EP4540846A1 - Schaltgerät - Google Patents
SchaltgerätInfo
- Publication number
- EP4540846A1 EP4540846A1 EP22761127.4A EP22761127A EP4540846A1 EP 4540846 A1 EP4540846 A1 EP 4540846A1 EP 22761127 A EP22761127 A EP 22761127A EP 4540846 A1 EP4540846 A1 EP 4540846A1
- Authority
- EP
- European Patent Office
- Prior art keywords
- contact
- isolating
- switching device
- path
- switching
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Pending
Links
Classifications
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01H—ELECTRIC SWITCHES; RELAYS; SELECTORS; EMERGENCY PROTECTIVE DEVICES
- H01H33/00—High-tension or heavy-current switches with arc-extinguishing or arc-preventing means
- H01H33/60—Switches wherein the means for extinguishing or preventing the arc do not include separate means for obtaining or increasing flow of arc-extinguishing fluid
- H01H33/66—Vacuum switches
- H01H33/666—Operating arrangements
- H01H33/6661—Combination with other type of switch, e.g. for load break switches
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01H—ELECTRIC SWITCHES; RELAYS; SELECTORS; EMERGENCY PROTECTIVE DEVICES
- H01H33/00—High-tension or heavy-current switches with arc-extinguishing or arc-preventing means
- H01H33/02—Details
- H01H33/04—Means for extinguishing or preventing arc between current-carrying parts
- H01H33/14—Multiple main contacts for the purpose of dividing the current through, or potential drop along, the arc
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01H—ELECTRIC SWITCHES; RELAYS; SELECTORS; EMERGENCY PROTECTIVE DEVICES
- H01H33/00—High-tension or heavy-current switches with arc-extinguishing or arc-preventing means
- H01H33/02—Details
- H01H33/04—Means for extinguishing or preventing arc between current-carrying parts
- H01H33/14—Multiple main contacts for the purpose of dividing the current through, or potential drop along, the arc
- H01H33/143—Multiple main contacts for the purpose of dividing the current through, or potential drop along, the arc of different construction or type
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01H—ELECTRIC SWITCHES; RELAYS; SELECTORS; EMERGENCY PROTECTIVE DEVICES
- H01H9/00—Details of switching devices, not covered by groups H01H1/00 - H01H7/00
- H01H9/10—Adaptation for built-in fuses
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01H—ELECTRIC SWITCHES; RELAYS; SELECTORS; EMERGENCY PROTECTIVE DEVICES
- H01H9/00—Details of switching devices, not covered by groups H01H1/00 - H01H7/00
- H01H9/10—Adaptation for built-in fuses
- H01H9/106—Adaptation for built-in fuses fuse and switch being connected in parallel
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01H—ELECTRIC SWITCHES; RELAYS; SELECTORS; EMERGENCY PROTECTIVE DEVICES
- H01H9/00—Details of switching devices, not covered by groups H01H1/00 - H01H7/00
- H01H9/54—Circuit arrangements not adapted to a particular application of the switching device and for which no provision exists elsewhere
- H01H9/541—Contacts shunted by semiconductor devices
- H01H9/542—Contacts shunted by static switch means
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01H—ELECTRIC SWITCHES; RELAYS; SELECTORS; EMERGENCY PROTECTIVE DEVICES
- H01H33/00—High-tension or heavy-current switches with arc-extinguishing or arc-preventing means
- H01H33/60—Switches wherein the means for extinguishing or preventing the arc do not include separate means for obtaining or increasing flow of arc-extinguishing fluid
- H01H33/66—Vacuum switches
- H01H33/664—Contacts; Arc-extinguishing means, e.g. arcing rings
- H01H2033/6648—Contacts containing flexible parts, e.g. to improve contact pressure
Definitions
- the invention relates to a switching device with a commutation current path.
- short circuits can occur if the insulation fails or for other reasons.
- the short circuit causes large currents to flow, which may... Can damage or destroy equipment in the energy supply network.
- the short-circuit current can increase to such an extent that the rated values of the existing equipment are exceeded.
- One way to prevent an unacceptably high short-circuit current is to use a current-limiting device, such as a current-limiting device.
