EP4615420A1 - Nanoclusters à base de zinc, leurs procédés d'obtention et leurs utilisations pour lutter contre les carences en zinc - Google Patents
Nanoclusters à base de zinc, leurs procédés d'obtention et leurs utilisations pour lutter contre les carences en zincInfo
- Publication number
- EP4615420A1 EP4615420A1 EP23804675.9A EP23804675A EP4615420A1 EP 4615420 A1 EP4615420 A1 EP 4615420A1 EP 23804675 A EP23804675 A EP 23804675A EP 4615420 A1 EP4615420 A1 EP 4615420A1
- Authority
- EP
- European Patent Office
- Prior art keywords
- zinc
- nanoclusters
- histidine
- acetate dihydrate
- selenium
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Pending
Links
Classifications
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61K—PREPARATIONS FOR MEDICAL, DENTAL OR TOILETRY PURPOSES
- A61K9/00—Medicinal preparations characterised by special physical form
- A61K9/14—Particulate form, e.g. powders, Processes for size reducing of pure drugs or the resulting products, Pure drug nanoparticles
- A61K9/141—Intimate drug-carrier mixtures characterised by the carrier, e.g. ordered mixtures, adsorbates, solid solutions, eutectica, co-dried, co-solubilised, co-kneaded, co-milled, co-ground products, co-precipitates, co-evaporates, co-extrudates, co-melts; Drug nanoparticles with adsorbed surface modifiers
- A61K9/145—Intimate drug-carrier mixtures characterised by the carrier, e.g. ordered mixtures, adsorbates, solid solutions, eutectica, co-dried, co-solubilised, co-kneaded, co-milled, co-ground products, co-precipitates, co-evaporates, co-extrudates, co-melts; Drug nanoparticles with adsorbed surface modifiers with organic compounds
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
- A23L—FOODS, FOODSTUFFS OR NON-ALCOHOLIC BEVERAGES, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; PREPARATION OR TREATMENT THEREOF
- A23L33/00—Modifying nutritive qualities of foods; Dietetic products; Preparation or treatment thereof
- A23L33/10—Modifying nutritive qualities of foods; Dietetic products; Preparation or treatment thereof using additives
- A23L33/15—Vitamins
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
- A23L—FOODS, FOODSTUFFS OR NON-ALCOHOLIC BEVERAGES, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; PREPARATION OR TREATMENT THEREOF
- A23L33/00—Modifying nutritive qualities of foods; Dietetic products; Preparation or treatment thereof
- A23L33/10—Modifying nutritive qualities of foods; Dietetic products; Preparation or treatment thereof using additives
- A23L33/16—Inorganic salts, minerals or trace elements
- A23L33/165—Complexes or chelates
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
- A23L—FOODS, FOODSTUFFS OR NON-ALCOHOLIC BEVERAGES, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; PREPARATION OR TREATMENT THEREOF
- A23L33/00—Modifying nutritive qualities of foods; Dietetic products; Preparation or treatment thereof
- A23L33/10—Modifying nutritive qualities of foods; Dietetic products; Preparation or treatment thereof using additives
- A23L33/17—Amino acids, peptides or proteins
- A23L33/175—Amino acids
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61K—PREPARATIONS FOR MEDICAL, DENTAL OR TOILETRY PURPOSES
- A61K33/00—Medicinal preparations containing inorganic active ingredients
- A61K33/04—Sulfur, selenium or tellurium; Compounds thereof
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61K—PREPARATIONS FOR MEDICAL, DENTAL OR TOILETRY PURPOSES
- A61K33/00—Medicinal preparations containing inorganic active ingredients
- A61K33/24—Heavy metals; Compounds thereof
- A61K33/30—Zinc; Compounds thereof
Definitions
- Zinc-based nanoclusters their production processes and their uses to combat zinc deficiency
- the present invention relates to the field of chemistry, and more particularly pharmaceutical chemistry.
- the invention relates to zinc-based nanoclusters, their processes for obtaining them and their uses to combat zinc deficiencies.
- the zinc-based nanoclusters described in the present invention are more particularly nanoclusters comprising a metallic core consisting solely of zinc or a metallic core consisting of a mixture of zinc and selenium, however with a clear majority of zinc within said core ( from 80 to 99.99% zinc).
- Zinc is an essential trace element in the human body, which is why its deficiency can have many consequences on health. Zinc activates more than 200 enzymes. It plays a major role in all stages of protein synthesis, it activates DNA and RNA polymerases and is essential for the regulation of histones. It is involved in the metabolism of polyunsaturated fatty acids and in the synthesis of prostaglandins. It is also involved in stabilizing the structure of certain peptide hormones (insulin, glustin, thymulin) and plays an antioxidant role via different mechanisms. Zinc is also necessary for carbohydrate and lipid metabolism, and plays a major role in cell growth and immune system function. Finally, zinc also has its importance in the perception of different flavors. Via these different mechanisms, zinc makes the body more resistant, particularly during growth and aging. In conclusion, zinc has beneficial effects on health and strengthens natural immune defenses.
- Zinc deficiency is common, particularly in all situations of malnutrition. It manifests itself by immune disorders, oligospermia, skin lesions, particularly at the periorificial level, hair loss, delays in healing, diarrhea as well as vision and smell disorders. and taste generating anorexia. In pregnant women, zinc deficiency can lead to malformations or fetal hypotrophy. Finally, in children, zinc deficiency is accompanied by delayed growth and sexual maturation.
- zinc deficiency Treatment of zinc deficiency is carried out with zinc preparations/supplements taken orally.
- taking zinc may be associated with the occurrence of digestive disorders, such as stomach aches, diarrhea, abdominal cramps.
- zinc can also leave a metallic taste in the mouth several hours after taking the zinc preparation orally.
- zinc preparations can interfere with the intestinal absorption of copper (zinc is an oral treatment for Wilson's disease) and cause transient hypocupremia.
- a zinc deficiency can also be accompanied by a selenium deficiency.
