EP4599237A1 - Schalten zwischen vakuum- und nahatmosphärendruckbetrieb in einem materialanalysesystem - Google Patents
Schalten zwischen vakuum- und nahatmosphärendruckbetrieb in einem materialanalysesystemInfo
- Publication number
- EP4599237A1 EP4599237A1 EP23792880.9A EP23792880A EP4599237A1 EP 4599237 A1 EP4599237 A1 EP 4599237A1 EP 23792880 A EP23792880 A EP 23792880A EP 4599237 A1 EP4599237 A1 EP 4599237A1
- Authority
- EP
- European Patent Office
- Prior art keywords
- operating mode
- measurement
- sample
- interior space
- atmospheric pressure
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Pending
Links
Classifications
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N23/00—Investigating or analysing materials by the use of wave or particle radiation, e.g. X-rays or neutrons, not covered by groups G01N3/00 – G01N17/00, G01N21/00 or G01N22/00
- G01N23/22—Investigating or analysing materials by the use of wave or particle radiation, e.g. X-rays or neutrons, not covered by groups G01N3/00 – G01N17/00, G01N21/00 or G01N22/00 by measuring secondary emission from the material
- G01N23/227—Measuring photoelectric effect, e.g. photoelectron emission microscopy [PEEM]
- G01N23/2273—Measuring photoelectron spectrum, e.g. electron spectroscopy for chemical analysis [ESCA] or X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy [XPS]
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01J—ELECTRIC DISCHARGE TUBES OR DISCHARGE LAMPS
- H01J37/00—Discharge tubes with provision for introducing objects or material to be exposed to the discharge, e.g. for the purpose of examination or processing thereof
- H01J37/02—Details
- H01J37/18—Vacuum locks ; Means for obtaining or maintaining the desired pressure within the vessel
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01J—ELECTRIC DISCHARGE TUBES OR DISCHARGE LAMPS
- H01J49/00—Particle spectrometers or separator tubes
- H01J49/02—Details
- H01J49/24—Vacuum systems, e.g. maintaining desired pressures
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01J—ELECTRIC DISCHARGE TUBES OR DISCHARGE LAMPS
- H01J2237/00—Discharge tubes exposing object to beam, e.g. for analysis treatment, etching, imaging
- H01J2237/18—Vacuum control means
- H01J2237/188—Differential pressure
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01J—ELECTRIC DISCHARGE TUBES OR DISCHARGE LAMPS
- H01J2237/00—Discharge tubes exposing object to beam, e.g. for analysis treatment, etching, imaging
- H01J2237/26—Electron or ion microscopes
- H01J2237/285—Emission microscopes
- H01J2237/2855—Photo-emission
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01J—ELECTRIC DISCHARGE TUBES OR DISCHARGE LAMPS
- H01J49/00—Particle spectrometers or separator tubes
- H01J49/44—Energy spectrometers, e.g. alpha-, beta-spectrometers
- H01J49/46—Static spectrometers
- H01J49/48—Static spectrometers using electrostatic analysers, e.g. cylindrical sector, Wien filter
Definitions
- the invention relates to an input section of a material analysis system for charged particles emitted from a sample, a material analysis system for analyzing a sample with a corresponding input section for charged particles emitted from the sample, a vacuum system and a method for selectively operating an input section in a vacuum pressure operating mode or a near-atmospheric pressure operating mode, and a corresponding method for analyzing a material in the vacuum pressure operating mode or the near-atmospheric pressure operating mode by means of the vacuum system.
- the input section can be used, for example, for photoelectron spectroscopy in various pressure environments.
- an input section of a material analysis system for charged particles emitted from a sample is provided.
- the input section has a housing designed for vacuum pressure and near-atmospheric pressure and an interior space provision device.
- the housing has a operating mode' of the material analysis system, which is designed to receive the charged particles at its distal end via an inlet opening.
