EP4500084A1 - Düsenbaugruppe mit drallfreier luft- und wasserstoffeinströmung - Google Patents
Düsenbaugruppe mit drallfreier luft- und wasserstoffeinströmungInfo
- Publication number
- EP4500084A1 EP4500084A1 EP23713096.8A EP23713096A EP4500084A1 EP 4500084 A1 EP4500084 A1 EP 4500084A1 EP 23713096 A EP23713096 A EP 23713096A EP 4500084 A1 EP4500084 A1 EP 4500084A1
- Authority
- EP
- European Patent Office
- Prior art keywords
- nozzle
- air
- channel
- combustion chamber
- assembly according
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Pending
Links
Classifications
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
- F23R—GENERATING COMBUSTION PRODUCTS OF HIGH PRESSURE OR HIGH VELOCITY, e.g. GAS-TURBINE COMBUSTION CHAMBERS
- F23R3/00—Continuous combustion chambers using liquid or gaseous fuel
- F23R3/28—Continuous combustion chambers using liquid or gaseous fuel characterised by the fuel supply
- F23R3/283—Attaching or cooling of fuel injecting means including supports for fuel injectors, stems, or lances
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
- F23R—GENERATING COMBUSTION PRODUCTS OF HIGH PRESSURE OR HIGH VELOCITY, e.g. GAS-TURBINE COMBUSTION CHAMBERS
- F23R3/00—Continuous combustion chambers using liquid or gaseous fuel
- F23R3/28—Continuous combustion chambers using liquid or gaseous fuel characterised by the fuel supply
- F23R3/286—Continuous combustion chambers using liquid or gaseous fuel characterised by the fuel supply having fuel-air premixing devices
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
- F23D—BURNERS
- F23D14/00—Burners for combustion of a gas, e.g. of a gas stored under pressure as a liquid
- F23D14/02—Premix gas burners, i.e. in which gaseous fuel is mixed with combustion air upstream of the combustion zone
- F23D14/04—Premix gas burners, i.e. in which gaseous fuel is mixed with combustion air upstream of the combustion zone induction type, e.g. Bunsen burner
- F23D14/08—Premix gas burners, i.e. in which gaseous fuel is mixed with combustion air upstream of the combustion zone induction type, e.g. Bunsen burner with axial outlets at the burner head
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
- F23D—BURNERS
- F23D14/00—Burners for combustion of a gas, e.g. of a gas stored under pressure as a liquid
- F23D14/02—Premix gas burners, i.e. in which gaseous fuel is mixed with combustion air upstream of the combustion zone
- F23D14/04—Premix gas burners, i.e. in which gaseous fuel is mixed with combustion air upstream of the combustion zone induction type, e.g. Bunsen burner
- F23D14/10—Premix gas burners, i.e. in which gaseous fuel is mixed with combustion air upstream of the combustion zone induction type, e.g. Bunsen burner with elongated tubular burner head
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
- F23D—BURNERS
- F23D14/00—Burners for combustion of a gas, e.g. of a gas stored under pressure as a liquid
- F23D14/02—Premix gas burners, i.e. in which gaseous fuel is mixed with combustion air upstream of the combustion zone
- F23D14/04—Premix gas burners, i.e. in which gaseous fuel is mixed with combustion air upstream of the combustion zone induction type, e.g. Bunsen burner
- F23D14/10—Premix gas burners, i.e. in which gaseous fuel is mixed with combustion air upstream of the combustion zone induction type, e.g. Bunsen burner with elongated tubular burner head
- F23D14/105—Premix gas burners, i.e. in which gaseous fuel is mixed with combustion air upstream of the combustion zone induction type, e.g. Bunsen burner with elongated tubular burner head with injector axis parallel to the burner head axis
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
- F23R—GENERATING COMBUSTION PRODUCTS OF HIGH PRESSURE OR HIGH VELOCITY, e.g. GAS-TURBINE COMBUSTION CHAMBERS
- F23R3/00—Continuous combustion chambers using liquid or gaseous fuel
- F23R3/02—Continuous combustion chambers using liquid or gaseous fuel characterised by the air-flow or gas-flow configuration
- F23R3/04—Air inlet arrangements
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
- F23R—GENERATING COMBUSTION PRODUCTS OF HIGH PRESSURE OR HIGH VELOCITY, e.g. GAS-TURBINE COMBUSTION CHAMBERS
- F23R3/00—Continuous combustion chambers using liquid or gaseous fuel
- F23R3/02—Continuous combustion chambers using liquid or gaseous fuel characterised by the air-flow or gas-flow configuration
- F23R3/04—Air inlet arrangements
- F23R3/10—Air inlet arrangements for primary air
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
- F23R—GENERATING COMBUSTION PRODUCTS OF HIGH PRESSURE OR HIGH VELOCITY, e.g. GAS-TURBINE COMBUSTION CHAMBERS
- F23R3/00—Continuous combustion chambers using liquid or gaseous fuel
- F23R3/02—Continuous combustion chambers using liquid or gaseous fuel characterised by the air-flow or gas-flow configuration
- F23R3/26—Controlling the air flow
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
- F23R—GENERATING COMBUSTION PRODUCTS OF HIGH PRESSURE OR HIGH VELOCITY, e.g. GAS-TURBINE COMBUSTION CHAMBERS
- F23R3/00—Continuous combustion chambers using liquid or gaseous fuel
- F23R3/28—Continuous combustion chambers using liquid or gaseous fuel characterised by the fuel supply
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
- F23R—GENERATING COMBUSTION PRODUCTS OF HIGH PRESSURE OR HIGH VELOCITY, e.g. GAS-TURBINE COMBUSTION CHAMBERS
- F23R2900/00—Special features of, or arrangements for continuous combustion chambers; Combustion processes therefor
- F23R2900/00002—Gas turbine combustors adapted for fuels having low heating value [LHV]
Definitions
- the proposed solution relates to a nozzle assembly for a combustion chamber of an engine with at least one nozzle for injecting hydrogen into a combustion chamber of the combustion chamber.