- Selenium like zinc, is an essential trace element for the human body and plays a key role throughout the body.
- selenium Most of the biological functions of selenium pass through selenoproteins, including glutathione peroxidases which have a key role in the body's antioxidant system. Their activities are directly linked to dietary selenium intake. Selenium is also involved in the synthesis of thyroid hormones.
- Keshan disease The disease classically attributed to severe selenium deficiency is referred to as Keshan disease. It occurs with very low dietary selenium intake ( ⁇ 10 pg/day) and causes dilated cardiomyopathy with severe heart failure. Its description comes from a region of China where food intake is very low (soils poor in selenium).
- nanoclusters based on zinc which are zinc nanoclusters or nanoclusters of zinc and selenium, said nanoclusters having particularly suitable characteristics for combating respectively against zinc deficiencies and against zinc and selenium deficiencies. It is also to the merit of the Inventors to have developed an original synthesis process for zinc-based nanoclusters, namely zinc nanoclusters and zinc and selenium nanoclusters.
- ⁇ they comprise a metallic core based on zinc covered over its entire surface with a mixed layer comprising histidine (His), acetate ions (Ac) and ascorbate ions (Asc), said metallic core being consisting of zinc (Zn) or a mixture of zinc and selenium (ZnSe), the quantity of zinc within said mixture ranging from 80 to 99.99% and the quantity of selenium within said mixture ranging from 0.01 to 20%, the percentages being percentages by weight relative to the total weight of the mixture,
- nanoclusters have a stability over time of at least 12 months, and preferably 12 to 18 months when the nanoclusters are in dry form and are stored at a temperature of 4°C and under nitrogen,
- said zinc-based nanoclusters can also be designated by the formula “ZnNC@HisAcAsc” or “ZnSeNC@HisAcAsc” depending on whether the metallic core consists of zinc or a mixture of zinc and selenium.
- nanoclusters of the invention may, however, be referred to in the following as “nanoclusters”, “zinc-based nanoclusters”, “zinc nanoclusters”, “zinc and selenium nanoclusters”, “ZnNC nanoclusters”, “ZnNC” (“ZnNC” meaning “zinc nanocluster”), “ZnSeNC nanoclusters”, “ZnSeNC” (“ZnSeNC” meaning “zinc and selenium nanocluster”), “ZnNC@HisAcAsc nanoclusters”,
- the invention also relates to a process for preparing said zinc-based nanoclusters which comprises the following steps:
- the invention also relates to zinc-based nanoclusters as defined above, for use to combat zinc deficiencies or against zinc and selenium deficiencies.
- the invention also relates to a composition comprising the zinc-based nanoclusters of the invention, said composition being a drug, a food supplement or a food composition.
- composition of the invention is further characterized in that it is in a form suitable for oral administration.
- Figure 1 is a schematic representation of a zinc nanocluster “ZnNC@HisAcAsc” of the invention, consisting of a metallic zinc core surrounded by a mixed corona comprising histidine, acetate and ascorbate ions.
- Figure 2 is a high-performance liquid chromatography analysis (reverse phase partitioning) of zinc nanoclusters, showing the presence of acetate ions on the surface of the zinc metal core.
- the chromatogram was obtained on previously purified fractions (size exclusion chromatography) of zinc nanoclusters. A chromatogram of a sodium acetate reference solution was also carried out.
- Figure 3 is a high-performance liquid chromatography analysis (reverse phase partitioning) of zinc nanoclusters, showing the presence of histidine and ascorbate ions on the surface of the zinc metal core.
- Figure 5 illustrates the hydrodynamic diameter (in nanometers) of the zinc nanoclusters evaluated by Taylor dispersion.
- Figure 6 is a UV-Visible spectrum of zinc nanoclusters.
- Figure 7 is a fluorescence spectrum of zinc nanoclusters.
- Figure 8 is a schematic representation of a zinc and selenium nanocluster “ZnSeNC@HisAcAsc” of the invention, consisting of a core of zinc and selenium surrounded by a mixed crown comprising histidine, acetate ions and ascorbate.
- Figure 9 is a high-performance liquid chromatography analysis (reverse phase partitioning) of zinc and selenium nanoclusters, showing the presence of acetate ions on the surface of the zinc and selenium core.
- Figure 10 is a high-performance liquid chromatography analysis (reverse phase partitioning) of zinc and selenium nanoclusters, showing the presence of histidine and ascorbate ion on the surface of the zinc and selenium core.
- Figure 11 illustrates the hydrodynamic diameter (in nanometers) of the zinc and selenium nanoclusters evaluated by dynamic light scattering.
- Figure 12 is a UV-Visible spectrum of zinc and selenium nanoclusters.
- Figure 13 is a fluorescence spectrum of zinc and selenium nanoclusters.
- - comprise a metallic core based on zinc covered over its entire surface with a mixed layer comprising histidine (His), acetate ions (Ac) and ascorbate ions (Asc), said metallic core being constituted zinc (Zn) or a mixture of zinc and selenium (ZnSe), the quantity of zinc within said mixture ranging from 80 to 99.99% and the quantity of selenium within said mixture ranging from 0.01 to 20 %, the percentages being percentages by weight relative to the total weight of the mixture,
- hydrodynamic diameter ranging from 0.6 to 2.0 nm, and preferably less than 1.0 nm
- - have a metallic core diameter ranging from 0.5 to 1.5 nm, and preferably less than 1.0 nm,
- - have stability over time ranging from 5 to 20 weeks when the nanoclusters are in liquid form and are stored at a temperature of 4°C
- - have a stability over time of at least 12 months, and preferably 12 to 18 months when the nanoclusters are in dry form and are stored at a temperature of 4°C and under nitrogen
- said zinc-based nanoclusters can also be designated by the formula “ZnNC@HisAcAsc” or “ZnSeNC@HisAcAsc” depending on whether the metallic core consists of zinc or a mixture of zinc and selenium.
- the zinc-based nanoclusters which are the subject of the invention are metal nanoclusters.
