EP4536284A1 - Microbulles lipidiques pour la delivrance ciblee d'actifs - Google Patents
Microbulles lipidiques pour la delivrance ciblee d'actifsInfo
- Publication number
- EP4536284A1 EP4536284A1 EP23736165.4A EP23736165A EP4536284A1 EP 4536284 A1 EP4536284 A1 EP 4536284A1 EP 23736165 A EP23736165 A EP 23736165A EP 4536284 A1 EP4536284 A1 EP 4536284A1
- Authority
- EP
- European Patent Office
- Prior art keywords
- agent
- microbubble
- microbubbles
- combination
- chosen
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Pending
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Classifications
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61K—PREPARATIONS FOR MEDICAL, DENTAL OR TOILETRY PURPOSES
- A61K47/00—Medicinal preparations characterised by the non-active ingredients used, e.g. carriers or inert additives; Targeting or modifying agents chemically bound to the active ingredient
- A61K47/50—Medicinal preparations characterised by the non-active ingredients used, e.g. carriers or inert additives; Targeting or modifying agents chemically bound to the active ingredient the non-active ingredient being chemically bound to the active ingredient, e.g. polymer-drug conjugates
- A61K47/69—Medicinal preparations characterised by the non-active ingredients used, e.g. carriers or inert additives; Targeting or modifying agents chemically bound to the active ingredient the non-active ingredient being chemically bound to the active ingredient, e.g. polymer-drug conjugates the conjugate being characterised by physical or galenical forms, e.g. emulsion, particle, inclusion complex, stent or kit
- A61K47/6921—Medicinal preparations characterised by the non-active ingredients used, e.g. carriers or inert additives; Targeting or modifying agents chemically bound to the active ingredient the non-active ingredient being chemically bound to the active ingredient, e.g. polymer-drug conjugates the conjugate being characterised by physical or galenical forms, e.g. emulsion, particle, inclusion complex, stent or kit the form being a particulate, a powder, an adsorbate, a bead or a sphere
- A61K47/6925—Medicinal preparations characterised by the non-active ingredients used, e.g. carriers or inert additives; Targeting or modifying agents chemically bound to the active ingredient the non-active ingredient being chemically bound to the active ingredient, e.g. polymer-drug conjugates the conjugate being characterised by physical or galenical forms, e.g. emulsion, particle, inclusion complex, stent or kit the form being a particulate, a powder, an adsorbate, a bead or a sphere the form being a microcapsule, nanocapsule, microbubble or nanobubble
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61K—PREPARATIONS FOR MEDICAL, DENTAL OR TOILETRY PURPOSES
- A61K31/00—Medicinal preparations containing organic active ingredients
- A61K31/33—Heterocyclic compounds
- A61K31/335—Heterocyclic compounds having oxygen as the only ring hetero atom, e.g. fungichromin
- A61K31/337—Heterocyclic compounds having oxygen as the only ring hetero atom, e.g. fungichromin having four-membered rings, e.g. taxol
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61K—PREPARATIONS FOR MEDICAL, DENTAL OR TOILETRY PURPOSES
- A61K41/00—Medicinal preparations obtained by treating materials with wave energy or particle radiation ; Therapies using these preparations
- A61K41/0023—Aggression treatment or altering
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61K—PREPARATIONS FOR MEDICAL, DENTAL OR TOILETRY PURPOSES
- A61K41/00—Medicinal preparations obtained by treating materials with wave energy or particle radiation ; Therapies using these preparations
- A61K41/0028—Disruption, e.g. by heat or ultrasounds, sonophysical or sonochemical activation, e.g. thermosensitive or heat-sensitive liposomes, disruption of calculi with a medicinal preparation and ultrasounds
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61K—PREPARATIONS FOR MEDICAL, DENTAL OR TOILETRY PURPOSES
- A61K47/00—Medicinal preparations characterised by the non-active ingredients used, e.g. carriers or inert additives; Targeting or modifying agents chemically bound to the active ingredient
- A61K47/50—Medicinal preparations characterised by the non-active ingredients used, e.g. carriers or inert additives; Targeting or modifying agents chemically bound to the active ingredient the non-active ingredient being chemically bound to the active ingredient, e.g. polymer-drug conjugates
- A61K47/51—Medicinal preparations characterised by the non-active ingredients used, e.g. carriers or inert additives; Targeting or modifying agents chemically bound to the active ingredient the non-active ingredient being chemically bound to the active ingredient, e.g. polymer-drug conjugates the non-active ingredient being a modifying agent
- A61K47/54—Medicinal preparations characterised by the non-active ingredients used, e.g. carriers or inert additives; Targeting or modifying agents chemically bound to the active ingredient the non-active ingredient being chemically bound to the active ingredient, e.g. polymer-drug conjugates the non-active ingredient being a modifying agent the modifying agent being an organic compound
- A61K47/543—Lipids, e.g. triglycerides; Polyamines, e.g. spermine or spermidine
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61K—PREPARATIONS FOR MEDICAL, DENTAL OR TOILETRY PURPOSES
- A61K47/00—Medicinal preparations characterised by the non-active ingredients used, e.g. carriers or inert additives; Targeting or modifying agents chemically bound to the active ingredient
- A61K47/50—Medicinal preparations characterised by the non-active ingredients used, e.g. carriers or inert additives; Targeting or modifying agents chemically bound to the active ingredient the non-active ingredient being chemically bound to the active ingredient, e.g. polymer-drug conjugates
- A61K47/51—Medicinal preparations characterised by the non-active ingredients used, e.g. carriers or inert additives; Targeting or modifying agents chemically bound to the active ingredient the non-active ingredient being chemically bound to the active ingredient, e.g. polymer-drug conjugates the non-active ingredient being a modifying agent
- A61K47/56—Medicinal preparations characterised by the non-active ingredients used, e.g. carriers or inert additives; Targeting or modifying agents chemically bound to the active ingredient the non-active ingredient being chemically bound to the active ingredient, e.g. polymer-drug conjugates the non-active ingredient being a modifying agent the modifying agent being an organic macromolecular compound, e.g. an oligomeric, polymeric or dendrimeric molecule
- A61K47/59—Medicinal preparations characterised by the non-active ingredients used, e.g. carriers or inert additives; Targeting or modifying agents chemically bound to the active ingredient the non-active ingredient being chemically bound to the active ingredient, e.g. polymer-drug conjugates the non-active ingredient being a modifying agent the modifying agent being an organic macromolecular compound, e.g. an oligomeric, polymeric or dendrimeric molecule obtained otherwise than by reactions only involving carbon-to-carbon unsaturated bonds, e.g. polyureas or polyurethanes
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61K—PREPARATIONS FOR MEDICAL, DENTAL OR TOILETRY PURPOSES
- A61K48/00—Medicinal preparations containing genetic material which is inserted into cells of the living body to treat genetic diseases; Gene therapy
- A61K48/0008—Medicinal preparations containing genetic material which is inserted into cells of the living body to treat genetic diseases; Gene therapy characterised by an aspect of the 'non-active' part of the composition delivered, e.g. wherein such 'non-active' part is not delivered simultaneously with the 'active' part of the composition
- A61K48/0025—Medicinal preparations containing genetic material which is inserted into cells of the living body to treat genetic diseases; Gene therapy characterised by an aspect of the 'non-active' part of the composition delivered, e.g. wherein such 'non-active' part is not delivered simultaneously with the 'active' part of the composition wherein the non-active part clearly interacts with the delivered nucleic acid
- A61K48/0041—Medicinal preparations containing genetic material which is inserted into cells of the living body to treat genetic diseases; Gene therapy characterised by an aspect of the 'non-active' part of the composition delivered, e.g. wherein such 'non-active' part is not delivered simultaneously with the 'active' part of the composition wherein the non-active part clearly interacts with the delivered nucleic acid the non-active part being polymeric
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61P—SPECIFIC THERAPEUTIC ACTIVITY OF CHEMICAL COMPOUNDS OR MEDICINAL PREPARATIONS
- A61P35/00—Antineoplastic agents
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C12—BIOCHEMISTRY; BEER; SPIRITS; WINE; VINEGAR; MICROBIOLOGY; ENZYMOLOGY; MUTATION OR GENETIC ENGINEERING
- C12N—MICROORGANISMS OR ENZYMES; COMPOSITIONS THEREOF; PROPAGATING, PRESERVING, OR MAINTAINING MICROORGANISMS; MUTATION OR GENETIC ENGINEERING; CULTURE MEDIA
- C12N15/00—Mutation or genetic engineering; DNA or RNA concerning genetic engineering, vectors, e.g. plasmids, or their isolation, preparation or purification; Use of hosts therefor
- C12N15/09—Recombinant DNA-technology
- C12N15/87—Introduction of foreign genetic material using processes not otherwise provided for, e.g. co-transformation
Definitions
- TITLE LIPID MICROBUBLES FOR TARGETED DELIVERY OF ACTIVE ACTIVE ACTIVES
- the present invention falls within the field of targeted delivery of active ingredients, for therapy and/or marking, as well as in the field of microbubbles, in particular functionalized microbubbles.
- the present invention relates in particular to optimized microbubbles, in particular lipid microbubbles, which can be used in the prevention and treatment of diseases or even marking.
- the invention relates in particular to a lipid microbubble, comprising at least one cationic compound chosen from lipophosphoramidates, histidylated polyethylenimines, and any mixture thereof.
- the microbubble preferably further comprising at least one agent chosen from a therapeutic agent, a targeting agent, a marking agent, and any combination thereof.
- the invention further relates to a method for producing this microbubble.
- the present invention also relates to a composition, in particular a pharmaceutical composition, and a kit, comprising at least one of these microbubbles.
- the present invention further relates to the use of these microbubbles, composition, kit, as a medicine or as a marking agent.
- microbubbles can also serve as a vector for therapeutic purposes. Indeed, thanks to the great diversity of molecules that can make up the envelope, it is possible to encapsulate drugs or complex nucleic acids.
- the MBs used as vectors have a functionalizable lipid envelope, allowing either the therapeutic molecules to be embedded between the lipids, or to dissolve them in a drop of oil inside the envelope.
- cationic lipids it is possible to complex nucleic acids through electrostatic interactions.
- Other lipids can also be used to serve as attachments to nanoparticles or antibodies, using streptavidin-biotin interactions or be functionalized in order to carry out click chemistry.
- microbubbles represent a promising system.
- Fan et al., 2016, produced MBs composed of folate and complexing nucleic acids with the aim of targeted transfection in the brain.
- cationic microbubbles are based on the use of DSTAP or DPTAP lipids, using a tri methyl ammonium function as a cationic charge for complexation.
- the main disadvantage of these formulations is that they are not effective enough to be used in gene therapy protocols. Additionally, it turns out that these formulations are toxic.
- microbubbles capable of efficiently and targetedly delivering therapeutic agents, such as nucleic acids, to specific organs and even cells.
- the present invention makes it possible to meet this need, by describing microbubbles based on new cationic formulations whose advantages are as follows:
- the microbubbles developed by the present inventors have the capacity to transport drugs, in particular nucleic acids, stably in the blood circulation; to actively cross the blood-brain barrier; to deliver drugs in a targeted manner, particularly towards antigens of interest.
- the technology developed here makes it possible to transiently open the BBB and effectively deliver nucleic acid type active ingredients to through it. It also makes it possible to permeabilize the vessels, in order to deliver molecules of interest.
- the inventors have developed innovative microbubbles, in particular innovative lipid microbubbles, capable of transporting drugs, in particular nucleic acids, stably in the blood circulation; to actively cross the blood-brain barrier (BBB); and to deliver drugs in a targeted manner, particularly towards antigens of interest.
- innovative microbubbles in particular innovative lipid microbubbles, capable of transporting drugs, in particular nucleic acids, stably in the blood circulation; to actively cross the blood-brain barrier (BBB); and to deliver drugs in a targeted manner, particularly towards antigens of interest.
- the inventors have notably shown that, surprisingly, the lipid microbubbles thus developed have significantly improved stability, unlike the microbubbles described in the prior art.
- the data also reveal that these optimized microbubbles are capable of delivering agents of interest, notably nucleic acids, more efficiently than the microbubbles described in the prior art.
- These microbubbles are notably capable of crossing the vessels, as well as the BBB, or even the tumor microenvironment, in an active manner.
- the inventors have also demonstrated that the localized application of ultrasound makes it possible to target these optimized microbubbles very precisely towards the area to be treated, including very difficult to access areas such as the central nervous system, the vessels, and the tumor microenvironment.
- the present invention therefore provides both powerful and broad-spectrum treatment methods for pathologies, as well as effective and reliable diagnostic methods.
- the present invention relates in particular to lipid microbubbles, which can be used both in the prevention and treatment of pathologies, and in detection and imaging, particularly medical.
- the present invention relates in particular to a lipid microbubble, comprising at least one cationic compound chosen from lipophosphoramidates, histidylated polyethylenimines, and any mixture thereof.
- the present invention also relates to a pharmaceutical composition
- a pharmaceutical composition comprising at least one microbubble as defined above, and, optionally, a pharmaceutically acceptable excipient, the concentration of microbubbles in the composition preferably ranging from 10 6 to 10 14 microbubbles/ml, more preferably 10 7 to 10 13 microbubbles/ml, more preferably 10 8 to 10 12 microbubbles/ml, more preferably 10 9 to 10 11 microbubbles/ml, more preferably the microbubble concentration in the composition being approximately 10 10 microbubbles/ml.
- the present invention also relates to a kit, comprising: a) at least one microbubble as defined above, in a first container; b) at least one therapeutic agent, in a second container; c) optionally, at least one targeting agent in a third container; d) optionally, at least one marking agent in a fourth container; e) optionally, instructions for preparation and/or use; the therapeutic agent and/or the targeting agent and/or the marking agent being preferably chosen from:
- a chemotherapeutic agent such as a cytotoxic agent and/or a cytostatic agent
- a nanoparticle preferably comprising at least one agent chosen from a therapeutic agent, a targeting agent, a marking agent, and any combination thereof;
- the present invention relates to a microbubble, a pharmaceutical composition, or a kit, as defined above, for its use as a medication or as a marking agent.
- the present invention relates to a method for producing at least one microbubble as defined above, comprising the following steps: a) Mixture, in a container, of cationic compounds chosen from lipophosphoramidates, histidylated polyethylenimines, and any mixtures thereof; ethanol; and optionally at least one agent chosen from a therapeutic agent, a targeting agent, a marking agent, and any combination thereof; b) Evaporation of the mixture obtained in step a) to obtain a lipid film and rehydration of the lipid film to form a liposomal suspension; the entirety of this step can also be carried out by microfluidics; c) Lyophilization of the liposomal suspension obtained in step b); d) Replacement of the air contained in the container containing the lyophilisate obtained in step c), with a biocompatible gas, the gas being preferably chosen from a perfluorobutane (C4F10), a perfluoropropane (C3
- microbubble designates a bubble whose diameter ranges from approximately one micrometer to several tens of micrometers (up to approximately one hundred micrometers), generally from approximately one micrometer to around ten micrometers.
- a microbubble includes a shell surrounding a filler material.
- the envelope may consist of lipids, proteins, sugars, ionic compounds, or mixtures thereof. In the case of an envelope made up of lipids or essentially made up of lipids, we speak of a lipid microbubble.
- Cationic compounds such as lipophosphoramidates, histidylated polyethylenimines, and any mixtures thereof; and or lipids, in particular chosen from the group consisting of a dimyristoyl-glycero-phosphocholine, a distearoyl-glycero-phosphocholine, a dimyristoyl-glycero-phosphoethanolamine-polyethylene glycol, a distearoyl-glycero-phosphoethanolamine-polyethylene glycol 2000, a distearoyl-glycero- phosphoethanolamine-[biotinyl(polyethylene glycol)], cholesterol, beta-sitosterol, 1,2-dioleoyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphoethanolamine (DOPE), 1-oleoyl-2-[6-[(7- nitro-2-1,3-benzoxadiazol-4-yl)amino]hexanoyl]-3-trimethylammonium propane (DOTAP),
- the microbubble filling material may in particular be a gas of any type.
