EP4569273B1 - Wärmesperre für belüftete dächer - Google Patents

Wärmesperre für belüftete dächer

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Publication number
EP4569273B1
EP4569273B1 EP23768375.0A EP23768375A EP4569273B1 EP 4569273 B1 EP4569273 B1 EP 4569273B1 EP 23768375 A EP23768375 A EP 23768375A EP 4569273 B1 EP4569273 B1 EP 4569273B1
Authority
EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
containers
pcm
ventilation
macro
pcms
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Active
Application number
EP23768375.0A
Other languages
English (en)
French (fr)
Other versions
EP4569273A1 (de
Inventor
Michele Bottarelli
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Universita degli Studi di Ferrara
Original Assignee
Universita degli Studi di Ferrara
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Publication date
Application filed by Universita degli Studi di Ferrara filed Critical Universita degli Studi di Ferrara
Publication of EP4569273A1 publication Critical patent/EP4569273A1/de
Application granted granted Critical
Publication of EP4569273B1 publication Critical patent/EP4569273B1/de
Active legal-status Critical Current
Anticipated expiration legal-status Critical

Links

Classifications

    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F24—HEATING; RANGES; VENTILATING
    • F24F—AIR-CONDITIONING; AIR-HUMIDIFICATION; VENTILATION; USE OF AIR CURRENTS FOR SCREENING
    • F24F5/00—Air-conditioning systems or apparatus not covered by F24F1/00 or F24F3/00, e.g. using solar heat or combined with household units such as an oven or water heater
    • F24F5/0007—Air-conditioning systems or apparatus not covered by F24F1/00 or F24F3/00, e.g. using solar heat or combined with household units such as an oven or water heater cooling apparatus specially adapted for use in air-conditioning
    • F24F5/0017—Air-conditioning systems or apparatus not covered by F24F1/00 or F24F3/00, e.g. using solar heat or combined with household units such as an oven or water heater cooling apparatus specially adapted for use in air-conditioning using cold storage bodies, e.g. ice
    • F24F5/0021—Air-conditioning systems or apparatus not covered by F24F1/00 or F24F3/00, e.g. using solar heat or combined with household units such as an oven or water heater cooling apparatus specially adapted for use in air-conditioning using cold storage bodies, e.g. ice using phase change material [PCM] for storage
    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E04—BUILDING
    • E04D—ROOF COVERINGS; SKY-LIGHTS; GUTTERS; ROOF-WORKING TOOLS
    • E04D13/00—Special arrangements or devices in connection with roof coverings; Protection against birds; Roof drainage ; Sky-lights
    • E04D13/17—Ventilation of roof coverings not otherwise provided for
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F24—HEATING; RANGES; VENTILATING
    • F24F—AIR-CONDITIONING; AIR-HUMIDIFICATION; VENTILATION; USE OF AIR CURRENTS FOR SCREENING
    • F24F7/00—Ventilation
    • F24F7/02—Roof ventilation
    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E04—BUILDING
    • E04B—GENERAL BUILDING CONSTRUCTIONS; WALLS, e.g. PARTITIONS; ROOFS; FLOORS; CEILINGS; INSULATION OR OTHER PROTECTION OF BUILDINGS
    • E04B1/00—Constructions in general; Structures which are not restricted either to walls, e.g. partitions, or floors or ceilings or roofs
    • E04B1/62—Insulation or other protection; Elements or use of specified material therefor
    • E04B1/74—Heat, sound or noise insulation, absorption, or reflection; Other building methods affording favourable thermal or acoustical conditions, e.g. accumulating of heat within walls
    • E04B1/76—Heat, sound or noise insulation, absorption, or reflection; Other building methods affording favourable thermal or acoustical conditions, e.g. accumulating of heat within walls specifically with respect to heat only
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F24—HEATING; RANGES; VENTILATING
    • F24F—AIR-CONDITIONING; AIR-HUMIDIFICATION; VENTILATION; USE OF AIR CURRENTS FOR SCREENING
    • F24F7/00—Ventilation
    • F24F2007/004—Natural ventilation using convection
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F24—HEATING; RANGES; VENTILATING
    • F24F—AIR-CONDITIONING; AIR-HUMIDIFICATION; VENTILATION; USE OF AIR CURRENTS FOR SCREENING
    • F24F2221/00—Details or features not otherwise provided for
    • F24F2221/16—Details or features not otherwise provided for mounted on the roof

