EP4652489A1 - Système d'imagerie avec réallocation de photons - Google Patents
Système d'imagerie avec réallocation de photonsInfo
- Publication number
- EP4652489A1 EP4652489A1 EP23837715.4A EP23837715A EP4652489A1 EP 4652489 A1 EP4652489 A1 EP 4652489A1 EP 23837715 A EP23837715 A EP 23837715A EP 4652489 A1 EP4652489 A1 EP 4652489A1
- Authority
- EP
- European Patent Office
- Prior art keywords
- sample
- reallocation
- spectral line
- optical device
- mirror
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Pending
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Classifications
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- G—PHYSICS
- G02—OPTICS
- G02B—OPTICAL ELEMENTS, SYSTEMS OR APPARATUS
- G02B21/00—Microscopes
- G02B21/0004—Microscopes specially adapted for specific applications
- G02B21/002—Scanning microscopes
- G02B21/0024—Confocal scanning microscopes (CSOMs) or confocal "macroscopes"; Accessories which are not restricted to use with CSOMs, e.g. sample holders
- G02B21/0052—Optical details of the image generation
- G02B21/0064—Optical details of the image generation multi-spectral or wavelength-selective arrangements, e.g. wavelength fan-out, chromatic profiling
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- G—PHYSICS
- G02—OPTICS
- G02B—OPTICAL ELEMENTS, SYSTEMS OR APPARATUS
- G02B21/00—Microscopes
- G02B21/0004—Microscopes specially adapted for specific applications
- G02B21/002—Scanning microscopes
- G02B21/0024—Confocal scanning microscopes (CSOMs) or confocal "macroscopes"; Accessories which are not restricted to use with CSOMs, e.g. sample holders
- G02B21/0032—Optical details of illumination, e.g. light-sources, pinholes, beam splitters, slits, fibers
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G02—OPTICS
- G02B—OPTICAL ELEMENTS, SYSTEMS OR APPARATUS
- G02B21/00—Microscopes
- G02B21/0004—Microscopes specially adapted for specific applications
- G02B21/002—Scanning microscopes
- G02B21/0024—Confocal scanning microscopes (CSOMs) or confocal "macroscopes"; Accessories which are not restricted to use with CSOMs, e.g. sample holders
- G02B21/0052—Optical details of the image generation
- G02B21/006—Optical details of the image generation focusing arrangements; selection of the plane to be imaged
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- G—PHYSICS
- G02—OPTICS
- G02B—OPTICAL ELEMENTS, SYSTEMS OR APPARATUS
- G02B21/00—Microscopes
- G02B21/0004—Microscopes specially adapted for specific applications
- G02B21/002—Scanning microscopes
- G02B21/0024—Confocal scanning microscopes (CSOMs) or confocal "macroscopes"; Accessories which are not restricted to use with CSOMs, e.g. sample holders
- G02B21/0052—Optical details of the image generation
- G02B21/0072—Optical details of the image generation details concerning resolution or correction, including general design of CSOM objectives
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- G—PHYSICS
- G02—OPTICS
- G02B—OPTICAL ELEMENTS, SYSTEMS OR APPARATUS
- G02B21/00—Microscopes
- G02B21/0004—Microscopes specially adapted for specific applications
- G02B21/002—Scanning microscopes
- G02B21/0024—Confocal scanning microscopes (CSOMs) or confocal "macroscopes"; Accessories which are not restricted to use with CSOMs, e.g. sample holders
- G02B21/0052—Optical details of the image generation
- G02B21/0076—Optical details of the image generation arrangements using fluorescence or luminescence
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G02—OPTICS
- G02B—OPTICAL ELEMENTS, SYSTEMS OR APPARATUS
- G02B21/00—Microscopes
- G02B21/0004—Microscopes specially adapted for specific applications
- G02B21/002—Scanning microscopes
- G02B21/0024—Confocal scanning microscopes (CSOMs) or confocal "macroscopes"; Accessories which are not restricted to use with CSOMs, e.g. sample holders
- G02B21/008—Details of detection or image processing, including general computer control
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N21/00—Investigating or analysing materials by the use of optical means, i.e. using sub-millimetre waves, infrared, visible or ultraviolet light
- G01N21/17—Systems in which incident light is modified in accordance with the properties of the material investigated
- G01N21/47—Scattering, i.e. diffuse reflection
- G01N21/4738—Diffuse reflection, e.g. also for testing fluids, fibrous materials