- the filling gas is advantageously biocompatible (i.e. it is well tolerated by a living organism).
- the filling gas can in particular be chosen from a perfluorobutane (C4F10), a perfluoropropane (C3F8), dinitrogen (N2), a sulfur hexafluoride (SF6), a nitrogen oxide (NO), hydrogen, dioxygen , helium, xenon, argon, nitrous oxide (N20), and any mixture thereof.
- lipid microbubble we mean a microbubble whose envelope is essentially made up of lipids, or is made up of lipids.
- envelope essentially consisting of lipids here mean an envelope comprising 55% lipids or more, preferably 60% lipids or more, preferably 70% lipids or more, preferably 80% lipids or more, preferably 90% lipid or more, preferably 91% lipid or more, preferably 92% lipid or more, preferably 93% lipid or more, preferably 94% lipid or more, preferably 95% lipid or more more, preferably 96% lipids or more, preferably 97% lipids or more, preferably 98% lipids or more, more preferably 99% lipids or more, the percentage being expressed as mass of lipids relative to the total mass of the envelope.
- the lipid microbubble comprises at least one cationic compound, in particular a cationic lipid or a lipid coupled to at least one cationic polymer.
- the envelope of the lipid microbubble may comprise a cationic lipid or a lipid coupled to at least one cationic polymer, or consist essentially of cationic lipids or lipids coupled to at least one cationic polymer, or consist of cationic lipids and/or into lipids coupled to at least one cationic polymer.
- the envelope comprises cationic lipids and/or lipids coupled to at least one cationic polymer, and fusogenic lipids.
- the lipid envelope of the microbubble comprises from 2 to 50% of cationic lipids, preferably at least 2% of cationic lipids, preferably at least 10% of cationic lipids, preferably at least 20% of cationic lipids, preferably at least 30% cationic lipids, preferably at least 40% cationic lipids, preferably 50% cationic lipids, the percentage being expressed in moles of cationic lipids relative to the number of moles of total lipids constituting the envelope.
- cationic compound is meant a compound comprising at least one cation and whose overall charge in solution is positive.
- cationic lipid we therefore mean a lipid comprising at least one cation and whose overall charge in solution is positive.
- lipophosphoramidate we mean a bioinspired amphiphilic phospholipid which carries a cationic charge on its polar head.
- Lipophosphoramidates include in particular dimyristoyl phosphoramidates (such as dimyristoyl bromide phosphoramidates, and dimyristoyl histamine phosphoramidates), dioleyl phosphoramidates (such as dioleyl methylimidazolium phosphoramidates), dipalmitoyl phosphoramidates, and disteraoyl phosphoramidates.
- dimyristoyl phosphoramidates such as dimyristoyl bromide phosphoramidates, and dimyristoyl histamine phosphoramidates
- dioleyl phosphoramidates such as dioleyl methylimidazolium phosphoramidates
- dipalmitoyl phosphoramidates dipalmitoyl phosphoramidates
- disteraoyl phosphoramidates include in particular dimyristoyl phosphoramidates (such as dimyristoyl bromide
- polyethylenimine or “polyethyleneimine”, or “PEI”, or “polyaziridine” is meant an organic polymer of chemical formula H[CH2-CH2-NH-] n H.
- histidylated polyethylenimine is meant a polyethylenimine comprising at least one histidyl group.
- the histidylated polyethylenimine used to form the microbubble is coupled to a fatty acid.
- fatty acids which can be coupled to a histidylated polyethylenimine include in particular stearic acid, myristic acid, palmitic acid, oleic acid, and any combination thereof.
- compound/agent exposed to the surface of the microbubble is meant a compound or an agent conjugated/coupled/bound to the external surface of the microbubble (for example conjugated/coupled/bound to the envelope of the microbubble) and in contact with the environment outside the microbubble.
- compound/agent embedded in the lipid envelope of the microbubble we mean a compound or an agent partially or totally integrated/incorporated into the layer of compounds (in particular lipids) forming the envelope of the microbubble.
- a compound or an agent fully integrated/incorporated into the envelope is only in contact with the compounds (in particular lipids) forming the envelope of the microbubble: in this case, the compound or the agent does not is therefore in contact neither with the external environment nor with the internal environment, with the microbubble.
- a compound or an agent partially integrated/incorporated into the envelope can, however, be either with the environment outside the microbubble, or with the interior environment of the microbubble, or both with the exterior environment and with the interior environment of the microbubble. microbubble (“crossing” compound).
- compound/agent incorporated inside the microbubble we mean a compound or an agent located in the interior environment of the microbubble (that is to say in the environment/cavity formed by the 'envelope of the microbubble). This compound or agent may be in contact with the internal surface of the microbubble (for example with the internal surface of the microbubble envelope). It can in particular be conjugated/coupled/linked to the internal surface of the microbubble (for example to the internal surface of the envelope of the microbubble).
- therapeutic agent or “therapeutic compound”, we mean any agent or any compound or any molecule presented as having curative or preventive properties with regard to human or animal pathologies or diseases.
- a therapeutic agent or therapeutic compound therefore includes any agent or compound that can be used in or administered to humans or animals for the purpose of establishing a medical diagnosis or restoring, correcting or modifying their physiological functions in exerting a pharmacological, immunological and/or metabolic action.
- the therapeutic agent can therefore be a pharmacological agent.
- the therapeutic agent or compound can be of any nature or type and does not depend on its origin.
- the therapeutic agent may be chemically synthesized, naturally occurring, produced recombinantly (and optionally purified), or designed and produced synthetically. It may in particular be a small molecule, a nucleic acid, a peptide (including a post-translationally modified peptide), a polypeptide (including a post-translationally modified polypeptide ), a protein (including a post-translationally modified protein), a chemical compound, an anticancer chemotherapy agent (such as a cytostatic or cytological agent), an antibody, a toxin, an antigen, a hormone, an enzyme, a ligand, a receptor, an antiviral compound, an antibiotic compound, an antifungal compound, a compound antibacterial, a nanoparticle, or any fragment thereof (preferably a functionally active fragment), or any derivative thereof (preferably a functionally active derivative), such as a peptidomimetic, a mimetic
- the therapeutic agent or compound may for example comprise, or consist essentially of, or consist of, a nucleic acid, a lipid-soluble active ingredient, a chemotherapeutic agent (such as a cytotoxic agent and/or a cytostatic agent), a antibody, an antibody derivative, a functional fragment of an antibody or its derivative, a protein (including a post-translationally modified protein), a protein fragment (such as a peptide, an antigen, an epitope , a functional protein domain, and any combination thereof; including a post-translationally modified protein fragment), a nanoparticle, etc.
- a chemotherapeutic agent such as a cytotoxic agent and/or a cytostatic agent
- a antibody an antibody derivative, a functional fragment of an antibody or its derivative
- a protein including a post-translationally modified protein
- a protein fragment such as a peptide, an antigen, an epitope , a functional protein domain, and any combination thereof; including a post-translation
- targeting agent or “targeting compound”
- binding agent we mean any agent or any compound or any molecule presented as being capable of recognizing and/or binding to another molecule (called “target molecule”), preferably in a specific way. These terms therefore also include “binding agents” or “binding compounds”.
- binding agents or “binding compounds” designate any agent or any compound or any molecule capable of binding to another molecule (called “target molecule”), said bond preferably being a specific bond.
- the targeting/binding agent recognizes a site, domain, region, pocket, epitope, spatial pattern, conformation, chemical moiety, or any combination thereof. here, defined of the target molecule.
- the targeting/binding agent can be of any nature or type and does not depend on its origin.
- the targeting/binding agent may be chemically synthesized, naturally occurring, recombinantly produced (and optionally purified), or synthetically designed and produced.
- It may in particular be a small molecule, a nucleic acid, a peptide (including a post-translationally modified peptide), a polypeptide (including a post-translationally modified polypeptide ), a protein (including a post-translationally modified protein), a chemical compound, an antibody, a toxin, an antigen, an epitope, a hormone, of an enzyme, a ligand, a receptor, a nanoparticle, or any fragment thereof (preferably a functionally active fragment), or any derivative thereof (preferably a derivative functionally active), such as a peptidomimetic, a mimetic antibody, a chemical derivative, among others, etc.
- the targeting/binding agent may for example comprise, or consist essentially of, or consist of, a nucleic acid, a lipid-soluble active ingredient, a chemotherapeutic agent (such as a cytotoxic agent and/or a cytostatic agent), a antibody, an antibody derivative, a functional fragment of an antibody or its derivative, a protein (including a post-translationally modified protein), a protein fragment (such as a peptide, an antigen, an epitope , a functional protein domain, and any combination thereof; including a post-translationally modified protein fragment), a nanoparticle, etc.
- a chemotherapeutic agent such as a cytotoxic agent and/or a cytostatic agent
- a chemotherapeutic agent such as a cytotoxic agent and/or a cytostatic agent
- a chemotherapeutic agent such as a cytotoxic agent and/or a cytostatic agent
- a chemotherapeutic agent such as a cytotoxic agent and/or
- the target molecule can be of any nature or type and does not depend on its origin.
- the target molecule may in particular be a pathogen (such as a virus, a bacteria, a parasite, etc.) or a fragment thereof (for example a nucleic acid, a protein, a polypeptide, a peptide, an epitope , a lipid, a sugar, etc.).
- marking agent or “marker” is meant any agent or any compound or any molecule presented as being capable of marking another molecule (preferably in a specific manner) and of being detected by any means.
- the means of detecting the marking agent are well known to those skilled in the art, who is fully capable of selecting the appropriate technique depending on the marking agent used.
- the means of detecting the marking agent include in particular the following techniques, but are not limited to: optical detection techniques (such as techniques using fluorescence, absorbance, diffraction, light scattering, interferometry, reflectometry, ellipsometry, surface plasmon resonance (SPR), spectroscopy, magnetic particles, etc.), mechanical detection techniques (such as techniques using microbalances, micro beams, etc.). ), electrical detection techniques (such as techniques using electrodes, electrical sensors, etc.).
- the marking agent can therefore be a contrast agent.
- the marking agent can be of any nature or type and does not depend on its origin.
- the targeting/binding agent may be chemically synthesized, naturally occurring, recombinantly produced (and optionally purified), or synthetically designed and produced. It may in particular be a small molecule, a nucleic acid, a peptide (including a peptide modified in a post-translational manner), a polypeptide (including a polypeptide modified by post-translationally), a protein (including a post-translationally modified protein), a chemical compound, an antibody, a toxin, an antigen, an epitope, 'a hormone, an enzyme, a ligand, a receptor, a nanoparticle, or any fragment thereof (preferably a functionally active fragment), or any derivative thereof ( preferably a functionally active derivative), such as a peptidomimetic, an antibody mimetic, a chemical derivative, among others, etc.
- the marking agent may for example comprise, or consist essentially of, or consist of, a nucleic acid, a lipid-soluble active ingredient, a chemotherapeutic agent (such as a cytotoxic agent and/or a cytostatic agent), an antibody, an antibody derivative, a functional fragment of an antibody or its derivative, a protein (including a post-translationally modified protein), a protein fragment (such as a peptide, an antigen, an epitope, a protein functional domain, and any combination thereof; including a post-translationally modified protein fragment), a nanoparticle, etc.
- a chemotherapeutic agent such as a cytotoxic agent and/or a cytostatic agent
- an antibody an antibody derivative, a functional fragment of an antibody or its derivative
- a protein including a post-translationally modified protein
- a protein fragment such as a peptide, an antigen, an epitope, a protein functional domain, and any combination thereof; including a post-translationally modified protein fragment
- the labeling agent may for example comprise, or consist essentially of, or consist of a fluorophore (for example fluorescein or luciferase), a fluorescent protein/polypeptide/peptide (for example GFP and its variants, such as RFP, CFP, YFP, etc.), a radioisotope (in particular suitable for scintigraphy, for example 99m Tc), a label recognizable by an antibody (for example protein c- Myc or a polyhistidine tag), an affinity tag (e.g. biotin, streptavidin, etc.), an enzyme (e.g. horseradish peroxidase), a contrast agent, a peptide tag (“peptide tag” in English), etc.
- a fluorophore for example fluorescein or luciferase
- a fluorescent protein/polypeptide/peptide for example GFP and its variants, such as RFP, CFP, YFP, etc.
- a radioisotope in
- derivative generally refers to a component or species (protein, antibody, protein fragment, polypeptide, polynucleotide, oligonucleotide, nucleoside, nucleotide, vector, virus, etc.) exhibiting one or more modifications compared to a reference component (e.g. the wild-type component as found in nature as originally identified, i.e. the "original” corresponding component called the original component) .
- a derivative may in particular be a fragment, a part, a variant, a mutant, a synthetic version (for example manufactured, in particular in vitro), a mimetic, or a combination of these, of the component or of the species of origin.
- variant can be used interchangeably to generally refer to a component or species (protein, antibody, protein fragment, polypeptide, polynucleotide, oligonucleotide, nucleoside, nucleotide, vector, virus, etc. ) exhibiting one or more modifications relative to a reference component (e.g., the wild-type component as found in nature as originally identified, i.e. the corresponding "original” component called the original component).
- a nucleotide or nucleoside variant may have a modified base and/or a modified sugar and/or a modified bond.
- any modification may be contemplated, including substitution, insertion, deletion, and any combination thereof, of one or more nucleotide residues. /amino acids.
- the variant may be of natural or artificial origin (e.g., mutated and/or manufactured). When several mutations are considered, they may concern consecutive residues and/or non-consecutive residues.
- variants e.g., respectively, protein variants, peptide variants, antibody variants, virus variants, etc.
- the reference component e.g., respectively, the corresponding "original” protein, the corresponding "original” protein fragment, the corresponding "original” polynucleotide.
- “at least 80% identity” means 80%, 81%, 82%, 83%, 84%, 85%, 86%, 87%, 88%, 89%, 90%, 91 %, 92%, 93%, 94%, 95%, 96%, 97%, 98% or 99%.
- an identity of at least 80% also encompasses an identity of 100%.
- “functional fragment”, or “functionally active fragment”, we mean any fragment of a molecule, of an agent, of a species, of a compound, presenting at least one of the original functions of the molecule, of the agent, of the species, of the compound, from which said fragment comes.
- the functional fragment performs said function with an efficiency equal to at least 30% of that of said peptide or said protein, preferably at least 40%, preferably at least 45%, preferably at least 50%, preferably at least 55%, preferably at least 60%, preferably at least 65%, preferably at least 70%, preferably at least 75%, preferably at least 80%, preferably at least 85%, preferably at least least 90%, preferably at least 91%, preferably at least 92%, preferably at least 93%, preferably at least 94%, preferably at least 95%, preferably at least 96%, preferably at least 97%, preferably at least 98%, preferably at least 99%, preferably at least 100% of the effectiveness of said molecule, of said agent, of said species, of said compound, from which said fragment is derived.
- identity or “sequence identity” is meant an exact sequence match between two polypeptides or amino acids, or between two nucleic acid molecules or oligonucleotides.
- identity percentages to which reference is made in the context of the presentation of the present invention are determined after optimal overall alignment of the sequences to be compared, which may therefore include one or more additions, deletions, truncations and/or substitutions. This identity percentage can be calculated by any sequence analysis method well known to those skilled in the art. The percentage of identity is determined after global alignment of the sequences to be compared taken in their entirety, over their entire length. In addition to manually, it is possible to determine the overall sequence alignment using the Needleman and Wunsch (1970) algorithm.
- the comparison of the sequences can be carried out using any software well known to those skilled in the art, such as for example the Needle software.
- the parameters used may in particular be the following: “Gap Open” equal to 10.0, “Gap Extend” equal to 0.5 and the EDNAFULL matrix (EMBOSS version of NCBI NUC4.4).
