EP4500567A1 - Verfahren zur betätigung eines laststufenschalters sowie laststufenschaltervorrichtung - Google Patents
Verfahren zur betätigung eines laststufenschalters sowie laststufenschaltervorrichtungInfo
- Publication number
- EP4500567A1 EP4500567A1 EP23735972.4A EP23735972A EP4500567A1 EP 4500567 A1 EP4500567 A1 EP 4500567A1 EP 23735972 A EP23735972 A EP 23735972A EP 4500567 A1 EP4500567 A1 EP 4500567A1
- Authority
- EP
- European Patent Office
- Prior art keywords
- time
- load tap
- tap changer
- actuation
- current
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Granted
Links
Classifications
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01H—ELECTRIC SWITCHES; RELAYS; SELECTORS; EMERGENCY PROTECTIVE DEVICES
- H01H9/00—Details of switching devices, not covered by groups H01H1/00 - H01H7/00
- H01H9/0005—Tap change devices
- H01H9/0038—Tap change devices making use of vacuum switches
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
- H02M—APPARATUS FOR CONVERSION BETWEEN AC AND AC, BETWEEN AC AND DC, OR BETWEEN DC AND DC, AND FOR USE WITH MAINS OR SIMILAR POWER SUPPLY SYSTEMS; CONVERSION OF DC OR AC INPUT POWER INTO SURGE OUTPUT POWER; CONTROL OR REGULATION THEREOF
- H02M3/00—Conversion of DC power input into DC power output
- H02M3/02—Conversion of DC power input into DC power output without intermediate conversion into AC
- H02M3/04—Conversion of DC power input into DC power output without intermediate conversion into AC by static converters
- H02M3/10—Conversion of DC power input into DC power output without intermediate conversion into AC by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode
- H02M3/145—Conversion of DC power input into DC power output without intermediate conversion into AC by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode using devices of a triode or transistor type requiring continuous application of a control signal
- H02M3/155—Conversion of DC power input into DC power output without intermediate conversion into AC by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode using devices of a triode or transistor type requiring continuous application of a control signal using semiconductor devices only
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01H—ELECTRIC SWITCHES; RELAYS; SELECTORS; EMERGENCY PROTECTIVE DEVICES
- H01H9/00—Details of switching devices, not covered by groups H01H1/00 - H01H7/00
- H01H9/54—Circuit arrangements not adapted to a particular application of the switching device and for which no provision exists elsewhere
- H01H9/56—Circuit arrangements not adapted to a particular application of the switching device and for which no provision exists elsewhere for ensuring operation of the switch at a predetermined point in the AC cycle
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
- H02M—APPARATUS FOR CONVERSION BETWEEN AC AND AC, BETWEEN AC AND DC, OR BETWEEN DC AND DC, AND FOR USE WITH MAINS OR SIMILAR POWER SUPPLY SYSTEMS; CONVERSION OF DC OR AC INPUT POWER INTO SURGE OUTPUT POWER; CONTROL OR REGULATION THEREOF
- H02M1/00—Details of apparatus for conversion
- H02M1/08—Circuits specially adapted for the generation of control voltages for semiconductor devices incorporated in static converters
- H02M1/083—Circuits specially adapted for the generation of control voltages for semiconductor devices incorporated in static converters for the ignition at the zero crossing of the voltage or the current
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01H—ELECTRIC SWITCHES; RELAYS; SELECTORS; EMERGENCY PROTECTIVE DEVICES
- H01H9/00—Details of switching devices, not covered by groups H01H1/00 - H01H7/00
- H01H9/0005—Tap change devices
- H01H2009/0061—Monitoring tap change switching devices
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01H—ELECTRIC SWITCHES; RELAYS; SELECTORS; EMERGENCY PROTECTIVE DEVICES
- H01H9/00—Details of switching devices, not covered by groups H01H1/00 - H01H7/00
- H01H9/54—Circuit arrangements not adapted to a particular application of the switching device and for which no provision exists elsewhere
- H01H9/56—Circuit arrangements not adapted to a particular application of the switching device and for which no provision exists elsewhere for ensuring operation of the switch at a predetermined point in the AC cycle
- H01H2009/566—Circuit arrangements not adapted to a particular application of the switching device and for which no provision exists elsewhere for ensuring operation of the switch at a predetermined point in the AC cycle with self learning, e.g. measured delay is used in later actuations
Definitions
- the invention relates to a method for operating an on-load tap changer and an on-load tap changer device.