- a metallic nanocluster consists of the association of tens of atoms of metallic element (in this case zinc alone or zinc mixed with selenium in the invention) with a metallic core diameter less than or equal to 2.0 nanometers (nm).
- a metallic core based on zinc means in the present application that the metallic core is a zinc core or a zinc and selenium core.
- a nanocluster based on zinc can designate a nanocluster of zinc, or, a nanocluster of zinc and selenium, it being understood that the core of said nanocluster of zinc and selenium comprises a quantity of zinc ranging from 80 to 99.99% by weight for a quantity of selenium ranging from 0.01 to 20% by weight relative to the total weight of the nucleus.
- the nanoclusters of the invention consist of a zinc-based metal core covered/covered/surrounded by a mixed layer/crown comprising histidine, acetate ions and ascorbate ions.
- corona or layer surrounding the zinc core includes both histidine, acetate ions and ascorbate ions.
- the verbs “cover/cover/surround” can be used interchangeably to indicate that the zinc-based core comprises over its entire surface a layer/crown of histidine, acetate ions and ascorbate ions. .
- the entire zinc-based nanocluster has a spherical shape.
- ZnNC@HisAcAsc and “ZnSeNC@HisAcAsc” within the meaning of the invention respectively designate a nanocluster consisting of a metallic zinc core covered with said mixed layer of histidine, acetate and ascorbate ions and a nanocluster consisting a metallic core of zinc and selenium covered with said mixed layer of histidine, acetate and ascorbate ions.
- the zinc-based nanoclusters thus advantageously comprise three ligands on the surface of the zinc-based core, namely histidine, acetate and ascorbate ions. These three ligands are linked to the metallic core by coordination bonds.
- the mixed crown comprising histidine, acetate and ascorbate ions in particular gives the nanoclusters of the invention very high stability and low reactivity.
- Low reactivity means low degradation, particularly linked to oxidation (for example due to oxygen in the air).
- the stability of the nanoclusters of the invention means maintaining the structure and properties of the nanoclusters over time at a storage temperature of 4°C. Maintaining the structure means in particular that the composition of the nanocluster (metallic core surrounded by the mixed layer/crown as defined above), its shape and its diameter (of the metallic and hydrodynamic core) are preserved over time.
- the “liquid form” of zinc-based nanoclusters refers to a solution or liquid mixture of zinc-based nanoclusters.
- the stability of 5 to 20 weeks mentioned above concerns zinc-based nanoclusters in liquid form when stored at a conservation temperature of 4°C.
- “Dry form” means a solid form which can be reduced to powder if necessary.
- the 12 to 18 month stability mentioned above concerns zinc-based nanoclusters in dry form when stored at a conservation temperature of 4°C and under nitrogen.
- the nanoclusters of the invention exhibit spectrophotometric properties, in particular fluorescence, which are characteristic of this scale, namely a metallic core diameter less than or equal to 2 nm, which is intermediate between the molecule and the nanoparticle.
- the metal core diameter or metal diameter designates, as its name indicates, the diameter formed solely by the zinc-based metal.
- the hydrodynamic diameter takes into account the diameter of the metallic core plus the layer/crown comprising histidine, acetate and ascorbate ions.
- the hydrodynamic diameter therefore designates the diameter of the entire zinc-based nanocluster.
- the zinc-based nanoclusters have an almost equivalent metallic core diameter and a hydrodynamic diameter, preferably less than 1.0 nm.
- the metallic core diameter will of course always be less than the hydrodynamic diameter.
- the zinc-based nanoclusters are zinc nanoclusters comprising a metallic core made of zinc, said nanoclusters being able to be designated by the formula “ZnNC@HisAcAsc”.
- the zinc-based nanoclusters are zinc and selenium nanoclusters comprising a metallic core consisting of a mixture of zinc and selenium, said nanoclusters being able to be designated by the formula “ZnSeNC@ HisAcAsc”.
- the zinc and selenium nanoclusters comprise a core consisting of 99% zinc for 1% selenium.
- the zinc-based nanoclusters are in liquid form or in dry form.
- the dry form of nanoclusters is advantageous in particular in that it allows easy storage, preservation and transport.
- the zinc-based nanoclusters of the invention are characterized in that they have at least one of the following characteristics:
- the zinc-based nanoclusters of the invention have all of the characteristics described above.
- nanoclusters of the invention are not sequestered in said organs is in particular due to their small size (hydrodynamic diameter less than or equal to 2.0 nm, and preferably less than 1.0 nm).
- the size of the nanoclusters of the invention allows longer circulation in the blood, compared to larger compounds.
- nanoclusters allow them to cross membranes (in particular digestive) without passing through physiological absorption systems via a persorption phenomenon (spontaneous passage via the pores of a physiological system).
- This persorption phenomenon is at the origin of the risks of toxicity of nanoclusters, but it becomes a therapeutic modality if we control the quantitative aspect of the contributions of nanoclusters.
- the nanoclusters of the invention have surface properties making them capable of crossing the intestinal barrier, which represents an important advantage compared to oral zinc preparations which are often incapable of passing the intestinal barrier.
- “Good bioavailability” means that orally administered nanoclusters reach the general circulation well and are well distributed to target organs.
- biocompatibility we mean the fact that zinc-based nanoclusters are well accepted by the various organs of the body without being toxic to these organs.
- nanoclusters are biodegradable means that their degradation releases substances that are metabolized or eliminated without problem by the body (zinc, selenium, histidine, acetate and ascorbate).
- the nanoclusters are freeze-dryable. It is in fact possible to freeze-dry them because they are perfectly stable. Freeze-drying thus makes it possible to easily store, preserve and transport nanoclusters.
- the stability of the nanoclusters is as defined above.
- the advantageous properties of the nanoclusters of the invention are in particular due to the original combination of its constituents, namely zinc, histidine, acetate and ascorbate ions, or zinc, selenium, histidine, acetate ions. and ascorbate.
- zinc-based nanoclusters comprising a mixed crown/layer of histidine, acetate and ascorbate ions surrounding a metallic core of zinc or zinc and selenium and which have the advantageous properties described above.
