EP4591368A1 - Une batterie a l'etat solide et une methode de fabrication de la batterie - Google Patents
Une batterie a l'etat solide et une methode de fabrication de la batterieInfo
- Publication number
- EP4591368A1 EP4591368A1 EP23773308.4A EP23773308A EP4591368A1 EP 4591368 A1 EP4591368 A1 EP 4591368A1 EP 23773308 A EP23773308 A EP 23773308A EP 4591368 A1 EP4591368 A1 EP 4591368A1
- Authority
- EP
- European Patent Office
- Prior art keywords
- cathode
- anode
- battery
- components
- mixture
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Withdrawn
Links
Classifications
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M4/00—Electrodes
- H01M4/02—Electrodes composed of, or comprising, active material
- H01M4/04—Processes of manufacture in general
- H01M4/0402—Methods of deposition of the material
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M10/00—Secondary cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M10/05—Accumulators with non-aqueous electrolyte
- H01M10/056—Accumulators with non-aqueous electrolyte characterised by the materials used as electrolytes, e.g. mixed inorganic/organic electrolytes
- H01M10/0561—Accumulators with non-aqueous electrolyte characterised by the materials used as electrolytes, e.g. mixed inorganic/organic electrolytes the electrolyte being constituted of inorganic materials only
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M4/00—Electrodes
- H01M4/02—Electrodes composed of, or comprising, active material
- H01M4/13—Electrodes for accumulators with non-aqueous electrolyte, e.g. for lithium-accumulators; Processes of manufacture thereof
- H01M4/139—Processes of manufacture
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M4/00—Electrodes
- H01M4/02—Electrodes composed of, or comprising, active material
- H01M4/62—Selection of inactive substances as ingredients for active masses, e.g. binders, fillers
- H01M4/621—Binders
- H01M4/622—Binders being polymers
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M4/00—Electrodes
- H01M4/02—Electrodes composed of, or comprising, active material
- H01M4/62—Selection of inactive substances as ingredients for active masses, e.g. binders, fillers
- H01M4/624—Electric conductive fillers
- H01M4/625—Carbon or graphite
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M50/00—Constructional details or processes of manufacture of the non-active parts of electrochemical cells other than fuel cells, e.g. hybrid cells
- H01M50/40—Separators; Membranes; Diaphragms; Spacing elements inside cells
- H01M50/403—Manufacturing processes of separators, membranes or diaphragms
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M50/00—Constructional details or processes of manufacture of the non-active parts of electrochemical cells other than fuel cells, e.g. hybrid cells
- H01M50/40—Separators; Membranes; Diaphragms; Spacing elements inside cells
- H01M50/46—Separators, membranes or diaphragms characterised by their combination with electrodes
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M6/00—Primary cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M6/14—Cells with non-aqueous electrolyte
- H01M6/18—Cells with non-aqueous electrolyte with solid electrolyte
- H01M6/182—Cells with non-aqueous electrolyte with solid electrolyte with halogenide as solid electrolyte
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M4/00—Electrodes
- H01M4/02—Electrodes composed of, or comprising, active material
- H01M2004/026—Electrodes composed of, or comprising, active material characterised by the polarity
- H01M2004/028—Positive electrodes
Definitions
- the present invention relates to a new method for preparing a battery, the battery obtained by the method as well as a battery without liquid electrolyte and/or a solid state battery.
- the invention also relates to the battery and an assembly for assembling the battery.
- electrical energy represents the most attractive form of energy because it can be converted into other forms of energy relatively easily.
- Batteries are devices containing components capable of generating electrical energy through electrochemical reactions which take place in the battery, for example, when it is connected to an external electrical circuit. More generally, batteries are devices for storing electrical energy.
- Lithium batteries are widely available commercially. They can be composed of an anode, an electrolyte, a separator, a cathode, two metal current collectors and a metal packaging.
- the anode is generally made of carboxymethylcellulose polymer loaded with graphite powder.
- the cathode is usually made of PVDF polymer loaded with metal oxide, such as lithium-nickel-manganese-cobalt oxide or lithium-iron-phosphate and SP carbon.
- Separators are usually made of a thin, porous plastic polymer film. Electrolytes are usually made of non-aqueous electrolyte with a dissolved lithium salt.
- Current collectors are usually made of foil aluminum and copper foil.
- the packaging or metal protections in which all the elements mentioned above are packaged are generally made of aluminum or stainless steel.
- the current challenges of lithium batteries are lifespan, energy capacity, safety, and reduction of manufacturing costs.
- another objective is to limit toxic waste and reduce the ecological impact in general, for example the emission of CO2 and the use of raw materials.
- a new class of lithium batteries has been investigated over the past decades for commercial application to replace the non-aqueous electrolyte of lithium batteries.
- These are solid-state batteries that use a solid electrolyte instead of a non-aqueous liquid electrolyte.
- the all-solid-state battery has the advantage of being safer than the liquid electrolyte used in the lithium battery, which prevents the battery from catching fire. Therefore, there is no need for components for security. Additionally, this approach allows the use of a lithium metal anode, allowing higher capacity to be achieved. Finally, it allows for a higher gravimetric and specific energy density. However, there is still a need to simplify the integration for manufacturing, increase their life cycle and reduce the cost of all-solid-state batteries on a large scale.
- WO 2017/023884 Al discloses a battery comprising a cathode made of elemental iodine, an anode comprising lithium or metallic silver, and iodide between the anode and the cathode serving as a separator and electrolyte. The formation of silver iodide on the surface of metallic silver was observed. The entire battery can be formed, including the iodine cathode, from a mixture of silver iodide and lithium iodide in the presence of an external potential applied to current collectors .
- WO 2018/231731 discloses semi-solid, solid batteries and fuel cells. In addition, this document discloses obtaining an electrolyte by contacting the anode with an ionic conductor and adding a separate cathode once an SEI is formed.
- An objective of the invention is to produce a primary or secondary battery in a simple manner, at an advantageous cost, and preferably a battery without liquid electrolyte. Such a battery would avoid the disadvantages of liquid electrolyte batteries.
- Another objective of the invention is the implementation of a platform and/or a generalized approach which can be applied with different types of redox species and/or metal cation, for example.
- An objective of the invention is to implement a battery in which the use of a current collector is not obligatory in all cases, depending on the metal and/or cation used.
- the present invention relates to a method for manufacturing a battery without liquid electrolyte and/or a solid state battery, the method comprising: providing a cathode mixture of components comprising a cathode active material and a reactive agent, said mixture of components preferably providing at least the constituents of a cathode, and said mixture of components comprising at least one conductive material; the provision of an anode; the induction of the in situ formation of a passivation layer functioning as a separator between the anode and the cathode.
