Classifications

• • H—ELECTRICITY
  • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
  • H02H—EMERGENCY PROTECTIVE CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS
  • H02H7/00—Emergency protective circuit arrangements specially adapted for specific types of electric machines or apparatus or for sectionalised protection of cable or line systems, and effecting automatic switching in the event of an undesired change from normal working conditions
  • H02H7/18—Emergency protective circuit arrangements specially adapted for specific types of electric machines or apparatus or for sectionalised protection of cable or line systems, and effecting automatic switching in the event of an undesired change from normal working conditions for batteries; for accumulators
• • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
  • B63—SHIPS OR OTHER WATERBORNE VESSELS; RELATED EQUIPMENT
  • B63G—OFFENSIVE OR DEFENSIVE ARRANGEMENTS ON VESSELS; MINE-LAYING; MINE-SWEEPING; SUBMARINES; AIRCRAFT CARRIERS
  • B63G8/00—Underwater vessels, e.g. submarines; Equipment specially adapted therefor
• • H—ELECTRICITY
  • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
  • H02J—CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS OR SYSTEMS FOR SUPPLYING OR DISTRIBUTING ELECTRIC POWER; SYSTEMS FOR STORING ELECTRIC ENERGY
  • H02J1/00—Circuit arrangements for dc mains or dc distribution networks
• • H—ELECTRICITY
  • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
  • H02J—CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS OR SYSTEMS FOR SUPPLYING OR DISTRIBUTING ELECTRIC POWER; SYSTEMS FOR STORING ELECTRIC ENERGY
  • H02J7/00—Circuit arrangements for charging or depolarising batteries or for supplying loads from batteries
  • H02J7/0029—Circuit arrangements for charging or depolarising batteries or for supplying loads from batteries with safety or protection devices or circuits
  • H02J7/0031—Circuit arrangements for charging or depolarising batteries or for supplying loads from batteries with safety or protection devices or circuits using battery or load disconnect circuits
• • H—ELECTRICITY
  • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
  • H02J—CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS OR SYSTEMS FOR SUPPLYING OR DISTRIBUTING ELECTRIC POWER; SYSTEMS FOR STORING ELECTRIC ENERGY
  • H02J2310/00—The network for supplying or distributing electric power characterised by its spatial reach or by the load
  • H02J2310/40—The network being an on-board power network, i.e. within a vehicle
  • H02J2310/42—The network being an on-board power network, i.e. within a vehicle for ships or vessels