- nanoclusters are obtained comprising three ligands on the surface of the zinc-based core, these three ligands being linked to the surface of the zinc-based core by coordination bonds.
- Ascorbic acid is a reducing agent.
- the reaction between the mixture of zinc (II) acetate dihydrate (and possibly sodium selenite) and histidine with ascorbic acid is more particularly a reduction reaction of the mixture of zinc (II) acetate dihydrate ( and optionally sodium selenite) and histidine with ascorbic acid.
- Ascorbic acid makes it possible to obtain zinc-based nanoclusters devoid of any toxicity.
- the present invention results in particular from the unexpected discovery of the Inventors that the original combination of the reagents used, namely zinc (II) acetate dihydrate, sodium selenite, histidine and ascorbic acid, and in the proportions such as defined above, makes it possible to obtain zinc-based nanoclusters with particularly advantageous properties.
- the original combination of the reagents used namely zinc (II) acetate dihydrate, sodium selenite, histidine and ascorbic acid, and in the proportions such as defined above, makes it possible to obtain zinc-based nanoclusters with particularly advantageous properties.
- the excellent stability of the nanoclusters of the invention is an example of this.
- the zinc-based nanoclusters can be more particularly prepared according to the “in solution” protocol or according to the “solid phase” protocol. Each of these two synthesis routes conforms to the process described above.
- the preparation process as defined above is more particularly characterized in that it is carried out under inert gas and in that:
- the solution of zinc (II) acetate dihydrate and histidine is adjusted to a pH value ranging from 11 to 13, and preferably is 12,
- a solution of zinc (II) acetate dihydrate, histidine and ascorbic acid or, a solution of zinc (II) acetate dihydrate, sodium selenite, histidine and ascorbic acid, is prepared by adding ascorbic acid to the solution of zinc (II) acetate dihydrate and histidine, or, to the solution of zinc (II) acetate dihydrate, sodium selenite and histidine, of which the pH was adjusted to the aforementioned values
- the solution of zinc (II) acetate dihydrate, histidine and ascorbic acid, or, the solution of zinc (II) acetate dihydrate, sodium selenite, histidine and ascorbic acid is stirred for 2 to 6 hours, and preferably 4 hours, at a temperature ranging from 35 to 45°C, and preferably 40°C,
- the solution which comprises the zinc-based nanoclusters is optionally dialyzed in order to obtain a purified solution of zinc-based nanoclusters, namely a purified solution of zinc nanoclusters or of zinc and selenium nanoclusters,
- the solution which comprises the zinc-based nanoclusters, optionally dialyzed, is optionally freeze-dried in order to obtain a dry form of zinc-based nanoclusters, namely a dry form of zinc nanoclusters or zinc and selenium nanoclusters.
- the solution comprising the zinc-based nanoclusters, optionally dialyzed, has a stability over time ranging from 5 to 20 weeks at a storage temperature of 4°C.
- Dialysis makes it possible in particular to remove everything that is not linked to the zinc-based metallic core, such as for example possibly an excess of histidine or ascorbic acid or even residual zinc or selenium possibly present in the solution of zinc-based nanoclusters.
- the layer comprising histidine, acetate and ascorbate ions is linked to the zinc-based metal core by coordination bonds.
- the dry form of the zinc-based nanoclusters obtained after freeze-drying, has a stability over time of at least 12 months, and preferably 12 to 18 months, at a storage temperature of 4°C. and under nitrogen.
- the dry form of zinc-based nanoclusters can be reconstituted at any time, by mixing in a reconstitution solvent, such as purified water.
- a reconstitution solvent such as purified water.
- reconstitute/reconstitute is meant the operation of simple mixing of the dry form or the lyophilisate with a solvent.
- the zinc-based nanocluster solution obtained after reconstitution of the dry form, has a stability over time ranging from 5 to 12 weeks at a storage temperature of 4°C, and preferably under nitrogen.
- the inert gas is nitrogen
- the zinc (II) acetate dihydrate solution is prepared by adding zinc (II) acetate dihydrate to ultra-pure filtered water,
- the sodium selenite solution is prepared by adding sodium selenite to filtered ultra-pure water,
- the zinc (II) acetate dihydrate solution has a concentration ranging from 0.5 to 5.0 mM
- the sodium selenite solution has a concentration ranging from 0.07 to 140 mM
- the concentration of histidine is greater than the concentration of the zinc (II) acetate dihydrate solution
- the concentration of histidine is greater than the concentration of the sodium selenite solution
- the concentration of ascorbic acid is equal to the concentration of histidine
- the solution which includes the zinc nanoclusters, optionally dialyzed, has a zinc concentration ranging from 16 to 164 pg/mL,
- the solution which comprises the nanoclusters of zinc and selenium, optionally dialyzed has a zinc concentration ranging from 16 to 164 pg/mL and a selenium concentration ranging from 0.003 to 5,500 pg/mL
- - the solution which comprises the zinc-based nanoclusters, optionally dialyzed is freeze-dried in order to obtain a dry form of zinc-based nanoclusters, namely a dry form of zinc nanoclusters or zinc and selenium nanoclusters.
- the process for preparing zinc-based nanoclusters as defined above is more particularly characterized in that:
- a powdery mixture of zinc (II) acetate dihydrate and histidine or, a powdery mixture of zinc (II) acetate dihydrate, sodium selenite and histidine is obtained by mixing each of the powders of zinc (II) acetate dihydrate and histidine, or zinc (II) acetate dihydrate, sodium selenite and histidine,
- - ascorbic acid is added to the reactor comprising the homogeneous powder mixture of zinc (II) acetate dihydrate and histidine, or, zinc (II) acetate dihydrate, sodium selenite and histidine,
- the mixture of zinc (II) acetate dihydrate, histidine, ascorbic acid and water, or, the mixture of zinc (II) acetate dihydrate, sodium selenite, histidine, d the ascorbic acid and water is kept stirring in the reactor for 16 to 36 hours, and preferably 24 hours,
- a liquid mixture which includes the zinc-based nanoclusters is obtained at the end of the previous stirring step, namely a liquid mixture of zinc nanoclusters or of zinc and selenium nanoclusters
- the liquid mixture which comprises the zinc-based nanoclusters is optionally dialyzed in order to obtain a purified liquid mixture of zinc-based nanoclusters, namely a purified mixture of zinc nanoclusters or zinc and selenium nanoclusters
- the liquid mixture which comprises the zinc-based nanoclusters, optionally dialyzed is optionally freeze-dried in order to obtain a dry form of zinc-based nanoclusters, namely a dry form of zinc nanoclusters, or of zinc and selenium nanoclusters .
