EP4499401A1 - Structure multicouche a base de polyamide recycle - Google Patents
Structure multicouche a base de polyamide recycleInfo
- Publication number
- EP4499401A1 EP4499401A1 EP23719434.5A EP23719434A EP4499401A1 EP 4499401 A1 EP4499401 A1 EP 4499401A1 EP 23719434 A EP23719434 A EP 23719434A EP 4499401 A1 EP4499401 A1 EP 4499401A1
- Authority
- EP
- European Patent Office
- Prior art keywords
- layer
- weight
- tube
- composition
- semi
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Pending
Links
Classifications
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
- B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
- B32B27/00—Layered products comprising a layer of synthetic resin
- B32B27/34—Layered products comprising a layer of synthetic resin comprising polyamides
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
- B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
- B32B1/00—Layered products having a non-planar shape
- B32B1/08—Tubular products
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
- B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
- B32B27/00—Layered products comprising a layer of synthetic resin
- B32B27/06—Layered products comprising a layer of synthetic resin as the main or only constituent of a layer, which is next to another layer of the same or of a different material
- B32B27/08—Layered products comprising a layer of synthetic resin as the main or only constituent of a layer, which is next to another layer of the same or of a different material of synthetic resin
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
- B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
- B32B27/00—Layered products comprising a layer of synthetic resin
- B32B27/18—Layered products comprising a layer of synthetic resin characterised by the use of special additives
- B32B27/22—Layered products comprising a layer of synthetic resin characterised by the use of special additives using plasticisers
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
- B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
- B32B27/00—Layered products comprising a layer of synthetic resin
- B32B27/32—Layered products comprising a layer of synthetic resin comprising polyolefins
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
- B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
- B32B2250/00—Layers arrangement
- B32B2250/02—2 layers
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
- B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
- B32B2250/00—Layers arrangement
- B32B2250/24—All layers being polymeric
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
- B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
- B32B2262/00—Composition or structural features of fibres which form a fibrous or filamentary layer or are present as additives
- B32B2262/10—Inorganic fibres
- B32B2262/106—Carbon fibres, e.g. graphite fibres
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
- B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
- B32B2264/00—Composition or properties of particles which form a particulate layer or are present as additives
- B32B2264/10—Inorganic particles
- B32B2264/107—Ceramic
- B32B2264/108—Carbon, e.g. graphite particles
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
- B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
- B32B2270/00—Resin or rubber layer containing a blend of at least two different polymers
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
- B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
- B32B2272/00—Resin or rubber layer comprising scrap, waste or recycling material
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
- B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
- B32B2307/00—Properties of the layers or laminate
- B32B2307/30—Properties of the layers or laminate having particular thermal properties
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
- B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
- B32B2307/00—Properties of the layers or laminate
- B32B2307/50—Properties of the layers or laminate having particular mechanical properties
- B32B2307/54—Yield strength; Tensile strength
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
- B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
- B32B2307/00—Properties of the layers or laminate
- B32B2307/50—Properties of the layers or laminate having particular mechanical properties
- B32B2307/546—Flexural strength; Flexion stiffness
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
- B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
- B32B2307/00—Properties of the layers or laminate
- B32B2307/70—Other properties
- B32B2307/702—Amorphous
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
- B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
- B32B2307/00—Properties of the layers or laminate
- B32B2307/70—Other properties
- B32B2307/704—Crystalline
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
- B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
- B32B2307/00—Properties of the layers or laminate
- B32B2307/70—Other properties
- B32B2307/714—Inert, i.e. inert to chemical degradation, corrosion
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
- B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
- B32B2307/00—Properties of the layers or laminate
- B32B2307/70—Other properties
- B32B2307/732—Dimensional properties
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
- B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
- B32B2597/00—Tubular articles, e.g. hoses, pipes
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
- B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
- B32B2605/00—Vehicles
Definitions
- ELV end-of-life motor vehicle
- a large quantity of vehicle components are recoverable and recyclable, in the form of second-hand spare parts or raw materials.
- Parts intended for reuse (headlights, indicators, engine, radiator, starter, hood, fenders, doors, etc.) are dismantled and stored for resale.
- Non-recyclable carcasses and parts (ferrous and non-ferrous metals, plastics, glass, rubber, etc.) are crushed for recovery or landfill.
- European Directive 2000/53/EC relating to end-of-life vehicles has set a reuse and recovery rate of 95% by weight per vehicle from 2015.
- the 95% reused and recovered are the subject of:
- Waste used as means of producing energy, by direct incineration with or without other waste;
- Material recovery Reuse or re-use: new use of a part which retains the same use and is not transformed, or Recycling: operation aimed at introducing materials from waste into the production cycle, as a total or partial replacement of a virgin material.
- a motor vehicle contains a large number of pipes, in particular pipes intended for the transport of fluids such as air, oil (for example for cooling the automatic gearbox "TOC, Transmission Oil Cooler), etc. water, a urea solution, a glycol-based coolant, a fuel such as gasoline, in particular bio-petrol or diesel, in particular biodiesel, or 'hydrogen.
- fluids such as air, oil (for example for cooling the automatic gearbox "TOC, Transmission Oil Cooler), etc. water, a urea solution, a glycol-based coolant, a fuel such as gasoline, in particular bio-petrol or diesel, in particular biodiesel, or 'hydrogen.
- These pipes can be single-layer and/or multi-layer tubular structures, in particular based on polyamide(s).
- the various pipes present in it are generally very or too degraded to be able to be reused such as, in the form of a tube, without risk or without this leading to excessive use properties. degraded.
