump 722. The first air line section 724A terminates proximate the vent V_atm and thus the first air line section 724A also provides a route for venting the tank 720 back to atmosphere. The vent V_atm may take the form of a small hole extending from an interior of the fluid level indicator L to an exterior thereof. During the fill phase of the fill / drain cycle of the apparatus 710 the pump 722 is sufficient to overcome any loss of air pressure associated with the vent Vatm.

A second air line section 724B extends from the vent V_atm back down within the tube 732 to the air pump 722. An optional one way or check valve V_c may be provided at or proximate an air outlet of the air pump 722 to prevent fluid return into the air pump 722 specifically, but not limited to, hydroponic solution or water.

It will also be appreciated that a valve, a diaphragm or other suitable device may be employed to seal the vent hole from the interior of the fluid level indicator L when air is pumped from the air pump 722, and which may also seal the second air line section 724B when the air supply or air pump 722 is deactivated.

The pot 716 and/or growth vessel 714 may comprise an inert growth medium to support the plant or crop being cultivated.

Any or each of; the lid 713, the growth vessel 714, the pot 716 and the root control device 770 may be removable or separable from the reservoir 712. This may be useful for cleaning or maintenance of the apparatus 710, and may facilitate filling the reservoir with hydroponic solution, water or nutrients, measuring or monitoring the fluid level in the reservoir, and measuring characteristics of the hydroponic solution such as but not limited to nutrient level, oxygenation, or pH. It will be appreciated that the reservoir 712 may be filled by pouring liquid into the pot 716 and allowing the liquid to drain through the growth vessel 714 into the reservoir 712. The present disclosure provides a root control device 370; 470; 570; 770 for controlling, distributing or directing root matter growth of a plant within a growth vessel 14; 1 14; 214; 314; 615; 714 or pot 16; 1 16; 216; 316, 316’; 416; 516; 616; 716. The root control device 370; 470; 570; 770 comprises a support member from which at least one blade or platform 374; 474; 574; 774 depends. In some embodiments, the support member takes the form of a central pillar 376; 476; 576; 776 about which a plurality of blades 374; 474; 574; 774 are mounted. The at least one blade or platform 374; 474; 574; 774 may be inclined with respect to the horizontal.

Each of plurality of blades 374; 474; 574; 774 may comprise an outer edge substantially opposing a mounting edge at which the respective blade 374; 474; 574; 774 is mounted to the pillar 376; 476; 576; 776. The outer edge of each blade 374; 474; 574; 774 may be disposed in close proximity to an inner surface of a wall of the growth vessel 14; 1 14; 214; 314; 615; 714 or pot 16; 1 16; 216; 316, 316’; 416; 516; 616; 716.

The root control device 370; 470; 570; 770 may comprise a first series of blades 374; 474; 574; 774 disposed about pillar 376; 476; 576; 776 at a first elevation and a second series of blades 374; 474; 574; 774 disposed about pillar 376; 476; 576; 776 at a second elevation so as to be spaced apart from the first series of blades 374; 474; 574; 774.

The root control device 370; 470; 570; 770 may be modular in construction so as to be adjustable in height or depth. The modular construction may also facilitate placement of a growth medium into the growth vessel 14; 114; 214; 314; 615; 714 or pot 16; 116; 216; 316, 316’; 416; 516; 616; 716 along with the root control device 370; 470; 570; 770.

The root control device 370; 470; 570; 770 may comprise a fluid passageway to allow a fluid or liquid to pass therethrough for supplying the fluid or liquid to the root matter of the plant and/or draining fluid or liquid away from the root matter. The fluid passageway may be configured to be coupled to a hydroponic apparatus 10; 1 10; 210; 310; 610; 710 to enable filling and draining of a growth vessel 14; 114; 214; 314; 615; 714 in which the root control device 370; 470; 570; 770 is disposed. In some embodiments, the pillar 376; 476; 576; 776 comprises a base region or base member 476B; 776B having an opening in its base and at least one aperture in a side wall of the base region or base member 476B; 776B in fluidic communication with the opening.

In some embodiments, the support member or pillar 376; 476; 576; 776 may comprise a conduit or passageway extending from a lower end to an upper end to provide a fluid passageway therebetween, the fluid passageway may be provided by a pipe disposed in the conduit or passageway and extending through the support member or pillar 376; 476; 576; 776.

