EP4587308A1 - Verfahren zum bestimmen eines verschleisses von bremsbelägen einer elektromagnetisch betätigbaren bremse und elektromotor mit elektromagnetisch betätigbarer bremse und signalelektronik zur durchführung eines solchen verfahrens - Google Patents
Verfahren zum bestimmen eines verschleisses von bremsbelägen einer elektromagnetisch betätigbaren bremse und elektromotor mit elektromagnetisch betätigbarer bremse und signalelektronik zur durchführung eines solchen verfahrensInfo
- Publication number
- EP4587308A1 EP4587308A1 EP23749098.2A EP23749098A EP4587308A1 EP 4587308 A1 EP4587308 A1 EP 4587308A1 EP 23749098 A EP23749098 A EP 23749098A EP 4587308 A1 EP4587308 A1 EP 4587308A1
- Authority
- EP
- European Patent Office
- Prior art keywords
- time
- brake
- coil
- ventilation
- value
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Pending
Links
Classifications
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
- B60T—VEHICLE BRAKE CONTROL SYSTEMS OR PARTS THEREOF; BRAKE CONTROL SYSTEMS OR PARTS THEREOF, IN GENERAL; ARRANGEMENT OF BRAKING ELEMENTS ON VEHICLES IN GENERAL; PORTABLE DEVICES FOR PREVENTING UNWANTED MOVEMENT OF VEHICLES; VEHICLE MODIFICATIONS TO FACILITATE COOLING OF BRAKES
- B60T17/00—Component parts, details, or accessories of power brake systems not covered by groups B60T8/00, B60T13/00 or B60T15/00, or presenting other characteristic features
- B60T17/18—Safety devices; Monitoring
- B60T17/22—Devices for monitoring or checking brake systems; Signal devices
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
- B60T—VEHICLE BRAKE CONTROL SYSTEMS OR PARTS THEREOF; BRAKE CONTROL SYSTEMS OR PARTS THEREOF, IN GENERAL; ARRANGEMENT OF BRAKING ELEMENTS ON VEHICLES IN GENERAL; PORTABLE DEVICES FOR PREVENTING UNWANTED MOVEMENT OF VEHICLES; VEHICLE MODIFICATIONS TO FACILITATE COOLING OF BRAKES
- B60T13/00—Transmitting braking action from initiating means to ultimate brake actuator with power assistance or drive; Brake systems incorporating such transmitting means, e.g. air-pressure brake systems
- B60T13/74—Transmitting braking action from initiating means to ultimate brake actuator with power assistance or drive; Brake systems incorporating such transmitting means, e.g. air-pressure brake systems with electrical assistance or drive
- B60T13/748—Transmitting braking action from initiating means to ultimate brake actuator with power assistance or drive; Brake systems incorporating such transmitting means, e.g. air-pressure brake systems with electrical assistance or drive acting on electro-magnetic brakes
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
- B60T—VEHICLE BRAKE CONTROL SYSTEMS OR PARTS THEREOF; BRAKE CONTROL SYSTEMS OR PARTS THEREOF, IN GENERAL; ARRANGEMENT OF BRAKING ELEMENTS ON VEHICLES IN GENERAL; PORTABLE DEVICES FOR PREVENTING UNWANTED MOVEMENT OF VEHICLES; VEHICLE MODIFICATIONS TO FACILITATE COOLING OF BRAKES
- B60T17/00—Component parts, details, or accessories of power brake systems not covered by groups B60T8/00, B60T13/00 or B60T15/00, or presenting other characteristic features
- B60T17/18—Safety devices; Monitoring
- B60T17/22—Devices for monitoring or checking brake systems; Signal devices
- B60T17/221—Procedure or apparatus for checking or keeping in a correct functioning condition of brake systems
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F16—ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
- F16D—COUPLINGS FOR TRANSMITTING ROTATION; CLUTCHES; BRAKES
- F16D66/00—Arrangements for monitoring working conditions, e.g. wear, temperature
- F16D66/02—Apparatus for indicating wear
- F16D66/021—Apparatus for indicating wear using electrical detection or indication means
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01L—MEASURING FORCE, STRESS, TORQUE, WORK, MECHANICAL POWER, MECHANICAL EFFICIENCY, OR FLUID PRESSURE
- G01L5/00—Apparatus for, or methods of, measuring force, work, mechanical power, or torque, specially adapted for specific purposes
- G01L5/28—Apparatus for, or methods of, measuring force, work, mechanical power, or torque, specially adapted for specific purposes for testing brakes
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01M—TESTING STATIC OR DYNAMIC BALANCE OF MACHINES OR STRUCTURES; TESTING OF STRUCTURES OR APPARATUS, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- G01M13/00—Testing of machine parts
Definitions
- the invention relates to a method for determining wear of brake pads of an electromagnetically actuated brake and an electric motor with electromagnetically actuated brake and signal electronics to carry out such a procedure. From DE 10147817 A1 a method for determining wear in an electromagnetically actuated brake is known. However, the determination of the time derivative of the time-dependent current curve of the brake coil increases a noise component in the measurement signal, so that a drop in the coil current caused when the brake is released cannot be precisely determined.