- the interior space providing device is designed to provide the interior space in a near-atmospheric pressure operating mode such that a near-atmospheric pressure from the distal end of the interior space to its proximal end is reduced to a vacuum pressure and to provide the interior space in a vacuum pressure operating mode such that a solid angle extending into the interior space occupied by the charged particles emitted by the sample and a distance between the sample and the distal end of the interior space are greater in the vacuum pressure operating mode than in the near-atmospheric pressure operating mode.
- the input section for charged particles emitted from a sample has an interior space providing device that can provide an interior space for the vacuum pressure operating mode and an interior space for the near-atmospheric pressure operating mode
- the input section can be used in the vacuum pressure operating mode and the near-atmospheric pressure operating mode of a material analysis system.
- the input section also enables switching between the vacuum pressure operating mode and the near-atmospheric pressure operating mode, so that a sample can be analyzed in different pressure environments and in particular also over a larger pressure range.
- the input section can also make it possible to achieve an intensity tailored to the pressure environment and to shorten the measurement and analysis time.
- Vacuum pressure is to be understood here as an absolute pressure in a pressure range between 10' 1 and 10' 8 mbar.
- the vacuum pressure can, for example, be an absolute pressure between 10' 3 mbar and 10' 6 mbar.
- Near-atmospheric pressure is to be understood here as pressure close to atmospheric pressure, for example as an absolute pressure between 0.1 mbar and 1000 mbar.
- the near-atmospheric pressure operating mode there is a near-atmospheric pressure in front of the distal end of the interior.
- This can be reduced to a vacuum pressure by the inlet section, so that collisions between the charged particles and gas particles located in the interior of the inlet section can be reduced.
- a larger number of charged particles reach the proximal end of the interior, which can increase the intensity of the charged particles measured by a detector arranged proximally behind the proximal end of the interior.
- the vacuum pressure operating mode there is already a vacuum pressure in front of the distal end of the interior.
- the pressure does not have to be reduced between the distal end and the proximal end of the interior, or not as much as for the near-atmospheric pressure operating mode.
- This makes it possible to provide a larger solid angle, which allows more charged particles to pass over the Inlet port in the interior can be received in vacuum pressure operation mode.
- a larger distance from the sample can be provided, which can enable easier handling and sample selection with fewer restrictions.
- the inlet section enables switching between vacuum pressure operation mode and near atmospheric pressure operation mode of the material analysis system.
- the interior space providing device can, for example, be designed to provide the interior space in the near-atmospheric pressure operating mode such that a near-atmospheric pressure of, for example, over 0.1 mbar, over 1 mbar, over 10 mbar, over 100 mbar, between 0.1 mbar and 1000 mbar, between 1 mbar and 1000 mbar, between 10 mbar and 1000 mbar or between 100 mbar and 1000 mbar in front of the distal end of the interior space between its distal end and its proximal end to a vacuum pressure of, for example, under 10' 2 mbar, under 10' 3 mbar, under 10' 4 mbar, under 10' 5 mbar, under 10' 6 mbar, under 10' 7 mbar, between 10' 2 mbar and 10' 8 mbar, between 10' 3 mbar and 10' 8 mbar, between 10' 4 mbar and 10' 8 mbar, between 10' 5 mbar and 10' 8 m
- the charged particles released by the sample can be, for example, electrons or ions.
- the material analysis system can be a surface analysis system, for example a photoelectron spectrometer and in particular an XPS system.
- the interior space providing device can be designed to provide the interior space in the vacuum pressure operating mode such that a pressure from the distal end of the interior space to its proximal end at least does not increase and preferably decreases.
- the entrance section can be designed to provide the interior space without changing a position of the sample. This makes it possible to switch back and forth between the operating modes without having to change the position of the sample.
- a cross-section of the interior in the near-atmospheric pressure operating mode can increase at least along a pressure-reducing part of the interior in the direction from its distal end to its proximal end. This makes it possible to reduce the pressure along the pressure-reducing part because the particles have more volume available in the direction from the distal end to the proximal end of the interior.
- a profile of the cross-section along the pressure-reducing part can, for example, increase in such a way that an absolute pressure prevailing in front of the distal end of the interior of 10 mbar at the proximal end is reduced to 10' 4 mbar or 10' 3 mbar.