- switches there are a variety of switches in substations for different tasks and with different requirements. In order to operate the respective switches, they must be driven via a drive system. These switches include on-load tap changers, diverter switches, selectors, double turners, turners, preselectors, circuit breakers, load switches or disconnectors.
- on-load tap changers are used for uninterrupted switching between different winding taps of an electrical equipment, such as a power transformer. This allows, for example, the transformation ratio of the transformer or the inductance of the choke to be changed.
- On-load tap changers are usually operated using a combination of motor drive and spring energy storage. Actuation takes place immediately after the switching command, i.e. at any time.
- the invention proposes a method for operating an on-load tap changer with a drive, a sensor and a control device, wherein a control device receives a switching command for actuating the on-load tap changer; a current curve is recorded via the sensor; a starting time is determined in the current curve at which the switching command to actuate the on-load tap changer was received; a time offset to the starting time is added and from this a time at which the actuation would potentially begin is determined; a time of the next current zero crossing after the time at which the actuation would potentially begin is determined; a time difference between the time at which the actuation would potentially begin and the time of the next current zero crossing is determined; the time difference is added to the starting time in order to determine a new starting time for the actuation; The actuation of the on-load tap changer by the drive begins at the new starting time.
- the method is based on the idea of monitoring the current flow within the on-load tap changer, more precisely within a vacuum interrupter, starting with the actuation of the on-load tap changer or with the opening of the vacuum interrupter exactly at or shortly before the zero crossing of the current. This shortens the burning time of the arc within the vacuum interrupter as much as possible when it is opened. This ensures maximum protection of the vacuum interrupter and in particular the contacts within the vacuum interrupter.
- the precise opening or switching or actuation is made possible by, among other things, predicting future current zero crossings and thus the opening or switching or actuation of the on-load tap changer is based on this.
- a control unit is connected to the drive and at least one sensor.
- the control unit controls the drive, which in turn operates the on-load tap changer. Furthermore, the control unit records the current curve via at least one sensor.
- the sensor detects a current curve and can be arranged at different locations, for example on a vacuum interrupter and/or on the on-load tap changer and/or on the low-voltage side and/or high-voltage side of a tap transformer.
- the current curve before the switching command to actuate the on-load tap changer can be recorded in different ways; in particular, the frequency and the past current zero crossings can be determined and recorded.
- the evaluation of the Current flow preferably takes place in the control device.
- the time of the next current zero crossing is a future current zero crossing and is based on the past current zero crossings of the current curve.
- a future current zero crossing or all future current zero crossings are determined by one or more mathematical methods, in particular fast Furier transformation. Furthermore, a future current zero crossing or all future current zero crossings can be determined using analog electronics.
- the current curve can be detected, for example, by means of a sensor on a vacuum interrupter and/or on-load tap changer and/or on the low-voltage side and/or high-voltage side of a tap transformer.
- the time offset is a value that is caused by or dependent on the mechanics of the drive train.
- the value of the time offset can be adjusted automatically and/or manually. Furthermore, the value of the time offset can be adjusted based on an arc burning time in the vacuum interrupter of the on-load tap changer. Furthermore, the value of the time offset can be adjusted based on an arc burning time of the past switching operations of the on-load tap changer in the vacuum interrupter of the on-load tap changer.
- a further time offset can be subtracted in order to postpone the new start time.
- the actuation of the on-load tap changer does not begin before the zero crossing, but at an earlier time, which is not the time of the next current zero crossing.