- the comparison of the sequences can be carried out using any software well known to those skilled in the art, such as for example the Needle software.
- the settings used may in particular be the following: “Gap Open” equal to 10.0, “Gap Extend” equal to 0.5 and the BLOSUM62 matrix.
- sequence identity represents in particular 80%, 81%, 82%, 83%, 84%, 85%, 86%, 87%, 88% , 89%, 90%, 91%, 92%, 93%, 94%, 95%, 96%, 97%, 98%, 99% or 100% sequence identity.
- nucleotide refers to a polymeric or oligomeric macromolecule consisting of nucleotide monomers (preferably at least 5 nucleotide monomers, also called nucleotide residues). Nucleotide monomers are composed of a nucleobase, a five-carbon sugar (such as, but not limited to, ribose or 2'-deoxyribose), and one to three phosphate groups. Typically, a polynucleotide is formed by phosphodiester bonds between individual nucleotide monomers.
- Nucleic acid molecules include, but are not limited to, ribonucleic acid (RNA), deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA), and mixtures thereof, such as RNA-DNA hybrids (mixed polyribo-polydeoxyribonucleotides). These terms encompass single or double stranded, linear or circular, natural or synthetic, unmodified or modified versions thereof (e.g., genetically modified polynucleotides; optimized polynucleotides), sense or antisense polynucleotides, chimeric mixture (e.g., hybrids RNA-DNA). Additionally, a polynucleotide may include nucleotides of non-natural origin and may be interrupted by non-nucleotide components.
- DNA nucleic acids include, without limitation, complementary DNA (cDNA), genomic DNA, plasmid DNA, vector DNA, viral DNA (e.g., viral genomes, viral vectors), oligonucleotides, probes, primers, satellite DNA, microsatellite DNA, coding DNA, non-coding DNA, antisense DNA, and any mixture thereof.
- cDNA complementary DNA
- genomic DNA genomic DNA
- plasmid DNA vector DNA
- viral DNA e.g., viral genomes, viral vectors
- oligonucleotides e.g., probes, primers
- satellite DNA e.g., microsatellite DNA
- coding DNA e.g., non-coding DNA, antisense DNA, and any mixture thereof.
- RNA nucleic acids include, but are not limited to, messenger RNA (mRNA), precursor messenger RNA (pre-mRNA), small interfering RNA (siRNA), short hairpin RNA (cRNA), microRNA (miRNA), vector RNA, viral RNA, guide RNA (gRNA), antisense RNA, coding RNA, non-coding RNA, antisense RNA, satellite RNA, cytoplasmic small RNA, nuclear small RNA, etc.
- mRNA messenger RNA
- pre-mRNA precursor messenger RNA
- siRNA small interfering RNA
- cRNA short hairpin RNA
- miRNA microRNA
- vector RNA viral RNA
- guide RNA guide RNA
- antisense RNA antisense RNA
- coding RNA non-coding RNA
- antisense RNA satellite RNA
- cytoplasmic small RNA nuclear small RNA, etc.
- the polynucleotides described herein may be synthesized by standard methods known in the art, for example using an
- Nucleic acids can for example be synthesized chemically, for example using the phosphotriester method (see, for example, Uhlmann, E. & Peyman, A. (1990) Chemical Reviews, 90, 543-584).
- the nucleic acid may comprise at least one modified nucleotide (i.e. a nucleotide which is not a nucleotide of a natural DNA or RNA).
- modified nucleotides can in particular be used to increase the resistance of the nucleic acid to degradation by nucleases. This is particularly advantageous for RNAs, which are generally more sensitive to nucleases than DNA aptamers.
- An RNA comprising at least one modified nucleotide is called modified RNA.
- DNA comprising at least one modified nucleotide is called modified DNA.
- the nucleic acid may also comprise at least one additional group, in addition to the nucleotides constituting its nucleic acid sequence.
- the nucleic acid can be linked to at least one additional group.
- modified DNA we mean DNA comprising at least one modified nucleotide.
- a modified DNA may in particular be a DNA in which the backbone of the nucleic acid is modified, in whole or in part, in particular to make it resistant to hydrolytic degradation, in particular due to the action of nucleases.
- DNA can be modified in its entirety (i.e. each nucleotide which constitutes it is modified) or in part (i.e. only part of the nucleotides which constitute it is modified).
- the DNA is partially modified, we can choose to modify all or part of the purines and/or all or part of the pyrimidines.
- modified RNA an RNA comprising at least one modified nucleotide.
- a modified RNA may in particular be an RNA in which the backbone of the nucleic acid is modified, in whole or in part, in particular to make it resistant to hydrolytic degradation, in particular due to the action of nucleases.
- RNA can be modified in full (i.e. each nucleotide which constitutes it is modified) or in part (i.e. only part of the nucleotides which constitute it is modified). When the RNA is partially modified, we can choose to modify all or part of the purines and/or all or part of the pyrimidines.
- modifications of a DNA or an RNA are well known to those skilled in the art and can in particular be chosen from: the modification of the OH function on the carbon in the 2' position of the ribose by methylation; the substitution of the OH function on the carbon in the 2' position of the ribose by an O-Methoxyethyl group; the substitution of the OH function on the carbon in the 2' position of the ribose by an amino group; the substitution of the OH function on the carbon in the 2' position of the ribose by a halogen (in particular by fluorine); the replacement of the phosphodiester (PO) by a phosphorothioate (PS) group (we then speak of a phosphorothioate skeleton); the use of a locked nucleic acid (LNA) type structure, i.e.
- LNA locked nucleic acid
- PNA peptide nucleic acid
- vector we mean a vehicle, preferably a nucleic acid molecule or a viral particle, which contains the elements necessary to allow the administration, propagation and/or expression of one or more molecule(s). ) of nucleic acids in a host cell or organism.
- this term encompasses vectors for maintenance (cloning vectors), vectors for expression in various host cells or organisms (vectors expression), extrachromosomal vectors (e.g. multicopy plasmids) or integration vectors (e.g. designed to integrate into the genome of a host cell and produce additional copies of the nucleic acid molecule that 'it contains when the host cell replicates).
- This term also encompasses shuttle vectors (e.g., functioning in both prokaryotic and/or eukaryotic hosts) and transfer vectors (e.g. for the transfer of nucleic acid molecule(s) into the genome of a host cell).
- vectors can be natural, synthetic or artificial genetic sources, or a combination of natural and artificial genetic elements.
- vector in the context of the invention, must be understood broadly by including plasmid (or plasmid) and viral vectors.
- Plasmid as used herein means a replicable DNA construct.
- plasmid vectors contain selection marker genes that allow host cells carrying the plasmid to be identified and/or positively or negatively selected in the presence of the compound corresponding to the selection marker.
- selection marker genes A variety of positive or negative selection marker genes are known in the art.
- an antibiotic resistance gene can be used as a positive selection marker gene to select a host cell in the presence of the corresponding antibiotic.
- viral vector refers to a nucleic acid vector that comprises at least one element of a virus genome and may be packaged into a virus particle or virus particle.
- Viral vectors may be replication competent or selective (e.g., designed to replicate better or selectively in specific host cells), or may be genetically silenced so as to be replication defective or deficient.
- polypeptide polymers of amino acid residues which comprise at least nine amino acids linked by peptide bonds.
- the polymer can be linear, branched or cyclic.
- the polymer may include natural amino acids and/or amino acid analogues and may be interrupted by non-amino acid residues.
- the amino acid polymer contains more than 50 amino acid residues, it is preferably called a polypeptide or protein, whereas if the polymer consists of 50 amino acids or less, it is preferably called a "peptide".
- the reading and writing directions of an amino acid sequence of a polypeptide, a protein and a peptide as used herein are the conventional reading and writing directions.
- the reading and writing convention for polypeptide, protein, and peptide amino acid sequences places the amine terminus on the left, with the sequence then written and read from the amine terminus (N- terminus) to the carboxyl terminus (C-terminus), from left to right.
- amino acids constituting polypeptides, proteins and peptides include in particular the so-called “standard” amino acids (also called “natural amino acids”, of which Table 1 below provides a non-exhaustive list), as well as non-standard amino acids. (also called “rare amino acids”, including for example pyrrolysine (symbolized by the letter 0), selenocysteine (symbolized by the letter U), alloisoleucine, allothreonine, ornithine, etc.)
- peptide or protein fragment or “part of peptide or protein” is meant a portion of a peptide or protein, that is to say a portion of the sequence of consecutive amino acids composing said peptide or said protein (called the peptide or protein from which the fragment is derived).
- the peptide or protein fragment preferably comprises at least 10 consecutive amino acids of the peptide or protein from which it is derived; more preferably at least 12 consecutive amino acids, more preferably at least 15 consecutive amino acids, more preferably at least 20 consecutive amino acids, more preferably at least 30 consecutive amino acids of the peptide or protein from which it is derived.
- the peptide or protein fragment preferably has a three-dimensional structure, under non-denaturing conditions (for example conditions usually non-denaturing for proteins, in particular in the absence of denaturing and/or chaotropic agents).
- post-translational modification refers to a chemical or enzymatic modification occurring naturally or not on a protein or protein fragment, after or concomitantly with the translation of the protein (e.g., biological or biochemical synthesis, using for example cellular machinery), or after or concomitantly with the synthesis of the protein (for example, artificial and/or chemical synthesis).
- the natural amino acids of the protein or protein fragment is modified by the addition of at least one chemical group and/or modification (including, but not limited to, elimination) of at least one chemical group of the natural amino acid.
- post-translationally modified protein is meant here a protein having at least one post-translational modification.
- post-translationally modified protein fragment is meant a protein fragment having at least one post-translational modification.
- lipid-soluble active ingredient any agent or any compound or any molecule which dissolves in a fatty substance, and having a biological activity, in particular a therapeutic, pharmacological, targeting, or marking activity, as defined above in gaze with therapeutic, targeting, or marking agents.
- Fat-soluble active ingredients include in particular active ingredients which dissolve in lipids or their derivatives, for example in oils, butters, oily esters, and other ingredients comprising lipids or their derivatives.
- chemo-therapeutic agent any agent or any compound or any molecule having chemo-therapeutic activity.
- the chemotherapeutic agent includes in particular agents having anticancer activity (in particular agents capable of eliminating cancer cells and/or tumors, and/or of inducing/stimulating the elimination of cancer cells and/or tumors) as well as than agents with anti-autoimmune disease activity.
- the chemotherapeutic agent can therefore be a cytotoxic agent and/or a cytostatic agent.
- examples of chemotherapeutic agents include, but are not limited to, paclitaxel, doxorubicin, gencitabin (e.g. Gemzar), temozolomide, etc.
- antibody is meant a protein or glycoprotein belonging to the immunoglobulin superfamily; the terms antibody and immunoglobulin are used interchangeably.
- antibodies are mostly secreted by cells derived from B lymphocytes: plasma cells. They are used in particular by the immune system to detect and neutralize foreign bodies (in particular pathogens, such as bacteria, viruses, parasites, etc.), specifically.
- Antibodies also include autoantibodies (produced for example in the case of an autoimmune disease). The antibody recognizes a unique part of the foreign target, its antigen.
- the antibodies have a structure made up of 4 polypeptide chains (150,000 amu or dalton): two identical heavy chains (H for “heavy”, of 50,000 amu each) and two identical light chains (L for “light”, of 25,000 a each) which are linked together by a variable number of disulfide bridges ensuring the cohesion of the molecule. These chains form a Y structure (each light chain constitutes half of one arm of the Y) and are made up of immunoglobulin domains which can comprise approximately 110 amino acids.
- Each light chain consists of a constant domain (named CL) and a variable domain (called VL); heavy chains are composed of a variable domain (called VH) and, depending on the isotype, of three or four constant domains respectively called CH1, CH2, CH3, (CH4).
- VH variable domain
- CH1, CH2, CH3, (CH4) constant domains respectively called CH1, CH2, CH3, (CH4).
- CH1, CH2, CH3, (CH4) constant domains
- Constant domains are characterized by an amino acid sequence that is very similar from one antibody to another, characteristic of the species and isotype.
- the constant domains are generally not involved in antigen recognition, but are involved in the activation of the complement system, as well as in the elimination of immune complexes (antibodies linked to its antigen) by immune cells possessing the receptors. to constant fragments (RFc).
- An antibody has four variable domains located at the ends of the two “arms”.
- the association between a variable domain carried by a heavy chain (VH) and the adjacent variable domain carried by a light chain (VL) constitutes the recognition site (or paratope) of the antigen.
- VH heavy chain
- VL light chain
- an immunoglobulin molecule has two antigen-binding sites, one at the end of each arm. These two sites are identical (but intended for different epitopes), hence the possibility of linking two antigen molecules by antibody.
- the antigen recognition site (or paratope) includes 6 regions called complementarity-determining regions (or CDRs). Each VH has 3 CDRs and each VL also has 3.
- the Fc fragment (crystallizable fragment). It supports the biological properties of immunoglobulin, in particular its ability to be recognized by immune effectors or to activate complement. It is made up of constant fragments of heavy chains (CH2) beyond the hinge region. It generally does not recognize the antigen; the Fv fragment (Variable Fragment). It is the smallest fragment retaining the properties of the antibody that the immunoglobulin possesses. It consists only of the variable regions VL and VH, it therefore binds the antigen with the same affinity as the complete antibody and is monovalent; the Fab fragment (Fragment antigen-binding). This fragment has the same affinity for the antigen as the full antibody.
- the Fc fragment crystallizable fragment
- the Fab fragment is made up of the entire light chain (VL+CL) and part of the heavy chain (VH+CH1). It is monovalent; the fragment F(ab')2. It corresponds to the association of two Fab fragments connected by a small part of the constant parts of the heavy chains, the hinge region (in English: hinge). It has the same affinity as the antibody for the antigen and is divalent.
- antibody includes native antibodies and their functional derivatives, (e.g., mutated and/or modified antibodies as well as mimetic antibodies), provided that such derivative is capable of binding specifically to an antigen (we speak of “functional antibody derivatives”).
- antibody derivatives also includes antibody fragments.
- an “antibody fragment” is capable of specifically binding to an antigen (we speak of a “functional antibody fragment”).
- Antibodies can be produced by different systems known to those skilled in the art.
- Antibody production systems include, for example, animal systems (such as rodents, camelids, etc.), hybridoma systems, mammalian cell systems (including in particular CHO cell lines (hamster ovary cells Chinese; e.g. CHO-K1, CHO-DG44, etc.), mouse myeloma cell lines (e.g. NSO), baby hamster kidney cell lines (e.g. BHK), human embryonic kidney cell lines (for example HEK293), etc.), yeast systems (including in particular yeasts improved for glycolization), insect cell systems (including in particular insect cell lines improved for glycolization), plant cell systems (including in particular plant cell lines improved for glycolization), etc.
- animal systems such as rodents, camelids, etc.
- hybridoma systems include, for example, animal systems (such as rodents, camelids, etc.), hybridoma systems, mammalian cell systems (including in particular CHO cell lines
- the antibody is an animal antibody, preferably a mammalian antibody, more preferably a human or humanized antibody.
- the antibody is humanized.
- the term "antibodies” includes native antibodies and their derivatives (for example, mutated and/or modified antibodies as well as mimetic antibodies), preferably provided that this derivative is capable of specifically binding to an antigen.
- functional antibody fragment refers to one or more part(s) or fragment(s) of an antibody, retaining the ability to bind specifically to an antigen.
- binding fragments encompassed by the term “functional antibody fragments” include, but are not limited to, an antigen-binding fragment (Fab), a Fab' fragment, an F(ab')2 fragment.
