EP4522445A1 - Fahrzeug mit brennstoffzellensystem, sowie verfahren zu dessen betrieb - Google Patents
Fahrzeug mit brennstoffzellensystem, sowie verfahren zu dessen betriebInfo
- Publication number
- EP4522445A1 EP4522445A1 EP23711738.7A EP23711738A EP4522445A1 EP 4522445 A1 EP4522445 A1 EP 4522445A1 EP 23711738 A EP23711738 A EP 23711738A EP 4522445 A1 EP4522445 A1 EP 4522445A1
- Authority
- EP
- European Patent Office
- Prior art keywords
- compressor unit
- vehicle
- compressed air
- air
- compressor
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Withdrawn
Links
- 239000000446 fuel Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 79
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title claims description 16
- 238000011144 upstream manufacturing Methods 0.000 claims description 16
- 238000012545 processing Methods 0.000 description 9
- 230000006835 compression Effects 0.000 description 4
- 238000007906 compression Methods 0.000 description 4
- 230000003213 activating effect Effects 0.000 description 3
- 230000004913 activation Effects 0.000 description 2
- QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N atomic oxygen Chemical compound [O] QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 229910052760 oxygen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 239000001301 oxygen Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000002485 combustion reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000005056 compaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000012790 confirmation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000007547 defect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000013461 design Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000011161 development Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000004146 energy storage Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000002474 experimental method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000002349 favourable effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000012530 fluid Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000009434 installation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000012360 testing method Methods 0.000 description 1
Classifications
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
- B60L—PROPULSION OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; SUPPLYING ELECTRIC POWER FOR AUXILIARY EQUIPMENT OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRODYNAMIC BRAKE SYSTEMS FOR VEHICLES IN GENERAL; MAGNETIC SUSPENSION OR LEVITATION FOR VEHICLES; MONITORING OPERATING VARIABLES OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRIC SAFETY DEVICES FOR ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES
- B60L58/00—Methods or circuit arrangements for monitoring or controlling batteries or fuel cells, specially adapted for electric vehicles
- B60L58/30—Methods or circuit arrangements for monitoring or controlling batteries or fuel cells, specially adapted for electric vehicles for monitoring or controlling fuel cells
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
- B60L—PROPULSION OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; SUPPLYING ELECTRIC POWER FOR AUXILIARY EQUIPMENT OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRODYNAMIC BRAKE SYSTEMS FOR VEHICLES IN GENERAL; MAGNETIC SUSPENSION OR LEVITATION FOR VEHICLES; MONITORING OPERATING VARIABLES OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRIC SAFETY DEVICES FOR ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES
- B60L1/00—Supplying electric power to auxiliary equipment of vehicles
- B60L1/003—Supplying electric power to auxiliary equipment of vehicles to auxiliary motors, e.g. for pumps, compressors
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M8/00—Fuel cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M8/04—Auxiliary arrangements, e.g. for control of pressure or for circulation of fluids
- H01M8/04082—Arrangements for control of reactant parameters, e.g. pressure or concentration
- H01M8/04089—Arrangements for control of reactant parameters, e.g. pressure or concentration of gaseous reactants
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M8/00—Fuel cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M8/04—Auxiliary arrangements, e.g. for control of pressure or for circulation of fluids
- H01M8/04082—Arrangements for control of reactant parameters, e.g. pressure or concentration
- H01M8/04089—Arrangements for control of reactant parameters, e.g. pressure or concentration of gaseous reactants
- H01M8/04111—Arrangements for control of reactant parameters, e.g. pressure or concentration of gaseous reactants using a compressor turbine assembly
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M8/00—Fuel cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M8/04—Auxiliary arrangements, e.g. for control of pressure or for circulation of fluids
- H01M8/04298—Processes for controlling fuel cells or fuel cell systems
- H01M8/04313—Processes for controlling fuel cells or fuel cell systems characterised by the detection or assessment of variables; characterised by the detection or assessment of failure or abnormal function
- H01M8/0438—Pressure; Ambient pressure; Flow
- H01M8/04425—Pressure; Ambient pressure; Flow at auxiliary devices, e.g. reformers, compressors, burners
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M8/00—Fuel cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M8/04—Auxiliary arrangements, e.g. for control of pressure or for circulation of fluids
- H01M8/04298—Processes for controlling fuel cells or fuel cell systems
- H01M8/04694—Processes for controlling fuel cells or fuel cell systems characterised by variables to be controlled