- the present invention relates to a battery which can be obtained by the method according to the invention.
- the present invention relates to a battery without liquid electrolyte and/or a solid state battery comprising a cathode, an anode, and a separator of the solid-electrolyte interface (SEI) type, said SEI preferably being formed in if you.
- SEI solid-electrolyte interface
- the present invention relates to an assembly for assembling a battery, the assembly comprising an anode and a cathode mixture of components comprising an active cathode material and a reactive agent, said mixture of components preferably providing the minus the constituents of a cathode.
- said mixture of components comprises at least one conductive material, characterized in that a cation chosen from the cations of magnesium, iron, zinc, aluminum, nickel, lithium, sodium, potassium, calcium, manganese, d indium, vanadium, zirconium, lanthanum, boron, silicon, cobalt, tin, titanium, hydrogen, and/or an anion chosen from the anions of oxygen, sulfur, phosphate, chloride, fluoride, iodide, bromide, sulfate, acetate, nitrate, and the organic anions is present in the mixture of components, preferably in said reactive agent, said assembly allowing the preparation of a battery following the bringing into contact of the anode with a cathode formed from said cathode mixture of components.
- Figure IA is a schematic view of an anode and a cathode before assembling the battery according to a first embodiment.
- Figure IB is a schematic view of the battery of Figure 1 A following assembly of the anode and the cathode and the in situ formation of a separator and/or solid electrolyte.
- Figure 2 is a schematic view of a battery according to another embodiment.
- Figure 3 is a schematic view of a battery in the form of a button cell according to yet another embodiment.
- the present invention relates to a method for manufacturing a battery, as well as to a battery which can be obtained, for example, by the method.
- the method also relates to a framework and/or an assembly generally making it possible to prepare a battery according to a generalizable model and on the basis of a large choice of constituents.
- the invention also relates to a battery.
- the method involves the provision of an anode.
- the anode comprises one or more chosen from a metal in its metallic form, graphite, hard carbon, activated carbon, a metal alloy, a metal oxide, a polyanionic compound such as compounds based on phosphate, sulfate and a combination of several of the aforementioned materials.
- the anode of the battery comprises magnesium, preferably magnesium metal.
- the anode of the battery comprises one or more chosen from lithium, sodium, calcium, iron, zinc, manganese, aluminum, preferably in metallic form.
- the anode may comprise and/or form an insertion material, making it possible to accommodate a metal and/or receive the metal cations.
- insert materials are graphite (e.g. metallized graphite), hard carbon (metalized hard carbon), metal, metal alloy, metal oxide, polyanionic compound.
- the anode can also corrode following the chemical reaction associated with the discharge.
- the anode comprises the metal or alloy in its form metallic.
- An example of an alloy is that of magnesium and lithium.
- the anode is preferably capable of contributing to or assisting in the in situ formation of a passivation layer which will serve as a separator between the anode and the cathode. Metals in their metallic forms and alloys are considered reactive.
- graphite for example, lithiated graphite.
- hard carbon as a component of the anode, for example sodiated hard carbon.
- the anode is chosen from a metal plate and/or wafer, a compressed metal powder, and a polymer loaded with metal powder. In one embodiment, the anode is a metal wire and/or strip.
- the expression in situ refers to a generation of the element concerned, generally the separator and/or the SEI, when the main elements, such as the anode and the cathode, have been assembled, placed together and/or brought into contact, for example in a configuration which corresponds to that of the final battery. It is also possible to consider the element formed in situ as a solid electrolyte.
- the method preferably includes the provision of a cathode.
- the cathode is manufactured from a mixture of components comprising all the elements apart from the anode necessary for the formation of the anode-separator-cathode functional assembly.
- the method of the invention comprises providing a mixture of components comprising an active cathode material and a reactive agent.
- said mixture of components comprises at least one conductive material.
- the active material of the cathode is a component which participates in the redox reaction where the ionic species are reduced or oxidized which makes it possible to obtain a potential and an electric current to power a device.
- the active material can intercalate hydrogen ions and/or metal ions and/or anions or adsorb hydrogen ions and/or metal ions and/or anions or carry out a conversion reaction of this same material.
- the active material of the cathode may comprise one or more of the following chemical elements lithium, sodium, potassium, magnesium, calcium, manganese, zinc, iron, aluminum, copper, nickel, tin, vanadium, chromium, titanium, zirconium, molybdenum, lead, selenium, lanthanum, strontium, scandium, yttrium, cobalt, barium, niobium, ruthenium, phosphorus, palladium, platinum, tungsten, gold, silver, cadmium, tantalum, boron, carbon, nitrogen, oxygen, fluorine, chlorine, iodine, gallium, germanium, arsenic, indium, tin, antimony, iridium, bismuth, hydrogen, sulfur, silicon or alloys thereof.
- the active material of the cathode may comprise one or more cations of one or more of the aforementioned metals, for example one or more metal cations such as, for example, one or more chosen from: Mg 2+ , Al 3+ , Zn 2 + Cu 2+ , Ni 2+ , Cr 3+ , Mn 2+ , Ag + , Fe 2+ , Fe 3+ , K + , Na + , In 3+ , Zr 2 , La 3+ , Nb 3+ .
- metal cations such as, for example, one or more chosen from: Mg 2+ , Al 3+ , Zn 2 + Cu 2+ , Ni 2+ , Cr 3+ , Mn 2+ , Ag + , Fe 2+ , Fe 3+ , K + , Na + , In 3+ , Zr 2 , La 3+ , Nb 3+ .
- the active material of the cathode may be a metal salt, preferably a salt of a transition metal, preferably a salt of iron, manganese, chromium, nickel, cobalt, titanium, molybdenum, vanadium, zirconium, and tungsten.
- the active cathode material comprises a halide, a phosphate, a sulfate, nitrate, an organic anion, such as for example, acetate, citrate, etc., of a transition metal, preferably of one of the aforementioned metals.
- the cathode active material may be or comprise a metal oxide and/or one or more polyanionic compounds.