- G01N21/474—Details of optical heads therefor, e.g. using optical fibres
- G01N2021/4752—Geometry
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N21/00—Investigating or analysing materials by the use of optical means, i.e. using sub-millimetre waves, infrared, visible or ultraviolet light
- G01N21/17—Systems in which incident light is modified in accordance with the properties of the material investigated
- G01N21/25—Colour; Spectral properties, i.e. comparison of effect of material on the light at two or more different wavelengths or wavelength bands
- G01N21/31—Investigating relative effect of material at wavelengths characteristic of specific elements or molecules, e.g. atomic absorption spectrometry
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N2201/00—Features of devices classified in G01N21/00
- G01N2201/10—Scanning
- G01N2201/104—Mechano-optical scan, i.e. object and beam moving
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- G—PHYSICS
- G02—OPTICS
- G02B—OPTICAL ELEMENTS, SYSTEMS OR APPARATUS
- G02B21/00—Microscopes
- G02B21/0004—Microscopes specially adapted for specific applications
- G02B21/002—Scanning microscopes
- G02B21/0024—Confocal scanning microscopes (CSOMs) or confocal "macroscopes"; Accessories which are not restricted to use with CSOMs, e.g. sample holders
- G02B21/0036—Scanning details, e.g. scanning stages
- G02B21/0048—Scanning details, e.g. scanning stages scanning mirrors, e.g. rotating or galvanomirrors, MEMS mirrors
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- G—PHYSICS
- G02—OPTICS
- G02B—OPTICAL ELEMENTS, SYSTEMS OR APPARATUS
- G02B27/00—Optical systems or apparatus not provided for by any of the groups G02B1/00 - G02B26/00, G02B30/00
- G02B27/58—Optics for apodization or superresolution; Optical synthetic aperture systems
Definitions
- Imaging system with photon reallocation [0001]
- the invention relates to the field of optical microscopy, and more generally imaging.
- Optical microscopy plays an essential role in biology and micro- and nanotechnologies, because it allows samples to be observed at a high throughput unlike, for example, electron microscopy which requires complex preparation operations.
- its resolving power is necessarily limited by the diffraction of light.
- the maximum resolution d is given by [0003] [0004] where is the wavelength of the light used (between 380 nm and 780 nm for visible light) and ON the numerical aperture which can hardly exceed a value of 1.4 for biological samples.
- Confocal microscopy makes it possible to obtain images with a very shallow depth of field (of the order of a few hundred nanometers), and therefore to “section” the sample allowing access to its three-dimensional structure. This technique is most often associated with the use of fluorescent markers, but it is also possible to use it in reflectance, without markers.
- a confocal microscope uses a point illumination source, an image of which is projected onto the sample to be observed by means of an objective. The light from the sample (backscattered light in the case of a confocal reflectance microscope; fluorescent emission when a fluorescent marker is used) is focused on a pinhole optically conjugated to the point source, then detected for example by means of a photomultiplier.
- the function of the pinhole is to suppress radiation that does not come from the focal plane of the lens, thus achieving optical sectioning.
- An image of the sample is obtained point by point, by scanning. More precisely, a two-dimensional scan, in the two directions perpendicular to the optical axis, makes it possible to obtain an image of a slice of the sample centered around the focal plane of the objective. By adding an axial scan of this focal plane we obtain a three-dimensional image. [0008]
- the thickness of the slice is all the smaller, and therefore the axial resolution is all the better, as the diameter of the pinhole is small, but the gain is low when we go below 1 unit of Airy (UA).
- the Airy unit is the diameter of the Airy spot of the microscope, and is equal to .
- the image is then resized (ideally, reduced by a factor of 2) by digital or optical means before moving to the next scan point.
- the final image is obtained by integrating the different scan images acquired successively, each shifted by one scan step relative to the previous image.