Definitions

  • the present invention refers to a method, and to a system for implementing such method, for the passive conditioning of internal environments having ventilated roofs as a covering.
  • the building sector is responsible for more than a third of the global energy demand and related CO2 emissions and a large part of this energy is used for heating and cooling indoor environments covered by ventilated roofs.
  • European Parliament Directive 2010/31/EU on the energy performance of buildings, at point 25, highlights an increase in air conditioning systems in European countries which causes considerable problems during periods of peak demand and at the same time leads to an increase in the cost of electric energy. For this reason, the need to prioritize those strategies that make it possible to improve the summer energy performance of buildings is underlined: "we should focus on measures that avoid overheating, such as shading and a sufficient thermal capacity of the building work, as well as on further development and application of passive cooling techniques, especially those that help improve indoor climatic conditions and the microclimate around buildings.
  • Patents have been selected which provide for the application of Phase Change Materials, PCM, on the roof, with the aim of improving performance, some of which exploit ventilation as a technique to facilitate the dissolution and solidification process of the PCM.
  • PCM Phase Change Materials
  • US-A1-2005178524 (Building conditioning technique using phase change materials in the roof structure) provides for the application of two PCMs in two different positions within the roof package.
  • a first layer of PCM is positioned above the insulating layer, below the structure which supports the tile cladding, while the second is positioned below the insulating layer, above the plasterboard false ceiling.
  • US-A1-2021062510 (Retrofit roof with a phase change material modulated climate space) describes the application of PCM on roofs for the redevelopment of existing buildings. More specifically, a PCM-containing compound is placed over the existing cover, over which a second cover is then built. The new roof is fixed to the existing one but, through the use of joists, it remains raised by about 10 cm allowing the passage of air.
  • CN-A-111578361 Interlayer ventilation type phase change heat storage structure and pavement method thereof provides for the construction of a sandwich structure in which air channels are used to increase the thermal flow to the PCM, accelerating the accumulation and release of energy with the aim of increasing the insulating capacity of the casing. This application provides for the possibility of installation both in walls and in floors.
  • CN-A-109403556 Shape-stabilized phase-change and embedded tubular ventilation roof describes the creation of a layer of PCM within the roof package, more specifically between a leveling layer and the waterproofing membrane. An air gap is created below the roofing package, in which air can move both naturally and due to a fan connected to an electric valve.
  • Object of the present invention is improving the performances obtained with current technologies, through a system and a method using such system, respectively in accordance with claims 1 and 7
  • the method for passive conditioning of internal environments having ventilated roofs for covering involves the absorption of at least part of the heat coming from the external environment during the hottest hours of the day, so as to reduce the heat entering the environment to be conditioned, and to transfer the absorbed heat back to the external environment during the night, this absorption being implemented through Phase Change Materials, PCMs, wherein the heat exchange between PCMs and external environment is favored by an air current generated by the wind (forced convection) or by effect of natural thermal gradients (natural convection).
  • PCMs Phase Change Materials
  • the system for the passive conditioning of internal environments having ventilated roofs for coverage is of the type comprising one or more ventilation chambers placed under a waterproof roofing mantle, the ventilation chambers having the function of dissipating part of the heat entering the environment to be conditioned.
  • the system further comprises a plurality of elements, comprising PCMs, positioned inside the one or more ventilation chambers, the elements comprising PCMs being in a heat exchange relationship with the air present in the interior of the one or more ventilation chambers.
  • the invention consists in the coupling of two consolidated technologies which have always been studied and developed independently of each other.
  • the first of these technologies is the ventilated roof, a system that allows the creation of one or more ventilation chambers under the waterproof roofing, whose main objective in summer is to dissipate part of the heat entering through the casing in order to reduce energy costs for cooling.
  • the function is to evacuate the water vapor generated indoors, without significantly affecting the heat exchange, because it is placed on the insulating system of the building envelope.
  • the single cavity that is usually formed is 4 ⁇ 10 centimeters, and can be created, for example, by means of a wooden substructure made up of uprights and crosspieces, or by variously perforated metal profiles.
  • the second technology consists in the use of Phase Change Materials, PCMs, which are incorporated in the building envelope as a passive cooling technique, i.e. as a system which allows improving the energy performance of the building during the summer season, without further burdening the air conditioning system.
  • PCMs Phase Change Materials
  • the proposed invention provides for the application of PCMs inside the air gap of ventilated roofs. It is not a simple application of two different technologies, whose effects are merely the sum of the effects of the two technologies applied individually.
  • the positioning of the elements containing PCM in a stream of air significantly improves the heat exchange with the PCM itself and increases its efficiency.
  • the ventilated roof technology improves the efficiency of the PCM as the increased heat exchange makes it possible to increase the amount of PCM that changes phase and the very speed of the phenomenon.
  • PCMs there are several hundred known and studied PCMs and they can be classified according to the phase change performed (solid-solid, solid-liquid, gas-liquid, solid-gas); in case of applications on the building envelope, those which carry out the solid-liquid transformation for aspects related to the specific volume are generally used.