- the active material can be chosen from: manganese oxide, manganese dioxide, iron oxide, chromium oxide, zinc oxide, magnesium oxide, iron oxide. aluminum, nickel oxide, cobalt oxide, vanadium oxide, molybdenum oxide, dichromate, chromium trioxide, lead oxide, zinc oxide, titanium oxide, oxide lithium, sodium oxide, zirconium oxide, lanthanum oxide, silicon oxide, lead dioxide, iron oxychloride, bismuth oxychloride, vanadium oxychloride, chromium oxychloride, manganese oxychloride, titanium oxychloride, molybdenum oxychloride, cobalt oxychloride, zinc oxychloride, copper oxychloride, aluminum oxychloride, nickel oxychloride, lithium-iron-phosphate (LFP), spinel MmCk, nickel-manganese-cobalt oxide (NMC), nickel-cobalt-aluminum oxide (NCA), sodium-
- the active material of the cathode may be or comprise an active material based on carbon whether it is electrically conductive or not such as: activated carbon, conductive porous carbon, graphite, graphene, graphene oxide and hard carbon, and mesocarbon microbeads (MCMB).
- activated carbon conductive porous carbon
- MCMB mesocarbon microbeads
- the active material of the cathode may be or comprise a porous material such as: a metal organic framework (MOF) or clay or organic polymer or porous conductive or non-conductive metallo-organic polymer.
- a metal organic framework MOF
- clay organic polymer
- porous conductive or non-conductive metallo-organic polymer a porous material such as: a metal organic framework (MOF) or clay or organic polymer or porous conductive or non-conductive metallo-organic polymer.
- the active material of the cathode may be or comprise a sulfur-based material such as: sulfur, iron sulfide, molybdenum sulfide, manganese sulfide, titanium sulfide, nickel, zinc sulfide or sulfur-rich polymer or any metal sulfide of the elemental material cited above in the section.
- a sulfur-based material such as: sulfur, iron sulfide, molybdenum sulfide, manganese sulfide, titanium sulfide, nickel, zinc sulfide or sulfur-rich polymer or any metal sulfide of the elemental material cited above in the section.
- the active material of the cathode may be or comprise an organic material such as the acid and/or the metal salt of the following compound: benzoquinone; ascorbate; Rhodizonate; 2,5-dihydroxyterephthalic acids; 4-hydroxyisophthalic 5-Ethynyl-1,3-benzenedicarboxyl; 5-Cyano-1,3; benzenedicamyl; phthalic Tetrachlorophthalic anhydride; tetrafluorotephthalic Diisodecyl phthalate; 4-hydroxyisophthalic 2,5- Dihydroxyterephthalic; 3-Fluorophthalic; terephthalic; 2-Bromoterephthalic; 2- hydroxyterephthalic Monoethyl phthalate; salicylic mono-cyclohexyl phthalate; tetrafluorophthalic Diisopropyl phthalate; Dihexyl phthalate; Ditridecyl phthalate; Diethyl phthalate
- the cathode mixture of components includes several different, for example two or more different active materials.
- a first active material is a conductive carbon (which also or mainly fulfills the function of conductive material) and a second active material comprises one of the aforementioned metals and cations as a component of the active material, for example chosen from oxides, oxohalides ( oxychlorides), phosphates, and/or sulfates, of the metals mentioned above and among polyanionic compounds as active materials.
- the reagent (below) that was not used during the formation of the SEI can in some cases also function as active material.
- the mixture of components for the preparation of the cathode preferably comprises a reactive agent.
- a wide variety of materials can be used as a reactive agent.
- the reactive agent will function as an oxidizing agent.
- the reactive agent is an agent (or comprises an agent) which is capable of reacting preferably with the anode and/or the cathode to contribute to the generation of a SEI ("Solid Electrolyte Interphase").
- SEI Solid Electrolyte Interphase
- the SEI is a passivation layer, preferably formed in situ, which will function as a separator between the anode and cathode. The formation of the SEI and thus the separator is described further below.
- the separator functions as an insulator, while allowing ions to diffuse between the anode and cathode during battery operation.
- the reactive agent comprises a metallic and/or acidic inorganic salt and/or a metallic and/or acidic organic salt such as the family of halogens, sulfates, nitrates, persulfates, peroxides, trifluoromethanosulfonates , hexafluorophosphates, carboxylic, aromatics, citrates, acetates, permanganates, carbonates.
- a metallic and/or acidic inorganic salt and/or a metallic and/or acidic organic salt such as the family of halogens, sulfates, nitrates, persulfates, peroxides, trifluoromethanosulfonates , hexafluorophosphates, carboxylic, aromatics, citrates, acetates, permanganates, carbonates.
- the reactive agent comprises or consists of a metal halide or metal oxohalide salt, preferably a metal salt of chloride, fluoride, oxychloride or oxy fluoride.
- the metallic component of the salt of the reactive agent is chosen from: sodium, lithium, magnesium, copper, zinc, calcium, manganese, zirconium, lanthanum, aluminum, iron, molybdenum, lead, cobalt, vanadium, chromium, nickel, silver, germanium, niobium, indium, selenium, scandium, tin, tungsten, and strontium.
- the reactive agent comprises a chloride salt of one or more of the aforementioned metals.
- the reactive agent can be chosen from one or more of NaCl, LiCl, MgCh, KC1, CuCh, ZnCh, CaCh, MnCh, LaCh, AlCh, FeCh, FeCh, MOC1 6 , MoCh, M02CI10, SnCh, SnCl 4 , C0CI2, VCh, VCI3, VCI4, VC1 5 , CrCl 3 , NiCh, ZrCl 3 , ZrCl 4 , AgCl, GeCl 2 , GeCl 4 , NbCl 3 , NbCl 4 , NbCh, WC1 6 , SrCh, NaF, LiF, MgF 2 , KF, CuF 2 , ZnF 2 , CaF 2 , MnF 2 , LaF 3 , A1F 3 , FeF 2 , FeF 3 , MoF 6 , M0F5, M02F10, SnF2, SnF 4 , C0F2, VF2,
- the reactive agent is chosen NaCl, LiCl, MgC12, KC1, CuCl 2 , CaCl 2 , FeC13, A1C13, MnCl 2 , Mode, ZrOCl 2 and combinations comprising two or more of the aforementioned elements.
- the reactive agent comprises a metal cation such as one or more chosen from: Mg 2+ , Cu 2+ , Ni 2+ , Cr 2+ , Cr 3+ , Mn 2+ , Ag + , Fe 2 + , Fe 3+ and K + , Na + , In + , Zr 2+ , La 3+ , Nb 3+ .
- the reactive agent may be gaseous such as: dioxygen, dinitrogen, ozone, carbon dioxide, chlorine, sulfur dioxide.
- the reactive agent is capable of reacting with the anode, preferably a metallic anode to form the SEI.
- the reactive agent and the anode material are chosen as a function of each other, so as to allow the generation, preferably in situ, of an SEI.