- a purely optical implementation of the photon reallocation technique is described in (York 2013), (De Luca 2013) and (Curd 2015). It consists of applying a first angular scan to the illumination beam, applying an inverse angular scan to the beam coming from the sample, then applying to this same beam coming from the sample a second angular scan, synchronized with the first scan.
- the second angular scan has an amplitude normalized to the beam section larger, ideally by a factor of two, than the first scan.
- Normalized with respect to the section of the beam means that if ⁇ is the ratio between the amplitude of the second angular scan and that of the first angular scan and M the ratio between the section of the beam coming from the sample and that of the beam d lighting, it is the magnitude ⁇ /M which must be greater than 1 and ideally equal to 2. [0012] As in classic confocal microscopy, it is possible to parallelize the acquisition by using a pinhole matrix and microlens matrices see for example the aforementioned article (York 2013).
- Document EP 4012476 and the article describe a method and an apparatus for confocal microscopy by reflectance or transmission with reallocation of photons with a spatial resolution optimized by timely sizing of the pinhole.
- Confocal photon reallocation microscopy is a point-by-point scanning imaging technique. Consequently, it requires long acquisition times which are detrimental, or even prohibitive, for certain applications such as in-situ characterization in non-destructive control for rapid diagnosis in the biomedical, materials and micro- and nanotechnologies.
- the invention aims to overcome this drawback of the prior art.
- this goal is achieved by dispersing a light beam in a first direction so as to form a “spectral line” which illuminates the sample.
- a plurality of points of the sample aligned in said first direction are illuminated simultaneously with different wavelengths.
- a portion of the surface of the sample can therefore be inspected by scanning only in a second direction not parallel (and preferably perpendicular) to the first.
- the fact of having to scan along a single direction instead of two significantly reduces the image acquisition time. Furthermore, in certain embodiments of the invention, this makes it possible to use resonant mirrors oscillating at a very high frequency – of the order of several tens of kHz – which makes it possible to further reduce the acquisition time. .
- An object of the invention is therefore a photon reallocation imaging system comprising: - A polychromatic light source configured to generate at least one spatially coherent lighting light beam in a wavelength range d 'lighting ; - A first optical system configured to disperse said lighting light beam with a first angular dispersion DA 1 and focus it on a sample so as to form a first spectral line oriented in a first direction; - A second optical system configured to collect a light beam elastically scattered by said sample, called signal beam, apply to it a second angular dispersion DA 2 , and focus it in a focal plane so as to form a second spectral line oriented along a second direction ; - An image matrix sensor arranged in said image focal plane; - A means for inducing a relative displacement between the first spectral line and the sample in a third direction, perpendicular to the first direction; and - A means for forming an image of the sample by reallocation of photons from one or more images acquired
- the first optical system may comprise: - a first collimator system, configured to collimate said lighting light beam; - said first dispersive optical device; - an optical focusing system configured to receive as input the illumination light beam dispersed by said first dispersive device and focus it on the sample.
- the second optical system may comprise: - said or another focusing system for collecting said signal beam, collimating it and directing it towards said first dispersive optical device, or another dispersive optical device, such that it is spectrally recombined; - said first or said other dispersive optical device, configured to spectrally recombine said signal beam; - said second dispersive optical device having the second angular dispersion DA 2 , to spectrally disperse said signal beam in said second direction; and - at least one optical element configured to focus in a focal plane, called the image focal plane, the signal beam spectrally dispersed by the second dispersive optical device.
- the second optical system may comprise a pinhole camera arranged in a plane conjugated with a focal plane of the focusing system of the second optical system so as to carry out confocal filtering.
- the means for forming an image of the sample by reallocation of photons from a plurality of images of the second spectral line acquired by said image matrix sensor may comprise a digital image processor.
- the means for inducing a relative displacement between the first spectral line and the sample may comprise a sample translation stage, or it may comprise a variable orientation mirror common to the first and second optical systems, configured to apply an angular scan in the third direction to the lighting light beam and an opposite angular scan to the spectrally recombined signal beam.