- the cross-section of the interior in the vacuum pressure operating mode may also extend at least along a pressure reducing part of the interior in the direction from its distal end to its proximal end.
- At least a part of the inlet section can have a conical shape.
- the pressure reduction part can have a conical shape.
- the part of the inlet section can have, for example, a truncated cone shape or a truncated cone-like shape.
- the pressure reduction part can have a truncated cone shape or a truncated cone-like shape.
- the inlet section can, for example, have or be a nozzle.
- a cross-section of the interior in the vacuum pressure operating mode can increase from the distal end to the proximal end such that the solid angle extending into the interior occupied by the charged particles emitted by the sample is between 0.1 sr and 1.47 sr, preferably between 0.21 sr and 0.84 sr.
- An entrance opening area of the entrance opening depends on distance and solid angle and is larger for the vacuum pressure operating mode than for the near atmospheric pressure operating mode.
- An entrance opening area of the entrance opening in the near atmospheric pressure operating mode can be between 0.0003 mm 2 and 1 mm 2 , in particular between 0.07 mm 2 and 0.8 mm 2 .
- An entrance opening area of the entrance opening in the vacuum pressure operating mode can be between over 1 mm 2 and 1000 mm 2 , in particular between 20 mm 2 and 300 mm 2 .
- a distance between the sample and the distal end of the interior in the vacuum pressure operating mode can be between 1 mm and 40 mm, in particular between 5 mm and 20 mm.
- the inlet opening can have one or more openings. In the case of multiple openings, the opening areas of the openings form the inlet opening area. If the inlet opening consists of one opening, the opening area of the opening corresponds to the inlet opening area.
- the opening or openings can be, for example, circular, elliptical, rectangular or slit-shaped.
- the inlet openings in the near-atmospheric pressure operating mode and in the vacuum pressure operating mode can have an identical opening shape or a different opening shape. They can be, for example, circular, elliptical, rectangular or slit-shaped.
- the shape can also be formed, for example, by multiple openings of the respective inlet opening. For example, a slit-shaped opening shape of the respective inlet opening can be created, by arranging several circular openings next to each other along a line at a respective distance from each other so that the openings together form a slot.
- the solid angle extending into the interior space occupied by the charged particles emitted by the sample may be composed of a plurality of partial solid angles, wherein a partial solid angle extends through each of the openings of the plurality of openings from the location on the surface of the sample into the interior space at which the charged particles are emitted.
- the entrance opening area in the near atmospheric pressure operating mode can, for example, be circular with a diameter between 0.02 mm and 1 mm, for example between 0.02 mm and 0.05 mm or between 0.3 mm and 1 mm.
- a smaller diameter makes it possible to operate the near atmospheric pressure operating mode at higher pressure.
- the smaller diameter can reduce the number of charged particles that can be received by the entrance section. Reducing the distance between the sample and the entrance opening of the entrance section can counteract this, as this can increase the number of charged particles that are received in the entrance opening.
- An intensity necessary for an analysis can be set depending on the distance and entrance opening area for a certain near atmospheric pressure by adjusting the distance and/or the entrance opening area. This makes it possible to obtain a certain minimum intensity for different pressures.
- a diameter of the entrance opening in the vacuum pressure operating mode can be between over 1 mm and 100 mm, preferably between 10 mm and 40 mm.
- the diameter of the entrance opening area in the vacuum pressure operating mode can, for example, be equal to the distance between the sample and the distal end of the interior space.
- the diameter of the entrance opening area can, for example, also be between 1 and 2 times, for example 1.5 times or 2 times the distance between the sample and the distal end of the interior space.
- the inlet section can have at least two parts that can be connected to one another.
- a first part can have the interior for the vacuum pressure operating mode.
- the connected parts can form the interior for the near atmospheric pressure operating mode.