- Nozzle assemblies for engine-side combustion chambers are widely known in various forms.
- the focus of previously common nozzles of such nozzle assemblies is the injection of liquid fuels, such as kerosene or diesel, whereby the fuel is regularly mixed with air within the nozzle in order to produce an ignitable fuel-air mixture immediately downstream of a nozzle end of the nozzle.
- the air to be mixed in is already wired within the nozzle, so that a swirling fuel-air flow with comparatively high turbulence is created downstream of the nozzle end, which is classified as advantageous for the combustion of kerosene, for example.
- the nozzle assembly of claim 1 which comprises a nozzle for injecting hydrogen into a combustion chamber of an engine-side combustion chamber.
- a proposed nozzle has a nozzle main body extending along a nozzle longitudinal axis and a nozzle head at one end of the nozzle main body.
- the nozzle has at least one first air duct (e.g. in the nozzle main body or the nozzle head) in order to guide a first air flow towards the combustion chamber and into the combustion chamber via at least a first air outlet opening of the first air duct.
- At least one fuel channel and at least one second air guide channel are provided on the nozzle head of the nozzle.
- the fuel channel is set up to guide hydrogen towards the combustion chamber.
- a second air flow can be guided in the direction of the combustion chamber via the at least one second air duct and can be directed into the combustion chamber via at least one second air outlet opening of the second air duct.
- the fuel channel is arranged, based on a radial direction perpendicular to the longitudinal axis of the nozzle, between the first and second air guide channels with their first and second air outlet openings.
- at least the second air guide channel located radially further out is set up and provided to provide an untwisted air flow into the combustion chamber and the fuel channel to provide an untwisted flow of hydrogen into the combustion chamber.
- the proposed solution is based on the basic idea of introducing at least one radially outer air flow and a hydrogen flow into the combustion chamber with as little twist as possible in order to prevent coherent structures in the flow, so that both the air flow from the radially outer second air guide channel and the hydrogen flow out
- the fuel channel is introduced into the combustion chamber with the highest possible flow velocity in the axial direction (relative to the longitudinal axis of the nozzle).
- a nozzle of a proposed nozzle assembly is designed to introduce hydrogen and air into the combustion chamber unmixed, ie, without mixing within the nozzle.
- the nozzle of the proposed nozzle assembly can be set up and provided for rich quench lean combustion.
- At least the second air guide channel located radially further outwards and the fuel channel run radially outwards at their respective channel ends (having the second air outlet opening or the fuel outlet opening). Both the second air guide channel, which is located radially further out, and the fuel channel therefore have a channel section that runs radially outwards at one nozzle end, so that the air or the hydrogen released therefrom have a flow component radially outwards during operation of the engine.
- the second air guide channel located radially further outward comprises a channel section having the second air outlet opening, which extends at an angle in the range of 30 ° to 60 ° to the longitudinal axis of the nozzle, in particular at an angle in the range of 35 ° to 50° to the longitudinal axis of the nozzle.
- the fuel channel can comprise a channel section having the fuel outlet opening, which runs at an angle in the range of 30° to 60°, in particular in the range of 35° to 50°, to the longitudinal axis of the nozzle.
- a respective channel section of the air guide channel and/or the fuel channel having the associated outlet opening runs radially outwards with such a comparatively large (opening) angle to the longitudinal axis of the nozzle, the creation of a recirculation zone downstream of the nozzle end can be supported. Combustion temperatures in a close area downstream of the nozzle end can thus be kept comparatively low, even though more flammable hydrogen is injected into the combustion chamber.