- the means for inducing a relative displacement between the first spectral line and the sample may comprise a first mirror of variable orientation common to the first and the second optical system, configured to apply a scan angular in the third direction to the lighting light beam and an angular scan opposite to the spectrally recombined signal beam; and -
- the means for forming an image of the sample by reallocation of photons comprises a second mirror of variable orientation, configured to apply an angular scan in a fourth direction, perpendicular to the second direction, to the signal beam spectrally dispersed by the second dispersive optical device;
- the angular sweep applied by the second mirror of variable orientation being synchronous and having an amplitude equal to A S /M S times the amplitude of that applied by the first mirror, A S being a factor between 1.8 and 2, 2 and M S and the ratio between the dimension of the lighting light beam on the second variable orientation mirror, measured in the fourth direction, and the dimension of the spectrally dispersed
- the first mirror of variable orientation can be structurally independent of the second mirror of variable orientation and the first dispersive optical device is distinct from the second dispersive optical device.
- the first and the second mirror of variable orientation can be formed by two distinct reflective regions of the same support of variable orientation. For example, said orientation support.
- the first dispersive optical device may be distinct from the second dispersive optical device.
- the light source may comprise a first set of a plurality of microlenses aligned in the third direction to generate a plurality of said lighting light beams in parallel, whereby said first optical system forms on the sample a plurality of first spectral lines oriented in a first direction and arranged in said third direction, and in which said second optical system may comprise a second set of a plurality of microlenses aligned in said third direction to form on the image matrix sensor a plurality of first spectral lines oriented in a first direction and arranged in a fourth direction, perpendicular to said second direction.
- an imaging system performs a second spatial dispersion operation to form, on the sensor image, a second spectral line of greater length (ideally double) than that of the first spectral line projected on the sample. This is necessary to make possible reallocation of photons.
- FIG.1 a diagram of a confocal microscope with reallocation of photons according to a first embodiment of the invention
- FIG.2 a diagram of a confocal microscope with reallocation of photons according to a second embodiment of the invention
- FIG.3 a diagram of a confocal microscope with reallocation of photons according to a third embodiment of the invention
- FIG.4 a diagram of a confocal microscope with reallocation of photons according to a fourth embodiment of the invention
- FIG.5 a diagram of a confocal microscope with reallocation of photons according to a fifth embodiment of the invention
- a polychromatic light source SL generates a spatially – but generally not temporally – coherent FE lighting beam.
- the source SL includes for example a broad spectrum source SLS, for example an arc lamp, a light-emitting diode or a pulsed laser.
- An FSC spectral filter selects a portion of the spectrum of the SLS source. The extent of the wavelength range selected by the FSC filter determines, with the angular dispersion DA 1 , the extent of the first spectral line scanning the sample.
- the lighting beam FE at the output of the light source SL is reflected by a separator blade BS which directs it towards the first optical system SO1, intended to illuminate the sample E.
- Said optical system SO1 also comprises from the separator blade BS, a first converging lens L 105 which collimates the beam FE; a planar mirror M 102 (non-essential), two other converging lenses L 104 , L 103 forming an afocal system, in the common focal plane of which is arranged a second pinhole P 2 , which is thus optically conjugated with the first pinhole P 1 at the output of the light source SL.
- the lighting beam leaves the collimated lens L 103 and is directed towards a diffraction grating G 1 having an angular dispersion DA 1 in a first direction x.
- the beam diffracted by the grating G 1 passes through an afocal system made up of two other converging lenses L 1 01 , L 102 and is reflected by a planar mirror M 102 (non-essential) before being focused on the sample E by an objective microscope MO.
- the spectral dispersion carried out by the network G 1 and the focusing by the objective MO lead to the formation of a spectral line LS1 on the sample, that is to say of a focal spot of elongated shape, oriented according to the x direction, in which the wavelength of the light varies monotonically with the position in said x direction.
- the main function of the afocal system formed by the lenses L 101 and L 102 is to systematically place the diffraction grating G 1 in a conjugate plane of the pupil of the microscope objective, located at the rear of this last. Additionally, it can help adjust the size of the lighting beam.
- the sample E is mounted on a translation stage PT which allows it to be translated in a direction y perpendicular to x. In this way, the spectral line LS1 scans a surface of the sample.