- the inlet section can be designed such that an opening is formed between the connected parts along their connection point, the gas flow of which is less than the gas flow through the inlet opening, in particular 20% or less, for example 10% or less, 5% or less or 1% or less of the gas flow through the inlet opening. This makes it possible to provide a simple structure of the inlet section with which to switch between the vacuum pressure operating mode and the Near atmospheric pressure operating mode of the material analysis system can be switched.
- the connectable parts can be manufactured in such a way that a very precise positioning of the parts to each other is possible, for example to within a few pm.
- the fit of the connectable parts to each other can be less than +/- 10 pm, for example less than +/- 5 pm or between +/- 1 pm and +/- 5 pm.
- the interior space provision device can have one or more sliding mechanisms, for example, sliding guides.
- the sliding guides can be designed to move the first part relative to the second part.
- a first sliding guide can be designed to move the parts relative to each other in an x-direction in order to connect the parts to each other.
- a second sliding guide can be designed to move the parts relative to each other in a z-direction perpendicular to the x-direction, so that the parts can be pushed against each other in order to connect the parts via a seal.
- the housing of the input section can be made of a temperature-resistant material, for example temperature-resistant up to 100°C, up to 120°C, up to 150°C or up to 300°C.
- the temperature-resistant material can contain or be stainless steel or bronze, for example.
- the material can have a coating, for example be coated with carbon. This makes it possible to make the input section heatable.
- the interior space provision device can have one or more drives, e.g. a stepper motor, a gear drive or a pneumatic drive.
- the one or more drives can be designed to move the two parts relative to each other, for example to pivot them.
- the sections can each have a sealing part.
- the sealing parts can be designed to overlap one another when the sections are connected to one another and to create a pressure-tight connection such that in the near-atmospheric pressure operating mode, penetration of particles between the sections does not prevent the near-atmospheric pressure from being reduced from the distal end of the interior to its proximal end to a vacuum pressure. Because the sections in the If the two sections overlap in the near-atmospheric pressure operating mode, an improved seal can be achieved. Furthermore, when switching between the vacuum pressure operating mode and the near-atmospheric pressure operating mode, positioning of the sections relative to one another can be improved.
- the surfaces can be lapped, for example based on DIN 8589 TI 5.
- Lapping enables the surfaces to be smoothed and thus the surface roughness to be reduced. This can make it possible to produce a better seal.
- the interior space provision device can have at least one bearing via which the sections are pivotably connected to one another.
- the interior space provision device can be designed to pivot the sections relative to one another such that the interior space is provided for the near-atmospheric pressure operating mode or the interior space is provided for the vacuum pressure operating mode.
- the provision of few moving parts enables the degrees of freedom of movement to be restricted. This can reduce inaccuracies so that the sections can be positioned automatically in certain directions due to the restriction of the degrees of freedom. This makes it possible to provide a simple and reliable input section that can achieve a high positioning accuracy of the sections relative to one another.
- a compact input section can be provided, which thus enables the provision of a compact material analysis system.
- the interior space provision device can, for example, have two bearings, both of which are designed to pivot the sections relative to one another.
- the first bearing can be designed such that it can pivot one section around the other section about a first pivot axis.
- the second bearing can be designed such that it can pivot one section around itself about a second pivot axis.
- the second In particular, the bearing can be designed to position one section with kinematically restricted degrees of freedom on the other section.
- One or each of the two sections may comprise a hollow truncated cone.
- the two sections may each comprise an opening at their distal and proximal ends.
- the openings of the sections may be centered relative to one another. This enables a high positioning accuracy of the sections to be achieved in the connected state.
- the input section may be an aperture device for receiving charged particles.
- the input section may be connected to a lens or an analyzer.
- the lens may be designed to guide the charged particles from the input section to the analyzer.
- the input section may also be part of the lens.
- the input section may also be designed to guide the charged particles from its distal end to its proximal end.
- the proximal end of the input section may be connected to the lens or the analyzer and deliver the charged particles to the lens or the analyzer.
- the analyzer may be a hemispherical energy analyzer.
- the analyzer may be connected to a detector.
- the input section may also be part of an aperture device, for example a front cap electrode of an aperture device.