- the tubes particularly under the engine hood, are placed in a severe thermo-oxidative environment due to the heat released by the engine which can typically reach 150°C and the presence of air and therefore oxygen.
- Each 10°C increase in temperature typically results in a halving of the lifespan of the tubes as well as the degradation of certain additives in said tubes such as stabilizers.
- a fuel transport pipe for example a polyamide pipe which contains a plasticizer, has lost most of its plasticizer when it reaches the end of its life and the polyamide initially present constituting it is depolymerized and/or or degraded and has lost most of its stabilizers, which prohibits its reuse without risk.
- the present invention therefore relates to a multi-layer tubular structure (MLT) intended for the transport of automotive fluids, in particular air, oil, water, a urea solution, a coolant based on glycol, or a fuel such as gasoline, in particular alcoholic gasoline, bio-gasoline or diesel, in particular bio-diesel, or hydrogen, consisting of two layers: a layer ( 1) consisting of a composition mainly comprising at least one semi-crystalline aliphatic polyamide, said composition consisting of at least 50% of recycled material coming from a single-layer and/or multi-layer tube having been intended for the transport of automobile fluids , in particular as defined above, said tube being made up of a composition which mainly comprises at least one polyamide, said tube having undergone different treatments chosen from grinding then recompounding, and grinding then recompounding and then reformulation to be able to be recycled, a simple single grinding being excluded from the different treatments, a layer (2) consisting of a composition mainly comprising at least one semi-crystalline alipha
- a layer based on polyamide and made up of at least 50% recycled material, in contact with a layer of polyamide and made of non-recycled material allowed the constitution of a tubular structure.
- multilayer capable of transporting an automotive fluid particularly air, oil, water, urea solution, glycol-based coolant, or fuel such as gasoline, in particularly bio-petrol or diesel, in particular bio-diesel, or hydrogen, whatever the type of fluid initially transported by the recycled single-layer and/or multi-layer tube constituting the layer in contact with the transported fluid, said multilayer structure unexpectedly presenting much better properties than those of the same tubular structure whose layer (1) based on polyamide and consisting of at least 50% recycled material is originally simply crushed.
- the absorption band from 1700 to 1740cm -1 corresponds to an imide, that from 1680 to 1720 cm -1 to the carbonyl of the carboxylic acid and that from 3580 to 3670 cm-1 corresponds to the alcohol function of the acid carboxylic.
- the absorption band from 3580 to 3670 cm-1 corresponds to the free alcohol function.
- the amide function is characterized on the one hand by a pair of absorption bands from 3100 to 3500 cm-1 and from 15560 to 1640 cm-1 which corresponds to the NH group of the amide and on the other hand by the band d absorption from 1650 to 1700 cm-1 which corresponds to the carbonyl group of the amide.
- said polyamide of said single-layer and/or multi-layer tube having been intended for the transport of fluids for automobiles, or even used, presents functions resulting from oxidation reactions chosen from imide functions, carboxylic acids, alcohols and their mixtures, in a molar ratio relative to the amide functions greater than that of the same polyamide constituting an unused tube which has never before transported fluids for automobile.
- said molar ratio of functions resulting from oxidation reactions is comprised from 1/10,000 to 1/20.
- Concentrations can be measured by proton NMR in dichloromethane-d2, by adding HFIP (hexafluoroisopropanol) to solubilize the polyamide.
- said molar ratio of the imide functions is comprised from 1/1000 to 1/20, in particular from 1/500 to 1/20, in particular from 1/200 to 1/50.
- said molar ratio of the carboxylic acid functions is from 1/5000 to 1/20, in particular from 1/3000 to 1/25, very advantageously from 1/500 to 1/50.
- said molar ratio of the alcohol functions is between 1/1000 and 1/20 and advantageously between 1/1000 and 1/25, very advantageously between 1/200 and 1/50.
- tubular structure having present during the first storage of gasoline, in particular alcoholic gasoline, a maximum of 0.3 g/m2 of insoluble extract, advantageously a maximum of 0.2 g/m 2 .
- said tubular structure presents during the first storage of gasoline, in particular alcoholic gasoline, 30%, in particular 40%, in particular 50% less insoluble extract than the same tubular structure resulting from material not recycled.
- the single-layer tubular structure intended for the transport of fluids for motor vehicles of the invention makes it possible to greatly reduce the proportion of extractables as determined by a test which consists of filling a tubular structure with alcoholic gasoline type FAM-B and heating the whole at 60°C for 96 hours, then empty it by filtering the fluid in a beaker.
- the insoluble extracts present during filtration on the filter are weighed after drying and represent less than 0.3 g/m2.
- the soluble extracts are quantified by allowing the filtrate from the beaker to evaporate at room temperature and then weighing this residue.
- the proportion of soluble extracts is advantageously less than or equal to approximately 15g/m2 of internal tube surface.
- Said tubular structure has an extractable rate lower than that of the same tubular structure from non-recycled material, that is to say virgin or original during processing.
- the tubular structure also advantageously comprises residues of stabilizers chosen from phenols, quinones, stylbenequinones and phosphite.
- the recycled polyamide advantageously comprises alkyl chain ends with a carbon number, comprised from 1 to 18, greater than that of a virgin PA.
- the chain end rate is between 1 ppm and 0.5% as determined by NMR or potentiometry.
- Used polyamide (to be recycled) is more crystalline than virgin polyamide.
- the percentage of crystallization can be measured by DSC (or by RX).
- the used polyamide has a crystallinity rate of at least 2%, in particular at least 5% higher than that of a virgin polyamide as measured by DSC.