- a second optical system SO2 collects the light beam FS (“signal beam”) elastically scattered by the sample – that is to say scattered without change in wavelength – to form a second spectral line LS2 on a CMI image matrix sensor.
- the imaging system in [Fig.1] operates in reflection, which allows a pooling of optical elements between the first and the second optical system. More particularly, all the elements of the first optical system SO1 also belong to the second optical system, which also includes additional components. Also, the light backscattered by the sample E is collected and collimated by the microscope objective MO and recombined spectrally by the same diffraction grating G 1 which had dispersed it during the outward journey.
- the afocal system formed by the lenses L 103 and L 104 makes it possible to carry out confocal filtering, as in a confocal microscope according to the prior art, in addition to making it possible to modify the beam size FS.
- the beam FS passes through the splitter blade BS which had reflected the lighting beam FE coming from the source SL.
- the converging lenses L 105 and L 106 placed on either side of said separating blade, form an afocal system which makes it possible to place a second diffraction grating G 2 in a conjugate plane of the pupil of the objective OM. This second diffraction grating again scatters the light in the x direction.
- a lens L 107 forms a second spectral line LS2 oriented in the direction x on the matrix image sensor CMI.
- the image matrix sensor can be produced, for example, in CMOS or CCD technology.
- the number of pixels in the x direction which is determined by the spatial extent of the spectral line that can be obtained by the SO2 optical system, typically of the order of hundreds.
- the number of pixels in the y direction may be less – of the order of ten or a few dozen – because these pixels are used only for the implementation, by a PNI digital image processor, of a resolution algorithm. reallocation of photons.
- the implementation of this algorithm requires synchronization of the PNI digital image processor with the translation stage.
- the digital image processor PNI may for example be a suitably programmed microprocessor or a dedicated digital circuit.
- the second spectral line LS2 it is necessary for the second spectral line LS2 to have a length in the x direction greater, ideally by a factor of 2 or close to 2 (for example included between 1.8 and 2.2). This is illustrated in the upper left part of the figure; we note in particular that a segment corresponding to a wavelength interval ⁇ is longer in the spectral line LS2 than in LS1.
- This elongation can be obtained thanks to the use of a second diffraction grating G 2 having an angular dispersion DA 2 greater than that – DA 1 – of the first diffraction grating, at the magnification M G of the optical beam produced by the assembly constituted by the lenses L 103 , L 104 L 105 and L 006 or a combination of the two.
- a G being a factor between 1.8 and 2.2 and ideally having a value of 2.
- the embodiment of [Fig.2] differs from that of [Fig.1] only in that the mirror M 102 of the first optical system is replaced by an oscillating mirror – or more generally having a variable orientation – S 1 . More precisely, the variation in orientation of the mirror S 1 is controlled so as to induce a displacement of the first spectral line LS1 on sample E in the y direction; for this reason, S 1 will be called “scanning mirror” in the following. In this way, the spectral line LS1 scans the sample E without needing to translate the latter along the y direction. As in the embodiment of [Fig.1], the reallocation of photons is carried out digitally by an image processor PNI, synchronized with the mobile mirror S 1 .
- the embodiment of [Fig.3] differs from that of [Fig.2] in that the second optical system SO 2 also includes an oscillating scanning mirror – or more generally having a variable orientation – S 2 arranged before the lens L 107 for focusing the FS beam on the CMI image matrix sensor.
- An afocal system formed by the converging lenses L 308 and L 309 makes it possible to combine the mirror S 2 with the pupil of the microscope objective OM.
- the variation in orientation of the mirror S 2 is controlled so as to induce a displacement of the second spectral line LS2 on the matrix image sensor in the y direction, thus carrying out the reallocation of photons in a purely optical manner .
- M G is the total magnification of the assembly constituted by the lenses L 103 , L 104 , L 105 , L 106 , L 308 and L 309 .
- the number of pixels of the CMI image matrix sensor in the y direction is determined by the amplitude of the scanning carried out by the second spectral line LS2, and is typically of the same order of magnitude as the number of pixels in the y direction.
- the image sensor CMI does not necessarily have to acquire a distinct image for each position of the spectral lines LS1 and LS2: the same image can correspond to several positions.