- a current-limiting device such as a current-limiting device.
- the principle of these devices is to quickly switch off the short-circuit current in the event of a short circuit. This is achieved by separating functions. For normal operation, there is a rated current path that can be opened in the event of a short circuit. Parallel to the rated current path there is another current path (the commutation current path, parallel path) with a fuse that can switch off the short-circuit current.
- the rated current path In the event of a short circuit, the rated current path is opened, resulting in an arc. The arc voltage causes a complete commutation of the current into the parallel path. The fuse then trips, causing the arc to go out.
- the impedances of the parallel current path and the rated current path must be matched to enable commutation of the short-circuit current. In addition, may In nominal operation, the current through the fuse does not become too high so that the fuse does not trip prematurely.
- a high arc voltage is advantageous to support the commutation of the current from the rated current path into the parallel current path, which arises primarily when the rated current path is blown open, which is used in the prior art.
- a switching device with two isolating paths connected electrically in series is known.
- the publication discloses a switching device with a commutation current path, a first isolating path and a second isolating path, the first isolating path and the second isolating path forming an electrical series circuit which is arranged parallel to the commutation current path, the second isolating path having a first contact, a second Contact and a third contact, the first contact being designed as a moving contact tet and wherein the first contact is mounted movably from a galvanic first contacting position with the second contact to a second galvanic contacting position with the third contact, the second contact and the third contact are at an electrical potential, and the first contact is movable along a switching axis is stored.
- This known switching device must be comparatively precise, particularly with regard to the position of the third contact and the movement of the first contact from the first contacting position to the second contacting position, in order to enable a secure closing of the second isolating path in the second contacting position.
- the invention is based on the object of specifying a switching device and a method that can be manufactured inexpensively.
- a switching device with a commutation current path, a first isolating path and a second isolating path, the first isolating path and the second isolating path forming an electrical series circuit which is arranged parallel to the commutation current path, the second isolating path having a first contact, a second contact and a third contact, wherein the first contact is designed as a moving contact and wherein the first contact is movably mounted from a galvanic first contacting position with the second contact to a second galvanic contacting position with the third contact, the second contact and the third contact at an electrical potential (i.e.
- the contact force acts perpendicular to the direction of movement of the first contact.
- the contact force therefore acts perpendicular to the switching direction or to the switching axis. This advantageously means that no bouncing occurs between the first contact and the third contact when closing.
- no high accuracy requirements regarding the axial position of the third contact have to be met when manufacturing the switching device, since the radial contact force can be realized independently of the axial position of the third contact.
- the switching device can be designed so that
- the third contact is a clamping contact and the contact force is a (radially acting) clamping force.
- Such a clamping force may well allow axial movement between the first contact and the third contact.
- the clamping force can have a braking effect on the first contact.
- the clamping force can in particular brake the first contact in such a way that it comes to a standstill in the second galvanic contacting position.
- the switching device can be designed so that
- the third contact has resilient contact elements (in particular resilient in the radial direction). These resilient contact elements can advantageously achieve a clamping effect; They can also be referred to as resilient clamping elements.
- the switching device can be designed so that
- the third contact has a recess which at least partially accommodates the first contact in the second contacting position.
- the first contact and the third contact are designed such that at least a part of the first contact moves into the recess during the movement from the first contacting position to the second contacting position. This allows a compact design of the switching device to be achieved.
- the switching device can be designed so that
- the recess (in the direction of the switching axis) is designed to be essentially hollow, cylindrical. Such a recess can be manufactured relatively easily.
- the switching device can also be designed so that
- the recess and/or the first contact (in the direction of the switching axis) is conical. As a result, a clamping effect can advantageously be achieved between the third contact having the recess and the first contact.
- the switching device can be designed so that
- the second isolating section is a gas isolating section.
- a gas separation gap has a relatively large arc voltage when it is opened. This allows a comparatively large commutation voltage to be achieved. This means that the commutation of the current into the commutation current path occurs quickly.
- the switching device can be designed so that
- the second contact and the third contact of the second isolating path are resiliently mounted in the direction of the switching axis.