- the term "fluid” means a gas or liquid used in automobiles, in particular air, oil, water, urea solution, glycol-based coolant, or a fuel such as gasoline, in particular alcoholic gasoline, bio-gasoline or diesel, in particular bio-diesel, or hydrogen.
- said fluid designates fuels, in particular gasoline, in particular alcoholic gasoline, bio-gasoline or diesel, in particular biodiesel.
- gasoline designates a mixture of hydrocarbons resulting from the distillation of petroleum to which additives or alcohols such as methanol and ethanol can be added, alcohols being able to be the majority components in certain cases.
- alcoholic gasoline refers to gasoline to which methanol or ethanol has been added. It also designates an E95 type gasoline which does not contain petroleum distillation products.
- polyamide-based means at least 50% by weight of polyamide in the layer.
- composition mainly comprising at least one polyamide means at least 50% by weight of said polyamide in the composition.
- said layer (2) consists of a composition predominantly comprising at least one semi-crystalline aliphatic polyamide and at least one impact modifier in a proportion of 3 to 45% by weight relative to the total weight of the composition.
- the layer (1) consists of a composition mainly comprising at least one semi-crystalline aliphatic polyamide, said composition consisting of at least 50% of recycled material coming from a single-layer and/or multi-layer tube having been intended for transport automotive fluids.
- polyamide designates both a homopolyamide and a copolyamide.
- polyamides within the meaning of the invention throughout the description designates polyamides which have a melting temperature (Tf) and an enthalpy of fusion AH > 25 J/g, in particular > 40 J /g, in particular > 45J/g, as well as a glass transition temperature (Tg) as determined by DSC according to standard ISO 11357-1:2016 and ISO 11357-2 and 3:2013, at a heating rate of 20K/min.
- Tf melting temperature
- Tg glass transition temperature
- Said at least one aliphatic semi-crystalline polyamide is obtained from the polycondensation of at least one lactam, or from the polycondensation of at least one amino acid, or from the polycondensation of at least one diamine at least one dicarboxylic acid Yb.
- said at least one lactam can be chosen from a C6 to C18 lactam, preferably a C10 to C18 lactam, more preferably a C10 lactam. at C12.
- a C6 to C12 lactam includes caprolactam, decanolactam, undecanolactam, and lauryllactam.
- said at least one aliphatic semi-crystalline polyamide is obtained from the polycondensation of at least one lactam, it can therefore comprise a single lactam or several lactams.
- said at least one aliphatic semi-crystalline polyamide is obtained from the polycondensation of a single lactam and said lactam is chosen from lauryllactam and undecanolactam, advantageously lauryllactam.
- said at least one amino acid can be chosen from a C6 to C18, preferably C10 to C18, more preferably C10 amino acid. at C12.
- a C6 to C12 amino acid is in particular 6-aminohexanoic acid, 9-aminononanoic acid, 10-aminodecanoic acid, 10-aminoundecanoic acid, 12-aminododecanoic acid and 11-aminoundecanoic acid as well as its derivatives, in particular N-heptyl-11 -aminoundecanoic acid.
- said at least one aliphatic semi-crystalline polyamide is obtained from the polycondensation of at least one amino acid it can therefore comprise a single amino acid or several amino acids.
- said aliphatic semi-crystalline polyamide is obtained from the polycondensation of a single amino acid and said amino acid is chosen from 1 1 - aminoundecanoic acid and 12-aminododecanoic acid, advantageously 11 - aminoundecanoic acid.
- said at least one aliphatic semi-crystalline polyamide is obtained from the polycondensation of at least one diamine Yb in C4-C36, preferably C6-C18, preferably C6-C12, more preferably C10-C12, then said at least one diamine in Xa is an aliphatic diamine and said at least one diacid Yb is an aliphatic diacid.
- the diamine can be linear or branched.
- it is linear.
- Said at least one C4-C36 diamine 1,9-nonamethylediamine, 1,10-decamethylediamine, 1,11-undecamethylediamine, 1,12-dodecamethylediamine, 1,13-tridecamethylediamine, 1,14-tetradecamethylediamine, 1,16-hexadecamethylediamine and 1,18-octadecamethylediamine, octadecenediamine, eicosanediamine, docosanediamine and diamines obtained from fatty acids.
- said at least one diamine 1,10-decamethylediamine, 1,11-undecamethylediamine, 1,12-dodecamethylediamine, 1,13-tridecamethylediamine, 1,14-tetradecamethylediamine, 1,16-hexadecamethylediamine and 1,18-octadecamethylediamine.
- said at least one diamine nonamethylediamine, 1,10-decamethylediamine, 1,11-undecamethylediamine, 1,12-dodecamethylediamine.
- said at least one diamine decamethylediamine, 1,11-undecamethylediamine, 1,12-dodecamethylediamine.
- Said at least one C4 to C36 dicarboxylic acid Yb may be chosen from succinic acid, glutaric acid, adipic acid, suberic acid, azelaic acid, sebacic acid, undecanedioic acid, dodecanedioic acid, brassylic acid, tetradecanedioic acid, pentadecanedioic acid, hexadecanedioic acid, octadecanedioic acid, and diacids obtained from fatty acids.
- the diacid can be linear or branched. Advantageously, it is linear.
- said at least one dicarboxylic acid Yb is C6 to C18 and is chosen from adipic acid, suberic acid, azelaic acid, sebacic acid, undecanedioic acid, dodecanedioic acid, brassylic acid, tetradecanedioic acid, pentadecanedioic acid, hexadecanedioic acid, octadecanedioic acid.