- the brake has a coil that can be energized, whereby after applying a voltage to the coil, in particular for releasing the brake, the time-dependent course of the electrical current flowing through the coil is detected, the values of parameters of a time-dependent function I(t) parameterized with the parameters being changed starting from respective initial values of the parameters until the deviation between the detected current curve and the function I(t) becomes as small as possible, in particular So an optimum of the parameters has been found, ISI ⁇ EIDOPAT August 2nd, 2023 wherein the deviation is determined as a functional of the difference function between the detected current curve and the function I(t) or between a current curve extrapolated from the detected current curve and the function I(t), in particular where the value of the difference function at the respective time t as the difference between the function value I(t) assigned at the respective time t and the detected current value or a value extrapolated from the detected current values is formed, a time being formed from the
- the advantage here is that an idealized function I(t) is specified, which specifies a current profile from a theoretical point of view, and that the recorded current profile, which is therefore subject to noise, can then be fitted or adapted to this idealized current profile.
- the time of ventilation can be clearly determined using the idealized function. Deviations caused by disturbance variables can therefore be filtered out as best as possible. In this way, a measure of the wear of the brake pads can be found, since the release path of the armature disk of the brake depends on the wear of the brake pads, in particular on their remaining wall thickness.
- the time of ventilation can be determined by the change in inductance, which is caused during ventilation, i.e.
- the point in time is a measure of the time required to build up a magnetic field, which then accelerates the armature disk and allows the air travel to be covered.
- the maximum achievable current i max is not determined as a parameter through optimization, but rather through a previously carried out measurement.
- the stationary value of the current after ventilation is determined, which is only determined by the voltage applied to the coil, in particular DC voltage U, and the ohmic resistance R of the coil is determined, in particular as a quotient U / R.
- the idealized function therefore has as few parameters as possible, which are varied during optimization, so that only a small computing capacity is necessary.
- the time constant before and after ventilation and the current drop present directly during the ventilation process i.e. the difference between the current immediately before the armature disk is lifted off the brake pad and the current present immediately after the armature disk hits the magnetic body the coil.
- Another advantage of the invention is that the wear of the brake can be monitored by detecting electrical variables. A large number of current measurements, i.e. a current curve as a whole, are used to find the extent of wear. Compared to determining local minima or maxima of the current curve, the invention is much more robust.
- the electrical voltage applied to the coil is detected.
- the advantage here is that the time zero point is clearly defined. Each time the procedure is repeated, the new time zero point is clearly known.
- the measure of wear is currently determined and an evaluation of the series of measures of wear determined in the previous repetitions can also be carried out in order to compensate for statistical fluctuations.
- the functional is - the sum of the amounts of the difference assigned to a series of times or - the sum of the squares of the difference assigned to a series of times.
- the deviation is formed from or by means of the sum of amounts of differences between the function value I(t) assigned at the respective time t and the recorded current value or a value extrapolated from the recorded current values or - the deviation is formed from the or formed by means of the sum of squares of differences between the function value I(t) assigned at the respective time t and the recorded current value or a value extrapolated from the recorded current values.
- the function I(t) is defined in sections, with a second section following a first section, the difference between a constant, in particular i ⁇ , and the function I(t) falling exponentially in the first section , where a first time constant ⁇ ⁇ is effective, where in the second section the difference between the constant, in particular ⁇ ⁇ ⁇ ⁇ ⁇ , where the current value ⁇ ⁇ is the current value recorded immediately on or after the time of ventilation, and the Function I(t) decays exponentially, with a second time constant ⁇ ⁇ being effective, where the first time constant is greater than the second time constant.