- the control device can be designed in any way and in particular include means that control a drive in order to operate the on-load tap changer and carry out the method according to the invention.
- an on-load tap changer device comprising: an on-load tap changer; a sensor; a drive; a control device; wherein the control device is set up for this purpose to receive a switching command to operate the on-load tap changer; to record a current curve via the sensor; to determine a starting time in the current curve at which the switching command to actuate the on-load tap changer was received; to add a time offset to the start time and from this to determine a time at which the actuation would potentially begin; determine a time of a next current zero crossing after the time at which actuation would potentially begin; determine a time difference between the time at which actuation would potentially begin and the time of the next current zero crossing; to add the time difference to the start time and to use this to determine a new start time for the actuation; to begin at the new starting time by activating the on-load tap changer using the drive.
- the on-load tap changer device consisting of an on-load tap changer with a vacuum interrupter, a drive, a sensor and a control device, makes it possible to take into account the time offset of the mechanics during a load changeover and thus open a vacuum interrupter at zero current crossing.
- the on-load tap changer device can have a further sensor for measuring the arc burning time.
- Figure 1 shows a step transformer with an on-load tap changer
- Figure 2 shows a process flow
- FIG. 3 is a diagram to explain the method
- FIG. 4 shows another diagram to explain the method.
- FIG. 1 shows an on-load tap changer device 1 for carrying out load switching.
- the on-load tap changer device 1 comprises a control device 2, at least one sensor 5 and an on-load tap changer 4.
- the control device 2 is connected to a drive of the on-load tap changer 4.
- the control device 2 is set up and designed to control the drive 3 so that it operates the on-load tap changer 4.
- the control device 2 is connected to a sensor 5 or several sensors 5, which measures a current that flows through a vacuum interrupter 6 and thus through the on-load tap changer 4 and a tap transformer 7.
- the control device 2 is designed and set up to measure and evaluate the current detected by the sensor 5 or the sensors 5. In particular, the control device 2 determines the current curve, i.e.
- the sensor 5 can be arranged, for example, on the step transformer 7, in particular on the high-voltage side 8 or the low-voltage side 9. Furthermore, a sensor 5 can be arranged in the on-load tap changer 4, directly on the vacuum interrupter 6 or at any other position that is suitable for detecting the course of the current.
- the control device 2 is further designed and set up to predict or calculate future current zero crossing times.
- the control unit 2 therefore accordingly has a computing unit and/or a processor and/or a memory.
- the drive 3 is mechanically connected to the on-load tap changer 4 and thus also to the vacuum interrupter 6 via a drive train 10.
- the drive train 10 is understood to be the sum of the mechanical elements or mechanics between the motor drive 3 and the vacuum interrupter 6, such as shafts, toggle levers, rollers, etc.
- the control device 2 can be arranged as an independent device on the step transformer 7 or in a control room. Furthermore, the control device 2 can be designed as part of a drive control of the on-load tap changer 4 or as part of a voltage regulator. The control device 2 is designed and set up to control the drive 3.
- Another sensor 15 is provided, which is connected to the control device 2.
- the further sensor 15 is set up and designed to detect an arc burning time in the vacuum interrupter 6.
- the control device 2 evaluates the detected arc burning time. Ideally, the vacuum interrupter 6 is opened at zero current crossing, so that no arc occurs inside the vacuum interrupter 6 and the arc burning time is zero. If the vacuum interrupter 6 is actuated while a current is still flowing through the vacuum interrupter 6, an arc is created until it breaks off and goes out.
- This arc burning time also depends on the time offset TV. This also includes the arc burning time from past circuits used to adjust the time offset TV. The evaluation and adjustment takes place in the control device 2.
- the step transformer 7 has a main winding 11 and a control winding 12.
- the on-load tap changer 4 is connected to the control winding 12 via the winding taps 13.
- the main winding 11 and the control winding 12 are arranged on the high-voltage side 8 (in rare cases also on the low-voltage side).