- said at least one dicarboxylic acid Yb is C6 to C12 and is chosen from adipic acid, suberic acid, azelaic acid, sebacic acid, undecanedioic acid, dodecanedioic acid.
- said at least one dicarboxylic acid Yb is C10 to C12 and is chosen from sebacic acid, undecanedioic acid, dodecanedioic acid.
- said aliphatic semi-crystalline polyamide is obtained from the polycondensation of at least one diamine Xa with at least one dicarboxylic acid Yb it can therefore comprise a single diamine or several diamines and a single dicarboxylic acid or several dicarboxylic acids.
- said aliphatic semi-crystalline polyamide is obtained from the polycondensation of a single diamine Xa with a single dicarboxylic acid Yb.
- the expression “majority comprising at least one polyamide of aliphatic type” means that said composition of layer (1) comprises at least 50% by weight of at least one aliphatic polyamide relative to the total weight of said composition.
- said composition of the layer (1) comprises at least 60% by weight, in particular at least 70% by weight, in particular at least 80% by weight, more particularly at least 90% by weight of at least one aliphatic polyamide relative to the total weight of said composition.
- Said composition of the layer (1) consists of at least 50% recycled material coming from a single-layer and/or multi-layer tube having been intended for the transport of automobile fluids.
- the “at least one majority polyamide” of said composition corresponds in its entirety to what is called “at least 50% recycled material” or that at least 50% by weight of all the constituents of the composition are of recycled origin from single-layer tube, or multi-layer tube, or a mixture of single-layer and multi-layer tube.
- the recycled material can come from a single-layer and/or multi-layer tube, said single-layer and/or multi-layer tubes having been intended for the transport of automotive fluid.
- Said tube is therefore a used tube, that is to say it has been used for at least one year for the transport of said fluid defined above.
- Said single-layer tube consists of a composition comprising a semi-crystalline aliphatic polyamide and optionally impact modifiers and/or additives and/or plasticizers and/or antistatic charges.
- Said multilayer tube comprises at least one layer consisting of a composition comprising a semi-crystalline aliphatic polyamide and optionally impact modifiers and/or additives. It may therefore include other layers consisting of a thermoplastic polymer other than a semi-crystalline aliphatic polyamide, such as for example a polypropylene, a semi-aromatic polyamide or a poly ethylene vinyl alcohol (EVOH).
- a thermoplastic polymer other than a semi-crystalline aliphatic polyamide such as for example a polypropylene, a semi-aromatic polyamide or a poly ethylene vinyl alcohol (EVOH).
- the single-layer tube can also be a mixture of single-layer tubes, that is to say for example two types of single-layer tubes each made up of a different semi-crystalline aliphatic polyamide, for example a PA1 1 and a PA12.
- the multilayer tube can also be a mixture of different types of multilayer tubes, provided that at least one of the layers of one of the types of multilayer tube consists of a semi-crystalline aliphatic polyamide.
- Said single-layer and/or multi-layer tube which was intended for the transport of automobile fluid and which is therefore used can undergo several different treatments in order to be able to be recycled:
- crushed particles can be fed into an extruder, in particular of the co-rotating twin screw type, or of the co-kneader type (Buss), where they are remixed. by fusion.
- the molten material comes out of the extruder in rods which are cooled and cut into granules;
- the crushed particles can be crushed and recompounded and reformulated, that is to say that after grinding, the crushed particles are fed into an extruder, as defined above where they are remixed by fusion with the addition of at least one compound. chosen from a semi-crystalline aliphatic polyamide, of recycled origin or not, at least one impact modifier, a plasticizer, an additive and antistatic charges.
- the molten material comes out of the extruder in rods which are cooled and cut into pellets.
- a simply crushed tube is therefore excluded from said used single-layer and/or multi-layer tube and which was intended for the transport of automobile fluid.
- the single-layer and/or multi-layer tube which has been intended for the transport of automotive fluid undergoes a washing and/or cleaning step before grinding.
- the crushed tube undergoes a washing and/or cleaning step after grinding.
- the single-layer and/or multi-layer tube which has been intended for the transport of automotive fluid undergoes a washing and/or cleaning step before grinding then is crushed and it then optionally undergoes, before recompounding, a washing and/or step. cleaning after grinding.
- the cleaning step can be carried out for example under vacuum.
- Polyamides noted A, B and C can be of recycled or non-recycled origin provided that the composition of layer (1) is made up of at least 50% recycled material.
- the Tf of the majority aliphatic semi-crystalline polyamide of layer (1) is ⁇ 225°C, in particular 200°C, as determined according to ISO 11357-3: 2013, at a heating rate of 20K/min .
- the majority aliphatic semi-crystalline polyamide of layer (1) has an enthalpy of crystallization > 25 J/g, preferably > 40 J/g, in particular > 45 J/g as determined by DSC according to standard ISO 11357 - 3:2013, at a heating speed of 20K/min.
- the recycled material comes from a single-layer and/or multi-layer tube chosen from a crushed and recompounded single-layer and/or multi-layer tube, and a crushed, re-compounded and reformulated single-layer and/or multi-layer tube.
- said composition of the layer (1) is devoid of plasticizer and/or impact modifier and said recycled material comes from a single-layer and/or multi-layer tube chosen from a crushed single-layer and/or multi-layer tube. and recompounded, and a crushed, recompounded and reformulated single-layer and/or multi-layer tube.
- said composition of the layer (1) is devoid of plasticizer and/or impact modifier and said recycled material comes from a tube chosen from a crushed and recompounded tube and a crushed, recompounded and reformulated tube.