- H01M8/04746—Pressure; Flow
- H01M8/04753—Pressure; Flow of fuel cell reactants
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M8/00—Fuel cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M8/04—Auxiliary arrangements, e.g. for control of pressure or for circulation of fluids
- H01M8/04298—Processes for controlling fuel cells or fuel cell systems
- H01M8/04694—Processes for controlling fuel cells or fuel cell systems characterised by variables to be controlled
- H01M8/04746—Pressure; Flow
- H01M8/04776—Pressure; Flow at auxiliary devices, e.g. reformer, compressor, burner
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M8/00—Fuel cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M8/06—Combination of fuel cells with means for production of reactants or for treatment of residues
- H01M8/0662—Treatment of gaseous reactants or gaseous residues, e.g. cleaning
- H01M8/0687—Reactant purification by the use of membranes or filters
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M2250/00—Fuel cells for particular applications; Specific features of fuel cell system
- H01M2250/20—Fuel cells in motive systems, e.g. vehicle, ship, plane
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
- Y02E60/00—Enabling technologies; Technologies with a potential or indirect contribution to GHG emissions mitigation
- Y02E60/30—Hydrogen technology
- Y02E60/50—Fuel cells
Definitions
- the present invention relates to a vehicle, in particular a commercial vehicle, with a fuel cell system, which has a first compressor unit for supplying a fuel cell with compressed air, and a second compressor unit for supplying a compressed air system of the vehicle with compressed air.
- Vehicles of the type described above are generally known.
- a compressed air system is understood to mean the compressed air architecture of the vehicle, which supplies all safety-relevant and non-safety-relevant pneumatic consumers of the vehicle with compressed air via one or more line circuits, for example a pneumatic brake system and/or a pneumatic chassis of the vehicle. Due to the special requirements for the control of the fuel cell, fuel cell systems usually have their own dedicated compressor unit to supply the fuel cell with compressed air.
- compressor units of the fuel cell systems usually have turbo compressors that promote much higher throughputs at comparatively low system pressures of the order of 5 bar or less.
- the compressor units of fuel cell systems are usually operated in the high five-digit speed range.
- Both the compressed air supply for the vehicle's compressed air systems and the compressed air supply for the fuel cell systems generally work satisfactorily.
- Compressor units like other components in the vehicle, are electrical consumers. As mobility changes, the energy required to operate the vehicle is increasingly being provided in electrical form in the vehicle and stored in appropriate energy storage devices. The requirement of energy efficiency also affects electrical consumers, and this includes the compressor units.
- the space required for the compressor units represents a design limitation.
- the invention was based on the object of mastering the challenge described above as largely as possible.
- the invention was based on the object of achieving an increase in efficiency in a vehicle of the type described at the outset.
- the invention solves the underlying problem in a vehicle of the type described at the outset in that the first compressor unit has an outlet which is connected in a fluid-conducting manner to an inlet of the second compressor unit by means of a branch line in such a way that a first partial flow of the compressed air output by the first compressor unit Fuel cell is supplied, and a second partial flow, the compressed air output from the first compressor unit is supplied to the second compressor unit.
- the invention is based on the knowledge that the second compressor unit, which is responsible for the compressed air system of the vehicle beyond the fuel cell, has to generate comparatively high pressures, but only requires very small throughput quantities, on the order of ⁇ 1000 l/min at approx. 12.5 bar at the outlet of the second compressor unit, in particular ⁇ 500 l/min at approx. 12.5 bar at the outlet of the second compressor unit.
- This is where the invention comes into play by connecting the outlet of the first compressor unit to the inlet of the second compressor unit by means of the branch line.
- the first The compressor unit hereby becomes the pre-compressor for the second compressor unit.
- the second compressor unit can thereby perform the compression work starting from a higher pressure level, which can lead to a significantly reduced power requirement in relation to the two compressor unit, which is greater the higher the pressure at the outlet of the first compressor unit.
- the second compressor unit can be made significantly smaller overall, which results in both cost advantages and a reduction in installation space. Since the required additional throughput is small relative to the throughput already required by the fuel cell, the first compressor unit does not have to be dimensioned larger - or at least not significantly so. In addition to the significantly lower power consumption, there are also other efficiency-increasing factors that result from connecting the first compressor unit of the fuel cell system and the second compressor unit of the compressed air system in series. The cost advantages particularly affect the cost-intensive components of the compressor units, such as the electrical machines and power electronics.