- the concentration of histidine is greater than the concentration of zinc (II) acetate dihydrate
- the concentration of histidine is greater than the concentration of sodium selenite
- the concentration of ascorbic acid is equal to the concentration of histidine
- the water added to the reactor is ultra-pure filtered water
- the inert gas is nitrogen
- the liquid mixture which includes the zinc nanoclusters, optionally dialyzed has a zinc concentration ranging from 1370 to 13700 pg/mL,
- the liquid mixture which comprises the nanoclusters of zinc and selenium, optionally dialyzed has a zinc concentration ranging from 1370 to 13700 pg/mL and a selenium concentration ranging from 0.16 to 3300 pg/mL,
- the liquid mixture which comprises the zinc-based nanoclusters is freeze-dried in order to obtain a dry form of zinc-based nanoclusters, namely a dry form of zinc nanoclusters or zinc and selenium nanoclusters.
- the dry form of zinc-based nanoclusters is stored under nitrogen, preferably in bottles, and preferably at 4°C, said powder being able to be stored for a period of at least least 12 months, and preferably 12 to 18 months, without alteration of the stability of the zinc-based nanoclusters.
- the invention also relates to nanoclusters based on zinc as defined above or obtained according to the processes as defined above, for use as a medicine.
- the subject of the invention is nanoclusters based on zinc as defined above or obtained according to the processes as defined above, for use in combating zinc deficiencies.
- the zinc-based nanoclusters are more particularly zinc nanoclusters.
- the subject of the invention is zinc-based nanoclusters as defined above or obtained according to the processes as defined above, for use in combating zinc and selenium deficiencies. .
- the zinc-based nanoclusters are more particularly zinc and selenium nanoclusters.
- Another object of the invention lies in a composition characterized in that it comprises nanoclusters based on zinc such as defined above or obtained according to the processes such as defined above.
- composition of the invention more particularly comprises zinc nanoclusters or zinc and selenium nanoclusters.
- composition of the invention may be a medicine, a food supplement or a food composition.
- the quantity of zinc or the quantity of zinc and selenium present in the composition of the invention determines whether it is rather a food supplement or rather a medicine.
- a food supplement will include a quantity of zinc, or, a quantity of zinc and selenium, less than the quantity of zinc or the quantity of zinc and selenium present in a medication.
- the composition is in a form suitable for oral administration.
- Zinc-based nanoclusters can advantageously be administered orally because they are able to pass the intestinal barrier without difficulty, particularly due to their small size.
- the composition of the invention comprising the zinc nanoclusters comprises a quantity of zinc less than the quantity of zinc usually present in a conventional oral preparation of zinc, whether a medicine or food supplement.
- This example respectively describes the two possible synthesis routes for preparing the zinc nanoclusters of the invention, namely the “solution protocol” and the “solid phase protocol”.
- the synthesis is carried out under inert gas (nitrogen).
- the glassware is washed with aqua regia (1 volume of 65% nitric acid for 2 volumes of 37% hydrochloric acid).
- Ultrapure water is used and filtered through a 0.2 pm pore diameter filter.
- a quantity of 55.0 mg of zinc acetate is placed in a 100 mL volumetric flask. Ultrapure filtered water is added up to the mark of the flask. A solution of zinc acetate with a concentration of 2.5 mM is obtained.
- the zinc acetate solution is transferred into a suitable bottle. This solution can be stored for one month in the refrigerator at 4°C.
- a quantity of 500 ⁇ L of the zinc acetate stock solution as prepared in the previous step is added to a round-necked flask that can hold up to 50 mL of solution. Then, a quantity of 4500 ⁇ L of ultra-pure filtered water is added to the flask.
- the zinc acetate solution obtained is called 1x.
- the 1x zinc acetate solution is stirred at 130 rpm with the multi-plate shaker. A quantity of 39 mg of histidine is added to the zinc acetate solution. The solution of zinc acetate and histidine is stirred for 15 minutes. The solution is colorless.
- the solution of zinc nanoclusters obtained at the end of the synthesis is colorless. It is called 1x and has a zinc concentration of 16 pg/mL. It is kept cool, at 4°C.
- Zinc nanocluster solutions can be freeze-dried.
- Zinc acetate solutions with a concentration ranging from 1x to 10x are prepared to obtain 1x to 10x zinc nanocluster solutions which have a zinc concentration ranging from 16 to 164 pg/mL.
- a 2x zinc acetate solution is prepared by placing a quantity of 1000 ⁇ L of zinc acetate stock solution in the flask and making up to 5000 ⁇ L with filtered ultra-pure water.
- a 4x zinc acetate solution is prepared by placing a quantity of 2000 ⁇ L of zinc acetate stock solution in the flask and making up to 5000 ⁇ L with filtered ultrapure water etc.
- the 1x zinc nanocluster solution obtained in the previous step is purified by dialysis.
- a dialysis cell is prepared (X12 Float a lyzer G2 CE MWCO 100-500 D, Reference 1511160), and a 150 mL beaker is filled with 100 mL of filtered ultrapure water.
- the dialysis cell is filled with ultrapure water filtered using a Pasteur pipette.
- the dialysis cell is placed in the beaker with stirring (130 rpm). The cell is allowed to hydrate and wash for 1 hour.
- the water is then replaced with a new volume of 100 mL of ultra-pure filtered water.