- the acquisition of a single image may be sufficient, which makes it possible to do without synchronization between the scanning mirrors S 1 , S 2 and the matrix image sensor.
- the rate of the scan(s) is limited by the need to perform synchronization: between the PT translation stage and the CMI image matrix sensor in the case of [Fig.1]; between S 1 and the CMI image matrix sensor in the case of [Fig.2]; and at least between S 1 and S 2 in the case of [Fig.3].
- [Fig.5] The embodiment of [Fig.5] is similar to that of [Fig.4], except that the functions of the two diffraction gratings G 1 and G 2 are carried out by two distinct regions of one and the same network G, which is made possible by the use of the redirection mirrors M 502 , M 503 and M 504 and by the fact that, in the example of [Fig.5], the beam of FE lighting passes through the BS splitter blade while the FS beam is reflected from it.
- DA 1 DA 2
- the embodiments of [Fig.4] and [Fig.5] require two diffraction gratings, or a single grating sufficiently large to present two distinct zones that can be illuminated independently of each other.
- the embodiment of [Fig.6] for its part, comprises a single network, the spatial extent of which must not necessarily be greater than that of the FE lighting beam.
- the system of [Fig.6] comprises a light source SL as described above with reference to [Fig.1].
- the lighting beam FE coming from this source is collimated by the lens L 105 for collimating the lighting beam FE, is deflected by a first redirection mirror M 601 (non-essential), and reaches the diffraction grating.
- the spectrally dispersed beam is spatially filtered by the slit FR located in the common focal plane of the two lenses L 601 and L 602 forming an afocal system.
- the length of the FR slit in the x spectral dispersion direction depends on the introduced angular dispersion of the grating, while the width in the y direction is determined as for the pinhole of a conventional confocal microscope.
- the main function of the afocal system formed by the lenses L 602 and L 105 is to optically combine the slit FR and the pinhole P 1 of the source SL.
- the FR slot can be omitted.
- the lighting beam dispersed by the network G 1 and filtered spatially is directed towards the microscope objective MO by the scanning mirror S 1 , formed by a reflecting surface of an oscillating or variable orientation support SPO, which makes it possible to obtain a spectral line LS1 scanning the sample E, as described above with reference to other embodiments.
- the light backscattered by the sample is collected by the objective MO, reflected by S 1 , which compensates for the effect of the scanning introduced in the “outward path” and spatially filtered by the assembly L 601 – FR – L 602 , before arriving again on the diffraction grating G 1 .
- the originality of this embodiment is that, instead of collecting the beam spectrally recombined by the first diffraction order of the grating, which propagates along the path of the lighting beam but in the opposite direction, we uses second-order diffracted light (FS' beam in the figure).
- the second order angular dispersion being double that of the first order; consequently, the diffracted beam FS' is not spectrally recombined, but has an angular dispersion of double amplitude than that of the lighting beam FE having been diffracted to the first order (in other words, the spectral dispersion introduced during the “outward journey” is overcompensated).
- d G1 d G2 .
- the first optical system SO1 for forming the first spectral line LS1 on the sample E and the second optical system largely coincide, the same optical components being crossed by light on the way out (formation of the first spectral line and lighting of the sample) and on the way back (collection and processing of the signal beam). More particularly, in the embodiments of [Fig.1] to [Fig.5], the first optical system is a subset of the second. This is less true in the case of the embodiment of [Fig.6]: the use of the 2nd diffraction order of the diffraction grating in fact separates the path of the signal beam from that of the lighting beam.
- the first and second optical systems may be completely or substantially disjoint. This is particularly the case for imaging systems operating in transmission.
- FIG.7 Such a system is illustrated in [Fig.7]. Its operating principle is similar to that of [Fig.3], except the fact that it operates in transmission and not in reflection. In the same way, the embodiments of [Fig.1]; [Fig.2], [Fig.4] and [Fig.5] can be modified for transmission operation. [0063] In the system of [Fig.7] the lighting beam FE emitted by the source SL is collimated by the converging lens L 702 and reflected by the variable orientation mirror S 10 which scans it in the y direction.