The present disclosure provides a hydroponic apparatus 10; 110; 210; 310; 610; 710 for growing plants comprising a reservoir 12; 112; 212; 312; 612; 712 for a liquid, a growth vessel 14; 1 14; 214; 314; 615; 714 for a plant and an air supply 22; 122; 222; 322; 622; 722. A tank 20; 120; 220; 320; 620; 720 is provided disposed in the reservoir 12; 1 12; 212; 312; 612; 712 and in fluidic communication with the reservoir 12; 112; 212; 312; 612; 712, with the growth vessel 14; 1 14; 214; 314; 615; 714 and with the air supply 22; 122; 222; 322; 622; 722. The tank 20; 120; 220; 320; 620; 720 comprises an inlet valve Vi for allowing liquid HS in the reservoir 12; 112; 212; 312; 612; 712 to enter the tank 20; 120; 220; 320; 620; 720 and an outlet valve V_p or vent V_atm for allowing air in the tank 20; 120; 220; 320; 620; 720 to vent to atmosphere. The hydroponic apparatus 10; 110; 210; 310; 610; 710 further comprises a controller 23; 123; 223; 323; 623; 723 for activating and deactivating the air supply 22; 122; 222; 322; 622; 722. The controller 23; 123; 223; 323; 623; 723 may be a time activated switch. The air supply 22; 122; 222; 322; 622; 722 may be an air pump or air compressor. The liquid HS may be a nutrient rich aqueous solution. The outlet valve V_p may be pressure sensitive and may take the form of a pressure control valve. The outlet valve V_p or vent V_atm may be adjustable.

A first pipe 24; 124; 224; 324; 624; 724A connected or coupled to the air supply 22; 122; 222; 322; 622; 722 extends into the tank 20; 120; 220; 320; 620; 720. The first pipe 24; 124; 224; 324; 624; 724A may terminate with a diffuser 26; 126; 326; 626, such as but not limited to, an air stone.

The first pipe 24; 124; 224; 324; 624; 724A may comprise a check valve V_c for inhibiting fluid flow towards the air supply 22; 122; 222; 322; 622; 722.

The outlet valve V_p or vent V_atm may be coupled to the first pipe 24; 124; 224; 324; 624; 724A and disposed at an elevation sufficient to prevent or mitigate against syphoning of fluid from the tank 20; 120; 220; 320; 620; 720 through the first pipe 24; 124; 224; 324; 624; 724A. The outlet valve V_p or vent V_atm may be disposed above at an elevation above the maximum fluid level.

The growth vessel 14; 114; 214; 314; 615; 714 may be provided with a sump in which a drain is located.

A fluid conduit 28; 128; 228; 328; 628; 728 extends between the growth vessel 14; 114; 214; 314; 615; 714 and the tank 20; 120; 220; 320; 620; 720. The fluid conduit comprises a first port E_x disposed in the tank 20; 120; 220; 320; 620; 720. The first port E_x may be disposed proximate to a lowermost wall of the tank 20; 120; 220; 320; 620; 720. The first port E_x may be located proximate the deepest region of the tank 20; 120; 220; 320; 620; 720.

The fluid conduit comprises a second port disposed in the growth vessel 14; 1 14; 214; 314; 615; 714.

The hydroponic apparatus 10; 110; 210; 310; 610; 710 may be provided as a kit of parts for growing plants.

The present disclosure also provides a method of use of a hydroponic apparatus 10; 110; 210; 310; 610; 710 for growing plants. The method comprises charging a growth vessel 14; 1 14; 214; 314; 615; 714 with liquid HS from a tank 20; 120; 220; 320; 620; 720 by activating an air supply 22; 122; 222; 322; 622; 722 and supplying air to the tank 20; 120; 220; 320; 620; 720 so as to pressurise the tank 20; 120; 220; 320; 620; 720. Pressurising the tank 20; 120; 220; 320; 620; 720 sufficiently has the effect of forcing the liquid from the tank 20; 120; 220; 320; 620; 720 to enter the growth vessel 14; 114; 214; 314; 615; 714. The method comprises discharging the growth vessel 14; 114; 214; 314; 615; 714 by deactivating the air supply 22; 122; 222; 322; 622; 722 so as to enable draining of the liquid HS in the growth vessel 14; 114; 214; 314; 615; 714 back into the tank 20; 120; 220; 320; 620; 720. The method also comprises venting the tank 20; 120; 220; 320; 620; 720 to atmosphere and equalising the pressure in the tank 20; 120; 220; 320; 620; 720 with the liquid pressure in a reservoir 12; 112; 212; 312; 612; 712.