- said composition of the layer (1) comprises at least one compound chosen from a plasticizer, an impact modifier and an additive, and said recycled material is chosen from a crushed tube, then recompounded and reformulated.
- said tube is a single-layer tube and/or a multi-layer tube.
- the fluid transported by said single-layer and/or multi-layer tube is different from that of said multi-layer tubular structure (MLT).
- said multi-layer tubular structure could be intended to transport gasoline or even if the single-layer and/or multi-layer tube has transported a fluid such as alcoholic gasoline, said tubular structure (MLT) may be intended to transport diesel.
- the fluid transported by said single-layer and/or multi-layer tube is the same as that of said multi-layer tubular structure (MLT).
- the tubular structure (MLT) may be intended to transport gasoline provided that the gasoline of the single-layer and/or multi-layer tube and said multilayer tubular structure (MLT) is the same, for example, of alcoholic gasoline.
- the recycled material comes from a single-layer tube consisting of a composition comprising only PA11.
- said composition of the layer (1) comprises at least 60% by weight, in particular at least 70% by weight, in particular at least 80% by weight, in particular at least 90% by weight, more particularly at less than 95% recycled material.
- said composition of the layer (1) consists of 100% by weight of recycled material.
- said tube which was intended for the transport of fluid for automobiles is single-layer or multi-layer, crushed and recompounded and the composition of the layer (1) resulting from said recycling consists of: at least 61% by weight, in particular from 96% to 99% by weight, in particular from 96% to 98% by weight, of at least one semi-crystalline aliphatic polyamide denoted C having an average number of carbon atoms per nitrogen atom denoted Ce comprised of 6 to 18, advantageously from 8 to 12; from 0 to 2% of at least one plasticizer, from 0 to 2% by weight of at least one additive, in particular a stabilizer; the sum of the constituents being equal to 100%.
- the semi-crystalline aliphatic polyamide denoted C is chosen from PA612, PA1012, PA1010, PA1 1 and PA12, in particular PA11.
- said tube was intended for the transport of fuel such as gasoline, in particular alcoholic gasoline, bio-petrol or diesel, in particular bio-diesel.
- the semi-crystalline aliphatic polyamide denoted C is chosen from PA612, PA1012, PA1010, PA1 1 and PA12, in particular PA11 and said tube was intended for the transport of fuel such as gasoline, in particular alcoholic gasoline, bio-gasoline or diesel, in particular biodiesel.
- said tube which was intended for the transport of fluid for automobiles is single-layer.
- said tube which was intended for the transport of automobile fluid is single-layer or multi-layer, crushed, recompounded and reformulated and the composition of the layer (1) resulting from said recycling and reformulated consists of: at least 58.5 % by weight of at least one semi-crystalline aliphatic polyamide denoted C having an average number of carbon atoms per nitrogen atom denoted Ce comprised from 6 to 18, advantageously from 8 to 12; from 6 to 14% of at least one plasticizer, in particular from 6 to 8%; from 0.5 to 1.5% by weight of at least one additive, in particular a stabilizer; the sum of the constituents being equal to 100%.
- the semi-crystalline aliphatic polyamide denoted C is chosen from PA612, PA1012, PA1010, PA1 1 and PA12, in particular PA11.
- said tube was intended for the transport of fuel such as gasoline, in particular alcoholic gasoline, bio-gasoline or diesel, in particular bio-diesel.
- fuel such as gasoline, in particular alcoholic gasoline, bio-gasoline or diesel, in particular bio-diesel.
- the semi-crystalline aliphatic polyamide denoted C is chosen from PA612, PA1012, PA1010, PA1 1 and PA12, in particular PA11 and said tube was intended for the transport of fuel such as gasoline, in particular alcoholic gasoline, bio-gasoline or diesel, in particular biodiesel.
- said tube which was intended for the transport of fluid for automobiles is single-layer.
- said tube which was intended for the transport of fluid for automobiles is single-layer or multi-layer, crushed, recompounded and reformulated and the composition of the layer (1) resulting from said recycling and reformulated consists of: at least 58% by weight of at least one semi-crystalline aliphatic polyamide denoted C having an average number of carbon atoms per nitrogen atom denoted Ce comprised from 6 to 18, advantageously from 8 to 12; from 6 to 14% of at least one plasticizer, in particular from 6 to 8%; from 1 to 2% by weight of at least one additive, in particular a stabilizer and a catalyst; the sum of the constituents being equal to 100%.
- the semi-crystalline aliphatic polyamide denoted C is chosen from PA612, PA1012, PA1010, PA1 1 and PA12, in particular PA11.
- said tube was intended for the transport of fuel such as gasoline, in particular alcoholic gasoline, bio-gasoline or diesel, in particular bio-diesel.
- fuel such as gasoline, in particular alcoholic gasoline, bio-gasoline or diesel, in particular bio-diesel.
- the semi-crystalline aliphatic polyamide denoted C is chosen from PA612, PA1012, PA1010, PA1 1 and PA12, in particular PA11 and said tube was intended for the transport of fuel such as gasoline, in particular alcoholic gasoline, bio-gasoline or diesel, in particular biodiesel.
- said tube which was intended for the transport of fluid for automobiles is single-layer.
- the composition is degassed during compounding, even more advantageously the degassing is located just after the fusion zone, and before the zone of introduction of plasticizer such as BBSA or other.
- the semi-crystalline aliphatic polyamide denoted C is chosen from PA612, PA1012, PA1010, PA1 1 and PA12, in particular PA11.
- said tube was intended for the transport of fuel such as gasoline, in particular alcoholic gasoline, bio-gasoline or diesel, in particular bio-diesel.