- the second compressor unit is connected to a compressed air reservoir on the outlet side in a fluid-conducting manner and is set up to additionally compress the compressed air supplied to it by the first compressor unit and to supply it to the compressed air reservoir.
- the second compressor unit can even be advantageous to pass the compressed air through the second compressor unit without additional compression work until the pressure level on the outlet side of the first compressor unit is reached at least once on the outlet side, in particular compressed air storage , and only then begin the additional compaction work.
- the first compressor unit has an air filter which is arranged upstream of the branch line. Further preferably, the first compressor unit has a compressor, and the air filter is arranged upstream of the compressor and is designed to to filter the air supplied to the first compressor unit before entering the compressor.
- the compressor units for the fuel cell system also use multi-stage compressors, which therefore have more than just one compressor stage. To understand the invention, the explanation based on just a single compressor is sufficient. It should be understood that the invention also applies to compressor units that have more than one compressor, whereby it is generally advantageous to position the air filter as far upstream as possible in order to protect the compressor unit from the entry of dirt.
- the fuel cell system in particular the first compressor unit, is set up to be operated with a variable throughput
- the vehicle has a control device that is set up to generate an air request signal for controlling the throughput of the first compressor unit.
- control of the speed is sufficient in particular to control the throughput in the event that an air request signal is present.
- the throughput of the compressor units is referred to according to the invention, this is to be understood as meaning that the throughput can be characterized by the mass flow flowing through the compressor unit, or also by the volume flow and pressure flowing through the compressor unit, preferably on the outlet side.
- the air request signal in the sense of the invention is representative of the additional delivery requirement required by the second partial flow.
- the second compressor unit is preferably set up to operate at a constant operating point, and thus it is possible to predict with good precision how much throughput, ie how much additional delivery requirement, is necessary on the part of the first compressor unit when the second compressor unit has to start operating in order to supply the vehicle's compressed air system with additional compressed air .
- Inlet and outlet pressures of the second compressor unit are known, and the flow rate through the second compressor unit can be selected so that it can be operated at a favorable operating point.
- the air request signal can be a digital signal with the states “0” (no air request signal is present) and “1” (air request signal is present).
- the air request signal can be transmitted as a predetermined current or voltage signal, or as a coded signal, for example via a bus system of the vehicle, such as a CAN bus.
- the first compressor unit is connected to the control unit in a signal-conducting manner and is set up to adapt, in particular to increase, the throughput it conveys depending on the air request signal.
- the first compressor unit controls its throughput so that both the fuel cell can be supplied with the first partial flow and the second compressor unit with the second partial flow.
- the first compressor unit is preferably set up to promote a first throughput in a first operating mode, which is supplied exclusively to the fuel cell when the second compressor unit is inactive, and to promote a second throughput in a second operating mode that is higher than the first throughput, and off in which the first partial flow for the fuel cell and the second partial flow for the compressor unit are formed when the second compressor unit is active.
- the compressor unit is, in other words set up to switch from the first operating mode to the second operating mode as soon as the air request signal is present.
- the first compressor unit is set up to compress the air in the second operating mode to the same initial pressure as in the first operating mode.
- the pressure is preferably in a range below 5 bar, such as from 2 bar to 4 bar. In this way, supplying compressed air to the second compressor unit does not compromise the operation of the fuel cell system.
- the vehicle has a pressure sensor for detecting the air pressure in the compressed air reservoir
- the control device is connected to the pressure sensor in a signal-conducting manner and is set up to generate the air request signal as soon as the air pressure in the compressed air reservoir reaches or falls below a predetermined switch-on pressure.
- the switch-on pressure is preferably in a range of 10 bar or less.
- the compressed air reservoir has a target pressure value, also referred to as operating pressure, for example in the range of 12.5 bar or more.
- the control device preferably generates the air request signal as soon as the air pressure in the compressed air storage is 10% or more below the target pressure value.
- control device is set up to control the second compressor unit to compress the compressed air supplied to it after the air request signal has been generated.
- the control device is set up to control the second compressor unit after a predetermined (first) delay period has elapsed, the delay period being in particular in a range of 0.5 - 3.5 seconds.
- the control device is preferably set up alternatively or additionally to control the second compressor unit after the first compressor unit has transmitted a confirmation signal to the control unit that the throughput has been adjusted.