- the step transformer 10 has an undervoltage winding 14, which is inductively coupled to the main winding 11 and the control winding 12.
- Figure 2 shows a flow chart of a method for carrying out a load changeover using an on-load tap changer 4.
- the control device 2 receives a signal or a switching command to carry out a load changeover using an on-load tap changer or a switching command to start actuating the on-load tap changer 4.
- the signal or switching command is generated, for example, manually or by a voltage regulator.
- a current curve is recorded with the aid of a sensor 4, in particular it is determined when the current that flows through the vacuum interrupter 5 of the on-load tap changer 4 has or assumes the value zero and at what frequency F this happens.
- the past current zero crossing times and their distances from each other are determined. This takes place permanently during operation of the tap transformer, in particular before the switching command and before the on-load tap changer begins to be actuated.
- the current has a sinusoidal curve, which results in regular current zero crossings. Based on the times from the past or on the past current zero crossings, the future current zero crossings or the times in the current course are then predicted. This can be done in a variety of ways, for example by calculating using mathematical methods such as fast Furier transformation.
- the control unit 2 which is designed and set up for this purpose.
- the control unit 2 therefore accordingly has a computing unit and/or a processor and/or a memory.
- the current and future current zero crossing times are determined via a signal from the sensor, which, depending on its design, only samples or outputs current zero crossings or the entire sinusoidal curve.
- the current starting time TO is determined.
- This starting time TO corresponds to the time at which the signal to actuate the on-load tap changer 4 generated in the control device 2 or received by the control device 2. This is drawn in the course of the stream. Since the drive train 10 has a time offset TV caused by the mechanics, this must be taken into account when actuating the on-load tap changer 4 or opening the vacuum interrupter 6.
- the offset TV caused by the mechanics is determined by the design implementation of the drive train 10. This includes, for example, the rotary movement of a cam or a lever, which must first cover a distance until, for example, a force or movement can be transmitted to the vacuum interrupter 6.
- the actuation or opening of the vacuum interrupter 6 does not take place immediately after the signal for actuation or at the beginning, but with the corresponding time offset TV.
- the aim of every actuation of the on-load tap changer 4 is to open the vacuum interrupter 6 at the current zero crossing or approximately, i.e. shortly before the current zero crossing. Since the information about the future current zero crossing times or current zero crossings, the starting time TO and the offset TV, are known in the control device 2, a corresponding starting time T1 is calculated for the start of the circuit. In other words, actuation only begins when there is a current zero crossing in the vacuum interrupter 6 at the end of the time offset TV of the drive train 10. In the next step 33, the time offset TV is added to the starting time TO and thus the time TB is determined at which the vacuum interrupter 6 would actually be opened.
- a next step 34 the time TG is determined at which the next current zero crossing - a future current zero crossing - would occur after the time TB of the potential start of the actuation. Based on the times TB and TG, a time difference TD between these times is determined in the next step 35. This difference TD is in turn used to shift the starting time TO to a new starting time T1 in the next step 36.
- the circuit is started or carried out at the newly determined starting time T1.
- the drive 3 is controlled by the control unit 2.
- the time offset TV has a value of a few milliseconds adapted to the drive train 10. This value can either be fixed or adjusted. The adjustment can be done automatically or manually. An adjustment can be useful, for example, if wear occurs in the drive train or parts are replaced. Furthermore, the arc burning time can also be used to adjust the time offset.
- Figure 3 serves to illustrate the method according to the invention.
- the current curve over time (in ms) within a closed vacuum interrupter 6 or the on-load tap changer 4 is plotted on the X axis.
- the Y-axis shows the level of current in A.
- the course of the current or the course of the current is sinusoidal or approximately sinusoidal.
- the curve of the current curve intersects the X-axis at the zero crossings (zero current crossings).