- variable fragment Fv
- scFv single chain variable fragment
- scFv single chain variable fragment
- scFv single chain variable fragment
- a linking peptide a linking peptide
- dsFv fragment (“disulfide-bond stabilized Fv”)
- ds-scFv fragment (“disulfide-bond stabilized scFv”)
- VH domain a VL domain
- di-scFv divalent scFv, consisting of the association of two scFvs
- a “diabody” made up of the covalent or non-covalent association of two scFvs
- minibody minibody
- single domain antibody refers to antibody fragments consisting of a single monomeric variable domain of an antibody. These antibodies only include the monomeric variable regions of the heavy chain of heavy chain antibodies produced in particular by camelids or cartilaginous fish. Due to their different origins, they are also called VHH (camelid) or VNAR (variable new antigen receptor; cartilaginous fish) fragments. Single domain antibodies are also called nanobodies. Single domain antibodies can also be obtained by monomerization of the variable domains of conventional mouse or human antibodies through genetic engineering. They have a molecular mass of approximately 12-15 kDa and are therefore the smallest antibody fragments capable of recognizing an antigen.
- diabody refers to a fusion protein or bivalent antibody that can bind to different antigens.
- a diabody is composed of two unique protein chains that include fragments of an antibody, namely variable fragments.
- Diabodies comprise a heavy chain variable domain (VH) linked to a light chain variable domain (VL) on the same polypeptide chain (VH-VL, or VL-VH). Using a short peptide connecting the two variable domains, the domains are forced to pair with the complementary domain of another chain and thus create two antigen binding sites.
- Diabodies can target the same antigen (monospecific) or different antigens (bispecific).
- antibody mimetic or “antibody mimetic” as used herein refer to compounds that can bind specifically to antigens, in a manner similar to an antibody, but which are not structurally related to the antibodies.
- antibody mimetics are artificial peptides or proteins with a molar mass of approximately 3 to 20 kDa that include one, two, or more exposed domains that specifically bind to an antigen.
- mimetic antibodies include, among others, LACI-D1 (lipoprotein-associated coagulation inhibitor); affilins, for example human ubiquitin or human y B crystalline; cystatin; Sac7D of Sulfolobus acidocaldarius; lipocalins and anticalins derived from lipocalins; DARPins (designed ankyrin repeat proteins); the SH3 domain of Fyn; the Kunit domains of protease inhibitors; monobodies, for example the 10th type III domain of fibronectin; adnectins; knottins (cysteine knot miniproteins); atrimers; evibodies; affibodies, for example the bundle of three helices of the Z domain of Staphylococcus aureus protein A; Trans-bodies, for example human transferrin; tetranectins, for example the monomeric or trimeric domain of human C-type lectin; microbodies (micro-bodies), for example try
- Nucleic acids and small molecules can also be considered antibody mimetics (e.g. aptamers), but not artificial antibodies, antibody fragments and fusion proteins composed from them. Common advantages over antibodies are better solubility, better tissue penetration, stability against heat and enzymes, and comparatively low production costs.
- DARPin or "Designed Ankyrin Repeat Protein” herein refer to genetically engineered antibody mimetic proteins which generally exhibit highly specific and high affinity binding to the target protein. They are derived from natural ankyrin repeat proteins, one of the most common classes of binding proteins in nature, which are responsible for diverse functions such as cell signaling, regulation, and structural integrity of the cell. DARPins comprise, or essentially consist of, at least three repeating motifs or modules, of which the most N- and most C-terminal modules are called “caps", because they protect the hydrophobic core of the protein. The number of internal modules is indicated by a number (e.g. N1C, N2C, N3C, ...) while the caps are indicated by “N” or "C”, respectively.
- antigen we mean a natural or synthetic molecule which, recognized by antibodies or cells of the immune system of an organism, is capable of triggering an immune response in it.
- any foreign substance, any microbe, introduced into the body can behave as an antigen, that is to say cause the production of special proteins, antibodies which have the property of neutralizing the harmful effects of the foreign substance.
- Antigens are generally peptides, proteins, sugars (such as polysaccharides or polysaccharides) and their lipid derivatives (lipids). Antigens can also be nucleic acids, or haptens (i.e. fragments of antigens).
- Antigens, as markers of foreign agents in the body are the basis of the adaptive immune response.
- antigen-presenting cells APC
- APC antigen-presenting cells
- epitopes the part of the antigen recognized by an antibody or lymphocyte receptor.
- epitopes There are sequential epitopes, corresponding to a sequence of amino acids, and conformational epitopes, linked to the structure of the protein and therefore sensitive to denaturation.
- Recognition of the antigen by lymphocytes depends on the nature of the epitope. B cells bind directly to epitopes conformational thanks to the immunoglobulins in their membrane.
- the antigen can be exogenous, that is to say it is foreign to the individual (in this case, it can be allogenic: from an individual of the same species; or xenogenic: from other species), or it can be endogenous, that is to say an antigen specific to the host (autoantigens).
- the antigen is preferably a microorganism, plant, algae, microalgae, bacteria, virus, parasite, yeast, fungus, insect, animal, or tumor antigen; preferably an antigen of a eukaryotic or prokaryotic pathogen, or of a cancer; preferably a protein antigen, lipid or sugar from bacteria, viruses, parasites, yeast, fungi or tumors.
- antigen includes native antigens and their derivatives (e.g., mutated and/or modified antigens), preferably provided that this derivative is capable of being the target of an immune response.
- HLA human leukocyte antigen
- an "antigen fragment” is any part of an antigen, preferably provided that such fragment/part is capable of being the target of an immune response (e.g., epitopes , immunogenic domains, etc.).
- the antigenic fragment preferably comprises at least 6 consecutive amino acid residues of the antigen (preferably at least 8 consecutive amino acid residues of the antigen, preferably at least 10 , preferably at least 15, preferably at least 20, preferably at least 30 amino acid residues of the antigen).
- toxin we mean a substance toxic to one or more living organisms.
- a toxin is typically synthesized by a living organism (bacteria, poisonous fungus, insect or venomous snake), to which it confers its pathogenic power.
- Toxins produced by bacteria are called bacteriotoxins, those by fungi are called mycotoxins, those produced by plants are called phytotoxins, those produced by algae are called phycotoxins, those by animals are called animal toxins.
- the toxin can be a chemical molecule, a peptide, a protein, a glycoprotein, a sugar, an saccharide, a lipid, a nucleic acid, or any combination thereof.
- biotoxins exotoxins
- Toxic plants produce toxins via their secondary metabolites: these are molecules which, unlike primary toxins (proteins, lipids, carbohydrates, amino acids, etc.) are produced outside the metabolic pathways necessary to ensure survival ( therefore primary metabolites). Plant toxins can be classified into three groups: phenols, nitrogens and terpenes.
- the toxin can be a neurotoxin (a toxin acting on the nervous system), a myotoxin (acting on the contraction of muscles, in particular cardiotoxins on the heart and others such as strychnine on the respiratory muscles), a hemotoxin (acting on blood), a cytotoxin (acting on cells), a dermatotoxin (acting on the skin and mucous membranes), a hepatotoxin (acting on the liver), a nephrotoxin (acting on the kidney), an enterotoxin (acting on the tube digestive) etc.
- a neurotoxin a toxin acting on the nervous system
- a myotoxin acting on the contraction of muscles, in particular cardiotoxins on the heart and others such as strychnine on the respiratory muscles
- a hemotoxin acting on blood
- a cytotoxin acting on cells
- a dermatotoxin acting on the skin and mucous membranes
- the toxin may be an toxoid; that is to say a toxin which has been treated in such a way as to retain its antigenic power and lose its toxic power.
- the toxin is preferably a toxin from a microorganism, plant, algae, microalgae, bacteria, virus, parasite, yeast, fungus, insect, animal, or tumor; preferably a toxin from a eukaryotic or prokaryotic pathogen, or from a cancer.
- a "toxin fragment” is any part of a toxin, preferably provided that such fragment/part is capable of being toxic to an organism and/or cell.
- the toxin fragment preferably comprises at least 6 consecutive amino acid residues of the toxin (preferably at least 8 consecutive amino acid residues of the toxin, preferably at least 10, preferably at least 15, preferably at least 20, preferably at least 30 amino acid residues of the toxin).
- receptor we mean a molecule of the cell membrane or of the cytoplasm or of the cell nucleus which binds specifically to a specific factor (a ligand, such as a neurotransmitter, a hormone, or another substance), inducing a cellular response to this ligand.
- a ligand such as a neurotransmitter, a hormone, or another substance
- the modifications in the behavior of the receptor induced by the ligand lead to physiological modifications which constitute the “biological effects” of the ligand.
- the receptors may include at least: a peptide, a protein, a glycoprotein, a sugar, an saccharide, a lipid, a nucleic acid, or any combination thereof.
- Receptors are generally proteins or mixed proteins (proteins modified and/or associated with another molecule).
- the receptor can be a receptor of the external part of the plasma membrane, a transmembrane receptor embedded in the lipid bilayer of cell membranes (generally a transmembrane protein, acting for example as a receptor for hormones and neurotransmitters - These receptors are either coupled to a G protein either carrying an enzymatic activity or an ion channel which allows the activation of metabolic pathways of signal transduction in response to the binding of the ligand), or an intracellular receptor (these receptors can sometimes penetrate into the nucleus of the cell to modulate the expression of specific genes, in response to activation by the ligand).
- the receptor is preferably a microorganism, plant, algae, microalgae, bacteria, virus, parasite, yeast, fungus, insect, animal, or tumor receptor; preferably a receptor for a eukaryotic or prokaryotic pathogen, or a cancer; preferably a protein or glycoprotein receptor for bacteria, viruses, parasites, yeast, fungi or tumors.
- the different categories of receptors are well known to those skilled in the art, who can in particular refer to reference works in the field (such as Thomas D. Pollard, William C. Earnshaw, Jennifer Lippincott-Schwartz, Graham Johnson Cell Biology E -Book, Elsevier Health Sciences, Nov.
- a "receptor fragment” is any portion of a receptor, preferably provided that such fragment/portion is capable of specifically binding to a specific factor (e.g. a ligand, hormone or other substance).
- the receptor fragment preferably comprises at least 6 consecutive amino acid residues of the receptor (preferably at least 8 consecutive amino acid residues of the receptor, preferably at least 10, preferably at least 15, preferably at least 20, preferably at least 30 amino acid residues of the receptor).
- enzyme we mean a protein with catalytic properties. Virtually all biomolecules capable of catalyzing chemical reactions in cells are enzymes; However, certain catalytic biomolecules are made up of RNA and are therefore distinct from enzymes: these are ribozymes.
- An enzyme works by lowering the activation energy of a chemical reaction, which increases the reaction rate.
- the enzyme is not modified during the reaction.
- the initial molecules are the substrates of the enzyme, and the molecules formed from these substrates are the products of the reaction.
- Enzymes are particularly characterized by their very high specificity.
- an enzyme has the characteristic of being reusable.
- Enzymes are generally globular proteins that act alone or in complexes of several enzymes or subunits. Like all proteins, enzymes are made up of one or more polypeptide chains folded to form a three-dimensional structure corresponding to their native state.
- Enzymes are molecules much larger than their substrates. Their size can vary from around fifty-hundred residues to more than 2,000 residues. Only a very small part of the enzyme – between two and four residues most often, sometimes more – is directly involved in catalysis, what is called the catalytic site (or catalytic domain). The latter can be located near one or more binding sites, at which the substrate(s) is(are) bound(s) and oriented(s) in order to allow the catalysis of the chemical reaction. The catalytic site and binding sites form the active site of the enzyme.
- Enzymes perform a large number of functions within living things. They can, for example, be involved in signal transduction mechanisms and regulation of cellular processes, in the generation of movements, in active transmembrane transport, in digestion, in metabolism, in the immune system, in digestion mechanisms or cleavage of nucleic acids into further production of nucleic acids (here called "enzymes acting on nucleic acids”), in prodrug conversion mechanisms (conversion of prodrug into drug).
- the enzyme is preferably a prokaryotic, eukaryotic or viral enzyme, preferably an enzyme from an animal, a plant, an alga, a microalga, an insect, a microorganism, a bacteria, a parasite, a yeast, a fungus or a virus, more preferably a mammalian enzyme, such as a human enzyme.
- a prokaryotic, eukaryotic or viral enzyme preferably an enzyme from an animal, a plant, an alga, a microalga, an insect, a microorganism, a bacteria, a parasite, a yeast, a fungus or a virus, more preferably a mammalian enzyme, such as a human enzyme.
- the different categories of enzymes are well known to those skilled in the art, who may in particular refer to reference works in the field (such as Schomburg D., Schomburg I., Springer Handbook of Enzymes. 2 edn.
- Enzyme databases in particular the BRENDA database (available in particular on the site brenda-enzymes.org), as described for example by Chang A, Schomburg I, Placzek S, Jeske L, Ulbrich M, Xiao M, Sensen CW, Schomburg D, Nucleic Acids Res. 2015 Jan; 43. Epub 2014 Nov 5. BRENDA in 2015: exciting developments in its 25th year of existence).
- an "enzyme fragment” is any portion of an enzyme, preferably provided that such fragment/portion is capable of having enzymatic activity.
- the enzyme fragment preferably comprises at least 6 consecutive amino acid residues of the enzyme (and is preferably a catalytic site of the enzyme) (preferably at least 8 residues of consecutive amino acid residues of the enzyme, preferably at least 10, preferably at least 15, preferably at least 20, preferably at least 30 amino acid residues of the enzyme).
- enzyme activity or “catalytic activity” or even “activity” of an enzyme, we mean the efficiency of an enzyme in converting a substrate into a product in a given environment.
- the efficiency of the enzyme here takes into account the rate of conversion of substrate to product by the enzyme and the rate of conversion of substrate to product by the enzyme.
- conversion rate of substrate into product by the enzyme we mean here the ratio between the quantity of final product obtained in relation to the initial quantity of substrate for a defined quantity of enzyme.
- an enzymatic activity within the meaning of the invention can be expressed as the quantity of phloroglucinol produced in a given volume (in g/L).
- hormone we mean a biologically active chemical substance, generally synthesized by a glandular cell (generally following stimulation) and secreted into the internal environment where it circulates (by blood, by lymph or by sap). It transmits a message in chemical form (generally by acting on specific receptors of a target cell) and therefore plays a role as a messenger in the body. It is capable of acting at very low doses.
- the hormone is advantageously a plant or animal hormone.
- Plant hormones are also called phytohormones or growth factors. Their function is often to ensure the growth of the plant or its morphogenesis.
- Animal hormones are in most cases produced by the endocrine system (an endocrine gland or endocrine tissue).
- the hormone is a vertebrate hormone, preferably chosen from the following chemical classes:
- Amine-derived hormones which are made of a single amino acid (tyrosine or tryptophan) but in a derived form.
- Peptide hormones which are chains of amino acids, therefore proteins, called peptides for the shorter ones.
- Steroid hormones which are steroids derived from cholesterol.
- Hormones based on lipids and phospholipids are based on lipids and phospholipids.
- the hormone is preferably chosen from peptide or protein hormones, amine-derived hormones, steroid hormones and lipid hormones.
- the hormone is preferably an animal or plant hormone, preferably a mammalian hormone, preferably a human hormone.
- the different categories of hormones are well known to those skilled in the art, who can in particular refer to reference works in the field (such as Davies PJ (2010) The Plant Hormones: Their Nature, Occurrence, and Functions. In: Davies PJ (eds) Plant Hormones. Springer, Dordrecht; AW Norman, G Litwack, Hormones, Academy Press, 1997; A Kastin, Handbook of biologically active peptides, Academy Press, 2013).
- a "hormone fragment” is any portion of a hormone, preferably provided that such fragment/portion is capable of stimulating and/or inhibiting a biological process.
- the hormone fragment preferably comprises at least 6 consecutive amino acid residues of the hormone (preferably at least 8 consecutive amino acid residues of the hormone, preferably at least 10, preferably at least 15, preferably at least 20, preferably at least 30 amino acid residues of the hormone).
- ligand generally refers to a substance that binds to a receptor on a cell and induces a biological signal.