- the reactive agent includes a halide anion which contributes to the formation of the SEI and which may also participate in the redox reaction as an active cathode material.
- the reactive agent contains the cation of a metal present in the anode, preferably of the same metal of the anode if the latter comprises the metal in its metallic form.
- the anode comprises a metal in metallic form, and the reactive agent is a salt preferably comprising the same metal in cationic form.
- the salt flag comprises a halide, oxohalide, preferably chloride or oxychloride, as mentioned above.
- the reactive agent preferably comprises a magnesium cation.
- the anode is metallized using the metal present in the reactive agent.
- the anode comprises metallized graphite, for example lithiated graphite, and the reactive agent comprises lithium ions.
- the anode comprises sodiated hard carbon, and the reactive agent comprises sodium ions.
- the mixture of cathode components comprises at least one electrically conductive material.
- the active material used already has conductive properties, a separate conductor is not necessary.
- the binder (described in more detail below) is present and it is conductive, a separate conductor is not required.
- the cathode mixture of components preferably comprises, in addition to the reactive agent, (i) an active cathode material, (ii) an electrical conductor and (iii) a binder, and the functions (i )-(iii) can be produced, in the mixture of cathode components, by a single, two or three or even more different materials and/or compounds.
- the conductive material comprises conductive carbon.
- the conductive carbon is preferably a carbonaceous material which is used to increase the electronic conductivity of the electrodes.
- the conductive carbon is chosen from super P carbon (SP carbon), graphite, graphene, graphene oxide, MCMB carbon, conductive organic carbon, conductive porous carbon, and combinations comprising two or plus the aforementioned materials.
- the active material already has conductive properties, and the active material thus also functions as a conductive material.
- said active cathode material and said conductive material are the same material, preferably a carbon-based material.
- the conductive carbon content can be reduced according to the preference of those skilled in the art in order to deliberately reduce the electronic conductivity of the cathode to obtain better performance.
- a poorly reactive metal such as zinc or manganese can be assembled with a mixture of less conductive components in order to force the direction of the current from the anode towards the cathode.
- the conductive material comprises a conductive polymer, of preferably a conductive organic polymer, that is to say polymers which can have electrical conductivity, in particular the movement of electrons (and not by diffusion of ions).
- conductive polymers are: melanin, polypyrroles, polyanilines, polycarbazoles, polyindoles, polyazepines, polythiophenes (PT), poly(p-phenylene sulfide) (PPS), polyacetylenes, poly(p-phenylene vitene) (PPV), polyfluorenes , polypyrenes, polyazulenes, polynaphthalenes.
- Some of these polymers are preferably doped in order to obtain the desired conductive properties.
- the conductive material and the active cathode material are constituted by a single material or by two different materials, and the binder is preferably different from the conductive material and the active cathode material.
- the binder functions essentially as a binder and not as an active cathode material nor as a conductive material.
- the active cathode material and the current conductor are potentially present in the form of a single material, preferably in the form of a conductive carbon having the property of active material of insertion and/or of adsorption and/or catalysis.
- the functional battery comprises a cation capable of migrating between the anode and the cathode during the discharge of the battery and/or an anion is capable of migrating between the cathode and the anode during the discharge of the battery. battery.
- the cation is preferably capable of migrating towards the cathode and then reduced after having been oxidized at the anode during discharge of the battery.
- the anion is preferably capable of migrating towards the anode and then reduced after having been oxidized at the cathode during battery discharge.
- the cation is generally a metal cation, for example chosen from the cations of magnesium, iron, manganese, zinc, aluminum, lithium, sodium, potassium, calcium, manganese, titanium and a combination of two or more of the above.
- the cation can be chosen from the cations of the reactive agent.
- the cation is added to the mixture of cathode components as a reactive agent, as an active material cathode and/or as an ionic additive, so that it is not necessary to add it separately.
- the cation is released from the anode, for example when the latter is formed of a metal in its elementary form and/or if the anode comprises the metal.
- the cation is added as the cationic element of the reactive agent.
- the metal cation released is the metal cation of the reactive agent.
- one, several or all chosen from said active material, said reactive agent, said anode, and, if present, said ionic additive is capable of releasing at least one metal cation preferably chosen from cations magnesium, iron, lithium, sodium, potassium, calcium, manganese, indium, zinc, aluminum, lead, titanium, zirconium, lanthanum, cobalt, nickel, molybdenum, copper and a combination of two or more of the above.
- a metal cation present in the reactive agent may be released.
- one, several or all chosen from said active material, said reactive agent, said anode, and, if present, said ionic additive is capable of releasing at least one anion.
- the anion can be inorganic and/or organic.
- pennant is preferably chosen from halides such as fluoride, chloride, iodide, bromide and a combination of two or more of the aforementioned, and also from the anions CCL 2 ', NCS ',CN',NCO'.
- flag is chosen from halides, in particular from chloride and/or fluoride. Still preferably, flag is chloride flag.
- flag is flag present in the salt of the reactive agent and/or in the active cathode material.
- said mixture of components comprises a binder, preferably chosen from polymers.
- the binder is preferably a material which holds together and agglomerates said active material, said reactive agent, said conductive material if the latter is separately added, and said ionic additive if it is present.
- the binder preferably facilitates the assembly of the battery in a roll-to-roll process and which allows for better adhesion between the anode and cathode when creating the SEI.
- the binder may be a biodegradable or synthetic polymer.
- the binder can also be a natural polymer.
- the binder may comprise, for example, one or more of: cellulose, alkylated, acetylated, carboxylated and/or carboxyalkylated cellulose, for example a carboxyalkylcellulose, for example carboxymethylcellulose, cellulose acetate, polyvinylidene fluoride, polytetrafluoroethylene, polyethylene oxide, polypropylene oxide, polyphenylene sulfide, polyphenylene oxide, polyethylene, polyether ether ketone, polyphthalamide, polypyrrole, polyaniline, polysulfone, xydar, polyacrylonitrile, dextrin.
- cellulose alkylated, acetylated, carboxylated and/or carboxyalkylated cellulose
- a carboxyalkylcellulose for example carboxymethylcellulose, cellulose acetate
- polyvinylidene fluoride polytetrafluoroethylene
- polyethylene oxide polypropylene oxide
- polyphenylene sulfide poly
- the binder is capable of promoting ionic conduction whether it is anionic or cationic, preferably anionic, such as glycol ethers.
- said mixture of components further comprises an ionic additive.
- the ionic additive is preferably added to the cathode mixture of components preferably in the form of a salt.