- the aperture device may comprise one or more electron optical lenses, stigmators, deflectors and/or slits.
- the entrance section can be a fold-away entrance section or a sliding entrance section.
- the input section can have a solid angle adjustment device.
- the solid angle adjustment device can be designed to adjust the solid angle.
- the solid angle adjustment device can have an input opening angle adjustment device that is designed to adjust an input opening angle.
- the solid angle adjustment device can have a distance adjustment device that can be designed to adjust a distance between the sample and the distal end of the provided interior space. Additionally or alternatively, the solid angle adjustment device can have an input opening area adjustment device that can be designed to adjust an input opening area. The solid angle adjustment device makes it possible to adjust the solid angle.
- the input section can have a diaphragm.
- the diaphragm can be, for example, an iris diaphragm, in particular a conical iris diaphragm.
- the iris diaphragm can be moved continuously or stepwise to change the entrance opening area and the distance between the sample and the distal end of the provided interior space. This makes it possible to set different entrance opening areas and distances between the sample and the distal end of the provided interior space. This can, for example, ensure that an intensity sufficient for an analysis is achieved under changing pressure conditions.
- a material analysis system which is designed to analyze a sample.
- the material analysis system has a detector for detecting charged particles emitted by the sample and an input section connected to the detector according to at least one of claims 1 to 9 or any embodiment of the input section.
- the material analysis system may be a photoelectron spectrometer.
- the photoelectron spectrometer may include a lens and an analyzer.
- the input section may be part of the lens or connected to it.
- the analyzer may be connected to the input section or the lens.
- the analyzer may be a hemispherical energy analyzer.
- the analyzer may be connected to the detector.
- the material analysis system may be a surface analysis system for analyzing surface and/or material properties.
- the monochromator can be arranged between the X-ray source and the sample in order to be able to radiate monochromatic X-rays onto the sample. This enables the sample to be illuminated with monochromatic X-rays and photoelectrons to be released from the sample.
- the vacuum system can be used, for example, to generate X-ray photoemission spectra and to analyze the sample based thereon.
- the vacuum system can contain a sample holder and/or a sample tray.
- the sample holder or the sample tray can be movable and/or pivotable.
- the sample holder or sample tray can be part of the material analysis system.
- a method for selectively operating an input section according to any one of claims 1 to 9 or any embodiment of the input section in a vacuum pressure operating mode or a near atmospheric pressure operating mode comprises the steps:
- the interior space depending on the selected operating mode such that in the near-atmospheric pressure operating mode the interior space is provided such that a near-atmospheric pressure is reduced from the distal end of the interior space to its proximal end to a vacuum pressure, and the interior space is provided in the vacuum pressure operating mode such that a solid angle extending into the interior space occupied by the charged particles emitted from the sample and a distance between the sample and the distal end of the interior space is larger in the vacuum pressure operating mode than in the near-atmospheric pressure operating mode.
- the selection of the near atmospheric pressure operating mode or the vacuum pressure operating mode can be done manually, for example by a user, or automatically, for example based on a pressure measurement in front of the distal end of the interior space.
- the inlet section can have a pressure sensor.
- a pressure sensor can also be provided in the negative pressure system.
- a corresponding interior space can be provided that ensures operation with sufficient intensity. This can enable improved and more reliable operation under different pressure conditions.
- samples can be analyzed at different pressures, in particular it can be analyzed how the different pressure affects the sample and its properties.
- a method for selectively analyzing a material in a vacuum pressure mode of operation or a near atmospheric pressure mode of operation using a vacuum system according to claim 11 or any embodiment of the vacuum system.
- the method comprises the steps:
- a surface analysis a measurement of a surface reaction, a measurement of liquid-solid reactions, a measurement of liquid-gas reactions, a measurement of liquids, a measurement of thin layers, a detection of foreign substances in liquids, a photoemission measurement, a photoelectron spectroscopy measurement near atmospheric pressure, an X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy measurement near atmospheric pressure, an electrochemical measurement, a battery analysis, an oxidation measurement, an electrolyte measurement, an electrode measurement, a sample measurement through a liquid, a quality control, a corrosion measurement, a catalyst measurement, a pressure dependent measurement, a measurement of a biological sample, a potentiometry measurement, a measurement of a supersaturated liquid, or an analysis of microelectronic devices.