- the vehicle has a sensor for detecting the throughput of the first compressor unit, for example a mass flow sensor or a volume flow sensor (then preferably in conjunction with a pressure sensor), and the sensor is connected in a signal-conducting manner to the control unit or the second compressor unit and to it set up to send a representative signal for the throughput to the respective unit.
- a sensor for detecting the throughput of the first compressor unit for example a mass flow sensor or a volume flow sensor (then preferably in conjunction with a pressure sensor)
- the sensor is connected in a signal-conducting manner to the control unit or the second compressor unit and to it set up to send a representative signal for the throughput to the respective unit.
- control unit is set up to put the second compressor unit into the active state for as long as the air request signal is present.
- control device is set up to generate the air request signal until the air pressure in the compressed air reservoir has reached or exceeds a predetermined switch-off pressure.
- the switch-off pressure is preferably in a range of 12.0 bar or above.
- the switch-on pressure is in a range of 10% - 15% below the switch-off pressure.
- the first compressor unit is set up to adapt, in particular to reduce, the throughput after a predetermined (second) delay period when the air request signal is omitted.
- the delay period is preferably in a range from 0.5 seconds to 3.5 seconds. This continued promotion of higher throughput also serves to avoid undersupply.
- the fuel cell system has a control device, for example a fuel cell controller, which is set up to control the first compressor unit and which is connected to the control device in a signal-conducting manner.
- the connection between the control unit of the fuel cell system and the control unit of the compressed air system could be ensured, for example, via a CAN bus or a similar bus connection.
- the control device can also be integrated into the fuel cell control in terms of hardware or software.
- the vehicle has an air processing module connected downstream of the second compressor unit, the control device preferably being integrated into the air processing module.
- the control device can alternatively be designed as a dedicated, independent control device.
- the control unit can, for example, alternatively be assigned to the second compressor unit, or can also be integrated into its control in terms of hardware or software.
- the air processing module described above also referred to as an APU, and in particular as an eAPU (Air Processing Unit), preferably comprises an air dryer and/or a valve arrangement such as a multi-circuit protection valve, and/or a pressure sensor. If the air treatment module includes the control device, the control device is preferably further set up to regulate the pressure in the flow process on the outlet side of the second compressor unit, and thus the operation of the compressor, and to generate the air request signal as described above. Depending on the presence of additional logic units in the vehicle, it may also make sense to integrate the control unit into other logic units not named here.
- the vehicle has a bypass line which bridges the first compressor unit and opens upstream of the second compressor unit.
- the inlet for the air to be compressed which otherwise bridges the first compressor unit, is connected directly to the second compressor unit, and the second compressor unit can be operated by bridging the first compressor unit, although at a lower inlet pressure than would be ideal for its operation become.
- the invention has been described above using a first aspect with reference to a vehicle.
- the invention further relates to a method for operating a vehicle, in particular a commercial vehicle.
- the invention solves the problem described at the beginning with such a method in which the method comprises the steps:
- the invention takes advantage of the same advantages and considerations in the second aspect as the vehicle according to the first aspect.
- Preferred embodiments of the vehicle are also preferred embodiments of the method and vice versa.
- the method is further developed with one, several or all of the following features:
- the compressed air supplied to the second compressor unit by the first compressor unit is additionally compressed and supplied to the compressed air storage;
- the air supplied to the first compressor unit is filtered upstream of the branch line, in particular upstream of the first compressor unit;
- the first compressor unit is operated with a variable throughput; an air request signal is generated to control the throughput of the first compressor unit, preferably as soon as an air pressure in the compressed air storage reaches or falls below a predetermined switch-on pressure; further preferably until a predetermined switch-off pressure is reached or exceeded; and or
- the throughput delivered by the first compressor unit is adjusted, in particular increased, depending on the air request signal
- a first throughput is conveyed, which is supplied exclusively to the fuel cell when the second compressor unit is inactive, and in a second operating mode, a second throughput is conveyed, which is higher than the first throughput, and from which the first is conveyed when the second compressor unit is active
- Partial flow for the fuel cell and the second partial flow for the second compressor unit are formed, preferably the air is compressed in the second operating mode to the same initial pressure as in the first operating mode and/or the same throughput is delivered as a second partial flow as in the first operating mode as a total throughput; and or
- the second compressor unit is activated after the air request signal has been generated.
- the throughput delivered by the first compressor unit is adjusted, in particular reduced, after a predetermined delay period from the time the air request signal disappears;
- the first compressor unit is bridged by means of a bypass line, which opens upstream of the second compressor unit.
