Classifications

• • H—ELECTRICITY
  • H05—ELECTRIC TECHNIQUES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
  • H05K—PRINTED CIRCUITS; CASINGS OR CONSTRUCTIONAL DETAILS OF ELECTRIC APPARATUS; MANUFACTURE OF ASSEMBLAGES OF ELECTRICAL COMPONENTS
  • H05K7/00—Constructional details common to different types of electric apparatus
  • H05K7/14—Mounting supporting structure in casing or on frame or rack
  • H05K7/1422—Printed circuit boards receptacles, e.g. stacked structures, electronic circuit modules or box like frames
  • H05K7/1427—Housings
  • H05K7/1432—Housings specially adapted for power drive units or power converters
• • H—ELECTRICITY
  • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
  • H02J—ELECTRIC POWER NETWORKS; CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS OR SYSTEMS FOR SUPPLYING OR DISTRIBUTING ELECTRIC POWER; SYSTEMS FOR STORING ELECTRIC ENERGY
  • H02J2105/00—Networks for supplying or distributing electric power characterised by their spatial reach or by the load
  • H02J2105/30—Networks for supplying or distributing electric power characterised by their spatial reach or by the load the load networks being external to vehicles, i.e. exchanging power with vehicles
  • H02J2105/32—Networks for supplying or distributing electric power characterised by their spatial reach or by the load the load networks being external to vehicles, i.e. exchanging power with vehicles for aircrafts