- the function I(t) is defined in sections, namely by: ⁇ where ⁇ ⁇ is the time of ventilation, ⁇ ⁇ the time constant before the time of ventilation, ⁇ ⁇ the time constant after the time of ventilation, ⁇ ⁇ the current value immediately on or after the time of ventilation and i ⁇ the stationary achievable Current value, in particular and i ⁇ is the last current value reached before the time of ventilation.
- ⁇ ⁇ is the time of ventilation
- ⁇ ⁇ the time constant before the time of ventilation
- ⁇ ⁇ the time constant after the time of ventilation
- ⁇ ⁇ the current value immediately on or after the time of ventilation
- i ⁇ the stationary achievable Current value
- i ⁇ is the last current value reached before the time of ventilation.
- the idealized function is fitted or adapted to the recorded current curve as well as possible, i.e. with the smallest possible deviation. Since a lot of measuring points can be used, a very good adjustment can be carried out and thus the timing can be precisely determined.
- the parameter that functions as a stationary current value i ⁇ is specified as a fixed value, i.e. not changed. The advantage here is that as few parameters as possible have to be changed in order to find the optimum. This means that less computational effort is required to find the optimum parameter values.
- a ferromagnetic armature disk when the brake is released, a ferromagnetic armature disk is moved towards the coil, the armature disk being pressed against a brake pad before releasing, in particular by a spring element supported on a magnetic body, the magnetic body receiving the coil or being connected to the coil, in particular, the armature disk rests on the magnet body after ventilation.
- the advantage here is that the armature disk is moved towards the magnet body when it is ventilated and thus also towards the coil accommodated in the magnet body.
- the brake in the event of a power failure, the brake is activated automatically and therefore safety is increased.
- the change in the parameters to find the optimum is carried out using a simplex method.
- the advantage is that the optimum can be found easily and with as little computing effort as possible.
- the brake is released after applying a voltage, in particular direct voltage, to the coil.
- the advantage here is that the application of the voltage, i.e. the voltage jump from zero volts to a DC voltage value, defines the zero time and the time span from the zero time to the time of ventilation can be precisely determined.
- the parameters are - the time of ventilation, - the time constant ⁇ ⁇ before the time of ventilation, - the time constant ⁇ ⁇ after the time of ventilation, - the last reached current value i ⁇ before the time of ventilation, - the current value ⁇ ⁇ immediately on or after the time of ventilation and / or - the stationary current value i ⁇ is used.
- the advantage here is that the time constants depend on the current inductance and the current values depend on the wear of the brake pad, since the distance between the armature disk and the magnet body varies depending on the wear.
- the stationary achievable current value i ⁇ is determined by determining the stationary current value i ⁇ after a, in particular first, ventilation, in particular within the scope of the measurement accuracy, in particular and then the parameters the stationary achievable current value i ⁇ ⁇ does not include in particular the ohmic resistance of the coil is determined from the stationary current value i ⁇ determined in this way, in particular taking into account the direct voltage applied to the coil, in particular and from this the temperature of the coil, and depending on this Initial values of the parameters, in particular the time constants ( ⁇ ⁇ , ⁇ ⁇ ), are determined.
- the advantage here is that a determination can be carried out easily at the very beginning of the process.
- the ohmic resistance and to a certain extent also the inductance of the coil depend on the temperature, which can be determined easily and precisely by determining the steady-state current value because the applied direct voltage is always the same.
- Important features of the electric motor with an electromagnetically actuated brake and signal electronics for carrying out the aforementioned method are that a sensor for detecting the current flowing through the coil is arranged in the electric motor.
- the advantage here is that the wear of the brake can be monitored by recording electrical variables. A large number of current measurements, i.e. a current curve as a whole, are used to find the extent of wear. Compared to determining local minima or maxima of the current curve, the invention is much more robust.
- a sensor for detecting the voltage applied to the coil is arranged in the electric motor, wherein the sensor or sensors are connected to signal electronics which controls and/or adjusts the voltage applied to the coil of the brake, in particular wherein the signal electronics has a memory for storing the time-dependent course of the detected current and/or an evaluation unit.