  • two macro-categories are identified on the basis of their composition: organic and inorganic.
  • the former are characterized by good chemical and physical stability, reliable thermal behavior and are noncorrosive, but at the same time they usually have low density and low thermal conductivity.
  • the latter on the other hand, have greater thermal conductivity and latent heat, but are corrosive and, if installed incorrectly, the solid phase risks segregating with respect to the liquid, drastically reducing complete regeneration. They are often characterized by the phenomenon of undercooling.
  • the PCMs used are of the inorganic type, which, given the small quantity envisaged, have a higher latent thermal capacity than organic PCMs.
  • Fundamental for the selection of the PCM to be used, in addition to the thermal capacity, are thermal conductivity and phase change temperature.
  • the choice mainly depends on the climatic conditions of the place of installation. This technology is mainly aimed at roofs with high irradiation and prolonged summer season, such as the Mediterranean area for example: therefore, it can be roughly estimated that the phase change temperatures of the PCMs that can be used are in the range of 35 ⁇ 50°C.
  • the technology described here falls within the passive cooling techniques and is aimed in particular at pitched roofs characterized by both a discontinuous covering (tiles), such as Portuguese or Marseilles tiles, and a continuous covering, such as metal roofs. It can be considered an upgrade of the well-known technology of ventilated roofs and, given that the construction does not involve upheavals of consolidated techniques but only an integration of the same, it can be easily implemented both in case of new constructions and in case of renovations of existing buildings.
  • a discontinuous covering such as Portuguese or Marseilles tiles
  • a continuous covering such as metal roofs.
  • the invention consists in the installation of containers (1) filled with Phase Change Material, PCM, in ventilated roof coverings in order to improve their summer energy performance, reducing the solar gain through the envelope and therefore the energy expenditure for cooling.
  • PCM Phase Change Material
  • the containers (1) similar to thin rectangular plates, have inside a material (PCM) which, subject to certain thermal shocks, is able to change phase, passing from liquid to solid form and vice versa.
  • PCM material
  • thermal shocks When PCM melts, it is able to accumulate large amounts of energy, while, when it solidifies, it releases the energy accumulated during melting.
  • the PCM accumulates or releases energy, it is charged or discharged respectively, and its temperature during phase changes remains almost unchanged.
  • the experimental activity conducted following preliminary numerical investigations, made it possible to detect a reduction of 12 ⁇ 15% of the incoming thermal energy through a discontinuous roof placed in the Po Valley, with a consequent decrease in energy demand.
  • Figure 1 schematically represents the effect of the application of PCM in the building envelope.
  • the curve called "external temperature” shows the variation of the external ambient temperature over 24 hours, with a maximum in the central hours of the day and a minimum at night.
  • Figure 2a shows containers (1), able to receive the PCM inside them.
  • the containers (1) have a large surface area compared to the volume.
  • the thickness is kept as low as possible, in order to optimize the heat exchange and therefore the ability of the material to melt and solidify on a daily basis. Even if the heat exchange is improved by ventilation, it is still advisable to use all means to increase the exchange itself.
  • the containers (1) are plates made of plastic material. Each plate consists of three PCM macro-containers (1a, 1b, 1c), and equipped with a stiffening frame (2), independent of each other and which therefore can be cut out for any dimensional problems during installation. Each of these macro-containers (1a, 1b, 1c) also has two longitudinal welds (3), which divide each of the three macro-containers (1a, 1b, 1c) into three parts.
  • the macro-container (1a) is divided into three parts (11a, 12a, 13a), the macro-container (1b) is divided into three parts (11b, 12b, 13b), finally the macro-container (1c) is divided into three parts (11c, 12c, 13c).
  • Figure 2b shows in detail the shape of the stiffening frame (2) and one of the macro-containers (1a) and the welds (3a) with which the containers (1) are assembled.
  • the containers (1) have overall dimensions of 0.9 x 0.3 x 0.01 m 3 .
  • Figures 3 (a, b) and 4 show the installation of the containers (1).
  • the containers (1) are installed on average in the center of the ventilation channel under the roofing mantle, suspended between the tiles (20), or another element designed to waterproof the roofing mantle such as a simple metal sheet or a sandwich metal panel, and the underlying support layer (30), so that the ventilation air flow completely envelops the containers (1) themselves.
  • the ventilated cavity under the waterproof covering is made using perforated metal profiles (10), which allow the anchoring of the elements of the discontinuous covering made up of roof tiles or pantiles (20) and, at the same time, guarantee the passage of air.
  • Supports (11) are fixed to the same perforated metal profiles (10) on which the PCM containers (1) are placed.
  • the supports (11) which can be made both of metal and of plastic, comprise a bar (12) fixed, one third of the length, to a disk (13) on which there are four anchors (15) which, passed through the holes in the metal profile (10), prevent its movement by inserting itself into an opposing element (14).
  • the PCM containers (1) are installed by placing the containers (1) themselves on the supports (11), which are hooked to the under-tile perforated profiles (10) as shown in Figure 3 .
  • Each support (11) allows the support of two containers (1), one on each end, and allows a free installation by adapting to under-tile profiles (10) of different heights and variable lengths of containers (1).
  • the graphic indication of four supports (11) for each row of three PCM pockets (11, 12, 13 of columns a, b, c) must be considered as minimum and possibly increased as the slope of the pitch decreases.
  • Figure 4 shows a portion of the roof which shows the installation of the PCM containers (1) between one metal profile (10) and another, supported by supports (12).