Definitions

• the present invention relates to a system for supplying electrical energy, in particular an onboard network of a submarine.
• the invention relates to such an electrical power supply system which comprises means for storing electrical energy based on lithium batteries.
• These electric power supply systems also comprise means for distributing this electrical energy to user loads, these energy distribution means comprising means for breaking and isolating the connection branches of the charging charges. network user, especially in the event of a short circuit thereof.
• the protective devices of the network were then sized to be able to cut short circuit currents for example of this type of battery, these currents can for example be up to 50 kA.
• the Applicant has already proposed reducing the short-circuit current in the event of an internal or external fault by inserting into the power line of each branch in parallel constituting the electrical energy storage system, for example a current chopper.
• This chopper then makes it possible to limit the output current of each branch to a value parameterized in advance.
• the short-circuit current is limited to a value compatible with the characteristics of the protective devices of the network to which the battery is connected.
• the basic concept of this structure is to limit the short-circuit current by connecting only a limited number of branches.
• This document proposes a system for managing branch connections and disconnections and battery charging.
• This system requires a discharge circuit and a load circuit decoupled for example by diodes.
• This system proposes to insert, in the event of a fault on the network, a resistance in the power line of the branches of the battery to attenuate the value of the current by dissipating a high heat energy.
• a system of static switches for example semiconductor deflects the current in this resistance in case of overcurrent detected at the output of the branches of the battery.
• This system requires a water cooling device and requires a complete study of the protection and selectivity plan of the electrical network of each type of submarine where it is installed, in order to define the value of the resistance that will allow limit the short-circuit current to a value allowing the operation of the electrical protection systems of the network.
• the object of the invention is therefore to solve these problems.
• the subject of the invention is a system for supplying electrical energy, in particular an onboard network of a submarine, of the type comprising means for storing electrical energy based on lithium batteries and means for distributing this electrical energy to user loads, these distribution means including means for breaking and isolating connecting branches of the user loads, particularly in the event of a short-circuit thereof, characterized in that it comprises:
• network connection means means for generating a controlled short-circuit current, for triggering the operation of the cutoff and isolation means associated with the short-circuited branch, in order to isolate it from the rest of the network,
• the means for monitoring the evolution of the current delivered by the electrical energy storage means comprise means for analyzing the variation of this current over time in order to detect the appearance of a short circuit as soon as this variation exceeds a predetermined threshold;
• the electrical energy storage means comprise a plurality of branches in parallel, each of which comprises disconnection means;
• the battery disconnecting means comprise controlled semiconductor switching devices
• the controlled semiconductor switching devices comprise MOSFET transistors
• the means for breaking and isolating the connecting branches of the user loads comprise circuit breakers
• the distribution means comprise at least one battery panel, at least one main panel and at least one secondary electrical energy distribution panel, connected between the energy storage means and the user loads;
• it furthermore comprises means for measuring the isolation of the remainder of the network after disconnection of the energy storage means, to avoid reconnecting these storage means to the network, in the event of detection of an insulation fault of the network .
• FIG. 1 represents the general structure of part of a system for supplying electrical energy, in particular an onboard network of a submarine;
• FIGS. 2 to 7 illustrate the operation of such a system; according to a first embodiment, and
• This comprises means for storing electrical energy based on lithium batteries, designated by the general reference 1.
• these energy storage means comprise several battery branches in parallel, designated by the general references 2, 3 and 4, for example in this FIG.
• Each of these branches is connected to a battery panel designated by the general reference 5, through connection / disconnection means, respectively 6, 7 and 8.
• connection / disconnection means comprise, for example, semiconductor switching devices.
• controlled conductors such as for example MOSFET transistors, inserted in the branches.
• the battery table 5 also comprises a circuit breaker designated by the general reference 9.
• This battery board 5 is connected to at least one main electric power distribution board, one of which is designated for example by the general reference 10 in this FIG.
• This main electrical power distribution panel 10 also comprises for example several power supply branches, each of which also comprises a circuit breaker.
• This power supply branch makes it possible to connect this main electrical energy distribution board 10 to at least one secondary electric power distribution board, one of which is designated for example by the general reference 12 in this figure.
• This secondary electric power distribution board 12 supplies user load connection branches, for example the branch designated by the general reference 13 in this figure, through branch breaking and isolation means, comprising: also for example a circuit breaker, designated by the general reference 14.