- an embodiment variant can provide that the fuel channel and/or the second air guide channel located radially further out taper towards a respective channel end.
- a second channel section can also be designed with a course pointing radially outwards.
- the two channel sections adjoining one another in the flow direction of the respective fluid can also be designed with different courses and/or flow cross sections.
- a first channel section can then be designed with a straight course or a course that tapers towards the second channel section along the longitudinal axis of the nozzle. This first channel section is then followed by the second, possibly further tapering channel section.
- a central fuel supply line is provided in the nozzle main body for supplying hydrogen to the fuel channel. This is understood in particular to mean that the central fuel supply line runs centrally along the longitudinal axis of the nozzle in the nozzle main body.
- At least one corresponding fluid guide can be provided on the nozzle head.
- a part of such a fluid guide is then provided, for example, within a strut of the nozzle head which extends radially outwards and which runs through a section of the first air guide channel.
- the hydrogen originating from the central fuel supply line is guided radially outwards and (each protected within the strut) through the first, radially inner air guide channel to the fuel channel where the hydrogen is injected into the combustion chamber.
- one or more struts that extend radially on the nozzle head can also serve to fix the sections of the nozzle head that form the first and second air guide channels and the fuel channel on the nozzle main body.
- a stabilization body is provided centrally at a nozzle end of the nozzle and comprises a substantially flat end face facing the combustion chamber. There is therefore essentially one on the stabilization body Plane end face is provided, on which air and hydrogen are introduced radially further out on the edge via the first and second air outlet openings and the fuel outlet openings.
- a central stabilization body with a substantially flat and, in particular, comparatively large end face supports the formation of a zone in the vicinity downstream of the nozzle end, in which the axial speed is comparatively low and thereby a stable recirculation zone is created, which ensures stability of the flame.
- a corresponding stabilization body can not only serve to stabilize the flow and the flame within the combustion chamber, but also simplify the possibility of achieving (pre-) evaporation of the hydrogen to be injected in gaseous form. In this way, hydrogen can be (pre-) evaporated on the stabilization body itself.
- the stabilization body with an outer lateral surface defines at least part of an inner wall of the first radially inner air guide duct.
- the first radially inner air guide channel (and in a further development therefore the furthest radially inner air guide channel) thus guides air along the outer lateral surface of the stabilization body.
- the stabilization body with its outer lateral surface can also define a radially outward-pointing inner wall section for the first air duct, so that the first air duct runs radially outwards at its channel end.
- the first air duct can also run at its channel end at an angle in the range of 30° to 60°, in particular 35° to 50°, to the longitudinal axis of the nozzle .
- the first radially inner air guide channel which extends at least in sections along a radially outer lateral surface of the stabilization body, can taper towards its channel end.
- a corresponding acceleration of the air flow from the first air guide duct is (also) achieved.
- the acceleration of the flow from the first air duct can also reduce the influence of any webs on the air flow that are present in the first air duct, so that the air flow is largely uniform.
- the essentially flat end face of the nozzle-side stabilization body facing the combustion chamber can be designed to have a comparatively large area.
- this end face has an extension in the radial direction, based on the nozzle longitudinal axis, which is at least twenty times, in particular at least thirty times or forty times, a channel height of the first air duct at the first air outlet opening and / or a channel height of the second air duct at the second air outlet opening and / or a channel height of the fuel channel corresponds to the fuel outlet opening.
- the ratio of a diameter of a circular end face of the stabilization body to a channel height of a respective referenced channel for the air to flow in or the hydrogen to be injected can be at least 20:1, 30:1 or 40:1.
- a first or second air outlet channel and/or a fuel channel can be designed as an annular gap or annular segment gap at the nozzle end.
- the respective annular gap or annular segment gap extends circumferentially (in the case of an annular gap completely or partially in the case of an annular segment gap) around the end face of the stabilization body.
- cooling is provided for the stabilization body.
- Such cooling can be achieved, for example, using air or hydrogen.
- the hydrogen to be injected can be used for this purpose, so that the stabilization body serves to (pre-)evaporate the hydrogen to be injected before the hydrogen is then injected into the combustion chamber. This also makes it easier to achieve, for example, that the hydrogen can initially be fed to the nozzle head in liquid form.
- At least part of the fluid guide via which hydrogen is guided from a central fuel supply line in the nozzle main body into the fuel channel located radially further out, can be at least partially provided within the stabilization body. This includes in particular that a part of the fluid guide provided within the stabilization body is also provided for cooling the stabilization body.