- Said ionic additive preferably comprises an anion and/or a cation contributing to the mobility of the ions, for example within the cathode and/or the entire anode.
- the ionic additive increases the energy density as well as the power of the battery.
- the ionic additive and the reactive agent are preferably added in the form of a salt.
- the reactive agent is a mandatory constituent of the cathode mixture of components and the ionic additive is optional. If the ionic additive is present, it is a different material or additive than the reactive agent. Then, the reactive agent and, if present, the ionic additive, are preferably materials different from the active cathode material and the conductive material.
- the conductive material described above which can consist of the active cathode material, if the latter material is conductive, or even by the binder, if the binder is conductive.
- the conductive material and the cathode active material may be the same material alone.
- the binder and/or the conductive material could be the same material.
- the active material, the conductive material and the binder it would be possible for the active material, the conductive material and the binder to be present in the form of a single material.
- the ionic additive makes it possible to obtain better diffusion of ions (anions and/or cations) within the cathode and/or the anode.
- the ionic additive may be a monovalent, divalent or trivalent solid ionic conductor which may be polymer-based, sulphide-based, oxide-based, ceramic-based, halide-based, for example: mixture of polyethylene oxide (PEO) and LiTFSI salt, lithium indium chloride (Li3InC16), lithium thiophosphate (Li2S-P2S), LilOGeP2S12 (LGPS), and Li 7 La 3 Zr20i2 (LLZO) .
- PEO polyethylene oxide
- LiTFSI salt lithium indium chloride
- Li2S-P2S lithium thiophosphate
- LGPS LilOGeP2S12
- LZO Li 7 La 3 Zr20i2
- the ionic additive can be a solid ionic conductor conducting the anions which can be based on a polymer as mentioned above, or on a metal hydroxide such as the compounds known as LDH for "layered double hydroxide".
- the ionic additive when present, comprises at least one anion from the halogen family.
- the ionic additive when present, comprises at least one metal cation, preferably of the same metal capable of being released from the cathodic mixture of components, preferably the same cation present in the reactive agent.
- the anode comprises said cation in its elementary form.
- providing a mixture of components includes the addition of a solvent.
- the purpose of the solvent is to facilitate mixing and/or generate a paste that assists in shaping the cathode.
- the dry components and the solvent are mixed until a homogeneous paste is obtained.
- the components of the mixture of cathode components can be transformed into a paste, which can be directly applied to the anode, or which can be deposited in the form of a film, or in an empty form, in order to obtain the cathode following evaporation of the solvent.
- the cathode can be cut, for example by cutting the deposited film or the shape following drying.
- the solvent is preferably chosen from water and volatile organic solvents.
- the solvent may be polar or apolar and may be protic or aprotic.
- a polar solvent is used.
- the solvent is chosen from water, ethanol, acetone and acetonitrile.
- the cathode can also be formed without the use of a solvent.
- the mixture of cathode components can be compressed to form a desired shape, for example a pellet, which is then used directly as the cathode.
- the mixture of cathode components can be directly compressed with the anode in a final assembly mode.
- the present inventor of this invention believes that the operational chemistry of the battery is innovative.
- the present invention discloses a new battery chemistry relating to a cathode loaded with salts in dissolved and/or amorphous and/or micronized form in a solid which, associated in particular with a metal, create the battery according to the invention. It constitutes an extremely easy embodiment to industrialize.
- the preparation of the mixture of components of the cathode generally involves the addition of a salt, for example in the form of the reactive agent or, where appropriate, of the ionic additive.
- a salt for example in the form of the reactive agent or, where appropriate, of the ionic additive.
- the battery will contain charged redox species, anions and/or cations, likely to crystallize, particularly in the absence of a liquid solvent and/or an electrolyte.
- one or more chosen from the active material, the conductive material, the ionic additive and/or the binder are chosen so as to prevent crystallization of the added salt(s), particularly when the solvent is evaporated.
- These components are preferably chosen so as to allow and/or facilitate the dissolution of the salts in a dry medium devoid of solvent, for example of the reactive agent, and/or to promote the amorphous, complexed and/or dissolved form of the salt in dry medium devoid of solvent.
- a liquid electrolyte is preferably absent, because the components of the anode allow the ions to migrate into the matrix formed by the cathode.
- ions in the cathode mixture of components is thanks to the choice of components, for example the active material, the reactive agent, the conductive agent and/or the binder.
- components for example the active material, the reactive agent, the conductive agent and/or the binder.
- One, more or preferably all of these components are chosen to favor the ionic or amorphous, non-crystalline form of the salts, even if a solvent is not used or when the solvent is evaporated.
- the reactive agent is dispersed in the active material or the binder or the conductive material or the combination of two or three of the aforementioned components so as not to have to use a solvent.
- said active cathode material, said conductive material and, where appropriate, said binder are chosen so as to allow the presence in amorphous form, in complexed form and/or in dispersed form of the salts added in the mixture of components, in particular of the reactive agent.
- one or more chosen from the active material, the conductive material and/or the binder are porous and/or the cathode obtained with one or more of these components is porous and makes it possible to absorb and/or complex the atoms or molecules in their anionic, cationic and/or micronized form.
- the method involves preparing the cathode.
- the cathode is prepared from the cathode mixture of components.
- these components comprise an active material and a reactive agent.
- a binder is also added to form the mixture. If neither active material nor the binder are non-conductive, a material with electrical conduction properties is added separately. Some active materials have conductive properties. In this case, a separate conductor is not necessary.
- these components of the cathode mixture of components are added in the form of powders.
- the active material, the conductive material and/or the binder are capable of adsorbing and/or complexing salts, molecules, etc., in ionic or micronized form.
- the reactive agent which is preferably added in the form of a salt, preferably a metal halide.
- the cathode is preferably prepared by the addition of a solvent to mix and, if necessary, contribute to the dissolution of the components, in order to form a homogeneous paste.
- the homogeneous paste can then be deposited and dried. Due to the above, the presence of the solvent in the cathode mixture of the components is in principle optional.
- the method involves forming a cathode by compressing said mixture of components, preferably using a sufficiently high pressure and temperature and/or a temperature chosen to assume a defined, condensed and/or solid, preferably during final assembly of the battery i.e. compressed directly with the anode.
- said active cathode material and said reactive agent are different materials which are preferably mixed and/or ground before being added and/or mixed with said conductive material and/or the binder.
- the invention contemplates heating the reactive agent and the active cathode material, for example to 100°C or more. Before contacting for the formation of the SEI according to the method of the invention the cathode mixture of components and preferably cooled in order to correspond to the temperatures mentioned below.