- the brake has a shaft that can be braked by the shaft and is rotatably mounted to a magnetic body of the brake, the coil being accommodated in a recess or recess of the magnetic body, a ferromagnetic armature disk being connected to the magnetic body in a rotationally fixed and axially movable manner
- a brake pad carrier is connected to the shaft in a rotationally fixed and axially displaceable manner, in particular by an annular driver being plugged onto the shaft and connected to the shaft by means of a feather key connection and the driver having external teeth which are in engagement with an internal toothing of the brake pad carrier, whereby
- a braking surface is arranged, which is connected to the magnet body, the brake pad carrier being arranged axially between the braking surface and the armature disk, the armature disk being arranged axially between the brake pad carrier and the magnet body, wherein on Press spring elements supported by the magnet
- the coil that can be energized is accommodated in a magnetic body, in particular in an annular recess of the magnetic body.
- the magnet body is detachably connected to the housing part.
- a ring-shaped driver is placed on the shaft and is connected to the shaft in a rotationally fixed manner, in particular by means of a feather key connection.
- the driver has external teeth onto which a disk-shaped brake pad carrier with its internal teeth is attached, the internal toothing being in engagement with the external toothing, so that the brake pad carrier is connected to the driver and/or the shaft in a rotationally fixed and axially movable manner.
- a ferromagnetic armature disk is arranged axially, i.e. in the axial direction, between the coil and the brake pad carrier.
- the armature disk is connected to the magnet body in a rotationally fixed and axially movable manner.
- axially directed bolts are preferably connected to the magnet body, which protrude axially through the recesses in the armature disk.
- a braking surface is connected or implemented with the housing part or on the housing part.
- the brake pad carrier is arranged axially between the braking surface and the armature disk. Spring elements supported on the magnet body press on the armature disk, in particular so that when the coil is energized, the armature disk is pulled towards the magnet body against the spring force generated by the spring elements and thus the brake pad carrier can run freely, in particular the brake is released.
- the time-dependent course of the voltage applied to the coil and the time-dependent course of the current flowing through the coil are recorded. Since when the brake is released, the armature disk is displaced from a first axial position to a second axial position due to the reduction in the magnetic force under the action of the spring force generated by the spring elements, the inductance of the coil decreases accordingly from a first value to a second value.
- the time t 0 of releasing the brake, i.e. the switching time, is determined from the recorded time-dependent current curve.
- no time derivation is used for this and no gradient formation is carried out, but rather a curve regression is carried out.
- the parameters of a function defined in sections are determined using an optimization process.
- the function then only has I(t) as a parameter which are then determined by an optimization method by minimizing the deviation from the recorded current curve and the above function I(t) by the parameters to be changed.
- 2 shows that initial values ⁇ ⁇ , ⁇ , ⁇ ⁇ , ⁇ , ⁇ ⁇ ⁇ , ⁇ , ⁇ ⁇ ⁇ , ⁇ , ⁇ ⁇ , ⁇ , ⁇ ⁇ , ⁇ are specified, which are then continually changed in the course of the optimization process, until the minimum deviation between the recorded current curve and the function I(t) is reached.
- the deviation is formed, for example, by the sum of the squares of differences between the respective function value and the associated measured value or a value extrapolated from the measured values.
- This point in time represents a measure of the working air gap of the armature disk, i.e. the axial length that is available for the movement of the armature disk between the released and engaged state of the brake.
- This working air gap is dependent on the wear of the brake pads of the brake pad carrier, in particular with a first brake pad being arranged on the brake pad carrier on the side of the brake pad carrier facing the braking surface and a second brake pad being arranged on the brake pad carrier on the side of the brake pad carrier facing the armature disk.
- the method is preferably carried out again each time the brake is released.
- the switching time i.e. the application of the voltage to the coil
- the switching time can be easily detected from the evaluation of the time-dependent voltage curve of the voltage applied to the coil and the new time zero point can therefore be determined.
- the respective value of the time ⁇ ⁇ is determined in the manner described above.
- the change in this point in time ⁇ ⁇ is observed and when this point in time falls below a critical value ⁇ ⁇ its rate of change, namely change per number of ventilation processes associated with the change, a warning message is issued, in particular to indicate critically high wear on the brake pads.
- the current value ⁇ ⁇ is the first current value of the second section of the idealized function, in particular immediately on or after the time of ventilation.
- the current value i ⁇ is the last function value of the first section of the idealized function I (t), in particular immediately before ventilation.
- the simplex method by Nelder and Mead John A. Nelder, R. Mead: A simplex method for function minimization. In: Computer Journal.7, 1965, pp.308-313. doi:10.1093.