Definitions

• the present invention relates to the field of electrical power distribution, particularly in an aircraft, and more particularly to a generic high voltage direct current electrical power distribution board.
• electrical distribution units are generally used equipped with electromechanical power contactors, Kn and Kp, intended to switch the HV+ and HV power lines between a source and a load.
• the power contactors, Kn and Kp are used to switch the power on the one hand and to isolate the line on the other hand.
• Kn and Kp contactors are associated with other components such as a precharging circuit.
• the precharge circuit is included on the HV+ power line with a contactor K1 and a power resistor R1.
• a current sensor also makes it possible to measure the current in the HV+ and HV- lines in order to control contactors Kp, Kn and K1 and to ensure current protection of the distribution line.
• Electronic control activates the motors used to control the contactors.
• the assembly constitutes a BPMU (acronym for the English expression “Bus Power Management Unit”) which can for example be used between a high voltage battery and an electric motor in the case of all-electric propulsion of a small aircraft.
• This BPMU is an example of a precharge resistor high voltage interrupting device.
• Figure 1 represents the general block diagram of an example 10 of such a BPMU.
• the BPMU 10 intended to be contained in the power distribution unit comprises a parallel branch (precharge branch 12) to the main switching element 14 Kp / Kn arranged between the source of electrical power and the high and low voltage lines HV+ and HV- powering the load.
• This Kp couple! Kn of electromechanical contactors ensure galvanic isolation in the open state and a very low impedance (around a hundred mV under nominal current) in the closed state.
• These electromechanical contactors are conventionally controlled from a control module 16 according to voltage and/or current information recorded upstream and downstream of these contactors.
• the physical realization of the electrical power distribution units is based on a box and/or a plate.
• the specific arrangement of the different components of the BPMU depends on the application and therefore, the power distribution unit must be made “tailor-made” each time, depending on the application. Only the basic components (switches, motors, resistors, and others) are generic products and constitute the bricks reused for the applications. To summarize, distribution units are designed to adapt as needed from discrete mechanically integrated elements.
• FIG. 2 A top view of an example 40 of the generic power distribution board from patent application FR 22 01421 is shown in Figure 2 and a bottom view is shown in Figure 3.
• the contactors for example the Kp, Kn contactors
• the plate 40 which serves as mechanical support for the assembly to make the solution compact and reduce the electrical and mechanical interfaces as much as possible.
• Motors, auxiliary contacts and beam of the mobile part are on one side of the plate, while the contact chambers (fixed and mobile) are on the other side of the plate.
• Insulating screw protection caps 32a, 32b, 35a, 35b are provided to avoid the risk of short circuit between the two polarities by external object.
• the other components include: a current probe 52, two resistors 54, 55, and a precharge contactor 56. Still other components (for example a fuse) may be present but not are not represented.
• the complementary sets of contactors, 48a, 48b include the motors, auxiliary contacts and beam of the moving part of the Kp and Kn contactors.
• the motors are marked 51a and 51b on the drawings.
• Engine 51 has active Kp.
• This generic board 40 can be used to implement the circuit shown in Figure 1, as well as other circuits.
• the generic plate allows, in particular, the arrangement of complementary assemblies of contactors in two orthogonal orientations allowing the motors to activate contact terminals of different sub-assemblies of the contact chambers and thus to produce parallel or series configurations of the contactors. contactors. Fixing points 60, and screws 61 make it possible to fix the complementary assemblies of contactors, 48a, 48b according to the desired configuration (in series or in parallel).
• the components arranged on the second major surface 42 of the plate 40 are arranged so as to leave a free space constituting a fixing zone for the complementary assemblies of the two contactors, the fixing zone being dimensioned to allow the arrangement of the complementary assemblies of the contactors according to the two orthogonal orientations, a first orientation according to which each of the motors of the complementary contactor assemblies activates the terminals of a first respective sub-assembly of the contact terminal chambers, and a second orientation according to which each of the motors of the complementary contactor assemblies activates the terminals of a second respective sub-assembly of the contact terminal chambers, the contact chambers of the first and second sub-assemblies being aligned in respective orthogonal directions.
• the center distances of the contactor chambers and the center distances of the complementary assemblies of the contactors are dimensioned to align the contacts of the two contactors with the corresponding motors of the complementary assemblies of the contactors according to the first and the second orientation of the complementary assemblies of the contactors.
• the generic modular board having contactors integrated on a power board and allowing two layout configurations facilitates adaptation to the need for distribution and precharging use in a high voltage DC network.
• the high level of integration of the components on the power board makes it possible to optimize the mass and volume of the function.
• the modularity of the solution also makes it possible to meet different needs thanks to the configurations offered which make it generic.
• the generic board 40 also allows the creation of circuits which only require two contactors, that is to say circuits which omit either Kp or Kn, in which case we can eliminate, for each omitted contactor, two contact chambers in the locations provided on surface 41 of the plate.
• Figure 4 shows zone 47a of the generic plate where the fixed contacts 37 1 are then found; 37 2 when a contact chamber is not mounted in one of the locations provided on the surface 41 of the plate: in the example shown in Figure 4, the contact chamber 45a has been omitted from the device.
• the power bar shown in Figure 5 includes mechanical assemblies to make electrical connections in the case where a two-contactor configuration is used. These connections cannot be completely insulated and therefore have bare and exposed live metal parts. This can be dangerous for maintenance operators or be the source of an electrical fault in the presence of a metallic foreign body in this area.
• the present invention aims to overcome the drawbacks mentioned above.
• the main objective of the present invention is therefore to propose a generic, modular electrical power distribution board, with contactors integrated on the power board, configured to allow adaptation to the need for use of distribution and precharging in a high-voltage network.
• direct voltage including to allow an adaptation which implies the absence of a movable contact at one of the mounting locations provided on the plate.
• a continuous high voltage electrical distribution board characterized in that: on a first of the major surfaces of the board are provided locations for mounting fixed contact terminal chambers and mobile of two electromechanical contactors, a pair of fixed contacts being provided at each contact chamber mounting location, while on the second major surface of the plate are arranged locations for mounting complementary assemblies of the two contactors, these assemblies each comprising a respective motor intended to activate the contact terminals of one of the respective contactors, a protection component is mounted at at least one of the contact chamber mounting locations, in place of the movable contact, said protection component comprising : an insulating cover defining with the surface of the plate a closed space comprising an electrical connection shunt arranged to connect the pair of fixed contacts together.