- a computer program product for selectively analyzing a material in a vacuum pressure mode of operation or a near atmospheric pressure mode of operation by means of a negative pressure system according to claim 11 or any embodiment of the negative pressure system.
- the computer program product includes computer program code means for causing a processor to carry out the method according to claim 13 or any embodiment of the method when the computer program product is executed on the processor.
- Fig. IC schematically and exemplarily the first embodiment in a vacuum pressure operating mode
- Fig. 2A shows schematically and by way of example an embodiment of a vacuum system with a material analysis system in the form of a photoelectron spectrometer in the vacuum pressure operating mode, which contains a second embodiment of an input section;
- Fig. 3 A shows schematically and by way of example a third embodiment of the inlet section in the form of a displaceable nozzle in the near atmospheric pressure operating mode
- Fig. 3B shows schematically and by way of example a third embodiment of the inlet section in the form of a displaceable nozzle in the vacuum pressure operating mode
- Fig. 4A shows schematically and exemplarily a fourth embodiment of the inlet section in a sectional drawing in the near atmospheric pressure operating mode
- Fig. 4B shows schematically and exemplarily the fourth embodiment of the input section in the vacuum pressure operating mode
- Fig. 5 is an exemplary flow chart of an embodiment of the method for selectively operating the input section in the vacuum pressure operating mode or in the near atmospheric pressure operating mode;
- Fig. 6 is an exemplary flow diagram of an embodiment of a method for selectively analyzing a material in vacuum pressure mode of operation or in near atmospheric pressure mode of operation using a negative pressure system.
- the mean free path of the photoelectrons is increased so that more photoelectrons can reach the proximal end 22 without colliding with gas molecules.
- the absolute pressure can then be further reduced by additional vacuum pumps down to the energy analyzer, for example to 10' 6 mbar.
- the absolute pressure in front of the distal end 20 can also be between 0.1 mbar and 1000 mbar in the near atmospheric pressure operating mode.
- the interior space providing device 30 provides the interior space 18' in the vacuum pressure operating mode such that a solid angle occupied by the photoelectrons emitted by the sample and extending into the interior space 18' is larger than a solid angle occupied by the photoelectrons emitted by the sample and extending into the interior space 18 (not shown).
- the solid angle is 0.84 sr for the vacuum pressure operating mode and 0.46 sr for the near atmospheric pressure operating mode.
- an entrance opening area of the entrance opening 24' of the interior space 18' is also larger than an entrance opening area of the entrance opening 24 of the interior space 18.
- a distance between the sample and the distal end 20' of the interior space 18' is larger than a distance between the sample and the distal end 20 of the interior space 18 (not shown).
- a cross section of the interior space 18' in the vacuum pressure operating mode also increases from the distal end 20' to the proximal end 22 such that the interior space 18' can receive a solid angle of 0.84 sr in the vacuum pressure operating mode. This corresponds to a cone with a half angle of 30° of the photoelectrons emitted by the sample during operation of the photoelectron spectrometer.
- the cross-section of the interior in the vacuum pressure operating mode can also increase from the distal end to the proximal end such that the solid angle taken up by the charged particles emitted by the sample and extending into the interior is between 0.1 sr and 1.47 sr.
- a cone with a half angle for example, between 0.1° and 40°, between 3° and 40° or between 20° and 40° of the charged particles emitted by the sample can be received by the interior.
- the cross-section of the interior space 18 in near-atmospheric pressure operation also increases from the distal end 20 to the proximal end 22 such that the interior space 18 can receive a solid angle of 0.46 sr in the near-atmospheric pressure operating mode.
- the inlet opening shape of the inlet opening 24 is circular and has an inlet opening area of 0.1 mm 2 .
- the inlet opening shape can also have a different shape, for example rectangular, oval or another shape.