The method further comprises filling the tank 20; 120; 220; 320; 620; 720 by opening the inlet valve Vi and charging the tank 20; 120; 220; 320; 620; 720 with liquid HS from the reservoir 12; 112; 212; 312; 612; 712. The present disclosure also provides a hydroponic apparatus 10; 110; 210; 310; 610; 710 for growing plants comprising a reservoir 12; 1 12; 212; 312; 612; 712 for a liquid and a growth vessel 14; 114; 214; 314; 615; 714 for a plant. A tank 20; 120; 220; 320; 620; 720 is disposed in the reservoir 12; 112; 212; 312; 612; 712 and is in fluidic communication with the reservoir 12; 1 12; 212; 312; 612; 712 and with the growth vessel 14; 1 14; 214; 314; 615; 714. The tank 20; 120; 220; 320; 620; 720 is configured and arranged to be coupled to an air supply 22; 122; 222; 322; 622; 722. The tank 20; 120; 220; 320; 620; 720 comprises an inlet valve Vi, for allowing liquid HS in the reservoir 12; 112; 212; 312; 612; 712 to enter the tank 20; 120; 220; 320; 620; 720, and an outlet valve V_p or vent Vatm, for allowing air in the tank 20; 120; 220; 320; 620; 720 to vent to atmosphere.

It can be appreciated that various changes may be made within the scope of the present invention. For example, the size and shape of the growth vessel, tank and/or reservoir may be adjusted. The apparatus may comprise two or more growth vessels in fluidic communication with the reservoir; each may be individually coupled to the reservoir in parallel with each other. In other embodiments, two or more growth vessels in fluidic communication with the reservoir and each other in series, a first vessel may be filled from the tank, subsequent vessels may be gravity fed from a preceding vessel in the series. The reservoir may comprise two or more tanks, each of the tanks may be coupled to a respective growth vessel or may be coupled to a common growth vessel. The apparatus may comprise a plurality of air supplies or pumps, each may be coupled to a respective tank or to a common tank. In embodiments, having two or more tanks the tanks may be in fluidic communication with each other.

Whilst the apparatus is configured to deliver a pre-defined volume of liquid to the growth chamber the growth chamber may be provided with an overflow mechanism in the event of a malfunction such as but not limited to valve failure.

The controller may also be in communication with one or more fault detection sensors which indicate the apparatus needs attention, maintenance or repair. Such sensors may include, but not limited to, pressure or air flow sensors for detecting low air supply from the air pump, tank or other air supply or for detecting valve failure or compromise.

The controller may also comprise or be coupled to a communication device for informing an operator of the condition of the apparatus, such device may take the form of one or more light or LED’s, a monitor or screen or other visual display, modem, network interface (wired or wireless), Bluetooth or other radio communications device.

The apparatus may be modular in construction and may be readily assembled, dismantled, upgraded or modified as required. The fluid pipes or conduits, fittings or connectors may be of push type or compression type such that no, or only basic tools, are required to assemble the apparatus. In this way the apparatus may be readily dismantled for maintenance or cleaning. Components of the apparatus may be readily interchanged, for example to increase or decrease the size of the tank or the volume of liquid a given tanks delivers. A growth vessel or pot of a suitable size may be mounted to the apparatus in dependence of the plant’s requirements. In some embodiments, the root control device may be integral with the pot or growth vessel. In other embodiments, the root control device may take the form of a series of baffles or inclined shelves extending inwardly from an inner surface of the pot or growth vessel.

In some embodiments, the root control device may be provided with a tube within which the root control device forms a close fit, the tube and root control device being placed into a plant pot along with a growth medium.

In still other embodiments, the fins or blades may comprise upstanding walls disposed about their peripheral or marginal edge so as to prevent of inhibit growth of the plant roots outside of the footprint of the root control device and to direct the root matter inwardly towards the centre thereof.

In some embodiments, the root control device may take the form of a continuous helix extending form an upper end of the pillar to a lower end thereof. In some embodiments, the root control device may take the form of two or more continuous helices co-wound around the pillar and extending from an upper end of the pillar to a lower end thereof.

It will be recognised that as used herein, directional references such as "top", "bottom", “base”, "front", "back", "end", "side", "inner", "outer", "upper" and "lower" do not necessarily limit the respective features to such orientation, but may merely serve to distinguish these features from one another.

Claims

1. A root diversion device for controlling and directing growth of root matter of a plant within a growth vessel, the device comprising: a support member having an upper end and a base; one or more platforms for directing root matter growth and mounted to the support member; and at least one opening to provide a passageway for allowing root growth therethrough, wherein at least one of said one of more platforms is mounted at an inclined angle with respect to the base of the support member.

2. A root diversion device according to claim 1 wherein the platform is disposed between the base and the upper end of the support member.