- the switching device can be designed so that - During a switching process, there is an intermediate state in which the contacts of the first isolating path are arranged in a galvanically contact-free manner and the contacts of the second isolating path are arranged in a galvanically contact-free manner.
- the switching device can be designed so that
- a switching arc occurs between the contacts of the first isolating gap and a switching arc occurs between the contacts of the second isolating gap.
- a switching arc occurs between the contacts of the first isolating path and between the contacts of the second isolating path, as a result of which a comparatively high arc voltage is present in the current path containing the two isolating paths, which is also referred to as the nominal current path.
- the high arc voltage leads to reliable commutation of the flowing electrical current from the rated current path into the commutation current path.
- the switching device can be designed so that
- the second isolating path which has a total of three contacts, is preferably designed such that the switching arc is present between the first and the second contact during the switching process.
- the switching device can be designed so that
- the commutation current path has a fuse and/or a semiconductor element.
- a semiconductor element can be, for example, an IGBT, a transistor, a diode or a MOSFET.
- a fuse can melt within a few milliseconds due to the high current that commutates into the commutation current path and thus interrupt the current flow very quickly.
- the switching device can be designed so that - the first isolating distance has a fixed contact and a moving contact, the moving contact is mounted so that it can move in translation along the switching axis, and when the first isolating distance is closed, a mechanical contact force acts between the moving contact and the fixed contact in the axial direction (with respect to the switching axis).
- the fixed contact can be resiliently mounted.
- the moving contact is in particular the contact driven by a drive.
- the switching device can be designed so that
- the first isolating section is a vacuum isolating section.
- the switching device can be designed so that
- the first isolating path is designed as a vacuum interrupter.
- the vacuum interrupter In contrast to the gas isolating path, the vacuum interrupter has the advantage that sufficient insulation can be built up with a relatively short contact stroke (and therefore in a short time).
- the switching device and the method have the same or similar properties and/or advantages.
- Figure 1 shows an exemplary embodiment of a switching device with a commutation current path in a closed state
- Figure 2 shows the switching device in a partially open intermediate state with switching arcs
- Figure 3 shows the switching device in an open state, and in
- Figure 4 shows an exemplary embodiment with a conical
- FIG. 1 An exemplary embodiment of a switching device 2 is shown in FIG. 1, which has a nominal current path 3 and a commutation current path 4.
- the nominal current path 3 passes through at least two isolating paths, a first isolating path 6 and a second isolating path 8.
- a fuse 36 is arranged in the commutation current path 4.
- a (particularly fast-switching) semiconductor element semiconductor switching element
- Parallel to the commutation current path 4 or Additional electrical elements can optionally be arranged parallel to the fuse 36 or to the semiconductor element.
- the first isolating path 6, which in this case is designed as a vacuum interrupter 10, has the property that, compared to conventional gas isolating paths, the vacuum interrupter 10 can be achieved with a very short switching stroke, which can also be achieved in a shorter time with a conventional drive 38 compared to a longer switching stroke a high level of insulation can be produced.
- a comparable gas isolation path would have to have a significantly longer stroke, which is why the switch-off time of such a switching device would be longer compared to the use of the vacuum interrupter 10.
- the second isolating section 8, which in this example is designed as a gas isolating section 22, has three contacts.
- a first contact 12 is designed as a movable contact.
- the first contact 12 is mounted in a translationally movable manner along a switching axis 24 by the drive 38, which also realizes the movement of the first isolating distance.
- the first isolating distance 6 and the second isolating distance 8 are designed to be rotationally symmetrical with respect to the switching axis 24;
- the switching axis 24 therefore also represents an axis of symmetry.
- the drive drives a switching rod 39 in a translational manner. This results in a translational drive movement 37.
- the drive 38 is designed such that it advantageously drives the first isolating path 6 and the second isolating path 8 together. In principle, however, two independent drives can also be used with other switching devices.
- the first contact 12 of the second isolating path 8 i.e. the gas isolating path 22, can be moved back and forth between the second contact 14 and the third contact 16.
- the first contact 12 rests on the second contact 14.
- the galvanic contact pairing between the first contact 12 and the second contact 14 of the second isolating path 8 also has a galvanic contact when the switching device 2 is closed, through which the rated current path 3 runs.