- the inlet opening area can also have a different size, for example between 0.0003 mm 2 and 1 mm 2 , eg between 0.03 mm 2 and 0.8 mm 2 , in particular between 0.07 mm 2 and 0.8 mm 2 .
- the inlet opening of the inlet opening 24' is circular and has an inlet opening area of 100 mm 2 .
- the inlet opening shape can also have a different shape, for example rectangular, oval or another shape.
- the inlet opening area can also have a different size, for example between over 1 mm 2 and 1000 mm 2 , in particular between 20 mm 2 and 300 mm 2 .
- a distance between the sample and the distal end 20' of the interior space 18' is 10 mm.
- the distance between the sample and the distal end 20' of the interior space 18' can be between 1 mm and 40 mm, in particular between 5 mm and 20 mm.
- Fig. 4A shows a fourth embodiment of the inlet section 10'" in a sectional drawing in the near atmospheric pressure operating mode.
- the fourth embodiment of the inlet section 10'" is similar to the first embodiment of the inlet section 10.
- the fourth embodiment of the inlet section 10'" has, among other things, a gap seal between the sections 14 and 16 instead of an O-ring.
- the sections 14 and 16 each have a sealing part 64 and 66, respectively.
- the sealing parts 64 and 66 overlap with one another when the sections 14 and 16 are connected to one another, so that a pressure-tight connection is created such that in the near-atmospheric pressure operating mode, penetration of particles, in particular gas particles, between the sections 14 and 16 does not prevent the near-atmospheric pressure from the distal end 20 of the interior space 18 to its proximal end 22 from being reduced to a vacuum pressure.
- a gas flow rate through the sealing parts 64 and 66 is less than 5% of the gas flow rate through the inlet opening 24.
- a different tightness of the seal can be achieved by the sealing parts 64 and 66, for example a lower one, e.g. with a gas flow rate of up to 20% of the gas flow rate through the inlet opening or a higher one, e.g. with a gas flow rate of less than 1% of the gas flow rate through the inlet opening.
- the distal end 20 or 20' is located near the sample 42 arranged on the sample holder 44.
- the sample 42 is preferably located at a distance of between 1 and 2 times the diameter of the circular entrance opening.
- the sample is arranged centered on an optical axis 70 of the entrance section 10'".
- the optical axis 70 is identical to the optical axis of a lens (not shown) arranged at the proximal end 22 of the entrance section 10'", which guides photoelectrons 114 to an analyzer.
- the analyzer in turn guides the photoelectrons in an energy-resolved manner to a detector so that they can be detected in an energy-resolved manner.
- Fig. 5 shows an embodiment of the method 500 for selectively operating an input section, for example one of the embodiments of the input section of Figures 1 to 4, in the vacuum pressure operating mode or in the near atmospheric pressure operating mode.
- the near atmospheric pressure operating mode or the vacuum pressure operating mode is selected.
- the operating mode can be selected automatically or manually by a user, for example based on a pressure measurement in front of the distal end of the interior of the entrance section.
- the interior space is provided depending on the selected operating mode. If the near-atmospheric pressure operating mode was selected, the interior space is provided such that a near-atmospheric pressure is reduced to a vacuum pressure from the distal end of the interior space to its proximal end. If the vacuum pressure operating mode was selected, the interior space is provided with a larger solid angle occupied by the charged particles emitted by the sample and extending into the interior space and a larger distance between the sample and the distal end of the interior space than in the near-atmospheric pressure operating mode. In addition, the entrance opening area of the entrance opening is also larger. Depending on the type of entrance section, the interior space can be provided in different ways. For example, two interconnected sections can be folded apart by folding one section away. This can increase the entrance opening area and at the same time increase the distance between the sample and the distal end of the now provided interior space.
- Fig. 6 shows an embodiment of a method 600 for selectively analyzing a material in vacuum pressure mode or in Near atmospheric pressure mode of operation using a vacuum system, such as the vacuum system shown in Figs. 2A and 2B.
- step 602 a sample is provided in the vacuum housing of the vacuum system.