- this is achieved, for example, in that, for impact cooling of the stabilization body with hydrogen, via the inside of the Stabilization body part of the fluid guide hydrogen is guided against a rear wall of the stabilization body facing away from the combustion chamber.
- the rear wall which forms a rear side of the end face facing the combustion chamber, can thus be cooled via the hydrogen flowing onto the rear wall before the hydrogen is then guided radially outwards to the fuel channel.
- At least part of the fluid guide for the hydrogen is thus designed within the stabilization body in such a way that, during operation of the engine, impact cooling for the stabilization body takes place via the hydrogen to be injected before the hydrogen in the nozzle head flows radially outwards to the fuel channel and from there into the combustion chamber without any swirl is directed.
- a first air guide channel can be provided running centrally on the nozzle main body along the nozzle longitudinal axis.
- a fuel supply line for the fuel channel is then provided in the nozzle main body in a radially outer section of the nozzle main body.
- the first central air guide channel can be designed to widen, for example at its channel end having the first air outlet opening.
- a flow guide element that extends radially outwards is formed on the first air guide channel.
- This flow guide element can, for example, extend radially outwards at an angle in the range of 30° to 60° to the longitudinal axis of the nozzle, in particular at an angle in the range of 35° to 50° to the longitudinal axis of the nozzle.
- a configuration of a nozzle for the injection of hydrogen can also prove to be advantageous.
- a vaporization of the air in the first air duct can also be advantageous.
- at least one swirl element is provided in the first air duct.
- a centrally arranged flow divider is provided in a possible further development.
- an air flow within the first air duct is divided into an inner and an outer air duct part towards a nozzle end of the nozzle.
- the flow divider enables two separate partial air flows radially inwardly with respect to the fuel outlet opening of the fuel channel.
- An outer air duct part can deliver a more accelerated air flow in the direction of the fuel to be introduced.
- the central inner air duct part provides a comparatively slower partial air flow, which primarily serves to make the resulting fuel-air mixture leaner. This means that the resulting fuel-air mixture is not immediately combustible in the vicinity of the nozzle and thus prevents higher temperatures in the immediate vicinity of the nozzle end.
- the flow divider can, for example, be designed with a central pipe section with a cross-sectional area that remains the same along the longitudinal axis of the nozzle and a diffuser part adjoining the pipe section (downstream) towards the nozzle end, the diffuser part having a cross-sectional area that increases along the longitudinal axis of the nozzle and therefore expands radially outwards.
- the outer air guide channel part can be bordered (radially outside) by the flow guide element and (radially inside) by the diffuser part.
- the outer air duct part can then also point radially outwards.
- the outer air duct part can also be designed as an annular gap in the area of the nozzle end.
- the part of the air outlet opening defined by the inner air duct part can have a cross-sectional area (through which air flows) at the nozzle end, which is larger by at least a factor of 8, in particular by at least a factor of 10, than the cross-sectional area (through which air flows) of that part of the first air outlet opening, which is defined by the outer air duct part.
- the central, inner air duct part thus defines a part of the air outlet opening that is significantly larger in cross section than the outer air duct part, which is separated from the inner air duct part via the diffuser part and is designed in a ring shape lying radially on the outside.
- an axial flow body can be provided in the inner air duct part to even out the partial air flow.
- the flow body is provided in the pipe section of the flow divider.
- an embodiment variant with a flow divider in the central/central first air duct includes that (also) an undisturbed air flow is generated into the combustion chamber via the central first air duct.
- a first central air guide channel is then designed to be free of swirl elements.
- no twisters are provided in a pipe section of a flow divider.
- the first and second air outlet openings and the fuel outlet opening can lie in a radial plane that runs perpendicular to the longitudinal axis of the nozzle.
- the individual outlet openings therefore have no axial offset from one another.
- an embodiment variant is also conceivable in which the outlet openings are axially offset from one another.
- the further the respective outlet opening is arranged axially downstream, the further it is radially outwards.
- An innermost, for example central, outlet opening or its part is thus set back axially relative to a radially outermost outlet opening and is therefore provided further upstream.
- the proposed solution further includes an engine with at least one embodiment variant of a proposed nozzle assembly.