• the plate according to the configuration described above allows for the best possible integration, and allows the fixed contacts to be connected in a reduced space requirement.
• the protection component of the aforementioned high voltage electrical distribution board comprises a pressurized spring arranged to press the connection shunt against the fixed contacts. In this way, the continuity of the current path is ensured with increased reliability.
• the aforementioned high voltage electrical distribution board includes a precharging function. This configuration makes it possible to obtain a significant reduction in terms of mass and volume compared to previously proposed devices which include a precharging function.
• the invention also relates to a continuous high-voltage electrical distribution unit equipped with the aforementioned high-voltage distribution board.
• the aforementioned high voltage electrical distribution unit is mounted between a storage unit and a high voltage direct current (HVDC) bus of an aircraft.
• the storage unit can be a battery or a supercapacitor.
• the invention also relates to an electrical power distribution network of an aircraft comprising an electrical power distribution unit as mentioned above.
• Figure 1 shows the general synoptic of an example of an electrical distribution unit equipped with electromechanical power contactors according to the prior art
• Figure 2 shows a top view of a generic high voltage continuous distribution board, with complementary sets of power contactors arranged in a first orientation
• Figure 3 shows a bottom view of the high voltage distribution board of Figure 2
• Figure 4 shows a fixed contactor zone, exposed, of the lower surface of the continuous high voltage distribution board of Figure 2,
• Figure 5 shows a power bar used in the prior art to protect the fixed contactor area
• Figure 6 is a diagram representing a plate provided, on one side, with a power bar according to Figure 5 and, on the other side, with a protection component according to one embodiment of the invention, and
• Figure 7 is a sectional view of an example of the protection component shown in Figure 6.
• the invention is based on the configuration of a high voltage electrical distribution board so as to integrate a large number of components, while allowing adaptation to the need for use, distribution and precharging. in a high voltage direct current network, including an adaptation involving the absence of a contact terminal chamber in one of the locations provided on the plate.
• the plate can be used, in particular, to create a light BPMU whose general synoptic corresponds to that shown in Figure 1.
• a light BPMU can, for example, be used between a high-voltage storage means (for example, a battery, a supercapacitor) and an electric motor in the case of all-electric propulsion of a small aircraft.
• the plate is designed so that the contactors Kp and Kn can be mounted in two orientations on the same plate thanks to judiciously chosen geometry and center distances.
• locations are provided for mounting four contact chambers housing the fixed and mobile contact terminals of the Kp and Kn contactors.
• a new component is provided to protect the fixed contacts and ensure the power connection.
• This is a component which corresponds to a sub-assembly which protects the fixed contacts, and which integrates an electrical shunt (a conductive connection, for example example a metallic connection) in place of the mobile contact positioned to sit on the fixed contacts.
• Figure 6 represents a plate 100 which integrates a protection component 200 according to one embodiment of the invention, as well as a power bar 30 according to the approach illustrated in Figure 5.
• a rectangle R in Figure 6 indicates the region corresponding to the configuration according to the embodiment of the invention.
• the protection component 200 is an element which comprises a conductive connection (for example a narrow metal plate 212 according to the example of Figure 7) arranged to serve as a power connection shunt, that is to say to ensure the power connection by connecting the fixed contacts which are found at the contact chamber mounting location where this protection component 200 is mounted.
• the protection component 200 also includes an insulating cover 201.
• Figure 6 shows the difference in integration and volume between the current solution and the embodiment of the invention in the rectangle R.
• the assembly of the elements on the left corresponds to the previous state with a power bar which lies bare and exposed.
• the assembly presented on the right shows the proposed embodiment to optimize the size and eliminate the live bar.
• the proposed embodiment makes it possible to eliminate the power stud 139 and the power bar 130 not covered with insulation, as well as the insulating cover 150.
• the plate 100 includes a plate 110 which serves as a mechanical “structure” to support the assembly.
• the plate 110 is made of epoxy, for example of the FR4 or FR5 type.
• the 100 plate accommodates the following components:
• the protection component 200 which corresponds to a sub-assembly with an integrated shunt.
• the use of the protection component 200 makes it possible to reduce the number of parts and to have better integration, which provides mass savings and makes modularity as simple as possible. Standardization adapted to the different configurations of the generic high voltage direct current (HVDC) electrical power distribution board of the 200 power contact shunt subassembly is then possible.
• HVDC high voltage direct current
• Figure 7 represents a sectional view of an exemplary embodiment of the protection component 200 of Figure 6.
• the protection component 200 consists of the following elements:
• a mobile connection bar 212 power transfer between the two contact pads.
• a contact pad 214 transfer of power to the HV power bars and the mobile contact, and - an axis 215, it allows bonding by translation and maintaining the contact pressure between the pellets and the power bars in the active state. In the rest state it guarantees contact release.
• the protection component 200 can be modified compared to the example shown in Figure 7 , for example according to the needs of the application or the wishes of the designer. For example, we can add a spring to ensure affirmation.
• a plate as described above is incorporated in an electrical power distribution unit, for example an electrical distribution unit mounted between a storage unit and a high voltage DC bus. (HVDC) of an aircraft.
• HVDC high voltage DC bus.
• an electrical power distribution network of an aircraft comprises a continuous high voltage electrical distribution unit integrating a plate as described above.
• the invention finds application in particular in the aeronautical industry and the automobile industry, for example in relation to a generation channel, an HVDC battery, a fuel cell, primary distribution, secondary distribution, electric propulsion, propulsion hybrid, etc.
• the devices provided by the invention make it possible to reduce the number of parts and to have better integration in order to achieve mass savings and make modularity as simple as possible. Standardization adapted to the different configurations of the generic high voltage direct current (HVDC) electrical power distribution board of the power contact shunt subassembly is then possible.
• HVDC high voltage direct current

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• Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
• Microelectronics & Electronic Packaging (AREA)
• Patch Boards (AREA)
• Emergency Protection Circuit Devices (AREA)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Publications (1)

Family

ID=83188790

Family Applications (1)

Country Status (4)

Family Cites Families (2)

• 2022
  • 2022-06-21 FR FR2206112A patent/FR3136906B1/fr active Active
• 2023
  • 2023-06-12 WO PCT/FR2023/050842 patent/WO2023247854A1/fr not_active Ceased
  • 2023-06-12 CN CN202380048994.1A patent/CN119404603A/zh active Pending
  • 2023-06-12 EP EP23736427.8A patent/EP4544883A1/de active Pending

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