- the dialysis cell is emptied using a pasteur pipette then is filled with the 1x zinc nanocluster solution, which is left stirring overnight (for 12 hours) at a temperature between 2 and 6°C.
- the dialyzed solution of 1x zinc nanoclusters thus obtained is transferred into a suitable bottle and is stored at a temperature of 4°C.
- Dialysis does not influence the zinc concentration of the nanoclusters.
- the zinc concentrations of dialyzed zinc nanocluster solutions are identical to those of non-dialyzed solutions.
- Zinc nanocluster solutions optionally dialyzed, can be freeze-dried.
- the zinc concentrations of dialyzed zinc nanocluster solutions are identical to those of non-dialyzed solutions, and range from 16 to 164 pg/mL for zinc acetate solutions ranging from 1x to 10x.
- Zinc(II) acetate dihydrate, L(-)-Histidine, and ascorbic acid are the same as those used in the solution protocol.
- sodium hydroxide is not necessary.
- a quantity of 23 mg of zinc acetate is weighed and then placed inside an agate mortar.
- a quantity of 1.7 g of histidine is then weighed.
- One volume of histidine powder for one volume of zinc acetate powder is added, taking care to grind the powders well using the pestle until a mixture of color and homogeneous appearance is obtained. This operation is repeated as long as there is histidine.
- the final mixture of the two powders should have a white color and the powder should be homogeneous.
- the mixture of the two powders is then transferred into a 50 mL single-neck flask (ground neck NS 19/26) using a spatula.
- a quantity of 3 g of ascorbic acid is weighed and transferred into the flask.
- An olive-shaped magnetic stirrer is placed at the bottom of the flask.
- a quantity of 5 mL of ultrapure water is filtered using a 5 mL plastic syringe and is added dropwise into the reactor. A liquid mixture is obtained.
- the reactor is closed using a cap with a folding skirt (diameter 19.4 mm) and is placed under nitrogen without creating excess pressure using a balloon.
- the reactor is surrounded by aluminum foil and then placed under stirring (200 rpm) for the duration of the reaction. You must wait 24 hours before the reaction ends.
- the product obtained which is in the form of a liquid, has a gray color.
- the liquid obtained, comprising the zinc nanoclusters, has a zinc concentration of 1370 pg/mL and is called 100x.
- the zinc concentration of the nanoclusters is of course dependent on the quantity of zinc acetate used at the start of the process of the invention.
- the liquid obtained including the zinc nanoclusters is then transferred into a suitable plastic bottle (the final volume is not 5 ml but a little more, around 8.5 ml).
- the liquid comprising the zinc nanoclusters is either stored at 4°C or transferred to the freeze dryer. Lyophilization is carried out in 1 mL fractions, without adding additional reagents. After freeze-drying, the contents of the vial (which includes the zinc nanoclusters in dry form) are placed under nitrogen and stored at 4°C.
- the dry form of zinc nanoclusters can be reconstituted at any time in 1 mL of purified water.
- the solution of zinc nanoclusters thus reconstituted is stored at 4°C, preferably under nitrogen.
- Zinc(II) acetate dihydrate, L(-)-Histidine, ascorbic acid, and sodium hydroxide are the same as those used in the solution protocol for the preparation of zinc nanoclusters.
- the zinc acetate stock solution is prepared as described in the solution protocol paragraph for zinc nanoclusters.
- a quantity of 12.0 mg of sodium selenite is placed in a 100 mL volumetric flask. Ultrapure filtered water is added up to the mark of the flask. A 0.71 mM sodium selenite solution is obtained.
- the sodium selenite solution is transferred into a suitable bottle. This solution can be stored for one month in the refrigerator at 4°C.
- a tenth dilution of the sodium selenite solution obtained in the previous step in 1 mL of water is carried out (100 pL of sodium selenite stock solution + 900 pL ultra pure water).
- the tenth diluted solution of sodium selenite is called 0.1% selenium solution.
- a quantity of 2000 ⁇ L of the zinc acetate stock solution as prepared in the previous step is added to a round-neck flask which can contain up to 50 mL of solution. Then, a quantity of 3000 ⁇ L of ultra-pure filtered water is added to the flask. The resulting zinc acetate solution is called 4x. A quantity of 100 ⁇ L of the diluted sodium selenite solution (0.1% selenium) is added to 2000 ⁇ L of the 4x zinc acetate solution.
- the molar ratio of the element selenium to the element zinc is 1 to 1000 in the solution of zinc acetate and sodium selenite thus prepared.
- a quantity of 39 mg of histidine is added to the solution of zinc acetate and sodium selenite.
- the solution of zinc acetate, sodium selenite and histidine is stirred for 15 minutes at the same stirring speed.
- the solution is colorless.
- a quantity of 139 mg of ascorbic acid is added to the reaction mixture. We wait 2 minutes for the ascorbic acid to completely solubilize.
- the flask (reactor) is placed in a water bath at 40°C with stirring (speed set to 6) for 4 hours.
- the mass ratio of zinc and selenium within the bimetallic core of the zinc and selenium nanoclusters is in this example 99.9% zinc for 0.1% selenium.
- the solution of zinc and selenium nanoclusters is kept cool at 4°C.
- the solution can also be freeze-dried.
- the same synthesis protocol can be used by adding 100 ⁇ L of a 0.71 mM sodium selenite solution diluted 100 times in water. A solution of sodium selenite 0.01% selenium is obtained.
- a quantity of 100 ⁇ L of the diluted sodium selenite solution (0.01% selenium) is added to 2000 ⁇ L of the 4x zinc acetate solution.
- the molar ratio of the element selenium to the element zinc is 1 to 10,000 in the solution of zinc acetate and sodium selenite thus prepared.
- Zinc acetate solutions with a concentration ranging from 1x to 10x as well as diluted sodium selenite solutions comprising 0.01% to 20% selenium are prepared.
- the zinc concentrations of zinc and selenium nanocluster solutions range from 16 to 164 pg/mL for zinc acetate solutions ranging from 1x to 10x.