- the mixing/grinding of the cathode active material and the reactive agent corresponds to a premix and is preferably applied when said cathode active material is or comprises an oxide and/or a metal oxohalide.
- the premix prepared separately is then mixed with said conductive material and/or the binder, it being understood that said conductive material may also comprise (another) active material, such as active materials based on conductive carbon, for example.
- the method involves inducing the in situ formation of a passivation layer.
- this step involves bringing the mixture of components into contact with the anode.
- the invention preferably does not include and/or or preferably excludes the heating and/or melting of polymers, in particular organic polymers, for example conductive polymers.
- the components of the cathode mixture, the mixture and/or the anode preferably have a temperature lower than 200°C, preferably lower than 150°C, preferably lower than 100°C, even more preferably less than 80°C, 70°C, 60°C, 50°C, and 40°C, when the cathode mixture and the anode are brought into contact.
- the temperature is preferably chosen so that the solvent, if present, is present in a liquid form.
- the invention does not exclude that even lower temperatures are chosen.
- contacting can be carried out from a temperature of -10°C, from -5°C, from 0°C, from 5°C, and from preferably from °10C.
- a cathode is formed from the mixture of components, and the formed cathode is then brought into contact with the anode.
- a paste has been formed by adding a solvent to the dry components of the cathode mixture of components, it is possible to dry the mixture in order to obtain the final cathode. The latter is brought into contact with the anode
- the mixture of components comprising the solvent for example the paste mentioned above, is directly brought into contact with the anode.
- the solvent is preferably evaporated and/or dried after the assembly of the anode and the cathode, which is also covered by the present invention.
- said mixture of components is a paste comprising a solvent, said paste being brought into contact with said anode, or said paste being dried before bringing the dried component mixture into contact with said anode.
- the invention does not prevent the separate preparation of a film having a composition similar to the passivation layer and assembly of the battery by placing the film between the anode and cathode. In this case, a functional battery can be obtained as well. It would also be possible to use a separator having a composition other than that of the passivation layer formed spontaneously.
- the separate creation of the separator and the assembly using the separate separator constitutes an additional step and is not considered advantageous according to the invention, because this step is not obligatory. From another perspective, this separate step could be considered advantageous, even if it is one or more additional steps, when they make it possible to better define the constitution and/or dimension of the separator or even when they make it possible to avoid the occurrence of a chemical reaction which cannot be controlled.
- the battery of the invention may be manufactured without a current collector and/or may be devoid of a current collector. In one embodiment, the battery does not have an anode current collector. In one embodiment, the battery does not have a cathode current collector. In one embodiment, the battery does not have the two current collectors. The anode and/or cathode can directly function as a current collector in these cases.
- Figure IA shows an anode 11 and a cathode 12 before contacting.
- Figure IB shows a battery 1 without a current collector.
- the battery 1 comprises an anode 11, a cathode 12, and the separator 13.
- Figure IC shows a battery 2 comprising an anode current collector 21 in addition to the aforementioned constituents.
- Figure 1D shows a battery 3 comprising an anode current collector and a cathode current collector 22.
- the anode can be made in the form of a metal, for example a wire or a metal plate, which is why a separate current collector is not necessary in all cases.
- the cathode side it necessarily contains a conductive material, which is why a cathode current collector may be absent.
- the battery is preferably in the solid state and therefore without electrolyte, which allows the battery to be manufactured without packaging and without an additional current collector, in addition the Current collectors can be provided by the manufacturer of devices capable of accommodating a battery among the present invention.
- Figure 2 shows a battery 4 comprising a metal wire functioning as anode 31 and the cathode 32 being deposited on part of the anode.
- the separator 33 formed in situ is indicated in Figure 2, although it would not be visible from the outside, because it is covered by the cathode and present between the anode and the cathode in order to prevent a short circuit .
- FIG 3 shows a battery 5 in the form of a button cell, comprising an anode 51, a cathode 52, anode and cathode current collectors 61 and 62, respectively, a sealing ring 230, a spring 55 and a case or protection positive 65.
- the separator 13 formed in situ is also present.
- the anode current collector also functions as a negative box or protection (on the anode side).
- a current collector When a current collector is present (or both), it can be chosen from metals, conductive (organic) polymers, carbon fibers and polymers charged with conductive carbon.
- the conductor can be chosen from aluminum, copper, stainless steel, zinc, iron, stainless steel, graphite, graphene, polyvinylpyrrolidone, and polyaniline.
- the current collector generally does not participate in redox reactions, if there is redox activity in the current collectors during charging or discharging.
- the possibility of dispensing with the current collector also implies great freedom in terms of form and dimension of the battery according to the invention. Due to the absence of a casing, covering or/or protection, the battery can be created with any shape and the shape can thus be adapted to a particular need and/or situation, or even to any situation.
- a surprising and advantageous aspect of the present invention is the provision of a generalized approach and/or a framework making it possible to prepare primary and/or secondary batteries preferably without liquid electrolyte from a large number of components and following a generalized manufacturing method.
- the invention implements a very simple and generalized method for manufacturing a battery whose characteristics and/or battery type can be chosen according to the need, for example according to the desired electrical potential.
- the concept of the invention allows adaptation to secondary batteries.
- the invention relates to a battery obtained according to the manufacturing method disclosed in this description.
- the battery comprises a separator and/or solid electrolyte formed in situ, following the assembly of the initial constituents of the battery, preferably between the anode and the cathode.
- the invention relates to a battery in which the cathode comprises conductive carbon.
- the component mixture is free of conductive carbon and includes a cathode active material other than conductive carbon.
- the battery of the invention is devoid of an electrolyte, preferably a liquid electrolyte and/or an added solid electrolyte.
- the separator is preferably formed in situ and can also be considered as a solid electrolyte. It can be considered that the material formed in situ constitutes said separator and/or a solid electrolyte.
- An added solid electrolyte, in addition to the separator and/or the mentioned material formed in situ, is preferably absent.
- a solid and/or liquid electrolyte added separately and/or added as a constituent element of the battery is absent.
- a separator added separately and/or added as a constituent element of the battery is preferably also absent.
- the battery of the invention comprises a separator (or solid electrolyte) formed in situ, following the assembly of the initial constituents of the battery, preferably between the anode and the cathode.
- said separator comprises one or more chosen from a metal oxide, a metal hydroxide and a metal salt, preferably chosen from an oxide, oxohalide, hydroxide and/or salt of the redox species and/or of an oxide, oxohalide, hydroxide and/or salt of the anode metal.