- fuel such as gasoline, in particular alcoholic gasoline, bio-gasoline or diesel, in particular bio-diesel.
- the semi-crystalline aliphatic polyamide denoted C is chosen from PA612, PA1012, PA1010, PA1 1 and PA12, in particular PA11 and said tube was intended for the transport of fuel such as gasoline, in particular alcoholic gasoline, bio-gasoline or diesel, in particular biodiesel.
- said tube which was intended for the transport of fluid for automobiles is single-layer.
- said tube which was intended for the transport of fluid for automobiles is single-layer or multi-layer, crushed, recompounded and reformulated and the composition of the layer (1) resulting from said recycling and reformulated consists of: at least 55% in weight, in particular from 55% to 99% by weight, in particular from 55% to 98% by weight, of at least one semi-crystalline aliphatic polyamide denoted C having an average number of carbon atoms per nitrogen atom denoted This included from 6 to 18, advantageously from 8 to 12; from 0 to 45% by weight of at least one shock modifier, in particular from 1 to 45% by weight of at least one shock modifier, in particular from 2 to 45% by weight of at least one shock modifier, the sum of the constituents being equal to 100%.
- the semi-crystalline aliphatic polyamide denoted C is chosen from PA612, PA1012, PA1010, PA1 1 and PA12, in particular PA11.
- said tube was intended for the transport of fuel such as gasoline, in particular alcoholic gasoline, bio-gasoline or diesel, in particular bio-diesel.
- fuel such as gasoline, in particular alcoholic gasoline, bio-gasoline or diesel, in particular bio-diesel.
- the semi-crystalline aliphatic polyamide denoted C is chosen from PA612, PA1012, PA1010, PA1 1 and PA12, in particular the PA11 and said tube was intended for the transport of fuel such as gasoline, in particular alcoholic gasoline, bio-gasoline or diesel, in particular biodiesel.
- said tube which was intended for the transport of fluid for automobiles is single-layer.
- said tube which was intended for the transport of automobile fluid is single-layer or multi-layer, crushed, recompounded and reformulated and the composition of the layer (1) resulting from said recycling and reformulated consists of: at least 50% in weight of at least one semi-crystalline aliphatic polyamide denoted C having an average number of carbon atoms per nitrogen atom denoted Ce comprised from 6 to 18, advantageously from 8 to 12; from 0 to 43.5% by weight of at least one impact modifier, in particular from 1 to 43.5% by weight of at least one shock modifier, in particular from 2 to 43.5% by weight of at least an impact modifier, from 6 to 14% of at least one plasticizer, in particular from 6 to 8%; from 0.5 to 1.5% by weight of at least one additive, in particular a stabilizer; the sum of the constituents being equal to 100%.
- the semi-crystalline aliphatic polyamide denoted C is chosen from PA612, PA1012, PA1010, PA1 1 and PA12, in particular PA11.
- said tube was intended for the transport of fuel such as gasoline, in particular alcoholic gasoline, bio-gasoline or diesel, in particular bio-diesel.
- fuel such as gasoline, in particular alcoholic gasoline, bio-gasoline or diesel, in particular bio-diesel.
- the semi-crystalline aliphatic polyamide denoted C is chosen from PA612, PA1012, PA1010, PA1 1 and PA12, in particular PA11 and said tube was intended for the transport of fuel such as gasoline, in particular alcoholic gasoline, bio-gasoline or diesel, in particular biodiesel.
- said tube which was intended for the transport of fluid for automobiles is single-layer.
- said tube which was intended for the transport of automobile fluid is single-layer or multi-layer, crushed, recompounded and reformulated and the composition of the layer (1) resulting from said recycling and reformulated consists of: at least 50% by weight of at least one semi-crystalline aliphatic polyamide denoted C having an average number of carbon atoms per nitrogen atom denoted Ce comprised from 6 to 18, advantageously from 8 to 12; from 0 to 43% by weight of at least one impact modifier, in particular from 1 to 43% by weight of at least one shock modifier, in particular from 2 to 38% by weight of at least one impact modifier, from 6 at 14% of at least one plasticizer, in particular from 6 to 8%; from 1 to 2% by weight of at least one additive, in particular a stabilizer and a catalyst; the sum of the constituents being equal to 100%.
- the semi-crystalline aliphatic polyamide denoted C is chosen from PA612, PA1012, PA1010, PA1 1 and PA12, in particular PA11.
- said tube was intended for the transport of fuel such as gasoline, in particular alcoholic gasoline, bio-gasoline or diesel, in particular bio-diesel.
- fuel such as gasoline, in particular alcoholic gasoline, bio-gasoline or diesel, in particular bio-diesel.
- the semi-crystalline aliphatic polyamide denoted C is chosen from PA612, PA1012, PA1010, PA1 1 and PA12, in particular PA11 and said tube was intended for the transport of fuel such as gasoline, in particular alcoholic gasoline, bio-gasoline or diesel, in particular biodiesel.
- said tube which was intended for the transport of fluid for automobiles is single-layer.
- the semi-crystalline aliphatic polyamide denoted C is chosen from PA612, PA1012, PA1010, PA1 1 and PA12, in particular PA11.
- said tube was intended for the transport of fuel such as gasoline, in particular alcoholic gasoline, bio-gasoline or diesel, in particular bio-diesel.
- fuel such as gasoline, in particular alcoholic gasoline, bio-gasoline or diesel, in particular bio-diesel.