- Fig. 1 is a schematic representation of a vehicle, according to a preferred exemplary embodiment.
- Fig. 2 shows an exemplary process sequence for the operation of the vehicle according to Fig. 1.
- the vehicle 1 shows a schematic representation of a vehicle 1, which can be a commercial vehicle, for example.
- the vehicle 1 has a fuel cell system 3, which includes a compressor unit 5.
- the compressor unit 5 has at least one (first) compressor 7, which is driven by an electric machine 9.
- the compressor 7 can be, for example, a radial compressor, axial compressor or scroll compressor.
- the compressor unit 5 is set up to suck in air containing oxygen O2 at an inlet 4, compress it to an output pressure pn and output it at an outlet 6 with a throughput D controlled in accordance with the operation of the compressor unit 5.
- Compressed compressed air L is thus supplied to a fuel cell 13 on the cathode side via a main line 8.
- a humidifier 11 is arranged in the main line 8.
- the fuel cell system 3 has a control device 15, which can be constructed as one or more structural units and can be, for example, the fuel cell control, and/or a compressor control device.
- the control device 15 can be designed as a dedicated control device, or can be integrated into the fuel cell 13 or the compressor unit 5 in terms of hardware or software.
- the vehicle 1 also has a compressed air system 17.
- the compressed air system 17 serves to supply safety-relevant and non-safety-relevant pneumatic consumers of the vehicle 1 with compressed air L and has a dedicated compressor unit 19.
- the compressor unit 5 of the fuel cell system 3 is thus a first compressor unit and the compressor unit 19 of the compressed air system 17 is a separate, dedicated second compressor unit.
- the second compressor unit 19 has an electric machine 21, which is set up to drive a (second) compressor 23 of the second compressor unit 19, but could alternatively, for example, also be connected to an internal combustion engine by means of a clutch.
- the compressor is set up to drive a (second) compressor 23 of the second compressor unit 19, but could alternatively, for example, also be connected to an internal combustion engine by means of a clutch.
- the second compressor unit 19 can be designed, for example, as a piston compressor, while the first compressor unit 5 of the fuel cell system is preferably designed as a turbo compressor.
- the second compressor unit 19 of the compressed air system 17 has an inlet
- the second compressor unit 19 is set up to further compress the compressed air L supplied to it via the branch line 10 from the output pressure pu of the first compressor unit 5 to a second output pressure pi_2>pu, and to release this further compressed partial flow T2 via an outlet 26, while above the main line 8 continues to convey compressed air L at pn as the first partial flow Ti to the fuel cell 13.
- the total throughput D is composed of Ti and T2.
- the compressed air system 17 has an air processing module 27 connected downstream of the second compressor unit 19, also referred to as APU (Air Processing Unit) or eAPU (electronic Air Processing Unit).
- the air treatment module 27 is set up to condition, for example dry, the air compressed by the second compressor unit 19 and to supply it directly or indirectly to a compressed air reservoir 29 connected to the air treatment module 27 in a fluid-conducting manner.
- the compressed air system 17 also has a control device 31, which can be integrated into the air treatment module 27, for example in software or hardware, or can be an independent control device.
- the control unit 31 of the compressed air system 17 is set up to control the second compressor unit 19 for operation by means of a compressor control signal Sc.
- the pressure sensor 33 is preferably structurally assigned to the compressed air reservoir 29, but can also be arranged in the fluid line between the air processing module 27 and the compressed air reservoir 29, or be integrated into the air processing module 27.
- the control device 31 is set up to send an air request signal SL to the fuel cell system 3 as soon as the pressure ps in the compressed air storage 29 reaches or falls below a predetermined switch-on pressure ps.
- the switch-on pressure ps is preferably 10-15% or more below the actual operating pressure of the compressed air storage, as described in detail in the general part.
- the control device 31 is set up to send the air request signal Si_ and the compressor control signal Sc for as long as is necessary to supply the compressed air storage 29 with sufficient compressed air L.
- the control device 31 is set up to stop sending the air request signal SL and the compressor control signal Sc when the pressure ps of the compressed air storage 29 has reached or exceeded a switch-off pressure PA, which is preferably 10-15% above PE.
- the signals SL and Sc can be generated and switched off at the same time, but can also be staggered over time, as will be explained in more detail with reference to FIG. 2.