- the term ligand includes in particular the terms “addressing or targeting or transport signal”, “signaling molecule”, “signal”, and “cellular signal”.
- Examples of ligands include peptide and protein targeting sequences, oligosaccharides, molecules allowing cellular transport and/or internalization, neurotransmitters, receptor ligands (receptors being as defined above) , as well as cellular recognition molecules such as Toll Like receptor ligands or C-type lectin receptor ligands.
- an addressing sequence is a short sequence of amino acids, usually located at the N-terminus protein, used to designate the proteins to be addressed, and indicate their destination.
- the addressing or targeting or transport signal can be an addressing or targeting or transport signal to/to the core; an addressing or targeting or transport signal to/to the cytoplasm; an addressing or targeting or transport signal to/to the cytosol; an addressing or targeting or transport signal to/to the cell membrane; an addressing or targeting or transport signal to/to the mitochondria; an addressing or targeting or transport signal to/to peroxisomes; an addressing or targeting or transport signal to/to the lysosomes; an addressing or targeting or transport signal to/to the endoplasmic reticulum; a signal for addressing or targeting or transporting secretion pathways; and a ligand of a receptor, preferably a membrane or transmembrane receptor, preferably a membrane or transmembrane receptor of a membrane chosen from a cellular membrane, an extracellular membrane, a cyto
- the addressing or targeting or transport signal may comprise at least: a peptide, a protein, a glycoprotein, a sugar, an saccharide, a lipid, a nucleic acid, or any combination thereof.
- the addressing or targeting or transport signal comprises at least one peptide, a protein, a glycoprotein, or a nucleic acid.
- the signal is preferably a prokaryotic, eukaryotic or viral signal, preferably a signal from an animal, a plant, an algae, a microalgae, a microorganism, a bacteria, a parasite, yeast, fungus, insect, virus, or cancer; more preferably a mammalian signal, such as a human signal.
- a “ligand fragment” is any portion of a ligand, preferably provided that this fragment/portion is capable of binding to a receptor of a cell and inducing a biological signal.
- the ligand fragment preferably comprises at least 6 consecutive amino acid residues of the ligand (preferably at least 8 consecutive amino acid residues of the ligand, preferably at least 10, preferably at least 15, preferably at least 20, preferably at least 30 amino acid residues of the ligand).
- nanoparticle we mean an object whose three dimensions are on the nanometric scale, that is to say a particle whose nominal diameter is less than approximately 100 nm (for example as defined by the ISO TS/ 27687).
- “functional group” or “functional group” we mean a reactive group, that is to say having the capacity to form at least one chemical, biological, biochemical, enzymatic reaction, or any combination of these, with another molecule.
- “functional group allowing binding to an agent” is meant a functional group having the capacity to form at least one biological, biochemical, enzymatic chemical reaction, or any combination of these, with an agent (in particular chosen from a therapeutic agent , a targeting agent, a marking agent, and any combination thereof).
- the functional group may for example comprise, or consist essentially of, or consist of, a peptide tag (“peptide tag” in English), a chemical group (such as a clickable function, a coupling group (“crosslinking group” in English), and any combination thereof), an antibody, an antibody derivative, a functional fragment of an antibody or its derivative, an affinity tag (e.g. biotin, streptavidin, binding protein chitin (CBP), maltose binding protein (MBP), Strep-tag, glutathione-S-transferase (GST), poly(His) tag, etc.), or any combination thereof .
- a peptide tag in English
- a chemical group such as a clickable function, a coupling group (“crosslinking group” in English
- crosslinking group any combination thereof
- an antibody an antibody derivative, a functional fragment of an antibody or its derivative
- an affinity tag e.g. biotin, streptavidin, binding protein chitin (CBP), maltose
- clickable function or “click chemistry” or even “rapid bio-orthogonal chemistry”, we mean a chemical group capable of reacting with another chemical group, in the absence of solvent, at a physiological pH, without formation residue or by-product.
- clickable functions include, but are not limited to, azide groups, alkyne groups (e.g. acetylene), and any combination thereof.
- the clickable function can in particular be chosen from an N-hydroxysuccinimide (NHS), dibenzocyclooctyne (DBCO), tetrazine, methyl-tetrazine group, and any combination of these.
- peptide tag refers to a peptide sequence between 6 and 400 amino acids (preferably between 8 and 300 amino acids, more preferably between 10 and 200 amino acids, more preferably between 12 and 82 amino acids).
- peptide tags include affinity peptide tags, solubilization peptide tags, chromatography peptide tags, epitope peptide tags, fluorescence peptide tags, etc.
- Peptide affinity tags are usually added to proteins so that they can be purified from their crude biological source using an affinity technique.
- CBP chitin-binding protein
- MBP maltose-binding protein
- GST glutathione-S-transferase
- Peptide solubilization tags are particularly used for proteins expressed in chaperone-deficient species, such as E. coli, to assist in the correct folding of proteins and prevent them from precipitating. These include thioredoxin (TRX) and poly(NANP). Some peptide affinity tags have a dual role as solubilizing agent, such as MBP and GST. Chromatographic tags are used to modify the chromatographic properties of the protein to allow different resolution in a particular separation technique. They often consist of polyanionic amino acids, such as the FLAG-tag.
- Epitope tags are short peptide sequences chosen because high-affinity antibodies can be reliably produced in many different species. They are generally derived from viral genes. Epitope tags include ALFA tag, V5 tag, Myc tag, HA tag, Spot tag, T7 tag, NE tag, etc. Fluorescence tags are particularly used to give a visual readout of a protein. GFP and its variants are the most commonly used fluorescence labels. Tag peptides can enable specific enzymatic modification (such as biotinylation by biotin ligase) or chemical modification (such as reaction with FlAsH-EDT2 for fluorescence imaging). Tag peptides can be combined, in particular to link proteins to several other components. Peptide tags also include covalent peptide tags. Examples of covalent tag peptides include, but are not limited to:
- Isoeptag covalently binding to the pilin-C protein
- SpyTag covalently binding to the SpyCatcher protein
- SnoopTag covalently binding to the SnoopCatcher protein
- SnoopTagJr covalently binding to SnoopCatcher protein or DogTag protein (mediated by SnoopLigase)
- DogTag covalently binding to SnoopTagJr protein, mediated by SnoopLigase
- SdyTag covalently binding to SdyCatcher protein
- disease or “condition” or “disorder” or “pathology” (these terms are considered here to be synonymous), we mean an alteration of the functions or health of a living organism. It is both illness, referring to all changes in health, and an illness, which then designates a particular entity characterized by its own causes, symptoms, evolution and therapeutic possibilities.
- prevention or “prevention of a disease” or “prevention of the appearance of a disease” is meant the reduction of the risk of appearance, development or amplification of a disease, of the causes of a illness, symptoms of illness, effects (or consequences, preferably adverse, deleterious effects/consequences) of illness, or any combination thereof; and/or delay the onset, development or amplification of a disease, the causes of a disease, the symptoms of a disease, the effects (or consequences, preferably deleterious effects/consequences) of a disease, or any combination thereof.
- Prevention includes preventive treatments.
- treatment or “treatment of a disease” is meant the reduction, inhibition and/or disappearance of a disease, of the causes of a disease, of the symptoms of a disease, of the effects (or consequences, preferably the harmful, deleterious effects/consequences) of a disease, or any combination thereof.
- the treatment is preferably a curative treatment.
- a “treatment” or “therapy” includes, but is not limited to, one or more molecules and/or drugs (including any type of molecule or drug, such as chemical or biological compounds, antibodies, antigens, gene therapy, cell therapy, immunotherapy, chemotherapy, any combination thereof, etc.), and/or other treatments (such as radiotherapy, immunotherapy, chemotherapy, surgery, endoscopy, interventional radiology, physical oncology, phototherapy, light therapy, ultrasound therapy, thermotherapy, cryotherapy, electrotherapy, electroconvulsive therapy, oxygen therapy, assisted ventilation, hydrotherapeutic massage, transplantation organs/tissues/fluids, implantation, and any combination thereof, etc.) Therapy can be administered by different modes of administration.
- drugs including any type of molecule or drug, such as chemical or biological compounds, antibodies, antigens, gene therapy, cell therapy, immunotherapy, chemotherapy, any combination thereof, etc.
- other treatments such as radiotherapy, immunotherapy, chemotherapy, surgery, endoscopy, interventional radiology, physical oncology, phototherapy, light therapy, ultrasound therapy, thermotherapy
- methods of administration include, but are not limited to, oral administration, administration by injection into a vein (intravenous, IV), into a muscle (intramuscular, IM), into the space around the spinal cord (intrathecal), under the skin (subcutaneous, sc); sublingual administration; oral administration; rectal administration; vaginal administration; ocular pathway; otic route; nasal administration; by inhalation; by nebulization; cutaneous, topical or systemic administration; transdermal administration.
- “Medicine” or “drug” means any substance or composition presented as having curative or preventive properties with regard to human or animal diseases.
- a medicine therefore includes any substance or composition that can be used in or administered to humans or animals for the purpose of establishing a medical diagnosis or restoring, correcting or modifying their physiological functions by exerting a pharmacological, immunological or metabolic action.
- the term medicine includes in particular vaccines.
- a “therapeutically effective amount” is the amount of each active entity that is sufficient to produce a beneficial health outcome.
- An “immunologically effective amount” is the amount of each active entity that is sufficient to produce a detectable immune response.
- the active entity is for example an active ingredient, a therapeutic agent, a targeting agent, a marking agent, or any combination of these.
- a "pharmaceutically acceptable excipient” or “pharmaceutically acceptable carrier” is intended to include all carriers, solvents, diluents, excipients, adjuvants, vehicles, dispersion media, coatings, antibacterial and antifungal agents, and retarding agents. absorption, and the like, compatible with administration to a subject particularly to an animal, and particularly to humans.
- the carriers suitable for use in the present document are well known in the art (see for example l (most recent edition of Remington: The Science and Practice of Pharmacy, A. Gennaro, Lippincott, Williams&Wilkins).
- Non-limiting examples of excipients include water, NaCl, saline solutions, saccharide solutions (e.g.
- glucose, trehalose, sucrose, dextrose, etc. milk Ringer, alcohols, oils, gelatins, carbohydrates such as lactose, amylose or starch, esters of fatty acids, hydroxymethylcellulose, etc.
- Mention may in particular be made as adjuvant of swelling agents such as for example a sugar such as lactose, sucrose, trehalose, sorbitol, glucose, raffinose, mannitol, preferably lactose, sucrose, trehalose, glucose, or mannitol, an amino acid such as arginine, glycine, or histidine, preferably glycine, or polymers of the dextran or polyethylene glycol type, or mixtures thereof.
- swelling agents such as for example a sugar such as lactose, sucrose, trehalose, sorbitol, glucose, raffinose, mannitol, preferably lactose, sucrose, trehalose, glucose, or
- subject or “patient”, we mean a human individual or an animal other than a human.
- the subject is for example a human or an animal susceptible to contracting a disease, susceptible to being affected by a disease, or suffering from a disease.
- the subject is preferably a human being.
- the subject can be a child (human subject aged 16 or younger) or an adult (human subject aged over 16).
- healthy subject we mean a subject who does not suffer from the disease in question. In the context of the present invention, a healthy subject is preferably a subject who does not suffer from any disease.
- reference subject we mean a subject who suffers from a known disease, at a known stage.
- Bio sample or “sample” from a subject means an entire organ or tissue or part of such an organ or tissue, a fluid or a fraction of such a fluid, cells or cellular components. , obtained from this subject, as well as a homogenate, a lysate or an extract prepared at from these.
- a "biological sample” or “sample” is preferably any tissue (preferably portions or fractions thereof) that can be used to detect disease, including, but not limited to, plasma, blood, lymph, serum, urine, mucus, saliva, a central nervous system (CNS; such as a brain sample or spinal cord sample, etc.), a respiratory tract sample (such as lung sample, etc.), salivary gland sample, nasopharyngeal sample, oropharyngeal sample, digestive system sample (e.g. colon, intestine, etc.), a skin sample, an organ sample (e.g. liver, kidney, spleen, etc.), etc.
- CNS central nervous system
- a respiratory tract sample such as lung sample, etc.
- salivary gland sample such as lung sample, etc.
- nasopharyngeal sample such as lung sample, etc.
- oropharyngeal sample oropharyngeal sample
- digestive system sample e.g. colon, intestine, etc.
- the biological sample may have been previously obtained by any technique known in the profession. These techniques include, for example, sampling using a swab, needle or syringe, surgery (such as stereotaxic surgery), puncture, explant, excision, biopsy.
- excision is meant a surgical procedure consisting of cutting (excising) a more or less wide or deep part of the tissue, preferably an abnormality or growth of the tissue. An excision may be performed to remove and/or analyze a cancerous or suspicious tumor.
- biopsy here refers to a sample of cells or tissues taken for analysis. Several types of biopsy procedures are known and practiced in the field.
- the most common types include (1) incisional biopsy, in which only a sample of the tissue is taken; (2) excisional biopsy (or surgical biopsy), which consists of completely removing a tumor mass, thus performing a therapeutic and diagnostic procedure; and (3) needle biopsy, in which a tissue sample is taken using a needle, which can be large or fine.
- Other types of biopsy exist, such as smears or curettage, and can also be used to obtain the sample. Therefore, the sample can be, for example, an explant, an excision, a biopsy, etc.
- the sample is preferably obtained by a minimally invasive procedure, such as stereotaxic surgery.
- the inventors have developed innovative microbubbles, capable of delivering agents of interest into the body in a precise and targeted manner.
- the inventors have notably shown that, surprisingly, the lipid microbubbles thus developed have significantly improved stability, unlike the microbubbles described in the prior art.
- the data also reveal that these optimized microbubbles are capable of delivering different types of therapeutic agents, targeting agents and/or labeling agents, including nucleic acids, more efficiently than microbubbles. described in the prior art.
- These microbubbles are notably capable of actively crossing the vessels, the blood-brain barrier (BBB), or even the tumor microenvironment.
- BBB blood-brain barrier
- the inventors have also demonstrated that the localized application of ultrasound makes it possible to target these optimized microbubbles very precisely towards the area to be treated. These data thus reveal the therapeutic potential of these lipid microbubbles to treat numerous pathologies in a targeted manner, including pathologies of the central nervous system, vascular pathologies, tumors and cancers.
- the data also shows that these optimized microbubbles are tools for labeling, detection and imaging.
- the present invention therefore relates to a lipid microbubble, comprising, or consisting essentially of, or consisting of, at least one cationic compound chosen from lipophosphoramidates, histidylated polyethylenimines, and any mixture thereof.
- the envelope of the lipid microbubble comprises, or essentially consists of, or consists of, at least one cationic compound chosen from lipophosphoramidates, histidylated polyethylenimines, and any mixture thereof.
- the present invention relates to a lipid microbubble having an envelope comprising, or consisting essentially of, or consisting of, at least one cationic compound chosen from lipophosphoramidates, histidylated polyethylenimines, and any mixture of these.
- the lipid microbubble according to the invention can in particular be an ultrasound contrast agent.
- the microbubble according to the invention further comprises at least one agent chosen from a therapeutic/pharmacological agent, a targeting agent, a marking agent, and any combination of these.
- the therapeutic/pharmacological agent, targeting agent, labeling agent, and their combination is (are) preferably: i. exposed to the surface of the microbubble, or ii. embedded in the lipid envelope of the microbubble, or iii. incorporated inside the microbubble, or iv. any combination of i to iii.
- the therapeutic/pharmacological agent, the targeting agent, and the marking agent are advantageously as defined in the “Definitions” section above.