- the cathode of the battery of the invention comprises an element chosen from magnesium, iron, lithium, sodium, potassium, calcium, manganese, zinc, aluminum, lead, titanium, zirconium, lanthanum, cobalt, nickel , molybdenum, copper, chromium, oxygen, sulfur and a combination comprising two or more of the aforementioned metals, preferably in ionic form, such as cationic and anionic where appropriate.
- the anode of the battery of the invention comprises an element chosen from magnesium, iron, lithium, sodium, potassium, calcium, manganese, zinc, aluminum, lead, titanium, zirconium, lanthanum, cobalt, nickel, molybdenum, copper, chromium, and a combination of two or more of the aforementioned metals.
- the element is preferably present in its metallic form, and/or said element is the same element (e.g. a metal) of the cation present in the cathode.
- the battery of the invention is rechargeable and/or intended for single use and/or discharge.
- the battery of the invention is biodegradable.
- flag in particular an anion chosen from halides
- flag is the redox species which migrates in the form of an ion between the anode and the cathode.
- the battery is of the halide ion type ("chloride-, fluoride-, iodide-, or bromide-ion").
- Example 1 Magnesium primary battery without fully biodegradable electrolyte and without current collector
- This example concerns the manufacture of an all-solid, fully biodegradable battery to power, preferably, a device that consumes microwatts of power.
- This primary battery is composed only of biodegradable materials such as magnesium metal which is biocompatible and biodegradable, and which slowly dissolves into magnesium hydroxide and then into Mg 2+ and H2O due to the pH of the soil.
- biodegradable materials such as magnesium metal which is biocompatible and biodegradable, and which slowly dissolves into magnesium hydroxide and then into Mg 2+ and H2O due to the pH of the soil.
- Porous charcoal is a non-toxic, edible material used in medicines.
- cellulose which is indeed biodegradable and magnesium chloride, which is also edible and used in foods.
- composition of the anode is Composition of the anode:
- the anode is made of magnesium metal, here we use magnesium wire.
- composition of the cathode is Composition of the cathode:
- the cathode is formed of an active material, a reactive agent and a binder as follows:
- Porous conductive vegetable charcoal, magnesium chloride and cellulose powder are mixed with a small amount of water as a solvent in a cup until a homogeneous black paste is obtained.
- the homogeneous black paste obtained is applied around the magnesium wire so that part of the magnesium wire remains free to obtain electrical contact with the anode.
- This assembly is left to dry in the ambient presence and at room temperature (in the presence of oxygen in the air) so that the water evaporates and the paste becomes solid.
- this battery is functional without a current collector having been added on either side of the cathode or the anode, the two electrodes being able to be directly used as current collectors.
- the battery is biodegradable, as mentioned above.
- the battery has a wire format, but it can be produced in any desired shape.
- this battery can be used to power small electronic devices and/or low-power devices such as watches, thermometers, pregnancy tests, toys, and/or sensors.
- the battery is shown in Figure 2.
- Example 2 primary battery without fully biodegradable magnesium electrolyte and without current collector using PVP as polymer
- This example concerns the manufacture of an all-solid, fully biodegradable battery to power a low-power device.
- This primary battery is made only of biodegradable materials such as magnesium metal which is biocompatible and biodegradable.
- Graphite which is a non-toxic material used, polyvinylpyrrolidone (PVP) is a biodegradable and biocompatible polymer and sodium chloride is also edible and used in food.
- PVP polyvinylpyrrolidone
- composition of the anode For the anode magnesium wire is used as in example 1.
- composition of the cathode is Composition of the cathode:
- the cathode is formed of an active material, a reactive agent and a binder as follows:
- PVP polyvinylpyrrolidone
- Graphite, sodium chloride, polyvinylpyrrolidone powder and a small amount of water as solvent are mixed in a beaker until a homogeneous viscous liquid is obtained.
- the battery is assembled as described for the previous examples, by applying the homogeneous viscous liquid around the magnesium wire.
- Figure 2 shows the battery schematically.
- Example 3 primary battery without fully biodegradable magnesium electrolyte and without current collector using carboxymethyl cellulose as polymer
- This example concerns the manufacture of an all-solid, fully biodegradable battery to power a low-power device.
- This primary battery is made only of biodegradable materials such as magnesium metal which is biocompatible and biodegradable.
- Graphite which is a non-toxic material used, polyvinylpyrrolidone (PVP) is a biodegradable and biocompatible polymer and sodium chloride is also edible and used in food.
- PVP polyvinylpyrrolidone
- composition of the anode is Composition of the anode:
- anode magnesium wire is used as in example 1.
- composition of the cathode is Composition of the cathode:
- the cathode is formed of an active material, a reactive agent and a binder as follows:
- Carbon black, sodium chloride, carboxymethyl cellulose powder and a small amount of water as solvent are mixed in a beaker until a homogeneous viscous liquid is obtained.
- the battery is assembled as described for the previous examples, by applying the homogeneous viscous liquid around the magnesium wire.
- Figure 2 shows the battery schematically.
- Example 4 Primary magnesium powder battery without fully biodegradable electrolyte and without current collector
- This example concerns the manufacture of an all-solid, fully biodegradable battery to power, preferably, a device that consumes microwatts of power.
- composition of the anode is Composition of the anode:
- the anode is made of magnesium metal, here we use magnesium metal powder in a cellulose acetate polymer prepared in a solvent like acetone.
- Cellulose acetate is dissolved in acetone and then magnesium powder is added. Once the solvent has evaporated, there remains a polymer film loaded with metallic magnesium particles which constitutes the anode.
- composition of the cathode is Composition of the cathode:
- the cathode is formed of an active material, a reactive agent and a binder as follows:
- Cellulose powder 10% (commercially available under the name papier mache) as a binder.
- the homogeneous black paste obtained is applied around the magnesium wire so that part of the magnesium wire remains free to obtain electrical contact with the anode.
- This assembly is left to dry in the ambient presence and at room temperature (in the presence of oxygen in the air) so that the water evaporates and the paste becomes solid.
- this battery is functional without a current collector having been added on either side of the cathode or the anode, the two electrodes being able to be directly used as current collectors.
- the battery is biodegradable, as mentioned above.
- the battery has a wire format, but it can be produced in any desired shape.
- this battery can be used to power small electronic devices and/or low-power devices such as watches, thermometers, pregnancy tests, toys, and/or sensors.
- the battery is shown in Figure 2.
- Example 5 Primary battery without high voltage magnesium electrolyte and without current collector
- This example concerns the manufacture of a solid-state, high-voltage battery to power, preferably, a device that consumes microwatts of power.