- the time TB at which actuation would potentially begin is not at a current zero crossing. Therefore, a suitable time TG at which no current would flow through the vacuum interrupter 6 when opened is determined. This time TG is the next current zero crossing after time TB. The next current zero crossing is determined based on past current zero crossings.
- the time period TD between these two points is calculated, for example as a difference. This time period TD is then added to the starting time TO and then forms the new starting time T1 at which the actual actuation or opening then begins. This ensures that the opening or actuation of the vacuum interrupter 6 begins at zero current crossing.
- a further offset TD1 is subtracted.
- This offset TD1 ensures that the opening of the vacuum interrupter does not begin immediately at the current zero crossing, but a few milliseconds at an earlier time (TF), i.e. shortly before.
Landscapes
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Power Engineering (AREA)
- Control Of Electrical Variables (AREA)
- High-Tension Arc-Extinguishing Switches Without Spraying Means (AREA)
- Protection Of Transformers (AREA)
Abstract
Description
Claims
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| DE102022117589.8A DE102022117589A1 (de) | 2022-07-14 | 2022-07-14 | Verfahren zur Betätigung eines Laststufenschalters sowie Laststufenschaltervorrichtung |
| PCT/EP2023/066608 WO2024012816A1 (de) | 2022-07-14 | 2023-06-20 | Verfahren zur betätigung eines laststufenschalters sowie laststufenschaltervorrichtung |
Publications (2)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| EP4500567A1 true EP4500567A1 (de) | 2025-02-05 |
| EP4500567B1 EP4500567B1 (de) | 2026-04-15 |
Family
ID=87067008
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| EP23735972.4A Active EP4500567B1 (de) | 2022-07-14 | 2023-06-20 | Verfahren zur betätigung eines laststufenschalters sowie laststufenschaltervorrichtung |
Country Status (7)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| US (1) | US20250373155A1 (de) |
| EP (1) | EP4500567B1 (de) |
| JP (1) | JP2025522008A (de) |
| KR (1) | KR20250036726A (de) |
| CN (1) | CN119343733A (de) |
| DE (1) | DE102022117589A1 (de) |
| WO (1) | WO2024012816A1 (de) |
Family Cites Families (5)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US3735243A (en) * | 1972-04-03 | 1973-05-22 | Gen Electric | Control system for tap changer with vacuum interrupter |
| US4922363A (en) * | 1985-10-17 | 1990-05-01 | General Electric Company | Contactor control system |
| DE19530776C1 (de) * | 1995-08-22 | 1996-12-12 | Reinhausen Maschf Scheubeck | Verfahren zur Überwachung eines Lastumschalters für einen Stufenschalter |
| GB2435943A (en) * | 2006-03-08 | 2007-09-12 | Areva T & D Sa | Hybrid on-load tap changer |
| JP4767141B2 (ja) * | 2006-09-27 | 2011-09-07 | 三菱電機株式会社 | 負荷時タップ切換装置の切換動作制御方法 |
-
2022
- 2022-07-14 DE DE102022117589.8A patent/DE102022117589A1/de active Pending
-
2023
- 2023-06-20 CN CN202380046120.2A patent/CN119343733A/zh active Pending
- 2023-06-20 EP EP23735972.4A patent/EP4500567B1/de active Active
- 2023-06-20 JP JP2025500940A patent/JP2025522008A/ja active Pending
- 2023-06-20 US US18/876,222 patent/US20250373155A1/en active Pending
- 2023-06-20 WO PCT/EP2023/066608 patent/WO2024012816A1/de not_active Ceased
- 2023-06-20 KR KR1020247039996A patent/KR20250036726A/ko active Pending
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| US20250373155A1 (en) | 2025-12-04 |
| JP2025522008A (ja) | 2025-07-10 |
| DE102022117589A1 (de) | 2024-01-25 |
| WO2024012816A1 (de) | 2024-01-18 |
| KR20250036726A (ko) | 2025-03-14 |
| EP4500567B1 (de) | 2026-04-15 |
| CN119343733A (zh) | 2025-01-21 |
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