3. A root diversion device according to claim 1 wherein the support member is a central pillar and the one or more platforms comprises a plurality of blades mounted about the central pillar at an inclined angle with respect to the base of the central pillar, the blades being spaced apart from each other to provide channels therebetween.

4. A root diversion device according to claim 3 wherein two or more of the plurality of blades is mounted circumferentially about the central pillar.

5. A root diversion device according to claim 3 wherein two or more of the plurality of blades are mounted about the central pillar at different elevations.

6. A root diversion device according to claim 3 wherein each of the plurality of blades defines a portion of a helix disposed about the central pillar.

7. A root diversion device for controlling and directing growth of root matter of a plant within a growth vessel, the device comprising: a support member having an upper end and a base; and two or more platforms for directing root matter growth and mounted to the support member at different elevations above the base of the support member so as to define a passageway therebetween for allowing root growth therethrough.

8. A root control device for controlling growth of root matter of a plant within a growth vessel, the device comprising: a support member; at least one platform for directing root matter growth and mounted to the support member; and at least one opening to provide a passageway for allowing root growth therethrough.

9. A root control device according to claim 8 wherein the platform is spaced apart from a base of the support member.

10. A root control device according to claim 8 wherein the at least one platform is mounted at an inclined angle with respect to the horizontal.

1 1. A root control device according to claim 8 wherein the at least one platform comprises a plurality of platforms.

12. A root control device according to claim 8 wherein the support member is a central pillar and the at least one platform comprises a plurality of blades mounted about the central pillar, the blades being spaced apart from each other to provide channels therebetween.

13. A root control device according to claim 12 wherein each of the plurality of blades is mounted at an inclined angle with respect to the horizontal.

14. A root control device according to claim 12 wherein each of the plurality of blades defines a portion of a helix disposed about the central pillar.

15. A root control device according to claim 8 comprising a tubular base section at least partially open at a lower end thereof and having at least one opening in a sidewall thereof to provide a fluid passageway therebetween.

16. A root control device according to claim 8 wherein the root control device is modular in construction.

17. A root control device for controlling growth of root matter of a plant within a growth vessel, the device comprising: a support member; a first series of platforms mounted to the support member at a first elevation above the base of the support member; wherein the first series of platforms comprises at least one opening to provide a passageway for allowing root growth therethrough.

18. A root control device according to claim 17 wherein the support member is a central pillar and the first series of platforms comprises a plurality of inclined blades mounted about the central pillar; the blades being circumferentially spaced apart from each other to provide channels therebetween.

19. A root control device for controlling growth of root matter of a plant within a growth vessel, the device comprising: a support member; a first series of platforms mounted to the support member at a first elevation above the base of the support member; a second series of platforms mounted to the support member at a second elevation above the base of the support member and spaced apart from the first series of platforms; wherein each of the first and second series of platforms comprises at least one opening to provide a passageway for allowing root growth therethrough.

20. A growth apparatus for growing plants comprising a growth vessel and a root control device for controlling growth of root matter of a plant within a growth vessel, the root control device disposed in the growth vessel and comprising: a support member; at least one platform mounted to the support member, wherein the platform is spaced apart from the base of the support member; and at least one opening to provide a passageway for allowing root growth therethrough.

21 . A growth apparatus for growing plants comprising a growth vessel and a root control device for controlling growth of root matter of a plant within a growth vessel, the root control device disposed in the growth vessel and comprising: a support member; a first series of platforms mounted to the support member at a first elevation above the base of the support member; wherein the first series of platforms comprises at least one opening to provide a passageway for allowing root growth therethrough.

22. A growth apparatus according to claim 21 wherein the first series of platforms comprises a plurality of blades, each of the plurality of blades having an outer edge substantially opposing a mounting edge at which the respective blade is mounted to the support member, the outer edge of each blade being disposed in close proximity to an inner surface of a wall of the growth vessel.

23. A growth apparatus according to claim 21 wherein the growth vessel comprises at least one aperture in a side wall thereof to allow a plant to grow therethrough when supported by at least one of the platforms of the root control device.

24. A growth apparatus for growing plants comprising a growth vessel and a root control device for controlling growth of root matter of a plant within a growth vessel, the root control device disposed in the growth vessel and comprising: a support member; a first series of platforms mounted to the support member at a first elevation above the base of the support member; a second series of platforms mounted to the support member at a second elevation above the base of the support member and spaced apart from the first series of platforms; wherein each of the first and second series of platforms comprises at least one opening to provide a passageway for allowing root growth therethrough.