- composition of the anode is Composition of the anode:
- the anode is made of magnesium metal, here we use magnesium strip
- composition of the cathode is Composition of the cathode:
- the cathode is formed of an active material, a reactive agent and a binder as follows: 1. 20% porous conductive vegetable carbon used both as cathode active material and as conductive material,
- Porous conductive vegetable charcoal, iron chloride and manganese dioxide are premixed in mortar and then added to cellulose powder dissolved in a small amount of water as a solvent in a cup until a homogeneous black paste is obtained.
- the homogeneous black paste is applied all around the wire so that part of the wire remains free to obtain electrical contact with the anode.
- This assembly is left to dry in the ambient presence and at room temperature (in the presence of oxygen in the air) so that the water evaporates and the paste becomes solid.
- the resulting battery corresponds to the diagram shown in Figure 2. It can be used in the same devices as those mentioned in Example 1.
- Example 6 Primary battery without iron electrolyte and without current collector
- This example concerns the manufacture of a fully biodegradable all-solid-state battery to power, preferably, a device that consumes microwatts of power.
- composition of the anode is Composition of the anode:
- the anode is made of iron metal, here we use pure iron wire.
- composition of the cathode is Composition of the cathode:
- the cathode is formed of an active material, a reactive agent and a binder as follows:
- Porous conductive vegetable charcoal, iron chloride and cellulose powder are mixed with a small amount of water as a solvent in a cup until a homogeneous black paste is obtained.
- the homogeneous black paste is applied all around the wire so that part of the wire remains free to obtain electrical contact with the anode.
- This assembly is left to dry in the ambient presence and at room temperature (in the presence of oxygen in the air) so that the water evaporates and the paste becomes solid.
- the resulting battery corresponds to the diagram shown in Figure 2. It can be used in the same devices as those mentioned in Example 1.
- Example 7 primary battery without lithium electrolyte
- This example concerns a lithium-ion battery without to power a device that uses a lithium-ion battery today.
- composition of the anode is Composition of the anode:
- the anode is made of lithium metal.
- composition of the cathode is Composition of the cathode:
- the cathode comprises an active material, reactive agent and a binder as follows:
- PVDF Polyvinylidene fluoride
- the battery In the absence of oxygen and humidity, the battery is assembled into a button cell with dimensions defined by the international standard.
- the empty battery has a negative part and a positive part between which the battery components will be assembled.
- a lithium metal disk (anode) is added inside the negative part, then the cathode disk is placed directly in contact with the anode. Then the current collector disk and a spring are placed on the cathode and the assembly is sealed using the positive part of the standard button cell. Finally, the button battery is crimped using a crimper which will permanently seal the battery and make it airtight and watertight.
- FIG. 3 shows this lithium battery schematically.
- This battery can power low power and high power devices like watches, thermometers, pregnancy tests, toys, sensors, LEDs, controllers, smartphone, electric vehicle and by extension all devices that use at least one 3 V primary or rechargeable battery.
- Example 8 primary battery without sodium electrolyte
- This example concerns the manufacture of a sodium-ion battery without electrolyte to power a device which today uses a lithium-iom battery
- composition of the anode is Composition of the anode:
- the anode is made of sodium metal.
- composition of the cathode is Composition of the cathode:
- the cathode is composed of an active material, a reactive agent and a binder which are:
- PVDF Polyvinylidene fluoride
- Example 9 primary battery without calcium electrolyte
- This example concerns the manufacture of a calcium-ion battery without electrolyte to power a device which today uses a lithium-ion battery.
- composition of the anode is Composition of the anode:
- the anode is made of calcium metal.
- composition of the cathode is Composition of the cathode:
- the cathode is composed of an active material, a reactive agent and a binder which are:
- PVDF Polyvinylidene fluoride
- Example 10 secondary battery without lithium electrolyte
- This example concerns a lithium-ion battery without electrolyte to power a device that uses a lithium-ion battery today.
- the battery can be rechargeable.
- composition of the anode is Composition of the anode:
- the anode is made of lithium metal.
- composition of the cathode is Composition of the cathode:
- the cathode is composed of an active material, a reactive agent and a binder which are:
- lithium chloride (LiCl) 10% as reactive agent LiCl
- PVDF polyvinylidene fluoride
- Example 11 secondary battery without lithium electrolyte
- This example concerns a lithium-ion battery without electrolyte to power a device that uses a lithium-ion battery today.
- the battery can be rechargeable.
- the anode is made of lithium metal.
- composition of the cathode is Composition of the cathode:
- the cathode is composed of an active material, a reactive agent and a binder which are: 1. Manganese dioxide (MnCL) 80% as active material,
- PVDF polyvinylidene fluoride
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Abstract
Description
Claims
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| FR2209559A FR3139950A1 (fr) | 2022-09-21 | 2022-09-21 | Une batterie à l'état solide et une méthode de fabrication de la batterie |
| PCT/EP2023/076103 WO2024062050A1 (fr) | 2022-09-21 | 2023-09-21 | Une batterie a l'etat solide et une methode de fabrication de la batterie |
Publications (1)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| EP4591368A1 true EP4591368A1 (fr) | 2025-07-30 |
Family
ID=85222521
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| EP23773308.4A Withdrawn EP4591368A1 (fr) | 2022-09-21 | 2023-09-21 | Une batterie a l'etat solide et une methode de fabrication de la batterie |
Country Status (3)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| EP (1) | EP4591368A1 (fr) |
| FR (1) | FR3139950A1 (fr) |
| WO (1) | WO2024062050A1 (fr) |
Family Cites Families (3)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US3937635A (en) | 1975-01-09 | 1976-02-10 | Wilson Greatbatch | Lithium-iodine battery |
| US12002921B2 (en) | 2015-08-03 | 2024-06-04 | The Research Foundation For The State University Of New York | Solid-state silver-lithium / iodine dual-function battery formed via self-assembly |
| US12199245B2 (en) * | 2017-06-09 | 2025-01-14 | The Regents Of The University Of California | Self-forming solid state batteries and self-healing solid electrolytes |
-
2022
- 2022-09-21 FR FR2209559A patent/FR3139950A1/fr active Pending
-
2023
- 2023-09-21 EP EP23773308.4A patent/EP4591368A1/fr not_active Withdrawn
- 2023-09-21 WO PCT/EP2023/076103 patent/WO2024062050A1/fr not_active Ceased
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| FR3139950A1 (fr) | 2024-03-22 |
| WO2024062050A1 (fr) | 2024-03-28 |
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