- Figure 1A shows a detail of the end of a nozzle of a first
- Figure 1B is a sectional view of the nozzle of Figure 1A;
- Figure 1C shows a further sectional view of a further development of the nozzle
- Figures 1A and 1B illustrate impact cooling for a central stabilization body and a fluid guide for hydrogen to a radially external fuel channel
- Figure 2A shows a perspective view and a detail of a nozzle of a further embodiment variant of a proposed nozzle assembly
- Figure 2B is a sectional view of the nozzle of Figure 2A;
- Figure 3A shows a view of a nozzle of a further embodiment variant of a proposed nozzle assembly with a view of a nozzle end;
- Figure 3B is a sectional view of the nozzle of Figure 3A in an installed one
- Embodiment variant of a proposed nozzle assembly in which - analogous to the embodiment variant of Figures 3A and 3B - a central first air guide channel is provided, via which, however, in contrast to the embodiment variant of Figures 3A and 3B, a non-twisted air flow is generated into a combustion chamber and to a nozzle end A flow divider is integrated into the nozzle;
- Figure 4B is a sectional view of the embodiment variant of Figure 4A;
- Figures 5A-5B in views corresponding to Figures 4A and 4B, show a further development of the embodiment variant of Figures 4A and 4B with outlet openings offset axially from one another;
- Figure 6A shows an engine in which an embodiment variant of a proposed nozzle assembly is used
- Figure 6B shows a detail and on an enlarged scale of the combustion chamber of the
- FIG. 6A illustrates schematically and in a sectional view a (turbofan) engine T, in which the individual engine components are arranged one behind the other along a rotation axis or central axis M and the engine T is designed as a turbofan engine.
- a fan F At an inlet or intake E of the engine T, air is sucked in along an inlet direction by means of a fan F.
- This fan F which is arranged in a fan housing FC, is driven via a rotor shaft S, which is rotated by a turbine TT of the engine T.
- the turbine TT is connected to a compressor V, which has, for example, a low-pressure compressor 111 and a high-pressure compressor 112, and possibly also a medium-pressure compressor.
- the fan F leads in a primary air flow F1
- Compressor V air to and on the other hand, to generate the thrust, in one Secondary air flow F2 a secondary flow channel or bypass channel B.
- the bypass channel B runs around a core engine comprising the compressor V and the turbine TT, which includes a primary flow channel for the air supplied to the core engine by the fan F.
- the air conveyed into the primary flow channel via the compressor V reaches a combustion chamber assembly BK of the core engine, in which the drive energy for driving the turbine TT is generated.
- the turbine TT has a high-pressure turbine 113, an (optional) medium-pressure turbine 114 and a low-pressure turbine 115.
- the turbine TT uses the energy released during combustion to drive the rotor shaft S and thus the fan F in order to generate the required thrust via the air conveyed into the bypass channel B.
- Both the air from the bypass duct B and the exhaust gases from the primary flow duct of the core engine flow out via an outlet A at the end of the engine T.
- the outlet A usually has a thrust nozzle with a centrally arranged outlet cone C.
- FIG. 6B shows a longitudinal section through the combustion chamber assembly BK of the engine T.
- This shows in particular a (ring) combustion chamber 103 of the engine T.
- a nozzle assembly is provided for injecting fuel or an air-fuel mixture into a combustion chamber 1030 of the combustion chamber 103.
- This comprises a combustion chamber ring R, on which a plurality of nozzles D are arranged on a combustion chamber head of the combustion chamber along a circular line around the central axis M.
- One or more burner seals BD with bearing openings are provided on the combustion chamber ring R, on which nozzle heads of the respective nozzles D are held, so that fuel can be injected into the combustion chamber 103 via this.
- Each nozzle D includes a flange via which a nozzle holder DH of the nozzle D is screwed to an outer housing G of the combustion chamber 103.
- the embodiment variants of Figures 1A to 3B of a proposed nozzle assembly each provide that the nozzle D has a fuel channel 22 for the hydrogen on a nozzle head 2, the fuel outlet opening in the radial direction, based on a nozzle longitudinal axis L of the nozzle D, lies between two air outlet openings 12 and 23 or 21 and 23.
- air guide channels 12/21, 21/23 air can flow into the combustion chamber 1030 from a first, radially inner air guide channel 12 or 21 and air from a second radially outer air guide channel 23.
- At least the second radially further outer air guide duct 23 is set up and provided to provide an untwisted air flow into the combustion chamber 1030 and the fuel channel 22 to provide an untwisted flow of hydrogen into the combustion chamber 1030.
- a first radially inner air guide channel 21 is provided, which is formed on the nozzle head 2 and leads along an outer surface of a centrally arranged stabilization body 10 of the nozzle D in order to also over the 3A to 3B provides a nozzle D, in which the first air duct 12 is designed to run centrally along the longitudinal axis 11 of the nozzle and provides a wired air flow with the aid of a swirl element 120 provides.
- an embodiment variant of a proposed nozzle assembly shown here provides a nozzle D in which hydrogen is directed in a nozzle main body 1 via a central fuel supply line 11 extending along the nozzle longitudinal axis L a nozzle head 2 at the nozzle end can be guided.
- this central fuel supply line 11 opens into a cavity 102 of a stabilization body 10.