- step 604 the input section of the vacuum system is operated according to the method 500.
- the near atmospheric pressure operating mode or the vacuum pressure operating mode is selected and then in step 504 the interior space is provided depending on the selected operating mode.
- step 606 the pressure in front of the distal end of the interior of the inlet section is set depending on the operating mode.
- the pressure in the vacuum housing can be set for this.
- the pressure in the area of the sample can also be set locally.
- the pressure is set so that in the near-atmospheric pressure operating mode, near-atmospheric pressure prevails in front of the distal end of the interior and in the vacuum pressure operating mode, vacuum pressure prevails in front of the distal end of the interior.
- Steps 604 and 606 can also be carried out in reverse order. For example, if the operating mode is selected automatically, e.g. based on a pressure measurement, the pressure can be set first in step 606 so that the operating mode is then automatically selected in step 502.
- the sample is illuminated with the illumination system.
- the illumination system for example, monochromatic X-rays of a certain wavelength or energy can be irradiated onto the surface of the sample.
- the charged particles emitted by the sample are detected in the detector.
- photoelectrons exiting the sample excited by the monochromatic X-rays can be detected in the detector.
- they can be passed through an energy analyzer, for example in the form of a hemispherical energy analyzer, in order to be able to resolve their kinetic energy.
- the method for selectively analyzing can be used, for example, for a surface analysis, a measurement of a surface reaction, a measurement of liquid-solid reactions, a measurement of liquid-gas reactions, a measurement of liquids, a measurement of thin layers, a detection of foreign substances in liquids, a photoemission measurement, a photoelectron spectroscopy measurement near atmospheric pressure, an X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy measurement near atmospheric pressure, an electrochemical measurement, a battery analysis, an oxidation measurement, an electrolyte measurement, an electrode measurement, a sample measurement by through a liquid, a quality control, a corrosion measurement, a catalyst measurement, a pressure dependent measurement, a measurement of a biological sample, a potentiometry measurement, a measurement of a supersaturated liquid, an analysis of microelectronic devices.
- a unit, processor or device can perform a plurality of functions of different objects mentioned in the claims.
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- Spectroscopy & Molecular Physics (AREA)
- Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
- Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- Biochemistry (AREA)
- General Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
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Abstract
Description
Claims
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| DE102022126029.1A DE102022126029A1 (de) | 2022-10-07 | 2022-10-07 | Schalten zwischen Vakuum- und Nahatmosphärendruckbetrieb in einem Materialanalysesystem |
| PCT/DE2023/100736 WO2024074173A1 (de) | 2022-10-07 | 2023-10-04 | Schalten zwischen vakuum- und nahatmosphärendruckbetrieb in einem materialanalysesystem |
Publications (1)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| EP4599237A1 true EP4599237A1 (de) | 2025-08-13 |
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ID=88505214
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| EP23792880.9A Pending EP4599237A1 (de) | 2022-10-07 | 2023-10-04 | Schalten zwischen vakuum- und nahatmosphärendruckbetrieb in einem materialanalysesystem |
Country Status (5)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| EP (1) | EP4599237A1 (de) |
| JP (1) | JP2025533656A (de) |
| CN (1) | CN120225866A (de) |
| DE (1) | DE102022126029A1 (de) |
| WO (1) | WO2024074173A1 (de) |
-
2022
- 2022-10-07 DE DE102022126029.1A patent/DE102022126029A1/de active Pending
-
2023
- 2023-10-04 WO PCT/DE2023/100736 patent/WO2024074173A1/de not_active Ceased
- 2023-10-04 JP JP2025519812A patent/JP2025533656A/ja active Pending
- 2023-10-04 EP EP23792880.9A patent/EP4599237A1/de active Pending
- 2023-10-04 CN CN202380078170.9A patent/CN120225866A/zh active Pending
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| DE102022126029A1 (de) | 2024-04-18 |
| CN120225866A (zh) | 2025-06-27 |
| JP2025533656A (ja) | 2025-10-07 |
| WO2024074173A1 (de) | 2024-04-11 |
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