Landscapes

  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Architecture (AREA)
  • Civil Engineering (AREA)
  • Structural Engineering (AREA)
  • Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
  • Sustainable Development (AREA)
  • Building Environments (AREA)

Claims (7)

  1. System zur passiven Klimatisierung von Innenräumen mit belüfteten Dächern, umfassend eine oder mehrere Belüftungskammern unter einer wasserdichten Dachabdeckung, wobei die eine oder mehreren Belüftungskammern die Funktion haben, einen Teil der in den zu klimatisierenden Raum eintretenden Wärme abzuleiten,
    - das System umfasst außerdem eine Vielzahl von Behältern (1), die Phasenwechselmaterialien, PCM - Phase Change Material, enthalten und in einer oder mehreren Belüftungskammern angeordnet sind, wobei die PCM-Behälter (1) in Wärmeaustauschbeziehung mit der in der einen oder mehreren Belüftungskammern vorhandenen Luft stehen;
    dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass:
    - die Behälter (1) werden in der Mitte eines Belüftungskanals installiert, der zwischen den Ziegeln (20) und einer darunterliegenden Trägerschicht (30) aufgehängt ist, so dass ein Belüftungsluftstrom die Behälter (1) vollständig umhüllt;
    - das System umfasst außerdem perforierte Metallprofile (10), an denen Träger (11) befestigt sind, auf denen die PCM-Behälter (1) platziert werden; und
    - die Stützen (11) bestehen aus einer Stange (12), die auf einem Drittel ihrer Länge an einem Element (13) befestigt ist, an dem sich Anker (15) befinden, die durch Löcher im Metallprofil (10) geführt und in ein gegenüberliegendes Element (14) eingesetzt werden und dessen Bewegung verhindern.
  2. System nach Anspruch 1, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass die Behälter (1) Kunststoffplatten sind.
  3. System nach Anspruch 2, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass die Platten mehrere voneinander unabhängige PCM-Makrobehälter (1a, 1b, 1c) umfassen, so dass sie zugeschnitten werden können, um etwaige Dimensionsprobleme in der Anlage auszugleichen.
  4. System nach Anspruch 3, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass die PCM-Makrocontainer (1a, 1b, 1c) mit einem Versteifungsrahmen (2) versehen sind.
  5. System nach einem der vorhergehenden Ansprüche, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass jeder der Makrobehälter (1a, 1b, 1c) Längsschweißnähte (3) aufweist, die dazu dienen, jeden der Makrobehälter (1a, 1b, 1c) in mindestens zwei Teile zu unterteilen, um das Risiko einer Entmischung des PCM zu verringern.
  6. System nach einem der vorhergehenden Ansprüche, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass die Behälter (1) Gesamtabmessungen von 0,9 x 0,3 x 0,01 m3 aufweisen.
  7. Verfahren zur passiven Klimatisierung von Innenräumen mit belüfteten Dächern, bei dem ein System nach einem der vorhergehenden Ansprüche verwendet wird und bei dem während der heißesten Stunden des Tages zumindest ein Teil der von der Außenumgebung kommenden Wärme absorbiert wird, um so die in den zu klimatisierenden Raum eindringende Wärme zu verringern und die absorbierte Wärme während der Nachtstunden wieder an die Außenumgebung abzugeben. Die Absorption erfolgt mittels Phasenwechselmaterialien, PCM - Phase Change Material, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass der Wärmeaustausch zwischen dem PCM und der Außenumgebung durch einen Luftstrom begünstigt wird, der aufgrund der Wirkung natürlicher Wärmegradienten spontan entsteht.
EP23768375.0A 2022-08-12 2023-08-01 Wärmesperre für belüftete dächer Active EP4569273B1 (de)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
IT102022000017301A IT202200017301A1 (it) 2022-08-12 2022-08-12 Barriera termica per tetti ventilati a manto continuo o discontinuo
PCT/IT2023/050188 WO2024033956A1 (en) 2022-08-12 2023-08-01 Thermal barrier for ventilated roofs