- said at least one agent comprises, or essentially consists of, or consists of, or is(are) chosen from:
- nucleic acid 1) a nucleic acid; 2) a fat-soluble active ingredient;
- a chemotherapeutic agent such as a cytotoxic agent and/or a cytostatic agent
- a nanoparticle preferably comprising at least one agent chosen from a therapeutic agent, a targeting agent, a marking agent, and any combination thereof;
- said at least one agent comprises, or essentially consists of, or consists of, or is(are) chosen from: a) a nucleic acid; b) a fat-soluble active ingredient; c) a chemotherapeutic agent, such as a cytotoxic agent and/or a cytostatic agent; d) an antibody; e) an antibody derivative; f) a functional antibody fragment or its derivative; g) a protein; h) a protein fragment, such as a peptide (eg a cell penetrating peptide (CPP), an antigen, an epitope, a functional protein domain, etc.; i) a nanoparticle, preferably comprising (which may further comprise) at least one agent chosen from a therapeutic agent, a targeting agent, a marking agent, and any combination thereof (in particular a hydrophilic/non-fat-soluble agent) ; and j) any combination of a) to i).
- a chemotherapeutic agent such as a cytotoxic
- agents 1) to 16), and a) to i), as listed above, are advantageously as defined in the “Definitions” section above.
- the nucleic acid 1) and/or a) comprises, consists essentially of, or consists of, a plasmid, a vector, complementary DNA (cDNA), single-stranded DNA, double-stranded DNA, DNA comprising a sequence encoding a gene or a gene fragment, a DNA encoding a gene or a gene fragment (preferably a functional fragment), an RNA, a double-stranded RNA, a messenger RNA, a non-coding RNA, a small RNA, etc.
- cDNA complementary DNA
- the chemotherapeutic agent 3) or c) is chosen from cytotoxic agents, cytostatic agents, and cytotoxic and cytostatic agents.
- the chemotherapeutic agent may in particular be chosen, without being limited, from paclitaxel, doxorubicin, gencitabin (e.g. Gemzar), temozolomide, etc.
- the targeting agent may in particular comprise, consist essentially of, or consist of, an antibody, an antibody derivative, a functional fragment of an antibody or its derivative, a protein, a protein fragment (such as a peptide, an antigen, an epitope, a functional protein domain, etc.), a nanoparticle (which may further comprise at least one therapeutic agent, in particular a hydrophilic therapeutic agent), and any combination thereof.
- the microbubble according to the invention further comprises at least one functional group, in particular a functional group allowing binding to at least one agent chosen from a therapeutic agent, a targeting agent, a marking agent, and any combination thereof.
- Said grouping is preferably: i. exposed to the surface of the microbubble, or ii. embedded in the lipid envelope of the microbubble, or iii. incorporated inside the microbubble, or iv. any combination of i to iii.
- the functional grouping is advantageously as defined in the “Definitions” section above.
- the functional group comprises, or consists essentially of, or consists of, or is chosen from: a) a tag peptide; b) a chemical group, preferably chosen from a clickable function, a coupling group, and any combination thereof; c) an antibody; d) an antibody derivative; e) a functional fragment of an antibody or its derivative; f) an affinity tag (e.g. biotin, streptavidin, chitin-binding protein (CBP), maltose-binding protein (MBP), Strep-tag, glutathione-S-transferase (GST ), the poly(His) tag, etc.); and g) any combination of a) to f).
- an affinity tag e.g. biotin, streptavidin, chitin-binding protein (CBP), maltose-binding protein (MBP), Strep-tag, glutathione-S-transferase (GST ), the poly(His) tag,
- the lipophosphoramidate comprises, or consists essentially of, or consists of, or is chosen from the group consisting of, a dimyristoyl phosphoramidate (preferably chosen from a dimyristoyl bromide phosphoramidate (preferably 0,0-dimyristoyl-N -[3N-(N methylimidazolium bromide) propylene] phosphoramidate (compound KLN27)), a dimyristoyl histamine phosphoramidate (preferably 0,0-dimyristoyl(-N-(histamine)phosphoramidate (compound MM30)), and any combination thereof ci), a dioleyl phosphoramidate (preferably chosen from the group of dioleyl methylimidazolium phosphoramidates (preferably 0,0-dioleyl-N-(3 N- (N-methylimidazolium iodide) propylene) phosphoramidate (compound KLN25)),
- the histidylated polyethylenimine is coupled to a fatty acid, preferably chosen from stearic acid, myristic acid, palmitic acid, oleic acid, and any combination of these.
- the microbubble further comprises (in particular the envelope of the microbubble further comprises) an additional lipid chosen from a dimyristoyl-glycero-phosphocholine (preferably 1,2-dimyristoyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphocholine (DMPC )), a distearoyl-glycero-phosphocholine (preferably 1,2-distearoyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphocholine (DSPC)), a dimyristoyl-glycero-phosphoethanolamine-(polyethylene glycol) (preferably 1,2- dimyristoyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphoethanolamine-N-[methoxy(polyethylene glycol)-2000] (DMPE-PEG2000)), a distearoyl-glycero-phosphoethanolamine-(polyethylene glycol) (preferably 1,2-distearoyl-sn - glycero-3-phosphoethanolamine-N-[amino(polyethylene glycol)-2000]
- the microbubble also contains a biocompatible gas.
- the biocompatible gas is preferably contained by the envelope of the microbubble (it is therefore inside the microbubble, in the medium/cavity formed by the envelope).
- the biocompatible gas is preferably chosen from a perfluorobutane (C4F10), a perfluoropropane (C3F8), dinitrogen (N2), a sulfur hexafluoride (SF6), a nitrogen oxide (NO), hydrogen, dioxygen, helium, xenon, argon, nitrous oxide (N20), and any mixture thereof; preferably also chosen from a perfluorobutane (C4F10), a perfluoropropane (C3F8), dinitrogen (N2), a sulfur hexafluoride (SF6), dioxygen, nitrous oxide (N20), and any mixture of these .
- the gas is chosen from the group of perfluorobutanes (C4F10),
- the data obtained by the Inventors reveal that the microbubbles according to the invention, as defined above, are, remarkably, capable of actively crossing the vessels, the blood-brain barrier (BBB) and/or the tumor microenvironment (in particular during of localized application of ultrasound).
- BBB blood-brain barrier
- the localized application of ultrasound makes it possible to target these microbubbles very precisely towards the area to be treated, including difficult to access areas such as the central nervous system, the vessels, and the tumor microenvironment.
- the data also shows that these optimized microbubbles are capable of efficiently delivering different types of therapeutic agents, targeting agents and/or labeling agents, including nucleic acids, to these hard-to-reach areas. .
- the microbubble according to the invention is characterized in that it is capable of crossing the blood-brain barrier actively and/or the tumor microenvironment actively (in particular during the localized application of ultrasound).
- the present invention also relates to a method for producing at least one microbubble according to the invention, as described above, comprising, or essentially consisting of, or consisting of, the following steps: a) Mixing, in a container, of cationic compounds chosen from lipophosphoramidates, histidylated polyethylenimines, and any mixtures thereof; ethanol; and optionally at least one agent chosen from a therapeutic agent, a targeting agent, a marking agent, and any combination thereof; b) Evaporation of the mixture obtained in step a) to obtain a lipid film and rehydration of the lipid film to form a liposomal suspension; the entirety of this step can also be carried out by microfluidics; c) Lyophilization of the liposomal suspension obtained in step b); d) Replacement of the air contained in the container containing the lyophilisate obtained in step c), with a biocompatible gas, the gas being preferably chosen from a perfluorobutane (C4
- microbubble and its constituents such as lipophosphoramidate, histidylated polyethylenimine, the therapeutic agent, the targeting agent, the marking agent, the biocompatible gas, are advantageously as described in the previous sections (in the section “ Definition” and/or “Lipid microbubble”).
- the invention further relates to a microbubble capable of being obtained, or obtained, or directly obtained, by the production method described above.
- the present invention further relates to a kit comprising, or essentially consisting of, at least one microbubble according to the invention, as defined above.
- the present invention also relates to a composition
- a composition comprising, or consisting essentially of, or consisting of, at least one microbubble according to the invention, as defined above, and, optionally, an excipient.
- the present invention relates in particular to a pharmaceutical composition
- a pharmaceutical composition comprising, or consisting essentially of, or consisting of, at least one microbubble according to the invention, as defined above, and, optionally, a pharmaceutically acceptable excipient.
- the composition in particular the pharmaceutical composition, comprises a therapeutically effective quantity of microbubble.
- concentration of microbubbles in the composition, in particular the pharmaceutical composition preferably ranges from 10 6 to 10 14 microbubbles/ml, more preferably from 10 7 to 10 13 microbubbles/ml, more preferably from 10 8 to 10 12 microbubbles/ml.
- ml more preferably from 10 9 to 10 11 microbubbles/ml, more preferably the concentration of microbubbles in the composition being approximately 10 10 microbubbles/ml.
- the composition in particular the pharmaceutical composition, comprises a quantity of pharmaceutically acceptable excipient in the composition which ranges from 5% to 99% by weight relative to the total weight of the composition, preferably from 10 to 97 % by weight, preferably 20 to 95% by weight, preferably 30 to 90% by weight, preferably 40 to 85% by weight, preferably 50 to 80% by weight, preferably 60 to 70 % by weight, relative to the total weight of the composition.
- the kit comprises, or essentially consists of, or consists of: a) at least one microbubble according to the invention (as defined above) or a composition as defined above, in particular a pharmaceutical composition as defined above, in a first container; b) at least one therapeutic agent, in a second container; c) optionally, at least one targeting agent in a third container; d) optionally, at least one marking agent in a fourth container; and e) optionally, instructions for preparation and/or use.
- the kit further comprises means adapted for detecting the presence or absence of the marking agent in a sample and/or in a subject.
- microbubble and its constituents are advantageously as described in the previous sections (in the section “ Definition”, and/or “Lipid microbubble”, and/or “Methods for producing a lipid microbubble”).
- the therapeutic agent and/or the targeting agent and/or the marking agent comprises, consists essentially of, or consists of, or is chosen from:
- a chemotherapeutic agent such as a cytotoxic agent and/or a cytostatic agent
- a nanoparticle preferably comprising at least one agent chosen from a therapeutic agent, a targeting agent, a marking agent, and any combination thereof;
- the innovative microbubbles developed here have the capacity to deliver agents of interest into the body in a precise and targeted manner, including in very difficult to access areas such as the central nervous system, the vessels, and the tumor microenvironment.
- the inventors have notably shown that, surprisingly, lipid microbubbles are significantly more stable than the microbubbles of the prior art. They are notably capable of actively crossing vessels, the blood-brain barrier (BBB), or even the tumor microenvironment.
- BBB blood-brain barrier
- the inventors have also demonstrated that the localized application of ultrasound makes it possible to target these optimized microbubbles very precisely towards the area to be treated. These data thus reveal the therapeutic potential of these lipid microbubbles to treat numerous pathologies in a targeted manner, including pathologies of the central nervous system.
- the data also shows that these optimized microbubbles are tools for labeling, detection and imaging.
- the present invention therefore provides both powerful and broad-spectrum treatment methods for pathologies, as well as marking methods, particularly for medical imaging.
- the present invention therefore relates to a microbubble according to the invention (as defined above); or a pharmaceutical composition or a kit comprising, or essentially consisting of, at least one microbubble according to the invention (as defined above); or a pharmaceutical composition as defined above; or a kit as defined above; or any combination thereof; for its use as medicine.
- the present invention also relates to a microbubble according to the invention (as defined above); or a pharmaceutical composition or a kit comprising, or essentially consisting of, at least one microbubble according to the invention (as defined above); or a pharmaceutical composition as defined above; or a kit as defined above; or any combination thereof; for its use as a marking agent, in particular as a contrast agent.
- the present invention also relates to the use of a microbubble according to the invention (as defined above); or a pharmaceutical composition or a kit comprising, or essentially consisting of, at least one microbubble according to the invention (as defined above); or a pharmaceutical composition as defined above; or a kit as defined above; or any combination thereof; as medicine.
- the present invention also relates to the use of a microbubble according to the invention (as defined above); or a pharmaceutical composition or a kit comprising, or essentially consisting of, at least one microbubble according to the invention (as defined above); or a pharmaceutical composition as defined above; or a kit as defined above; or any combination thereof; as a marking agent, in particular as a contrast agent.
- the present invention also relates to the use of a microbubble according to the invention (as defined above); or a pharmaceutical composition or a kit comprising, or essentially consisting of, at least one microbubble according to the invention (as defined above); or a pharmaceutical composition as defined above; or a kit as defined above; or any combination thereof; for the manufacture of a medicine.
- the present invention also relates to the use of a microbubble according to the invention (as defined above); or a pharmaceutical composition or a kit comprising, or essentially consisting of, at least one microbubble according to the invention (as defined above); or a pharmaceutical composition as defined above; or a kit as defined above; or any combination thereof; for the manufacture of a marking agent, in particular a contrast agent.
- the present invention also relates to a treatment method, comprising the administration of a microbubble according to the invention (as defined above); or a pharmaceutical composition or a kit comprising, or essentially consisting of, at least one microbubble according to the invention (as defined above); or a pharmaceutical composition as defined above; or a kit as defined above; or any combination thereof; to a subject (preferably a subject in need).
- the present invention also relates to a marking method, comprising the administration of a microbubble according to the invention (as defined above); or a pharmaceutical composition or a kit comprising, or essentially consisting of, at least one microbubble according to the invention (as defined above); or a pharmaceutical composition such as defined above; or a kit as defined above; or any combination thereof; to a subject (preferably a subject in need).
- microbubble and its constituents are advantageously as described in the previous sections (in the section “ Definition”, and/or “Lipid microbubble”, and/or “Methods for producing a lipid microbubble”).
- compositions and kits are as described above in the “Compositions and kits” section.
- the microbubble, composition, kit, or any combination thereof is(are) administered to a subject in need thereof, preferably in a therapeutically effective amount.
- the pathology to be treated by the administration of the microbubble, the composition, the kit, or any combination thereof may be of any type.
- the pathology may in particular be chosen from vascular pathologies, pathologies of the central nervous system, tumors, cancers, and any combination of these.
- the area to be marked by administration of the microbubble, composition, kit, or any combination thereof may be of any type.
- the area to be marked can be any part of the body of the subject to be treated and/or marked.
- the area to be marked can in particular be chosen from an area of the vessels, an area of the central nervous system, an area of the tumor microenvironment, and any combination of these.
- the area to be treated and/or the area to be marked can be advantageously located in the vessels, the central nervous system, the tumor microenvironment, and any combination of these (preferably the central nervous system).
- microbubble, composition, kit, or any combination thereof is (are) preferably formulated to be administered one or more times by the same or different routes. All conventional routes of administration are applicable in the context of the invention, including oral, parenteral and topical routes.
- Parenteral routes are intended for administration as an injection or infusion and include systemic as well as local routes.
- the microbubble, composition, kit, or any combination thereof is formulated for one or more parenteral administrations, and preferably intravenously (into a vein), intravascular (in a blood vessel), intra-arterial (in an artery), intradermal (in the dermis), subcutaneous (under the skin), intramuscular (in the muscle), intraperitoneal (in the peritoneum), or intratumoral ( in a tumor).
- Administration can be done as a single bolus dose or can also be done by a continuous infusion pump.
- the microbubble, composition, kit, or any combination thereof is formulated to be administered by intravenous infusion.
- Administrations may use conventional syringes and needles (e.g., Quadrafuse injection needles) or any compound or device available in the art capable of facilitating or enhancing delivery of a microbubble to the subject (e.g. , electroporation to facilitate intramuscular administration).
- a needle-free injection device for example, the Biojector TM device.
- Transdermal patches may also be considered.
- doses within the indicated ranges may be administered to the subject. In case of repeated administrations over several days or more, the treatment will generally be continued until the appearance of an observable clinical benefit. These doses may be administered intermittently, for example every day, every 2 or 3 days, every week, every 2 weeks, every 3 weeks or every month (for example, such that the subject receives from about two to about twenty doses of the composition). Doses may also be tailored to each administration (e.g., higher initial dose(s) followed by lower dose(s).