- a first mechanical contact force 48 occurs between the fixed contact 32 and the moving contact 34 of the first isolating path 6, which acts in the axial direction (with respect to the switching axis 24). runs.
- This first contact force causes the first isolating distance 6 to close securely.
- the first contact force 48 is from the Drive 38 generated.
- a suspension 44 of the first isolating section 6 brings about improved contact. In particular, the suspension 44 ensures that sufficient contact pressure can be achieved, which contributes to stronger galvanic contacting.
- a second mechanical contact force 50 occurs between the first contact 12 and the second contact 14 of the second isolating path 8, which acts in the axial direction (with respect to the switching axis 24). runs.
- This second contact force 50 causes a secure closing of the second isolating distance 8 in the first contacting position 18.
- the second contact force 50 is generated by the drive 38.
- a suspension 40 of the second isolating section 8 brings about improved contact. In particular, the suspension 40 ensures that sufficient contact pressure can be achieved, which contributes to stronger galvanic contacting.
- FIG. 2 An intermediate state 26 of the switching device 2 is shown in FIG. 2, which arises when the switching device 2 opens.
- the translational opening movement is carried out by the drive 38 along the switching axis 24.
- the first contact 12 of the second isolating distance 8 is located between the second contact 14 and the third contact 16.
- the intermediate state 26 is a dynamic state that ends in the state according to FIG.
- Figure 3 shows the open state of the switching device 2.
- the first isolating section 6 is open.
- the second isolating path 8 is located in a second galvanic contacting position 20.
- the second galvanic contacting position 20 occurs between the first contact 12 and the third contact 16.
- the first contact 12 of the second isolating distance 8 rests on the third contact 16.
- the second contact 14 and the third contact 16 are at the same electrical potential and are connected to a node of the rated current path 3.
- This means that the moving first contact is 12 the second isolating path 8 is at the same electrical potential as the second contact 14 and the third contact 16 both in the open and in the closed state of the switching device 2.
- the second isolating path 8 is therefore also closed in the second contacting position 20. This has the advantage that the first contact 12 (and also the moving contact 34) is at a defined electrical potential.
- a third mechanical contact force 52 occurs between the first contact 12 and the third contact 16 in the radial direction (with respect to the switching axis 24). This advantageously means that no bouncing occurs between the first contact 12 and the third contact 16 when closing. In addition, no special accuracy requirements regarding the axial position of the third contact 16 have to be met when manufacturing the switching device.
- the third contact 16 is a clamping contact in the exemplary embodiment;
- the third contact force 52 is a (radially acting) clamping force.
- the third contact 16 has resilient contact elements 56.
- the resilient contact elements 56 can be, for example, resilient contact plates.
- the contact elements 56 can spring in particular in the radial direction.
- the third contact 16 has a recess 54.
- the recess 54 accommodates a part of the first contact 12. This allows the switching device 2 to have a compact design.
- the recess 54 can be designed in various ways.
- the intermediate state 26 according to FIG a switching arc 28, 30 forms on the contacts.
- An arc 28 is formed between the fixed contact 32 (first contact 32) and the moving contact 34 (second contact 34) of the vacuum interrupter 10.
- a switching arc 30 correspondingly forms between the first contact 12 and the second contact 14 of the gas isolating gap 22.
- the two switching arcs 28 and 30 differ in particular in the level of the voltage dropped therein, i.e. the arc voltage.
- the arc voltage Unbo2 in the switching arc 30 in the gas separation gap 22 is higher than the arc voltage Unboi in the switching arc 28 in the vacuum switching tube 10. This is because 22 gas molecules are ionized in the gas separation section, which leads to a higher applied voltage.
- the arc voltage Unbo2 in the switching arc 30 in the gas separation gap 22 is at least equal to (or greater than) the arc voltage Unboi in the switching arc 28 in the vacuum interrupter 10.
- the higher arc voltage Unbo2 in the gas isolation path 22 leads to the commutation of the current from the nominal current path 3 into the commutation current path 4 being improved, so that safe commutation into the commutation current path 4 is guaranteed. If only the vacuum interrupter 10 were used in the rated current path 3, there would be a conflict of objectives between the highest possible impedance of the commutation current path 4 for normal operation and the lowest possible impedance of the commutation current path 4 for the short circuit case.