- the fuel cell system 3 is set up to switch the operation of the first compressor unit 5 between a first operating mode Bi and a second operating mode B2 depending on receipt of the air request signal SL.
- the first compressor unit 5 is set up to promote and compress a first throughput Di, which is sufficient for operation of the fuel cell 13, in particular for operation with excess oxygen.
- the first compressor unit 5 is set up to promote a second throughput D2 in the second operating mode B2, which is so much larger than the first throughput Di that the second partial flow T2 is additionally conveyed without the output pressure meme falling.
- the second operating mode B2 is usually activated when the control unit 31 of the compressed air system 17 activates the second compressor unit 19 by sending the compressor control signal Sc in order to increase the pressure in the compressed air reservoir 29.
- the throughput D2 which is present at the outlet 6 of the first compressor unit 5 is divided into the first partial flow Ti and the second partial flow T2, the first partial flow Ti preferably having a throughput that is exactly as high as Di in the first Operating mode Bi.
- the additional throughput (D2 - Di) flows as the second partial flow T2 through the branch line 10 into the first compressor unit 19.
- the vehicle 1 has an air filter 34, which is designed to clean the air O2 sucked in by the fuel cell system 3 before entering the first compressor unit 5 in a generally known manner.
- Connecting the first compressor unit of the fuel cell system in series with the second compressor unit 19 of the compressed air system 17 results in a further specific advantage of the invention: only a single air filter 34 is required for contamination-free operation of both compressor units 5, 19.
- the air filter 34 can be assigned to the fuel cell system 3, but it can also, as indicated here in FIG. 1, be connected upstream of the fuel cell system 3 as a dedicated structural unit. Even in bridging operation by means of the bypass line 37, the air filter 34 is active and is then used, bypassing the first compressor unit 5, to directly filter the stream of air O2 supplied exclusively to the second compressor unit 19.
- the application described above which is considered the main application, requires simultaneous operation of the first compressor unit 5 and the second compressor unit 19 over at least certain time periods in the second operating mode B2.
- the vehicle 1 has a bypass line 37, which extends from an outlet 35 upstream of the compressor 7 to a connection piece 41 in the branch line 10.
- a non-return element 39 prevents an unwanted backflow of compressed air L in the direction of the outlet 35.
- FIG. 2 An exemplary process sequence for the operation of the vehicle 1 according to FIG. 1 is illustrated in FIG. 2.
- step 101 of the method 100 the vehicle 1 is operated for driving.
- step 105 the fuel cell 13 is driven in the first operating mode Bi to deliver a first throughput Di of compressed air L.
- a fuel cell is supplied with compressed air by means of a first compressor unit.
- the control unit 31 If the vehicle 1 requires compressed air from the compressed air system 17 for its operation, this is made available from the compressed air storage 29. As soon as it is recognized in a step 107 that the pressure ps reaches or falls below the switch-on pressure PE, the control unit 31 generates the air request signal SL in step 109, as a result of which in step 1 1 1 the first compressor unit 5 is in the second operating mode B2 to control the second Throughput D2 is initiated. As soon as the required throughput D2 for the two partial flows Ti, T2 has been reached and/or after a predetermined first delay period ti has elapsed, which is checked in step 113, the second compressor unit 19 is also activated by means of the compressor control signal Sc in step 115 Start of operation activated.
- a method step 1 16 of supplying the compressed air system 17 of the vehicle 1 with compressed air L by means of the second compressor unit 19 is carried out, the first partial flow Ti being the one output by the first compressor unit 5 Compressed air L is supplied to the fuel cell 13, and the second partial flow T2 of the compressed air L output from the first compressor unit 5 is supplied to the second compressor unit 19.
- the air request signal SL continues to be present during this time.
- the simultaneous operation of both compressor units 5, 19 continues as long as the pressure ps still needs to be increased in the compressed air reservoir 29.
- step 117 As soon as it is determined in step 117 that the pressure ps reaches or exceeds the switch-off pressure PA, the operation of the second compressor unit is stopped by turning off the compressor control signal Sc in step 121, preferably after maintaining a second delay period t2 in step 119.
- the air request signal SL can also be switched off in step 125 and the operation of only the first compressor unit 5 according to step 105 or no compressor unit according to step 101 can be returned to.
- step 101 of the vehicle 1 If, during operation according to step 101 of the vehicle 1, it is determined during the check according to step 103 that operation of the fuel cell system 3 is not necessary, but in a following step 104 it is determined that the pressure ps in the compressed air reservoir 29 falls below the switch-on pressure ps the compressor control signal Sc is transmitted from the control device 31 to the second compressor unit 19 without first activating the first compressor unit 5, see step 106.