- the microbubble, composition, kit, or any combination thereof is administered according to a "prime boost" approach that includes sequential administrations of one or more priming compositions ( “priming”) and one or more reinforcing compositions (“boosting”).
- the priming and boosting compositions may use the same active agent (i.e., the microbubble, composition, kit, or any combination thereof), or may use a different active agent (i.e. the microbubble, composition, kit, or any combination thereof).
- the priming and enhancing compositions may be administered to the same area of the body or to a different area, by the same route or by different routes of administration.
- a preferred priming and boosting approach involves a first injection (e.g.
- subcutaneous, intramuscular, intradermal, intratumoral or intravenous primary
- a second injection e.g. subcutaneous, intramuscular, intradermal, intratumoral or intravenously
- the present invention encompasses one or more administrations of the priming and/or enhancing composition(s), with preference to subcutaneous, intramuscular, intradermal, intratumoral, intranasal and intravenous routes.
- the time period separating priming and boosting administrations varies from one week to 6 months, with a preference for one week to one month and even more for a period of one to two weeks.
- the microbubble, composition, kit, or any combination thereof is(are) preferably administered in combination with the application of ultrasound, preferably localized application of ultrasound, preferably l localized application of ultrasound on/towards the area to be treated and/or marked.
- the ultrasound is preferably administered at a frequency ranging from 1 kHz to 10MHz, preferably from 10kHz to 9MHz, preferably from 50KHz to 8MHz, preferably from 100kHz to 7MHz, preferably from 150kHz to 6MHz, preferably from 200kHz to 5MHz , preferably from 300kHz to 4MHz, preferably from 400kHz to 3MHz, preferably from 500kHz to 2MHz, preferably from 750kHz to 1.5MHz, preferably from 0.8MHz to 1.2MHz, more preferably at a frequency of approximately 1MHz.
- the ultrasound is preferably pulsed at a frequency ranging from 1 Hz to 10kHz, preferably from 10Hz to 9kHz, preferably from 50Hz to 8kHz, preferably from 100Hz to 7kHz, preferably from 150Hz to 6kHz, preferably from 200Hz to 5kHz , preferably from 300Hz to 4kHz, preferably from 400Hz to 3kHz, preferably from 500Hz to 2kHz, preferably from 750Hz to 1.5kHz, preferably from 0.8kHz to 1.2kHz, more preferably at a frequency of approximately 1 kHz.
- Ultrasound is preferably administered at an acoustic pressure ranging from 100 to 800 kPa (negative peak), preferably 200 to 700 kPa, preferably 300 to 600 kPa, preferably 400 to 500 kPa.
- Ultrasound is preferably administered for 30 to 300 seconds, preferably for 40 to 250 seconds, preferably for 50 to 200 seconds, preferably for 60 to 180 seconds, preferably for 80 to 150 seconds, preferably for 90 to 120 seconds. seconds.
- the area to be treated and/or marked can be any part of the body of the subject to be treated and/or marked.
- Said zone is preferably chosen from difficult-to-access areas, such as the central nervous system, the vessels, and the tumor microenvironment.
- the Inventors have notably shown that, surprisingly, the lipid microbubbles according to the invention are capable of actively crossing the vessels, the blood-brain barrier (BBB), or even the tumor microenvironment.
- BBB blood-brain barrier
- the inventors have also demonstrated that the localized application of ultrasound makes it possible to target these optimized microbubbles very precisely towards the area to be treated.
- the microbubble, the composition, the kit, or any combination thereof is(are) administered in combination with the localized application of ultrasound at the level of the area or areas to be treated and/or marked in the central nervous system, vessels, tumor microenvironment, or any combination thereof.
- the method of administering the microbubble, the composition, the kit, or any combination thereof comprises, or essentially consists of, or consists of, the following steps: a) Administration of the microbubble, the composition, the kit, or any combination thereof, to a subject, by an appropriate method of administration (in particular as described above, preferably parenterally, more preferably intravenously); b) Application of ultrasound to the area to be treated and/or marked (preferably according to the frequency, pulse, acoustic pressure and duration conditions described above).
- the administration method may further comprise additional steps of preparing the microbubble, the composition, the kit, or any combination thereof, prior to step a) of administration; in particular when the microbubbles, the composition, the kit, or any combination thereof, is in a freeze-dried form; said additional steps being as follows:
- the microbubbles are activated using a mechanical stirrer; for example with stirring between 2000 and 5000 revolutions per minute (rpm), preferably at 4000 rpm; for a period of between 10 and 120 seconds, preferably for 45 seconds.
- the method further comprises a step of detecting the presence or absence of the agent marking.
- microbubble according to the invention can be effectively used as a marking, detection and imaging tool.
- the present invention therefore provides effective and reliable diagnostic methods. It allows in particular the diagnosis, prognosis, stratification or even the monitoring of diseases, or even the evaluation of the effectiveness of a treatment.
- the present invention therefore relates to the in vitro use of at least microbubble according to the invention (as defined above); or a composition (in particular pharmaceutical) or a kit comprising, or essentially consisting of, at least one microbubble according to the invention (as defined above); or a composition (in particular pharmaceutical) as defined above; or a kit as defined above; or any combination thereof;
- a composition in particular pharmaceutical
- a kit as defined above; or any combination thereof;
- the stratification of a subject suffering from a disease vi. evaluating the effectiveness of a treatment (in particular curative) administered to a subject suffering from an illness; vii. detect the presence or absence of at least one microbubble in a sample, in particular a biological sample; viii. determine the presence or absence, or even the quantity, of at least one marking agent (in particular a contrast agent) in a sample, in particular a biological sample; ix. screen compounds/molecules having an effect in the prevention, treatment, marking, or any combination thereof, of a disease; or x. any combination of i. to ix.
- the present invention relates in particular to the in vitro use of at least one microbubble according to the invention (as defined above); or a composition (in particular pharmaceutical) or a kit comprising, or essentially consisting of, at least one microbubble according to the invention (as defined above); or a composition (in particular pharmaceutical) as defined above; or a kit as defined above; or any combination thereof; to deliver an agent inside at least one cell, or a biological sample, preferably by sonoporation; the agent preferably being chosen from a therapeutic agent, a targeting agent, a marking agent, and any combination thereof; the cell preferably being chosen from an animal cell, a plant cell, a microorganism cell, and any combination thereof.
- microbubble, the composition, the kit, or any combination thereof is(are) preferably placed in contact with the cell or the biological sample (in particular administered to the sample) in combination with the application of ultrasound, preferably localized application of ultrasound, preferably localized application of ultrasound to/towards the area to be treated and/or marked.
- the ultrasound is preferably applied at a frequency ranging from 1 kHz to 10MHz, preferably from 10kHz to 9MHz, preferably from 50KHz to 8MHz, preferably from 100kHz to 7MHz, preferably from 150kHz to 6MHz, preferably from 200kHz to 5MHz , preferably from 300kHz to 4MHz, preferably from 400kHz to 3MHz, preferably from 500kHz to 2MHz, preferably from 750kHz to 1.5MHz, preferably from 0.8MHz to 1.2MHz, more preferably at a frequency of approximately 1 Hz.
- the ultrasound is preferably pulsed at a frequency ranging from 1 Hz to 10kHz, preferably from 10Hz to 9kHz, preferably from 50Hz to 8kHz, preferably from 100Hz to 7kHz, preferably from 150Hz to 6kHz, preferably from 200Hz to 5kHz, preferably from 300Hz to 4kHz, preferably from 400Hz to 3kHz, preferably from 500Hz to 2kHz, preferably from 750Hz to 1.5kHz, preferably from 0.8kHz to 1.2kHz, preferably again at a frequency of around 1kHz.
- Ultrasound is preferably administered at an acoustic pressure ranging from 100 to 800 kPa (negative peak), preferably 200 to 700 kPa, preferably 300 to 600 kPa, preferably 400 to 500 kPa.
- Ultrasound is preferably administered for 30 to 300 seconds, preferably for 40 to 250 seconds, preferably for 50 to 200 seconds, preferably for 60 to 180 seconds, preferably for 80 to 150 seconds, preferably for 90 to 120 seconds. seconds, preferably for 60 seconds.
- the method of administering the microbubble, the composition, the kit, or any combination thereof comprises, or essentially consists of, or consists of, the following steps: a) bringing the microbubble into contact , the composition, the kit, or any combination thereof, with a cell or biological sample; or administration of the microbubble, the composition, the kit, or any combination thereof, a biological sample, by an appropriate mode of administration (in particular as described above, in the “Therapeutic Uses and Methods” section) ; b) Application of ultrasound to the area to be treated and/or marked (preferably according to the frequency, pulse, acoustic pressure and duration conditions described above).
- the administration method may further comprise additional steps of preparing the microbubble, the composition, the kit, or any combination thereof, prior to step a) of administration; in particular when the microbubbles, the composition, the kit, or any combination thereof, is in a freeze-dried form; said additional steps being as follows:
- the method further comprises a step of detecting the presence or absence of the agent marking in the cell and/or the biological sample.
- microbubble and its constituents are advantageously as described in the previous sections (in the section “ Definition”, and/or “Lipid microbubble”, and/or “Methods for producing a lipid microbubble”).
- compositions and kits are as described above in the “Compositions and kits” section.
- Fig. 1 Summary diagram of the formulations developed.
- the functionalization of the microbubble can depend on different constituents, such as cationic lipids (capable of electrostatic interactions), and biotinylated lipids (capable of binding antibodies in particular via streptavidin-biotin bonds).
- Fig. 2 Chemical structure of cationic (LIPID 1) and fusogenic (LIPID 2) lipids used in formulations based on lipophosphoramidates.
- Fig. 3 Size distribution of the different microbubble formulations developed. Analysis was performed using microscopy image analysis (ImageJ® software).
- Fig. 4 Measurements of the Zeta potential (mV) of different formulations. Values represent the mean ⁇ SD of 3 measurements.
- Fig. 5 Size distribution of the microbubble formulations developed, including KLN25.
- Fig. 6 Complexation gel (0.6% agarose) of different volumes of MBc (cationic MB) with a constant quantity of plasmid DNA (1 pg).
- Fig. 7 Confocal imaging of MBc-tPTX gas microbubbles complexing CpG oligonucleotides coupled to FITC.
- Fig. 8 Diagram of the assembly carried out allowing the flow analysis of the targeting of functionalized MBs.
- Fig. 9 A) Graph representing the binding of MB44 on hCMEC/D3 cells stimulated or not for the production of VEGF receptor. Lanes: dot-dash) MBa on stimulated cells; dotted lines) MBa carrying the anti-VEGFR2 receptor on unstimulated cells; solid line) MBa carrying the anti-VEGFR2 receptor on stimulated cells.
- B Graph representing the binding of MBc-tPTX on cells stimulated for the production of the receptor for 24 hours. Lanes: dotted) MBc-tPTX without antibody; solid line) MBc-tPTX carrying the antibody.
- Fig. 10 Diagram representing the experimental in vivo sonoporation device comprising a focused ultrasound probe and a motorized positioning system.
- the mouse is placed in the cradle after injection of Evan's Blue IV. the left hemisphere is then targeted, the FUS treatment is carried out 10 seconds after injection of the MBs for 60 seconds.
- the FUS treatment is carried out 10 seconds after injection of the MBs for 60 seconds.
- FIG. 11 A) Diagram showing the brain partitioning carried out for the luciferase activity assay (blue: area treated with FUS). B) Photograph of the brain of a mouse treated with MBc + FUS at 109 kPa, 24 hours post-transfection, the blue spot corresponds to the extravasation of Evan’s blue. C) Photograph of a brain included for the Cryostat® section.
- Fig. 12 Graph representing luciferase activity per mg of protein in the different areas of the brain 24 h after sonoporation with a pLuc plasmid complexed with MBc. The area targeted by the ultrasound device is zone 2. Data represents the mean ⁇ SEM. **: p ⁇ 0.01.
- Fig. 13 Microscopic observation of suspensions of anionic (MB1) and cationic (MBPEI) microbubbles. Objectives 25.
- A Suspension of MBI after activation of HEPES (10 mM, pH 7.4, filtered at 0.2 nm).
- B Suspension of MBPEI after activation in HEPES (10 mM, pH 7.4, filtered at 0.2 nm).
- C Flocculation of MBPEI during the preparation of MB:pDNA complexes for in vivo manipulations.
- Fig. 14 Fluorescence microscopy 24 hours after transfection of the plasmid encoding eGFP using MBPElhis on a HeLa cell line.
- A Variation of the MB:DNA ratio over an amplitude of 431 kPa.
- B Variation of the MB:DNA ratio in the absence of US.
- C Variation of acoustic pressure/amplitude over a stable MB:DNA ratio (1:2).
- EXAMPLE Design, development and properties of microbubbles to deliver active ingredients in a targeted manner
- a new formulation of gas microbubbles has been developed. These microbubbles are particularly advantageous, since they make it possible to both encapsulate different types of active ingredients, such as nucleic acids, and to deliver them in a localized manner after activation by focused ultrasound ( Figure 1).
- a new device has also been developed, allowing ultrasound to be sent into the mouse brain in a targeted manner. This system is coupled to these original gas microbubbles allowing the encapsulation and delivery of active ingredients.
- the gas microbubble formulation is activated then using a stirrer, the active ingredient can be present in the formulation or can be added after activation of the formulation.
- the device is positioned at the coordinates corresponding to the delivery site desired by the user in a motorized manner.
- the original microbubbles developed here are capable of crossing the BBB.
- the positioning system developed can be implemented with a brain atlas making it possible to locate the brain structures to be treated.
- the gas microbubbles are injected systemically then the ultrasound is sent.
- the device can be implemented with a passive cavitation detection system allowing real-time control of the activation of microbubbles by ultrasound.
- Gas microbubble formulations make it possible to encapsulate or co-encapsulate different active ingredients:
- lipid-soluble active ingredients such as chemotherapeutic agents (e.g. paclitaxel), particularly on the surface and/or in the envelope of the microbubble;
- chemotherapeutic agents e.g. paclitaxel
- anionic active ingredients such as nucleic acids (plasmid DNA, small RNAs, messenger RNAs, etc.; e.g. for gene therapy), for example using cationic lipids;
- proteins or peptides such as cell penetrating peptides (CPP)
- CPP cell penetrating peptides
- microbubbles have been developed; one based on lipophosphoramidates the other based on histidylated polyethyleneimine coupled to a fatty acid. These microbubbles have already shown their effectiveness in vitro and in vivo as an ultrasound theranostic (therapy and imaging) agent.
- the blood-brain barrier was transiently permeabilized without danger for the animal, this was validated by MRI imaging and histology. Expression of a luciferase transgene was detected after the sonoporation protocol.
- Example 1 Microbubbles comprising lipophosphoramidates
- the first step in MB production involves mixing different lipids depending on the desired microbubble type.
- Lipids KLN27 and MM30 come from a collaboration with the University of Brest (Berchel). These are phosphoramidate lipids, LIPIDE1 (KLN27) is cationic in nature while LIPIDE2 (MM30) is used as a fusogenic lipid (lipid that can fuse to membranes, notably used to promote endosomal escape). All other lipids used (DMPC, DSPC, DMPE-PEG2000, DSPE-PEG2000, DSPE-PEG2000biot) were from Avanti Polar Lipids (Alabaster, AL, USA). The different lipids are mixed in a flask in the presence of absolute ethanol (99.96% pure). During this step, PTX solubilized in absolute ethanol (10 mM, Merck, Germany) is added according to the formulation (Table 2).
- Table 2 List of formulations used. The proportions of the different lipids constituting the envelope are indicated in molar percentage, relative to the total molar quantity of lipids.
- the mixture is evaporated using a Rotavapor (Büchi, Schwabach, Germany) for 30 min, 20 rpm at 60° C.
- a lipid film forms in the flask.