- the cavity 102 is part of a fluid guide for the hydrogen to be injected, which flows from the cavity 102 via fluid lines in radially extending struts 24 radially outwards to an im Cross-section annular fuel channel 22 is guided.
- the stabilization body 10 has a substantially flat end face 100, shown in front view in FIG. 1A, which faces the combustion chamber 1030.
- This end face 100 is circular in the present case and takes up a large part of the cross-sectional area of the nozzle head 2.
- first and second air guide channels 21 and 23, each designed as an annular gap, and the fuel channel 22 between them, which is also designed as an annular gap hydrogen and air are injected unmixed into the combustion chamber 1030 comparatively radially far outside with respect to the nozzle longitudinal axis L. This creates a stable flame downstream of the nozzle end and in particular not in the immediate vicinity behind the nozzle D.
- the stabilization body 10 can be used for (pre-)evaporation of the hydrogen to be injected via the hydrogen guided therein.
- the hydrogen supplied to the stabilization body 10 for (pre)evaporation can simultaneously serve to cool the stabilization body 10 and in particular its end face 10 facing the combustion chamber.
- the hydrogen flows in via the central fuel supply line 11 towards a rear wall 101 of the stabilization body 10 that is facing away from the combustion chamber 1030 and facing the cavity 102.
- the rear wall 101 and thus the stabilization body 10 is thus impact-cooled via the hydrogen flowing into the cavity 101.
- the hydrogen is then deflected between a tubular end piece 110 of the central fuel supply line 11 and the inner walls of the stabilization body-side cavity 102 and guided outwards in the radial direction.
- the hydrogen reaches the fuel channel 23 via one or more fluid lines in struts 24 distributed around the circumference.
- Each strut 24 can comprise one or more fluid lines.
- each strut 24 has a first strut part 24.1, which extends in the radial direction through the first air guide duct 21, which is partially bordered radially on the inside by an outer lateral surface of the stabilization body 10.
- both the first and second air guide channels 21 and 23 as well as the fuel channel 22 each have a channel section towards the nozzle end with the respective air outlet opening or fuel outlet opening, which is at an angle a to the nozzle longitudinal axis L runs, which lies in the range of 35° to 50°.
- the air flows from the air guide channels 21 and 23 as well as the flow of hydrogen from the fuel channel 22 are therefore directed comparatively strongly radially outwards, which supports the formation of a recirculation zone as far downstream as possible from the nozzle end.
- first and second air guide channels 21 and 23 in the present case are designed, for example, with two channel sections 21A, 21B or 23A, 23B, which follow one another in the flow direction of the air along the nozzle longitudinal axis L.
- a first channel section 21 A and 23A each runs essentially parallel and in a straight line to the nozzle longitudinal axis L.
- the (second) channel section 21 B and 23B that adjoins this then not only runs radially outwards at the angle a, but also tapers the respective air outlet opening.
- the second channel section 21 B of the first air guide channel 21 tapers from a gap width or channel height a11 to a gap width or channel height a12 at the associated first air outlet opening.
- the second channel section 23B of the second air guide channel 23 in turn tapers to an almost equal extent from a channel height a21 to a channel height a22 at its second air outlet opening.
- the ratios a11:a12 and a21:a22 of the channel heights are in the range from 1.5:1 to 3:1, in particular in the range from 1.7:1 to 2.3:1.
- the channel height a12 or a22 at the respective air outlet opening is therefore at least a factor of 1.5 or even a factor of 3 lower than the channel height a11 or a21 at the entry of the air into the second channel section 21B or 23B. Consequently, the cross-sectional area through which the flow passes from the inlet to the outlet of the respective second channel section 21B or 23B is then reduced by a factor in the range of 1.5 to 3.
- the respective air flow is accelerated until it flows into the combustion chamber 1030, without a swirl element and thus a twist of the air being provided within the respective air guide duct 21, 23.
- the air is thus introduced into the combustion chamber 1030 via the two air guide channels 21 and 23, which taper towards the respective channel end, without being twisted and with a comparatively high axial flow velocity.
- Figures 1 B and 1C further illustrate the comparatively large end face 100 of the stabilization body 10.
- a diameter d of the presently circular end face 100 corresponds to at least 20 times or even at least 30 or 40 times a channel height a12 or a22 of the first or second air duct 21 or 23.
- the channel heights a12 and a22 of the air ducts 21 and 23 at the air outlet openings are of the same order of magnitude as one Channel height of the fuel channel 22 at its fuel outlet opening (Basically, the channel heights a12 and a22 can be essentially identical to one another or can differ from one another in a ratio of up to 1:3.
- a taper can also be provided in a first channel section 21A or 23A of the first or second air guide channel 21, 23, here towards the respective second channel section 21B or 23B .