- the FE beam After passing through an afocal system L 703 – L 704 (it should be noted the absence of pinhole, unnecessary in SO1) and having been deflected by the mirror M 701 (optional), the FE beam is spectrally dispersed in the x direction by the diffraction grating G 10 , located in the Fourier plane of the pinhole P 1 of the source SL thanks to said afocal system L 703 – L 704 and the lens L 702 .
- the beam After passing through a second afocal system L 705 – L 706 and having been deflected once again by a mirror M 702 (also optional), the beam is focused by a first microscope objective MO 1 so as to form the spectral line LS1 on sample E.
- the function of the afocal system L 706 - L 705 is to optically combine the rear pupil of the microscope objective and the grating G 1 . All these elements constitute the first SO1 optical system.
- the light having passed through the sample (signal beam FS) is collected and collimated by a second microscope objective MO 2 located opposite the first, then recombined spectrally by another diffraction grating G 11 (note that these two networks accomplish the spectral dispersion and recombination functions that, in the embodiments described above, were accomplished by the G 0 network alone).
- DA 10 is the angular dispersion of G 10 and DA 11 that of G 11 .
- M G10-G11 DA 11 DA 10 with M G10-G11 the magnification formed by L 705 , L 7 06 , MO 1 , MO 2 , L 707 and L 708 , in other words the ratio between the diameter d G11 of the optical beam on the network G 11 and that (d G10 ) on the network G 10 .
- the redirection mirror M 703 and the afocal system L 707 – L 708 make it possible to optically combine this network with the rear pupil of MO 2 .
- the spectrally recombined light beam is spatially filtered by the assembly L 709 – P 2 – L 710 and reaches the variable orientation mirror S 11 , actuated synchronously with S 10 and with an oscillation amplitude divided by the total magnification M S10-S11 between S 10 and S 1 1 (ratio between d S11 , diameter of the incident beam on S 11 and d S10 , diameter of the incident beam on S 10 ), so as to compensate for the angular scanning introduced by S 10 (as in the case of the networks G 10 and G 11 , here we have two mirrors with variable orientation S 10 and S 11 which replace a mirror with single orientation S 1 in the embodiments operating in reflection).
- the spectrally re-dispersed beam is reflected by another scanning mirror S 2 which is synchronized with S 10 and S 11 and with an oscillation amplitude approximately equal to 2A S2 M S10-S2 , with MS 2 the magnification of the afocal system L 711 , L 712 , L 713 , L 714 (in other words the ratio between d S2 , diameter of the optical beam on the mirror S 2 and d S11 ) and is focused by a lens L 715 so as to form a spectral line LS2 oriented in the x direction and scanning the CMI image matrix sensor in the y direction.
- Afocal systems L 711 - L 712 and L 713 - L 714 ensure the optical conjugation between the different optical elements of the SO2 system. Note that this system operating in transmission has more components than the systems of the embodiments described above, and requires the synchronization of three scanning mirrors. To alleviate these synchronization constraints, it is possible to replace S 10 , S 11 , S 12 with a single scanning or oscillating system such as a resonant mirror or a polygonal scanner. As explained above, to reduce the image acquisition time it is possible to accelerate the angular speed of the scanning mirror(s), but this is technically difficult.
- FIG.8 An alternative approach, illustrated by [Fig.8], consists of replacing a single lighting beam with a plurality of MFE beams arranged in a y direction.
- the embodiment of [Fig.7] is similar to that of [Fig.3], only the differences will be described in detail.
- the light source SL is replaced by a source SLMF comprising a set MML 1 of microlenses aligned in the y direction, decomposing the single light beam emitted by the broad spectrum source SLS into the plurality of MFE beams.
- the spatial coherence of these beams is ensured by a plurality of pinholes MP 1 arranged in the focal plane of each microlens, replacing the single pinhole P 1 .
- the pinhole P 2 ensuring confocal filtering is replaced by a plurality of pinholes MP 2 aligned in the y direction.
- the lens L 105 of [Fig.3] is replaced by a lens L 810 arranged at the output of the SLMF source to collimate the plurality of MFE lighting beams, as well as by a converging lens L 805 and a second plurality of microlenses aligned in the y direction MML 2 focusing the plurality of signal beams MFS after the latter have passed through the separator blade BS.