- step 108 the first compressor unit 5 of the fuel cell system 3 is bridged by means of the bypass line 37.
- step 110 the second compressor unit 19 of the compressed air system 17 compresses the air O2 supplied on the inlet side in a third operating mode B3 at ambient pressure (or the inlet pressure upstream of the fuel cell system 3).
- the compressor control signal Sc can be switched off in step 114 and the vehicle can be operated as in step 101.
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Abstract
Description
Claims
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| DE102022111917.3A DE102022111917A1 (de) | 2022-05-12 | 2022-05-12 | Fahrzeug mit Brennstoffzellensystem, sowie Verfahren zu dessen Betrieb |
| PCT/EP2023/056885 WO2023217438A1 (de) | 2022-05-12 | 2023-03-17 | Fahrzeug mit brennstoffzellensystem, sowie verfahren zu dessen betrieb |
Publications (1)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| EP4522445A1 true EP4522445A1 (de) | 2025-03-19 |
Family
ID=85703485
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| EP23711738.7A Withdrawn EP4522445A1 (de) | 2022-05-12 | 2023-03-17 | Fahrzeug mit brennstoffzellensystem, sowie verfahren zu dessen betrieb |
Country Status (5)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| US (1) | US20250070195A1 (de) |
| EP (1) | EP4522445A1 (de) |
| CN (1) | CN119110774A (de) |
| DE (1) | DE102022111917A1 (de) |
| WO (1) | WO2023217438A1 (de) |
Family Cites Families (9)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| DE10006344C2 (de) * | 2000-02-12 | 2003-04-10 | Man Nutzfahrzeuge Ag | Nutzfahrzeug mit Brennstoffzellenanlage |
| US7344787B2 (en) * | 2003-10-29 | 2008-03-18 | General Motors Corporation | Two-stage compression for air supply of a fuel cell system |
| FR2911010B1 (fr) * | 2006-12-27 | 2009-03-06 | Conception & Dev Michelin Sa | Groupe electrogene comportant une pile a combustible |
| DE102008049689A1 (de) * | 2008-09-30 | 2010-04-01 | Daimler Ag | Luftversorgungseinrichtung für einen Brennstoffzellenstapel, Brennstoffzellensystem und Verfahren zum Betreiben einer Luftversorgungseinrichtung |
| CN106907239B (zh) * | 2017-03-08 | 2018-11-09 | 清华大学 | 一种氢燃气轮机和氢燃料电池组合的动力循环系统 |
| DE102018112451A1 (de) * | 2018-05-24 | 2019-11-28 | Man Energy Solutions Se | Vorrichtung zur Luftversorgung einer Brennstoffzelle, vorzugsweise einer mit Wasserstoff betriebenen, Brennstoffzelle |
| DE102018220739A1 (de) | 2018-11-30 | 2020-03-05 | Siemens Mobility GmbH | Vorrichtung zum Betreiben einer Brennstoffzelleneinheit für ein Schienenfahrzeug und Schienenfahrzeug |
| DE102021201474A1 (de) | 2021-02-16 | 2022-08-18 | Knorr-Bremse Systeme für Nutzfahrzeuge GmbH | Betriebsstrategie zur effizienten Druckluftversorgung von Brennstoffzelle und Druckluftsystem |
| WO2022193393A1 (zh) * | 2021-03-19 | 2022-09-22 | 海德韦尔(太仓)能源科技有限公司 | 一种空气压缩装置以及包括空气压缩装置的燃料电池装置 |
-
2022
- 2022-05-12 DE DE102022111917.3A patent/DE102022111917A1/de active Pending
-
2023
- 2023-03-17 CN CN202380039654.2A patent/CN119110774A/zh active Pending
- 2023-03-17 WO PCT/EP2023/056885 patent/WO2023217438A1/de not_active Ceased
- 2023-03-17 EP EP23711738.7A patent/EP4522445A1/de not_active Withdrawn
-
2024
- 2024-11-12 US US18/945,181 patent/US20250070195A1/en active Pending
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| WO2023217438A1 (de) | 2023-11-16 |
| US20250070195A1 (en) | 2025-02-27 |
| CN119110774A (zh) | 2024-12-10 |
| DE102022111917A1 (de) | 2023-11-16 |
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