- the semi-crystalline aliphatic polyamide denoted C is chosen from PA612, PA1012, PA1010, PA1 1 and PA12, in particular PA11 and said tube was intended for the transport of fuel such as gasoline, in particular alcoholic gasoline, bio-gasoline or diesel, in particular biodiesel.
- said tube which was intended for the transport of fluid for automobiles is single-layer.
- the impact modifier is advantageously constituted by a polymer having a flexural modulus less than 100 MPa measured according to the ISO 178: 2010 standard, determined at 23°C with a relative humidity: RH50%, and a Tg less than 0°C (measured according to standard 11357-2:2013 at the level of the inflection point of the DSC thermogram, at a heating rate of 20K/min), in particular a polyolefin.
- the polyolefin of the impact modifier may be functionalized or non-functionalized or be a mixture of at least one functionalized and/or at least one non-functionalized.
- the polyolefin has been designated by (B) and functionalized polyolefins (B1) and non-functionalized polyolefins (B2) have been described below.
- a non-functionalized polyolefin (B2) is conventionally a homopolymer or copolymer of alpha olefins or diolefins, such as, for example, ethylene, propylene, 1-butene, 1-octene, butadiene.
- alpha olefins or diolefins such as, for example, ethylene, propylene, 1-butene, 1-octene, butadiene.
- LDPE low density polyethylene
- HDPE high density polyethylene
- LLDPE linear low density polyethylene, or linear low density polyethylene
- VLDPE very low density polyethylene, or very low density polyethylene
- metallocene polyethylene metallocene polyethylene
- ethylene/alpha-olefin copolymers such as ethylene/propylene, EPR (abbreviation of ethylene-propylene-rubber) and ethylene/propylene/diene (EPDM).
- EPR abbreviation of ethylene-propylene-rubber
- EPDM ethylene/propylene/diene
- SEBS styrene/ethylene-butene/styrene block copolymers
- SBS styrene/butadiene/styrene
- SIS styrene/isoprene/styrene
- SEPS styrene/ethylene-propylene/styrene
- the functionalized polyolefin (B1) may be a polymer of alpha olefins having reactive units (the functionalities); such reactive units are acid, anhydride, or epoxy functions.
- the functionalities are acid, anhydride, or epoxy functions.
- a functionalized polyolefin is for example a PE/EPR mixture, the weight ratio of which can vary widely, for example between 40/60 and 90/10, said mixture being co-grafted with an anhydride, in particular maleic anhydride, according to a grafting rate for example of 0.01 to 5% by weight.
- the functionalized polyolefin (B1) can be chosen from the following (co)polymers, grafted with maleic anhydride or glycidyl methacrylate, in which the grafting rate is for example 0.01 to 5% by weight:
- ethylene/alpha-olefin copolymers such as ethylene/propylene, EPR (abbreviation of ethylene-propylene-rubber) and ethylene/propylene/diene (EPDM).
- EPR abbreviation of ethylene-propylene-rubber
- EPDM ethylene/propylene/diene
- SEBS styrene/ethylene-butene/styrene block copolymers
- SBS styrene/butadiene/styrene
- SIS styrene/isoprene/styrene
- SEPS styrene/ethylene-propylene/styrene
- EVA ethylene and vinyl acetate copolymers
- the functionalized polyolefin (B1) can also be chosen from ethylene/propylene copolymers with a majority of propylene grafted with maleic anhydride then condensed with monoamine polyamide (or a polyamide oligomer) (products described in EP-A-0342066) .
- the functionalized polyolefin (B1) can also be a co- or ter polymer of at least the following units: (1) ethylene, (2) alkyl (meth)acrylate or vinyl ester of saturated carboxylic acid and (3) anhydride such as maleic anhydride or (meth)acrylic or epoxy acid such as glycidyl (meth)acrylate.
- ethylene preferably represents at least 60% by weight and where the ter monomer (the function) represents for example from 0.1 to 10% by weight of the copolymer:
- the (meth)acrylic acid can be salified with Zn or Li.
- alkyl (meth) acrylate designates C1 to C8 alkyl methacrylates and acrylates, and can be chosen from methyl acrylate, ethyl acrylate , n-butyl acrylate, iso-butyl acrylate, ethyl-2-hexyl acrylate, cyclohexyl acrylate, methyl methacrylate and ethyl methacrylate.
- the aforementioned polyolefins (B1) can also be crosslinked by any appropriate process or agent (diepoxy, diacid, peroxide, etc.); the term functionalized polyolefin also includes mixtures of the aforementioned polyolefins with a difunctional reagent such as diacid, dianhydride, diepoxy, etc. capable of reacting with these or mixtures of at least two functionalized polyolefins capable of reacting with each other.
- a difunctional reagent such as diacid, dianhydride, diepoxy, etc.
- the copolymers mentioned above, (B1) and (B2) can be copolymerized randomly or block-wise and have a linear or branched structure.
- the molecular weight, the MFI index, the density of these polyolefins can also vary to a large extent, which those skilled in the art will appreciate.
- MFI short for Melt Flow Index, is the melt flow index. It is measured according to the ASTM 1238 standard.
- the non-functionalized polyolefins (B2) are chosen from homopolymers or copolymers of polypropylene and any homopolymer of ethylene or copolymer of ethylene and a higher alpha olefin type comonomer such as butene, hexene, octene or 4-methyl 1-Pentene.
- PP high density PE
- medium density PE linear low density PE
- low density PE very low density PE.
- These polyethylenes are known by those skilled in the art as being produced according to a “radical” process, according to “Ziegler” type catalysis or, more recently, according to so-called “metlocene” catalysis.