- the optimization method /comjnl/7.4.308 is used.
- the temperature of the coil is determined at the very beginning and, depending on this, the starting values of the optimization method are specified.
- the temperature is determined by determining the maximum value that occurs stationary after ventilation, which can be determined simply by ensuring that the current has a value that does not change any further within the scope of the measurement accuracy.
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- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
- Transportation (AREA)
- Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- General Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Braking Arrangements (AREA)
Abstract
Description
Claims
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| DE102022003389.5A DE102022003389B3 (de) | 2022-09-14 | 2022-09-14 | Verfahren zum Bestimmen eines Verschleißes von Bremsbelägen einer elektromagnetisch betätigbaren Bremse und Elektromotor mit elektromagnetisch betätigbarer Bremse und Signalelektronik zur Durchführung eines solchen Verfahrens |
| PCT/EP2023/071379 WO2024056268A1 (de) | 2022-09-14 | 2023-08-02 | VERFAHREN ZUM BESTIMMEN EINES VERSCHLEIßES VON BREMSBELÄGEN EINER ELEKTROMAGNETISCH BETÄTIGBAREN BREMSE UND ELEKTROMOTOR MIT ELEKTROMAGNETISCH BETÄTIGBARER BREMSE UND SIGNALELEKTRONIK ZUR DURCHFÜHRUNG EINES SOLCHEN VERFAHRENS |
Publications (1)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| EP4587308A1 true EP4587308A1 (de) | 2025-07-23 |
Family
ID=85796012
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| EP23749098.2A Pending EP4587308A1 (de) | 2022-09-14 | 2023-08-02 | Verfahren zum bestimmen eines verschleisses von bremsbelägen einer elektromagnetisch betätigbaren bremse und elektromotor mit elektromagnetisch betätigbarer bremse und signalelektronik zur durchführung eines solchen verfahrens |
Country Status (3)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| EP (1) | EP4587308A1 (de) |
| DE (2) | DE102022003389B3 (de) |
| WO (1) | WO2024056268A1 (de) |
Family Cites Families (8)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| DE10147817C5 (de) | 2001-09-27 | 2011-02-24 | Siemens Ag | Verfahren zur Verschleisserkennung bei einer Bremse oder einer Kupplung |
| DE10149604A1 (de) | 2001-10-09 | 2003-04-10 | Pintsch Bamag Gmbh | Verfahren und Vorrichtung zur Überwachung des Betriebszustands einer elektromagnetisch betätigbaren Bremse |
| DE10314390B4 (de) * | 2003-03-28 | 2012-11-22 | Pintsch Bamag Antriebs- Und Verkehrstechnik Gmbh | Verfahren und Vorrichtung zum Überwachen einer elektromagnetisch betätigbaren Bremse |
| WO2009024168A1 (en) * | 2007-08-20 | 2009-02-26 | Otis Elevator Company | Apparatus and method for monitoring an electromagnetic brake |
| DE102012008547A1 (de) | 2011-06-14 | 2012-12-20 | Sew-Eurodrive Gmbh & Co. Kg | Verfahren zum Überwachen einer elektromagnetisch betätigbaren Bremse und Vorrichtung zur Durchführung des Verfahrens |
| DE102012005862B4 (de) * | 2012-03-22 | 2020-01-16 | Lenze Automation Gmbh | Antriebssystem und Verfahren zur Steuerung des Antriebssystems |
| PL3632760T3 (pl) | 2018-10-05 | 2022-03-14 | Chr. Mayr Gmbh + Co. Kg | Prewencyjna kontrola działania elektromagnetycznego hamulca sprężynowego |
| DE102020000127A1 (de) | 2019-01-21 | 2020-07-23 | Sew-Eurodrive Gmbh & Co Kg | Antriebssystem und Verfahren zum Betreiben eines Antriebssystems |
-
2022
- 2022-09-14 DE DE102022003389.5A patent/DE102022003389B3/de active Active
-
2023
- 2023-08-02 EP EP23749098.2A patent/EP4587308A1/de active Pending
- 2023-08-02 WO PCT/EP2023/071379 patent/WO2024056268A1/de not_active Ceased
- 2023-08-02 DE DE102023003189.5A patent/DE102023003189A1/de active Pending
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| WO2024056268A1 (de) | 2024-03-21 |
| DE102022003389B3 (de) | 2023-04-27 |
| DE102023003189A1 (de) | 2024-03-14 |
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