Publications (2)

Publication Number Publication Date
EP4569273A1 EP4569273A1 (de) 2025-06-18
EP4569273B1 true EP4569273B1 (de) 2025-10-15

Family

ID=83691668

Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
EP23768375.0A Active EP4569273B1 (de) 2022-08-12 2023-08-01 Wärmesperre für belüftete dächer

Country Status (6)

Country Link
US (1) US20260055908A1 (de)
EP (1) EP4569273B1 (de)
ES (1) ES3059880T3 (de)
IT (1) IT202200017301A1 (de)
PT (1) PT4569273T (de)
WO (1) WO2024033956A1 (de)

Citations (3)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
WO2001038810A2 (en) * 1999-11-25 2001-05-31 Piia Lamberg Air conditioning method and system for indoor use including cyclic charging and discharging of heat
JP2002195770A (ja) * 2000-12-28 2002-07-10 Hokkaido Technology Licence Office Co Ltd 潜熱蓄熱体およびこれを用いた潜熱蓄熱空調システム
US20170146251A1 (en) * 2015-11-20 2017-05-25 Stasis Group Inc. System for energy consumption reduction and cost savings in a building

Family Cites Families (6)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US7571758B2 (en) 2004-01-10 2009-08-11 Barbara Hildegard Pause Building conditioning technique using phase change materials in the roof structure
US7735327B2 (en) * 2006-07-19 2010-06-15 Neal Energy Management Llc Active thermal insulation system utilizing phase change material and a cool air source
US10487496B2 (en) * 2017-06-12 2019-11-26 Robert Joe Alderman Reflective temperature modulating blanket and architecture
CN109403556B (zh) 2018-09-13 2024-03-19 华中科技大学 一种定型相变与内嵌管式通风屋面
US11761211B2 (en) 2019-08-27 2023-09-19 Robert Joe Alderman Retrofit roof with a phase change material modulated climate space
CN111578361A (zh) 2020-05-08 2020-08-25 天津大学 一种夹层通风式相变蓄热结构及其铺设方法

Patent Citations (3)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
WO2001038810A2 (en) * 1999-11-25 2001-05-31 Piia Lamberg Air conditioning method and system for indoor use including cyclic charging and discharging of heat
JP2002195770A (ja) * 2000-12-28 2002-07-10 Hokkaido Technology Licence Office Co Ltd 潜熱蓄熱体およびこれを用いた潜熱蓄熱空調システム
US20170146251A1 (en) * 2015-11-20 2017-05-25 Stasis Group Inc. System for energy consumption reduction and cost savings in a building

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
EP4569273A1 (de) 2025-06-18
ES3059880T3 (en) 2026-03-24
US20260055908A1 (en) 2026-02-26
PT4569273T (pt) 2026-01-15
IT202200017301A1 (it) 2022-11-12
WO2024033956A1 (en) 2024-02-15

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