25. A hydroponic apparatus for growing plants comprising: a reservoir for a liquid; a growth vessel for a plant; an air supply; a tank disposed in the reservoir and in fluidic communication with the reservoir, with the growth vessel and with the air supply, wherein the tank comprises: an inlet valve for allowing liquid in the reservoir to enter the tank; an outlet vent for allowing air in the tank to vent to atmosphere; and a controller for activating and deactivating the air supply.

26. A hydroponic apparatus according to claim 25 comprising a root control device according to any of claims 1 to 12 wherein the root control device comprises a fluid passageway to allow a fluid or liquid to pass therethrough for supplying the same to the root matter of the plant and/or draining the fluid or liquid away from the root matter, the fluid passageway being fluidically coupled the tank to enable filling and draining of the growth vessel in which the root control device is disposed.

27. A hydroponic apparatus according to claim 26 wherein the central pillar comprises a base region having an opening in its base and at least one aperture in a side wall of the base region in fluidic communication with the opening.

28. A hydroponic apparatus according to claim 25 wherein the air supply is coupled to the tank by an air line, and wherein the airline includes the outlet vent.

29. A hydroponic apparatus according to claim 28 comprising a fluid level indicator for displaying the fluid level in the reservoir, and wherein the airline is disposed within the fluid level indicator and the outlet vent is provided at an upper end of the fluid level indicator.

30. A hydroponic apparatus according to claim 29 wherein the airline comprises an opening in fluidic communication with outlet vent to allow the tank to vent to atmosphere.

31 . A hydroponic apparatus according to claim 25 wherein the outlet vent is a valve.

32. A hydroponic apparatus according to claim 25 wherein the air supply is an air pump.

33. A hydroponic apparatus according to claim 25 wherein the air supply is an air compressor.

34. A hydroponic apparatus according to claim 25 wherein the liquid is a nutrient rich aqueous solution.

35. A hydroponic apparatus according to claim 31 wherein the outlet valve is pressure sensitive.

36. A hydroponic apparatus according to claim 31 wherein the outlet valve is a pressure control valve.

37. A hydroponic apparatus according to claim 36 wherein the outlet valve is adjustable.

38. A hydroponic apparatus according to claim 25 wherein a first pipe connected to the air supply extends into the tank.

39. A hydroponic apparatus according to claim 38 wherein the first pipe terminates with a diffuser.

40. A hydroponic apparatus according to claim 38 wherein the first pipe terminates with an air stone.

41 . A hydroponic apparatus according to claim 38 wherein the first pipe comprises a check valve for inhibiting fluid flow towards the air supply.

42. A hydroponic apparatus according to claim 25 wherein the growth vessel comprises a sump in which a drain is located.

43. A hydroponic apparatus according to claim 25 wherein a fluid conduit extends between the growth vessel and the tank.

44. A hydroponic apparatus according to claim 43 wherein the fluid conduit comprises a first port disposed in the tank.

45. A hydroponic apparatus according to claim 44 wherein the first port is disposed proximate to a lowermost wall of the tank.

46. A hydroponic apparatus according to claim 44 wherein the first port is located proximate the deepest region of the tank.

47. A hydroponic apparatus according to claim 43 wherein the fluid conduit comprises a second port disposed in the growth vessel.

48. A hydroponic apparatus according to claim 25 wherein the controller is a time activated switch.

49. A kit of parts for growing plants comprising: a reservoir chamber for a liquid; a growth vessel for a plant; a tank adapted to be disposed within the reservoir; an inlet valve for allowing liquid in the reservoir to enter the tank; an outlet vent for allowing air in the tank to vent to atmosphere; and a support for supporting the growth vessel above the tank.

50. A kit of parts according to claim 49 further comprising a fluid conduit for coupling the outlet valve to the tank.

51 . A kit of parts according to claim 49 further comprising a fluid conduit for coupling the tank to the growth vessel.

52. A kit of parts according to claim 49 further comprising an air supply.

53. A kit of parts according to claim 52 wherein the air supply is an air pump.

54. A kit of parts according to claim 49 further comprising a fluid conduit for coupling an air supply to the tank, the fluid conduit comprising the outlet vent.

55. A kit of parts according to claim 52 further comprising a controller for activating and deactivating the air supply.

56. A hydroponic apparatus for growing plants comprising a reservoir for a liquid and a growth vessel for a plant, wherein a tank is disposed in the reservoir and is in fluidic communication with the reservoir and with the growth vessel, and wherein the tank is configured and arranged to be coupled to an air supply, the tank comprises an inlet valve, for allowing liquid in the reservoir to enter the tank, and an outlet vent, for allowing air in the tank to vent to atmosphere.

57. A hydroponic apparatus according to claim 56 further comprising a controller for activating and deactivating an air supply.