• a short-circuit generator designated by the general reference 15, is connected to the battery board 5, through switch-shaped connection means, designated by the general reference 16 in this figure, controllable on closing and on opening to connect or disconnect this generator 15 from the battery board 5.
• Such a power supply structure is then relatively conventional insofar as the electrical energy storage means comprise lithium battery branches, connected to a battery panel, itself connected through a main and secondary table cascade. distribution, to user load connection branches.
• Each of these tables comprises means of cut-off and isolation for example based circuit breakers, which are then calibrated according to their location in the power supply, to cut the corresponding branch and isolate it from the rest of the network.
• Cutting means comprising semiconductor devices are used for this purpose.
• the short circuit current of the system can reach extremely important values.
• a DC fuse according to current technologies has a breaking capacity of only 100 kA maximum and must be changed after melting, which, in the applications mentioned, is not conceivable or at least not is not acceptable, for reasons of accessibility and rapid availability of energy after a fault.
• a DC circuit breaker which can be reset, also has a breaking capacity of the order of 100 kA maximum according to current technologies.
• Another aspect to take into account when dimensioning the protection of such a circuit, and in particular the calibration of the circuit breakers, is the selectivity of the different elements of the whole chain or the cascade of circuit breakers or fuses of the electrical distribution of the system.
• the power supply system uses means for monitoring the evolution of the output current of the electrical energy storage means in order to detect the occurrence of a short circuit in the network.
• these monitoring means analyze the variation of this current in time to detect a crossing of a trigger limit threshold characteristic of a short-circuit fault, for example.
• FIGS. 2 to 7 show a first embodiment of such a system.
• the means 17 for monitoring the evolution of the output current of the means electrical energy storage detect the appearance of this fault and in particular a short circuit in the network.
• This monitoring is a fact for example an analysis of the variation of the current in time conventionally.
• the system triggers the disconnection of the electrical energy storage means from the rest of the network, by opening the semiconductor switching devices 6, 7 and 8, as illustrated in FIG. figure 3.
• the system connects to the network and more particularly to Table 5, the short-circuit generation means 15, as shown in FIG. 4, by closing the connection means 16.
• these generation means are adapted to cause a controlled short-circuit current, to trigger the operation of the cut-off and isolation means associated with the branch in short-circuit fault, in order to isolate it from the rest of the network, as shown in Figure 5.
• chain or cascade network protection circuit breakers located at different levels thereof, is designed and calibrated to obtain the selectivity mentioned above, opening branches in default as the branch 13.
• the system opens the means 16 for connecting the short-circuit generator to disconnect it from the network.
• the system causes the disconnection of the battery at first. Then the short circuit generation means are connected to the network to cause the tripping of the protection circuit breaker of the faulty user load branch.
• the short-circuit generator is then disconnected from the network and it is possible to reconnect the battery to this network to make electrical energy available.
• FIGS. 8 to 16 illustrate an alternative embodiment of this system, which furthermore incorporates means 20 for measuring the insulation of the remainder of the network after disconnection of the electrical energy storage means, in order to avoid dimensioning the means 16 so that they can withstand the short-circuit current of the generation means 15, on closing.
• FIG. 8 when the appearance of a fault is detected, FIG. 8, the system disconnects the battery from the network, FIG. 9.
• the system opens the circuit breaker 9 of the battery panel 5, to enable, FIG. 11, the means 20 to measure the isolation of the rest of the network and to determine whether it is possible or not. continue the process of isolating the defect as described.
• semiconductor means based on MOSFET transistors for example, at the output of each branch of the battery, the function of which is to open rapidly for example in a less than 100 microseconds, in case of detection of too much current rise.
• a short-circuit current generator is then connected to the network.
• connection means of the short-circuit current generator may also be based on controlled semiconductor switch technology.

Landscapes

• Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
• Power Engineering (AREA)
• Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
• Aviation & Aerospace Engineering (AREA)
• Emergency Protection Circuit Devices (AREA)
• Charge And Discharge Circuits For Batteries Or The Like (AREA)
• Protection Of Static Devices (AREA)
• Direct Current Feeding And Distribution (AREA)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Publications (1)

Family

ID=59745943

Family Applications (1)

Country Status (6)

Families Citing this family (3)

Family Cites Families (6)

• 2017
  • 2017-03-16 FR FR1700274A patent/FR3064124B1/fr active Active
• 2018
  • 2018-03-16 KR KR1020197026654A patent/KR102530250B1/ko active IP Right Grant
  • 2018-03-16 AU AU2018235015A patent/AU2018235015B2/en active Active
  • 2018-03-16 SG SG11201908433U patent/SG11201908433UA/en unknown
  • 2018-03-16 WO PCT/EP2018/056750 patent/WO2018167306A1/fr unknown
  • 2018-03-16 EP EP18710079.7A patent/EP3596791A1/de active Pending

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