- the commutation of the current into the commutation current path 4 can also take place at a higher impedance of the commutation current path 4, which reduces the risk of the fuse 36 being accidentally triggered in normal operation.
- the suspension 44 is provided at the first separating section 6 and is shown in various deflections in FIGS. 1-3. So in Figure 1 the spring 44 is tensioned. In FIG. 2, the spring 44 is deflected in such a way that one end moves towards a stop 46. In Figure 3, the end of the spring 44 rests on the stop 46.
- the resilient mounting of the contacts means that the spring 44 presses the first contact 32, which is essentially designed as a fixed contact 32, against the movable second contact 34, which is in operative connection with the drive 38, in the closed state.
- the first contact 14 and the second contact 16 of the gas separation path 22 are also mounted in a translationally resilient manner along the switching axis 24 according to FIGS. 1-3.
- the spring 40 is provided, which is tensioned in the closed state of the second isolating path 8 according to FIG. In the intermediate state according to FIG. 2, the spring 40 is deflected so that one end moves towards a stop 42. In the open state according to FIG. 3, the end of the spring 40 rests on the stop 42. At this point, the first contact 12 is in a galvanic contact with the third contact 16.
- the recess 54 of the third contact 16 is essentially hollow cylindrical in the direction of the switching axis 24.
- FIG. 4 An exemplary embodiment is shown in FIG. 4, in which the recess 54 of the third contact 16 is essentially conical in the direction of the switching axis 24.
- the cone is shown exaggeratedly in the figure for better visibility.
- the first contact 12 can also be designed conically in the direction of the switching axis 24.
- the part of the first contact 12 that is used in the second contact ation position 20 is received by the recess 54 of the third contact 16, be designed conically in the direction of the switching axis 24.
- a switching device was described that can be manufactured inexpensively. This switching device advantageously has no bouncing when it reaches its open switching position.
Landscapes
- Arc-Extinguishing Devices That Are Switches (AREA)
- Driving Mechanisms And Operating Circuits Of Arc-Extinguishing High-Tension Switches (AREA)
- High-Tension Arc-Extinguishing Switches Without Spraying Means (AREA)
Abstract
Description
Claims
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| PCT/EP2022/071773 WO2024027907A1 (de) | 2022-08-03 | 2022-08-03 | Schaltgerät |
Publications (1)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| EP4540846A1 true EP4540846A1 (de) | 2025-04-23 |
Family
ID=83115540
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| EP22761127.4A Pending EP4540846A1 (de) | 2022-08-03 | 2022-08-03 | Schaltgerät |
Country Status (4)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| US (1) | US20260045431A1 (de) |
| EP (1) | EP4540846A1 (de) |
| CN (1) | CN119768883A (de) |
| WO (1) | WO2024027907A1 (de) |
Family Cites Families (4)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| JP2003007179A (ja) * | 2001-06-20 | 2003-01-10 | Mitsubishi Electric Corp | 真空バルブおよびそれを用いた電力用開閉装置 |
| EP2549503A1 (de) * | 2011-07-19 | 2013-01-23 | ABB Technology AG | Vakuumschalter mit integriertem Doppelspalt und Einzelantrieb |
| EP3671794B1 (de) * | 2018-12-20 | 2023-02-08 | ABB Schweiz AG | Mittelspannungsschaltpol |
| DE102020205784A1 (de) | 2020-03-31 | 2021-09-30 | Siemens Aktiengesellschaft | Schaltgerät mit Kommutierungsstrompfad |
-
2022
- 2022-08-03 EP EP22761127.4A patent/EP4540846A1/de active Pending
- 2022-08-03 CN CN202280098569.9A patent/CN119768883A/zh active Pending
- 2022-08-03 WO PCT/EP2022/071773 patent/WO2024027907A1/de not_active Ceased
- 2022-08-03 US US19/100,393 patent/US20260045431A1/en active Pending
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| US20260045431A1 (en) | 2026-02-12 |
| CN119768883A (zh) | 2025-04-04 |
| WO2024027907A1 (de) | 2024-02-08 |
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