- the selenium concentrations of zinc and selenium nanocluster solutions range from 0.003 to 5.5 pg/mL for diluted sodium selenite solutions comprising 0.01% to 20% selenium.
- the solution of zinc and selenium nanoclusters obtained in the previous step can be purified by dialysis according to the same protocol as that described in the paragraph “dialysis of zinc nanoclusters” in the solution protocol for zinc nanoclusters.
- the zinc concentrations of dialyzed zinc and selenium nanocluster solutions are identical to those of non-dialyzed solutions, and range from 16 to 164 pg/mL for zinc acetate solutions ranging from 1x to 10x.
- the selenium concentrations of dialyzed zinc and selenium nanocluster solutions are identical to those of non-dialyzed solutions, and range from 0.003 to 5.5 pg/mL for diluted sodium selenite solutions comprising 0.01% to 20%. of selenium.
- Zinc(II) acetate dihydrate, L(-)-Histidine, and ascorbic acid are the same as those used in the solution protocol.
- sodium hydroxide is not necessary.
- a quantity of 10 mg of sodium selenite is placed in an agate mortar.
- a quantity of 1.27 g of zinc acetate is weighed.
- One volume of zinc acetate powder for one volume of sodium selenite powder is added, taking care to grind the powders well using the pestle until a mixture of color and homogeneous appearance is obtained. This operation is repeated as long as there is zinc acetate.
- a quantity of 23 mg of the previous powder mixture is weighed and then placed inside an agate mortar.
- a quantity of 1.7 g of histidine is then weighed.
- a volume of histidine powder for a volume of zinc acetate powder and sodium selenite is added, taking care to grind the powders well using the pestle until a mixture of color and appearance is obtained. homogeneous. This operation is repeated as long as there is histidine.
- the final mixture of the two powders should have a white color and the powder should be homogeneous.
- the mixture of the two powders is then transferred into a 50 mL single-neck flask (NS 19/26 ground neck) using a spatula.
- a quantity of 3 g of ascorbic acid is weighed and transferred into the flask.
- An olive-shaped magnetic stirrer is placed at the bottom of the balloon.
- a quantity of 5 mL of ultrapure water is filtered using a 5 mL plastic syringe and is added dropwise into the reactor. A liquid mixture is obtained.
- the reactor is closed using a cap with a folding skirt (diameter 19.4 mm) and is placed under nitrogen without creating excess pressure using a balloon.
- the reactor is surrounded by aluminum foil and then placed under stirring (200 rpm) for the duration of the reaction. You must wait 24 hours before the reaction ends.
- the product obtained which is in the form of a liquid, has a gray color.
- the liquid obtained comprising the zinc and selenium nanoclusters, has a concentration:
- the zinc and selenium concentrations of the zinc and selenium nanoclusters are of course dependent on the quantities of zinc acetate and sodium selenite used at the start of the process of the invention.
- the liquid comprising the zinc and selenium nanoclusters is either stored at 4°C or transferred to the freeze dryer.
- Lyophilization is carried out in 1 mL fractions, without adding additional reagents. After freeze-drying, the contents of the vial (which includes the zinc and selenium nanoclusters in dry form) are placed under nitrogen and stored at 4°C.
- the dry form of zinc and selenium nanoclusters can be reconstituted at any time in 1 mL of purified water.
- the solution of zinc and selenium nanoclusters thus reconstituted is stored at 4°C, preferably under nitrogen.
- the zinc nanoclusters as obtained in Example 1, whether the solution protocol or the solid phase protocol, are characterized with regard to their structure, their sizes, their spectrophotometric properties and their stability.
- the zinc nanoclusters of the invention more particularly have a spherical shape. They consist of a metallic zinc core covered with a mixed corona comprising histidine, acetate and ascorbate ions.
- Figure 1 is a schematic representation of a zinc nanocluster of the invention, which can also be designated by the formula “ZnNC@HisAcAsc”.
- HPLC high-performance liquid chromatography
- the zinc nanoclusters of the 1x dialyzed solution which has a zinc concentration of 16 pg/mL (as obtained in Example 1, point 1.1/ “Protocol in solution”), are destroyed (total dissolution and return to the different elements composing the structure of the nanoclusters) by a chemical process, namely dissolved in a concentrated acid (HCl) then a concentrated base (NaOH), then are analyzed by reversed phase polarity partition chromatography in comparison to a control sodium acetate (retention of ligands on apolar column, separation, identification and quantification (external calibration) of acetate ions by UV spectrophotometry).
- HCl concentrated acid
- NaOH concentrated base
- histidine and ascorbate ions on the surface of the zinc nanoclusters was also demonstrated by high performance liquid chromatography, more particularly after purification of the nanoclusters in solution by size exclusion chromatography, in comparison with a histidine and acid control. ascorbic.
- the hydrodynamic diameter (Dh) of the zinc nanoclusters was evaluated by dynamic light scattering (figure 4) (angle 173°, 530 nm laser, temperature 25°C on Nanosizer Malvern) and by Taylor dispersion analysis (figure 5 ).
- the dynamic light scattering analysis method consists of analyzing the Brownian motion of particles and modeling it using the Stokes-Einstein equation.
- the Taylor dispersion analysis method consists of injecting a band of solute into an open capillary tube (50 pm) and mobilizing it under the influence of a hydrodynamic flow (positive pressure 1 psi, parabolic velocity profile).
- the principle of determining the hydrodynamic radius is based on the Taylor-Aris relationship which establishes the link between the spreading of the solute peak (modeling a Gaussian) and the molecular diffusion coefficient.
- the metallic diameter of the zinc nanoclusters was evaluated by transmission electron microscopy (deposition on nickel grids, observations under beams operating at 200 kV (LaB6 cathode) Philips CM 200).
- the diameters (hydrodynamic and metallic) of the zinc nanoclusters were respectively evaluated immediately after their synthesis, whether using the solution or solid phase protocol.