- the air flow is then accelerated.
- the embodiment variant of Figures 2A and 2B agrees in some construction details with the embodiment variants of Figures 1 A to 1C, in particular with regard to the design of the stabilization body 10 with its essentially flat end face 100 and its impact cooling via centrally supplied hydrogen, which is then radial is led outwards to the fuel channel 22.
- the air guide channels 21 and 23 as well as the fuel channel 22 are designed to run radially outwards at a smaller angle.
- only a single channel section that tapers towards the nozzle end is provided in the first and second air guide channels 21 and 23.
- an air flow is not guided to the combustion chamber 1030 without twisting via the first air guide duct 12 of the embodiment variant of FIGS. 3A-3B. Rather, the first air guide duct 12 has a swirl element 120 upstream of the nozzle end in order to swirl incoming air.
- the air flows out into the combustion chamber 1030 with a swirl.
- the first air duct 12 also widens radially outwards at its channel end.
- a flow guide element 121 of the central air guide duct 12 which appears funnel-shaped in the top view from the combustion chamber 1030, runs at an (opening) angle to the nozzle longitudinal axis L, which lies in the range of the angle a with which the fuel channel 22 and the radially outermost, second air guide channel 23 extend radially outwards towards their respective channel ends.
- a central first air guide duct 12 is also provided on the nozzle D for an air flow into the combustion chamber 1030.
- the air from the central first air guide duct 12 is also introduced into the combustion chamber 1030 without being twisted.
- a flow divider 122 is provided within the first air guide channel 12 towards the nozzle end of the nozzle D. Via this flow divider 122, an air flow within the first air guide duct is divided into two partial air flows, an inner partial air flow and an outer partial air flow.
- the flow divider 122 has a pipe section 122a with a constant cross-sectional area through which the flow passes and a diffuser part 122b adjoining it downstream. The diffuser part 122b expands radially towards the nozzle end, so that its cross-sectional area continuously increases along the nozzle longitudinal axis L.
- An inner air duct part 12.2 is defined within the pipe section 122a and the diffuser part 122b.
- An outer air duct part 12.1 is defined between a radially outer lateral surface of the flow divider 122 and an inner lateral surface of a channel wall of the first air duct 12. Towards the nozzle end, the section of the outer air duct part 12.1 is then bordered (radially on the outside) by the flow guide element 121 and (radially on the inside) by the expanding diffuser part 122b. In this way, the outer air duct part 12.1 points radially outwards and defines an annular gap at the nozzle end for the partial air flow to be introduced through it. The channel height of this annular gap is essentially in the order of magnitude Fuel outlet opening of the fuel channel 22 and the (second) air outlet opening of the radially outermost air guide channel 23.
- a strut 220 can be seen, which extends radially outwards within the respective fuel channel 22, but above all also the geometry of the respective flow divider 122.
- a longitudinally extending central flow body 123 can be seen from this , which is located in the shape of a cone in the middle of the pipe section 122a. This flow body 123 can be axially flowed around within the respective pipe section 122a, so that within the pipe section 122a there is in each case a cross-sectional area through which the flow is only annular in cross-section.
- Figures 4A-4B and 5A-5B differ primarily in the design of the nozzle end and in the design of the flow divider 122 within the central first air guide duct 12.
- the outlet openings of the air guide channels 12 and 23 and of the fuel channel 22 are not axially offset from one another and therefore lie in a radial plane running perpendicular to the nozzle longitudinal axis L, as is also the case in the embodiment variants of Figures 1A to 3B is. Accordingly, the diffuser part 122b of the flow divider 22 also extends axially to this radial plane.
- an axial offset is provided between the outlet openings.
- the part of the air outlet opening of the first air duct 12, which is defined by the inner air duct part 12.2 is axially furthest upstream.
- the diffuser part 122b thus has a shorter axial length in the embodiment variant of FIGS. 5A and 5B compared to the embodiment variant of FIGS. 4A and 4B.
- the cross-sectional area flowed through The part of the air outlet opening of the first air duct 12 defined by the inner air duct part 12.2 is therefore still larger by a factor of at least 8 than the cross-sectional area of that part, the air outlet opening, which is defined by the outer air duct part 12.1, but is significantly smaller than in the embodiment variant of Figures 4A and 4B.
- the positioning of the outlet openings and in particular their possible axial offset can vary depending on an application scenario and thus an engine T and/or, for example, depending on a desired flow profile of the fuel-air mixture into the combustion chamber 1030.
- the nozzle D of the embodiment variants of Figures 1A-1C, 2A-2B, 3A-3B, 4A-4B and 5A-5B is also set up and intended for rich quench lean combustion.
- the nozzle D shown can also be used for lean combustion concepts.