- N>1 spectral lines PLS1, PLS2 aligned along the y direction (and oriented along the x direction) are generated on the sample E and on the image matrix sensor, respectively. Thanks to this, the same region of the sample can be imaged by carrying out, with the scanning mirrors S 1 and S 2 , an angular scanning reduced by a factor N compared to the case of a single spectral line. The time to acquire an image of said region of the sample is therefore reduced by this same factor N.
- the invention has been described with reference to a certain number of embodiments, but variants are possible. For example: [0068] - The optical beams do not necessarily have to have a circular section. In this case, the concept of diameter must be replaced by that of transverse dimension.
- the diffraction gratings can be replaced by other dispersive systems, for example three-dimensional diffractive structures, or even by refractive systems such as prisms (except, in the case of the mode of realization of [Fig.6], which requires a diffractive system).
- the microscope objective(s) can be replaced by other types of focusing systems, for example concave mirrors or f-theta lenses.
- the dispersive elements will not necessarily be placed in a conjugate plane of a pupil of the focusing system but, more generally, in a conjugate plane of the Fourier plane of the sample [0073] -
- the x and y directions do not necessarily have to be perpendicular, although this is advantageous. It is enough that they are not parallel.
- [0074] In the embodiments in which two scanning mirrors S 1 , S 2 are carried by the same structure with variable orientation, it is not necessary that they be arranged on opposite faces of the structure.
- the notion of “variable orientation” mirror or support covers both resonantly oscillating structures and structures whose orientation varies in a controlled manner, continuously or in discrete steps.
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Applications Claiming Priority (2)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| FR2300550A FR3145214B1 (fr) | 2023-01-20 | 2023-01-20 | Système d’imagerie avec réallocation de photons |
| PCT/EP2023/087698 WO2024153440A1 (fr) | 2023-01-20 | 2023-12-22 | Système d'imagerie avec réallocation de photons |
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| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| EP4652489A1 true EP4652489A1 (fr) | 2025-11-26 |
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| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| EP23837715.4A Pending EP4652489A1 (fr) | 2023-01-20 | 2023-12-22 | Système d'imagerie avec réallocation de photons |
Country Status (6)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| US (1) | US20260227614A1 (fr) |
| EP (1) | EP4652489A1 (fr) |
| JP (1) | JP2026504108A (fr) |
| CN (1) | CN120752567A (fr) |
| FR (1) | FR3145214B1 (fr) |
| WO (1) | WO2024153440A1 (fr) |
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| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| EP3974815B1 (fr) * | 2016-05-27 | 2026-08-19 | Verily Health Inc. | Systèmes et procédés d'imagerie hyperspectrale 4-d |
| WO2019148024A1 (fr) * | 2018-01-26 | 2019-08-01 | Park Jong Kang | Systèmes et procédés permettant de réduire la diffusion dans la microscopie multiphotonique à focalisation temporelle |
| CA3035876A1 (fr) * | 2019-03-06 | 2020-09-06 | Peter Vokhmin | Systemes de reassignation microscopiques a balayage de ligne photonique |
| EP4012476A1 (fr) | 2020-12-10 | 2022-06-15 | Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique | Microscope confocal avec réallocation de photons |
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2023
- 2023-01-20 FR FR2300550A patent/FR3145214B1/fr active Active
- 2023-12-22 US US19/148,355 patent/US20260227614A1/en active Pending
- 2023-12-22 EP EP23837715.4A patent/EP4652489A1/fr active Pending
- 2023-12-22 WO PCT/EP2023/087698 patent/WO2024153440A1/fr not_active Ceased
- 2023-12-22 JP JP2025541806A patent/JP2026504108A/ja active Pending
- 2023-12-22 CN CN202380091755.4A patent/CN120752567A/zh active Pending
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| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| CN120752567A (zh) | 2025-10-03 |
| JP2026504108A (ja) | 2026-02-03 |
| WO2024153440A1 (fr) | 2024-07-25 |
| FR3145214A1 (fr) | 2024-07-26 |
| US20260227614A1 (en) | 2026-08-06 |
| FR3145214B1 (fr) | 2025-01-31 |
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