- the average hydrodynamic diameter of the zinc nanoclusters is less than 1.0 nm. More particularly, it appears from Figures 4 and 5 that in dynamic light scattering (fig. 4) and in Taylor dispersion (fig. 5) the hydrodynamic diameter of the zinc nanoclusters is equal to 0.72 ⁇ 0.05 nm.
- the UV-vis spectrum shows a shoulder at 300 ⁇ 15 nm (fig. 6), which confirms the existence of nanoclusters.
- the zinc nanoclusters of the invention have optical properties, in particular fluorescence, characteristic of this intermediate scale between the molecule and the nanoparticle. Stability of zinc nanoclusters
- the analyzes were carried out on the zinc nanoclusters obtained according to the solution protocol and according to the solid phase protocol.
- the hydrodynamic diameter of the zinc nanoclusters in the freeze-dried samples is 1.73 nm after more than 5 weeks of storage under nitrogen.
- the hydrodynamic diameter of the zinc nanoclusters of the reconstituted samples is 1.58 nm, which once again demonstrates their excellent stability.
- the zinc and selenium nanoclusters as obtained in example 1 point 2/ are characterized with regard to their structure, their sizes, their spectrophotometric properties and their stability.
- Zinc and selenium nanoclusters have a spherical shape. They consist of a bimetallic core of zinc and selenium covered with a mixed corona including histidine, acetate and ascorbate ions.
- Figure 8 is a schematic representation of a zinc and selenium nanocluster of the invention, which can also be designated by the formula “ZnSeNC@HisAcAsc”.
- the zinc and selenium nanoclusters of the dialyzed solution obtained in Example 1, point 2.1/ “Protocol in solution”, are destroyed (total dissolution and return to the different elements composing the structure of the nanoclusters) by a chemical process, namely dissolved in a concentrated acid (HCl) then a concentrated base (NaOH), then analyzed by reversed phase polarity partition chromatography in comparison with a sodium acetate control (retention of the anions making up the nanocluster on a cationic exchange resin , separation, identification and quantification (external calibration) of acetate ions by conductometry with the help of a suppressor).
- HCl concentrated acid
- NaOH concentrated base
- histidine and ascorbate ions on the surface of zinc and selenium nanoclusters was also demonstrated by high performance liquid chromatography, more particularly after purification of the nanoclusters in solution by size exclusion chromatography, in comparison with a histidine control. and ascorbic acid.
- the hydrodynamic diameter (Dh) of the zinc and selenium nanoclusters was evaluated by dynamic light scattering (figure 11) (angle 173°, 530 nm laser, temperature 25°C on Nanosizer Malvern).
- the diameters of the zinc and selenium nanoclusters were evaluated immediately after their synthesis, whether using the solution or solid phase protocol.
- the hydrodynamic diameters were more particularly evaluated on the solution of zinc and selenium nanoclusters, non-dialyzed and non-lyophilized, obtained in point 2.1/ of Example 1, which has a zinc concentration of 65 pg /mL (4x) and selenium of 0.1 pg/mL (0.1% Se).
- the hydrodynamic diameters were evaluated on the lyophilized samples obtained in point 2.2/ of Example 1, which has a zinc concentration of 1370 pg/mL (100x) and selenium of 16 pg/ mL (1% Se). It can be seen from Figure 11 that the average hydrodynamic diameter of the zinc and selenium nanoclusters is 0.69 ⁇ 0.06 nm.
- the spectrophotometric properties of the zinc and selenium nanoclusters were evaluated by UV-Visible spectroscopy (figure 12) and by fluorescence spectroscopy (figure 13), immediately after their synthesis.
- the U-vis spectrum shows a shoulder at 300 ⁇ 15 nm (fig. 12), which confirms the existence of nanoclusters.
- the zinc and selenium nanoclusters of the invention have optical properties, in particular fluorescence, characteristic of this intermediate scale between the molecule and the nanoparticle.
- the stability of the zinc and selenium nanoclusters was evaluated by measuring their hydrodynamic diameter in dynamic light scattering (angle 173°, 530 nm laser, temperature 25°C on Nanosizer Malvern).
- the analyzes were carried out on the zinc and selenium nanoclusters obtained according to the solution protocol and according to the solid phase protocol.
- the hydrodynamic diameter of the zinc and selenium nanoclusters was found to be 0.69 ⁇ 0.06 nm more than 5 weeks after their synthesis, demonstrating their excellent stability.
- the hydrodynamic diameter of the zinc and selenium nanoclusters in the freeze-dried samples is 0.70 nm after more than 5 weeks of storage under nitrogen.
- the hydrodynamic diameter of the zinc and selenium nanoclusters of the reconstituted samples is 0.70 nm, which once again demonstrates their excellent stability.
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Abstract
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| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| EP22315282 | 2022-11-10 | ||
| PCT/EP2023/081351 WO2024100217A1 (fr) | 2022-11-10 | 2023-11-09 | Nanoclusters à base de zinc, leurs procédés d'obtention et leurs utilisations pour lutter contre les carences en zinc |
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| DE102004010967A1 (de) * | 2004-03-03 | 2005-10-13 | Noack, Andreas, Dr. | Multielemantare Nanoculster und nanoskalige Multikomponenten Mineralstoff- und Spurenelementpräparate, sowie ein Verfahren zur Herstellung von nanoskaligen Multikomponenten |
| WO2011104410A1 (fr) * | 2010-02-26 | 2011-09-01 | Instituto Científico Y Tecnológico De Navarra, S.A. | Nanoparticules pour l'encapsulation de composés, leur préparation et leurs utilisations |
| CN106176808A (zh) * | 2010-10-19 | 2016-12-07 | 长春纳米生技公司 | 金属离子纳米簇组合物 |
| US9370202B2 (en) * | 2013-03-15 | 2016-06-21 | LG Bionano, LLC | Encapsulated metal ion nanoclusters |
| CN107789365A (zh) * | 2016-08-29 | 2018-03-13 | 刘力 | 多种微量元素ⅴ药物组合物及其用途 |
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