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- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)
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- General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Spray-Type Burners (AREA)
Abstract
Description
Claims
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| DE102022202935.6A DE102022202935A1 (de) | 2022-03-24 | 2022-03-24 | Düsenbaugruppe mit drallfreier Luft- und Wasserstoffeinströmung |
| PCT/EP2023/057211 WO2023180318A1 (de) | 2022-03-24 | 2023-03-21 | Düsenbaugruppe mit drallfreier luft- und wasserstoffeinströmung |
Publications (1)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| EP4500084A1 true EP4500084A1 (de) | 2025-02-05 |
Family
ID=85772079
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| EP23713096.8A Pending EP4500084A1 (de) | 2022-03-24 | 2023-03-21 | Düsenbaugruppe mit drallfreier luft- und wasserstoffeinströmung |
Country Status (4)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| US (1) | US20250198624A1 (de) |
| EP (1) | EP4500084A1 (de) |
| DE (1) | DE102022202935A1 (de) |
| WO (1) | WO2023180318A1 (de) |
Families Citing this family (2)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| DE102024205468A1 (de) * | 2024-06-13 | 2025-12-18 | Rolls-Royce Deutschland Ltd & Co Kg | Injektoranordnung für ein Triebwerk und Flugzeug |
| DE102024205469A1 (de) * | 2024-06-13 | 2025-12-18 | Rolls-Royce Deutschland Ltd & Co Kg | Injektoranordnung für ein Triebwerk und Flugzeug |
Family Cites Families (17)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US4078377A (en) * | 1974-01-28 | 1978-03-14 | Ford Motor Company | Internally vaporizing low emission combustor |
| US4327547A (en) | 1978-11-23 | 1982-05-04 | Rolls-Royce Limited | Fuel injectors |
| GB2050592B (en) | 1979-06-06 | 1983-03-16 | Rolls Royce | Gas turbine |
| GB2175992B (en) | 1985-06-07 | 1988-12-21 | Rolls Royce | Gas turbine engine gaseous fuel injector |
| US5121608A (en) | 1988-02-06 | 1992-06-16 | Rolls-Royce Plc | Gas turbine engine fuel burner |
| JP3457907B2 (ja) * | 1998-12-24 | 2003-10-20 | 三菱重工業株式会社 | デュアルフュエルノズル |
| GB2404729B (en) * | 2003-08-08 | 2008-01-23 | Rolls Royce Plc | Fuel injection |
| JP4728176B2 (ja) * | 2005-06-24 | 2011-07-20 | 株式会社日立製作所 | バーナ、ガスタービン燃焼器及びバーナの冷却方法 |
| GB0625016D0 (en) * | 2006-12-15 | 2007-01-24 | Rolls Royce Plc | Fuel injector |
| US7966820B2 (en) * | 2007-08-15 | 2011-06-28 | General Electric Company | Method and apparatus for combusting fuel within a gas turbine engine |
| US8443607B2 (en) * | 2009-02-20 | 2013-05-21 | General Electric Company | Coaxial fuel and air premixer for a gas turbine combustor |
| US20130219899A1 (en) * | 2012-02-27 | 2013-08-29 | General Electric Company | Annular premixed pilot in fuel nozzle |
| US9441836B2 (en) | 2012-07-10 | 2016-09-13 | United Technologies Corporation | Fuel-air pre-mixer with prefilmer |
| US9835334B2 (en) * | 2015-09-18 | 2017-12-05 | Delavan Inc. | Air entrance effect |
| US11287134B2 (en) * | 2019-12-31 | 2022-03-29 | General Electric Company | Combustor with dual pressure premixing nozzles |
| DE102021110616A1 (de) | 2021-04-26 | 2022-10-27 | Rolls-Royce Deutschland Ltd & Co Kg | Kraftstoffdüse mit unterschiedlichen ersten und zweiten Ausströmöffnungen für die Bereitstellung eines Wasserstoff-Luft-Gemisches |
| US11639795B2 (en) * | 2021-05-14 | 2023-05-02 | Pratt & Whitney Canada Corp. | Tapered fuel gallery for a fuel nozzle |
-
2022
- 2022-03-24 DE DE102022202935.6A patent/DE102022202935A1/de active Pending
-
2023
- 2023-03-21 EP EP23713096.8A patent/EP4500084A1/de active Pending
- 2023-03-21 WO PCT/EP2023/057211 patent/WO2023180318A1/de not_active Ceased
- 2023-03-21 US US18/845,796 patent/US20250198624A1/en active Pending
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| WO2023180318A1 (de) | 2023-09-28 |
| US20250198624A1 (en) | 2025-06-19 |
| DE102022202935A1 (de) | 2023-09-28 |
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