- the lipid film formed is taken up in 2 mL of HEPES (10 mM, pH 7.4) then sonicated for 5 min in order to obtain a homogeneous lipid solution (Figure 11).
- the solution is then distributed in equal volume in 4 crimp vials (VWR International, Radnor, PA, USA) which will be stored for 1 hour at -80° C. Finally, the vials are placed in a lyophilizer (Bioblock Scientific, Illkirch, France). for one night.
- the vials are manually crimped and stored at 4°C before being activated.
- Activation consists of replacing the air in the vial with perfluorobutane (C4F10, F2 Chemical, UK) by overpressure, then rehydrating the lyophilisate with 500 ⁇ l of a 10 mM HEPES solution.
- the vials are shaken for 45 s using a VIALMIX (Bristol Myers Squibb, USA). This step allows the formation of microbubbles in the bottle; however, it is necessary to wait 5 minutes after shaking before taking a sample. Once a bottle is activated, it can be kept for a few days at 4°C.
- MBs comprising the phosphoramidate lipid KLN25 are also prepared according to the method described above (paragraph 1.1.1.1).
- the proportions of the different lipids constituting the envelope in molar percentage, relative to the total molar quantity of lipids, are as follows:
- MB comprising dipalmitoyl phosphoramidates
- MBs comprising the dipalmitoyl phosphoramidate lipids are also prepared according to the method described above (paragraph 1.1.1.1).
- the proportions of the different lipids constituting the envelope in molar percentage, relative to the total molar quantity of lipids, are as follows:
- MBs comprising the disteraoyl phosphoramidate lipids are also prepared according to the method described above (paragraph 1.1.1.1).
- the proportions of the different lipids constituting the envelope in molar percentage, relative to the total molar quantity of lipids, are as follows:
- anionic microbubbles (MBa) is carried out according to the method described in paragraph 2.1.1 below.
- the microbubbles are observed by an inverted microscope (Nikon Diaphot 300 invert) connected to a computer. This installation allows photography to be taken by a FASTCAM SA7 camera (Photron, USA) and ICcapture® software. The photos are taken with different lenses (x10, x20, x40) then processed by ImageJ®. The processing consists of an 8-bit conversion of the image followed by thresholding allowing the detection of MB contours. Subsequently, a particle analysis allows the counting as well as obtaining the size. In order to carry out this characterization, the microbubbles are diluted 10th or 100th in HEPES (10 mM, pH 7.4) then placed on a Malassez slide.
- HEPES 10 mM, pH 7.4
- the potential C corresponds to the overall charge of a particle at the level of its shear plane (surface of the particle). This is measured using the Nano partica SZ-100 (Horiba, Japan). In order to carry out the measurements, 30 pL of MB are diluted in 970 pL of 10 mM HEPES pH 7.4. The analysis is done at 25°C.
- the size and concentration of the microbubbles prepared according to the present example are evaluated by optical imaging.
- Figure 3 presents the results obtained for the different formulations in Table 2.
- the size information collected shows an average diameter of 1.41 pm for MBc and 1.41 pm for MBc-PTX, while it is 1.55 pm For MBc-t.
- the MBc-tPTX have an average diameter of 1.98 ⁇ m.
- Concerning the anionic microbubbles, the anionic MB (MBa) have an average size of 1.41 pm.
- the concentrations of the different formulations are summarized in Table 3. The distribution in size and concentration remains homogeneous between the two main categories of microbubbles (cationic and anionic). Generally speaking, anionic MBs (similar to commercial MBs) are similar in size to cationic MBs, but higher in concentration.
- MBc-tPTX containing biotinylated lipids as well as PTX are those with the largest size and the lowest concentration. However, the size distribution of MB remains less than 10 ⁇ m, allowing their injection in vivo.
- Table 3 Summary table of the concentrations and average sizes of the different MB formulations.
- Figure 4 presents the potential measurements of the developed formulations. These results do not show a significant change in overall charge when MBcs are functionalized with PTX, biotin, or both at the same time. These remain positive (average MBc: +28.8 mV).
- the MBa formulation does not have KLN27 (cationic lipid) and therefore serves as a control, its charge is -23.4 mV.
- Figure 5 presents the results obtained for the formulations comprising KLN25 and confirms the possibility of forming MBs comprising KLN25.
- the size and concentration distribution of MBs comprising KLN25 is comparable to that of MBs comprising KLN27.
- Figure 6 presents the complexation capacity of MBc microbubbles (possessing the cationic lipid KLN27) in the presence of 1 pg of plasmid DNA (pLuc plasmid).
- pLuc plasmid plasmid DNA
- a culture in Ibidi® of hCMEC/D3 cells stimulated for the production of VEGFR is carried out, then a flow analysis of the MBs by optical microscopy is carried out.
- 6-channel flow culture plates Ibidi® p-Slide VIO.4, Clinisciences
- TGFB TGFB
- microbubbles In order to analyze the fixation of the microbubbles, a field of observation is chosen. Different types of microbubbles are used (described in Table 2 above). Following analyzes carried out by flow cytometry, certain microbubbles are functionalized with the antibody directed against the VEGF receptor (VEGFR2). To do this, 1.23 ⁇ l of streptavidin (15 mM) are incubated in the presence of 0.3465 ⁇ l of anti-VEGFR2-Biot antibody (Anti-mouse CD309, 0.5 mg/mL, eBioscience) in order to obtain a ratio of 2.5 moles of antibodies per mole of streptavidin.
- VEGFR2 VEGF receptor
- the rest of the experiment consists of a succession of washing of the cells in culture. First of all, a first wash of 10 min with PBS takes place, at a flow rate of 0.137 mL/min (0.25 dyn/cm 2 ). Then, the injection of the MB contained in 1 mL is carried out for 15 min at the same flow rate, followed by a first rinse for 10 min with PBS, then a second rinse for 10 min at 0.275 mL/min (0.5 dyn/cm 2 ), to finish with a third rinse of 10 min at 0.550 mL/min (1 dyn/cm 2 ), followed by a final rinse at 1.1 mL/min (2 dyn/cm 2 ). Photographs of the canal are taken every minute from the injection. The series of photos is then processed on ImageJ® to obtain a count of the number of MB per minute.
- the targeting capacity of microbubbles towards the VEGF receptor was evaluated in vitro in real time using a culture chamber allowing the establishment of a flow.
- the cells used for this analysis are hCMEC/D3 endothelial cells, stimulated or not by TGFB. Different formulations were tested on these cells in order to evaluate the effect of different constituents on the binding capacity of microbubbles (Figure 9).
- Figure 9A presents the results obtained for the MBa anionic formulation.
- Figures 9B and 9C present the results obtained for the cationic formulation MBc tPTX (incorporating PTX and biotinylated lipids). This formulation is tested on cells stimulated at 24 h and 48 h. The injection and washing speeds are halved compared to Figure 9A, so as not to stress the cells too quickly.
- the cationic microbubbles are functionalized with the anti-VEGFR2 antibody, they bind in greater numbers compared to microbubbles not functionalized for the antibody ( Figures 9B, 9C). Without nucleic acid complexation, the number of fixed MBs possessing the antibody is approximately 110% higher than the number of MB fixed without antibodies.
- the hairs located on the mouse skull must be removed to allow perfect transmission of US between the skin and the ultrasound probe.
- the mouse is anesthetized using an oxygen/air mixture 1.5% isoflurane (Vetflurane, France) throughout the experiment.
- a catheter equipped with a 26G needle is placed in the tail vein to allow intravenous injections.
- An injection of Evan’s blue (5%, saline solution 1 mL/kg) is performed.
- Evan's blue is a dye that binds to circulating albumin and does not naturally pass the BBB; its extravasation is however visible after opening via MB+FUS, allowing us to obtain information on the location of the area targeted by our protocol once the brain is extracted from the cranium.
- the mouse is placed in the cradle of the in vivo sonoporation platform ( Figure 10).
- FUS is applied using a 54 mm diameter single element focused ultrasound transducer (Precision Acoustics, UK).
- the transducer is placed in a sealed cylinder filled with degassed water and closed by a membrane. The presence of bubbles should be avoided to avoid poor propagation of the US.
- the transducer is positioned on a motorized control platform connected to a computer, allowing it to be moved using Repetier software. Targeting the transfection zone is done visually using a pointer located at the transducer. The chosen zone corresponds to half the eye-ear distance at the level of the left hemisphere (zone 2).
- Ultrasound conduction gel is applied to the mouse skull to allow US transmission. After pointing, the transducer positions itself on the pointed area and then descends into contact with the gel.
- a solution of 30 ⁇ g of pDNA diluted in 60 ⁇ L of 10 mM HEPES pH 7.4 and 20 ⁇ L 20% sucrose is prepared. This solution is incubated for 2 min in the presence of 120 ⁇ L of MBc then injected intravenously into the mouse. Ten seconds after the end of the injection, the US are sent for 60 s (1 MHz, 5% duty cycle, pulse duration 1 sec). Two sound pressures were tested: 109 kPa and 145 kPa. After application of US, the mice are awakened.
- mice transfected with the plasmid encoding luciferase are euthanized and their brains are removed. This is divided into 6 parts, zones 1, 2, and 3 correspond to the left part of the brain and zones 4, 5, 6 to the right part.
- the area of transfection targeted by our protocol is located in zone 2 visualized thanks to the extravasation of Evan's blue ( Figure 11).
- the results presented in Figure 12 show strong luciferase activity (between 5.5x10 3 and 1.05x10 4 RLU/mg proteins) in zones 2 and 3 of the mouse brain, for the two ultrasound powers used.
- the expression of luciferase is very significantly different between zones 2 and 4 as well as for 2 and 5 for a power of 109 kPa.
- the results obtained at 145 kPa are not significantly different from those obtained at 109 kPa.
- Luciferase activity is low in areas 1, 4, 5 and 6 of the brain (less than 10 3 RLU/mg protein). It should be noted that these values are close to those of the background of non-transfected tissues.
- zones 1 and 3 may present luciferase activity.
- a strong expression of luciferase is therefore essentially measured in the left hemisphere (targeting location) and not in the right hemisphere, confirming the possibility of using focused ultrasound coupled with cationic microbubbles in order to deliver d. nucleic acids.
- mice transfected with different plasmids were made in order to study the transfection zone as well as the cell types involved.
- the transfection zones are determined by observing the extravasation of Evan’s Blue on the cut.
- Example 2 Microbubbles comprising histidylated polyethylenimines (MBPEI)
- MBa anionic microbubbles
- DSPC distearoylphosphatidylcholine
- DSPE 1,2-distearoyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphoethanolamine-N-[methoxy (polyethylene glycol) -2000]
- Activation of the vials consists of replacing the air contained inside with a high molecular weight gas, perfluorobutane (C4Fio, F2 Chemical, UK), then adding 500 pL of HEPES (10 mM, pH 7, 4, filtered with a 0.2 ⁇ m filter) into the vial using a syringe.
- HEPES perfluorobutane
- the vials are then shaken for 45 seconds using a VIALMIX (Bristol Myers Squibb, USA).
- VIALMIX Billristol Myers Squibb, USA
- Cationic MBs comprising histidylated polyethylenimines are produced according to a process comprising steps similar to those described in paragraph 2.1.1 above (production of MB1).
- PEI lipids Polyethyleneimine + Stearic Acid
- the method of activating these microbubbles is similar to that of MB1.
- the MBs thus produced are called MBPElhis.
- the microbubbles are observed by an inverted microscope (Nikon Diaphot 300 invert) connected to a computer. This installation allows photography to be taken by a FASTCAM SA7 camera (Photron, USA) and ICcapture® software. The photos are taken with different lenses (x10, x20, x40) then processed by ImageJ®. The processing consists of an 8-bit conversion of the image followed by thresholding allowing the detection of MB contours. Subsequently, a particle analysis allows the counting as well as obtaining the size. In order to carry out this characterization, the microbubbles are diluted 10th or 100th in HEPES (10 mM, pH 7.4) then placed on a Malassez slide.
- HEPES 10 mM, pH 7.4
- the in vitro sonoporation experiments were carried out on the HeLa and HepG2 cell lines, at a rate of 20,000 cells/well (HeLa) and 30,000 cells/well (HepG2), with the DNAs plasmids encoding the GFP protein.
- each sonoporation condition was carried out in duplicate on 48-well culture plates. Sonoporation transfections were carried out in 190 pL of Opti-MEMTM medium, with 10 pL of an MB/pDNA complexation solution. Each of the transfection conditions in the presence of US was treated for a period of 1 min.
- the culture plates were incubated at 37°C in a 5% CO2 atmosphere for 30 min in Opti-MEMTM medium, then for 48 hours in conventional culture medium at 37°C with 5% CO2. Analysis of the transfection results by fluorescence microscopy was carried out 24 hours after sonoporation.
- the size and concentration of the MB prepared according to the present example are evaluated by optical imaging.
- Figure 13 presents the results obtained for the different formulations.
- the size information collected shows an average diameter of 1.55 pm for the MBa and 1.31 pm for the MBPElhis.
- the size distribution of MBPElhis is less than 10 ⁇ m, allowing their injection in vivo.
- the average concentration is 2.18x1O 10 MB/mL for MBa and 8.51 x10 9 MB/mL 1.31 pm for MBPElhis.
- the inventors have notably shown that, surprisingly, the lipid microbubbles thus developed have significantly improved stability, unlike the microbubbles described in the prior art.
- the data also reveals that these optimized microbubbles are capable of delivering different types of agents of interest, including nucleic acids, more efficiently than the microbubbles described in the prior art.
- these microbubbles are capable of crossing the vessels as well than the BBB.
- the inventors have also demonstrated that the localized application of ultrasound makes it possible to target these optimized microbubbles very precisely towards the area to be treated. These data thus reveal the therapeutic potential of these lipid microbubbles to treat numerous pathologies in a targeted manner, including pathologies of the central nervous system, vascular pathologies, cancers, and tumors.
- the data also shows that these optimized microbubbles are detection and imaging tools.
- the present invention therefore provides both powerful and broad-spectrum treatment methods for pathologies, as well as effective and reliable diagnostic methods.
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Abstract
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Applications Claiming Priority (2)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| FR2205492A FR3136375B1 (fr) | 2022-06-08 | 2022-06-08 | Microbulles lipidiques pour la délivrance ciblée d’actifs |
| PCT/FR2023/050819 WO2023237842A1 (fr) | 2022-06-08 | 2023-06-08 | Microbulles lipidiques pour la delivrance ciblee d'actifs |
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| EP4536284A1 true EP4536284A1 (fr) | 2025-04-16 |
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| EP23736165.4A Pending EP4536284A1 (fr) | 2022-06-08 | 2023-06-08 | Microbulles lipidiques pour la delivrance ciblee d'actifs |
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| EP (1) | EP4536284A1 (fr) |
| JP (1) | JP2025521199A (fr) |
| KR (1) | KR20250043339A (fr) |
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| FR3162989A1 (fr) * | 2024-06-05 | 2025-12-12 | Centre National De La Recherche Scientifique | Microbulle comprenant un polymere ou copolymere fluore et un gaz fluore |
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| FR2928373B1 (fr) * | 2008-03-05 | 2010-12-31 | Centre Nat Rech Scient | Polymere derive de la polyethylenimine lineaire pour le transfert de gene. |
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- 2022-06-08 FR FR2205492A patent/FR3136375B1/fr active Active
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- 2023-06-08 WO PCT/FR2023/050819 patent/WO2023237842A1/fr not_active Ceased
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- 2023-06-08 JP JP2024571890A patent/JP2025521199A/ja active Pending
- 2023-06-08 KR KR1020247041193A patent/KR20250043339A/ko active Pending
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| KR20250043339A (ko) | 2025-03-28 |
| FR3136375B1 (fr) | 2025-07-18 |
| WO2023237842A1 (fr) | 2023-12-14 |
| JP2025521199A (ja) | 2025-07-08 |
| FR3136375A1 (fr) | 2023-12-15 |
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