- the functionalized polyolefins (B1) are chosen from any polymer comprising alpha olefinic units and units carrying polar reactive functions such as epoxy, carboxylic acid or carboxylic acid anhydride functions.
- polymers mention may be made of ter polymers of ethylene, alkyl acrylate and maleic anhydride or glycidyl methacrylate such as the Applicant's Lotader® or polyolefins grafted with maleic anhydride such as the Applicant's Orevac® as well as ter polymers of ethylene, alkyl acrylate and (meth)acrylic acid.
- Mention may also be made of polypropylene homopolymers or copolymers grafted with a carboxylic acid anhydride then condensed with polyamides or monoamino oligomers of polyamide.
- the additives optionally used in the compositions of the invention are the classic additives used in polyamides well known to those skilled in the art and are described in particular in EP 2098580.
- a catalyst for example they are chosen from a catalyst, an antioxidant, a heat stabilizer, a UV absorber, a light stabilizer, a lubricant, an inorganic filler, a flame retardant, a nucleating agent and a dye, fibers reinforcement, a wax and their mixtures.
- catalyst designates a polycondensation catalyst such as a mineral or organic acid.
- the proportion by weight of catalyst is comprised from approximately 50 ppm to approximately 5000 ppm, in particular from approximately 100 to approximately 3000 ppm relative to the total weight of the composition.
- the catalyst is chosen from phosphoric acid (H3PO4), phosphorous acid (H3PO3), hypophosphorous acid (H3PO2), or a mixture of these.
- the stabilizer can be a UV stabilizer, an organic stabilizer or more generally a combination of organic stabilizers, such as a phenol type antioxidant (for example of the type of irganox® 245 or 1098 or 1010 of the company Ciba-BASF), a phosphite-type antioxidant (for example irgafos® 126 and irgafos® 168 from the company Ciba-BASF) and possibly other stabilizers such as a HALS, which means Hindered Amine Light Stabilize or hindered amine type light stabilizer (for example Tinuvin® 770 from the company Ciba-BASF), an anti-UV (for example Tinuvin® 312 from the company Ciba) or a phosphorus-based stabilizer. It is also possible to use amine-type antioxidants such as Naugard® 445 from the Crompton company or even polyfunctional stabilizers such as Nylostab® S-EED from the Clariant company.
- organic stabilizers
- This stabilizer can also be a mineral stabilizer, such as a copper-based stabilizer.
- a mineral stabilizer such as a copper-based stabilizer.
- copper halides and acetates mention may be made of copper halides and acetates. Incidentally, we can possibly consider other metals such as silver, but these are known to be less effective.
- copper-based compounds are typically associated with alkali metal halides, particularly potassium.
- the plasticizers are, for example, the plasticizers are chosen from benzene sulfonamide derivatives, such as n-butyl benzene sulfonamide (BBSA); ethyl toluene sulfonamide or N-cyclohexyl toluene sulfonamide; esters of hydroxybenzoic acids, such as ethyl-2-hexyl parahydroxybenzoate and decyl-2-hexyl parahydroxybenzoate; esters or ethers of tetrahydrofurfuryl alcohol, such as oligoethyleneoxytetrahydrofurfuryl alcohol; and esters of citric acid or hydroxy-malonic acid, such as oligoethyleneoxy malonate.
- BBSA n-butyl benzene sulfonamide
- esters of hydroxybenzoic acids such as ethyl-2-hexyl parahydroxybenzoate and decyl-2-he
- the additives when present in the composition are advantageously present from 1 to 20% by weight, in particular from 5 to 15% by weight, in particular from 5 to 12% by weight.
- the antistatic charges are for example chosen from carbon black, graphite, carbon fibers, carbon nanotubes, in particular carbon black and carbon nanotubes, Regarding layer (2)
- polysemi-crystalline polyamide and “aliphatic” have the same definition as for layer (1).
- Said at least one aliphatic semi-crystalline polyamide is obtained in the same manner as described above for layer (1).
- said layer (2) is devoid of impact modifier.
- the semi-crystalline aliphatic polyamide which is PA12 and/or PA612 and/or PA1010 is excluded from the composition which constitutes layer (2).
- said layer (2) comprises from 3 to 45% by weight of at least one impact modifier, in particular from 5 to 20% by weight of at least one impact modifier.
- the composition of said layer (2) comprises a PA11, a PA12 or a PA612 and from 3 to 45% by weight of an impact modifier, in particular from 5 to 20% by weight of an impact modifier.
- said layer (1) is the layer in contact with the transported fluid.
- the composition of said layer (2) comprises a PA1 1, a PA12 or a PA612 and the recycled material comes from a single-layer tube consisting of a composition comprising only a PA11, in particular the composition of the layer (1) is made from 100% recycled material.
- the composition of said layer (2) comprises a PA1 1, a PA12 or a PA612,
- the recycled material comes from a single-layer tube consisting of a composition comprising only a PA11, in particular the composition of the layer (1) is made of 100% recycled material and the composition of said layer (2') comprises a PA1 1, a PA12 or a PA612.
- the composition of said layer (2) comprises a PA1 1, a PA12 or a PA612 and from 3 to 45% by weight of at least one impact modifier, in particular from 5 to 20% by weight of at least one impact modifier and the recycled material comes from a single-layer tube made up of a composition comprising only a PA1 1, in particular the composition of the layer (1) is made up of 100% recycled material.
- said layer (1) represents at least 10%, in particular at least 30%, in particular at least 50% of the total thickness of said multilayer tubular structure (MLT).
- said layer (1) represents at least 60%, in particular at least 70%, of the total thickness of said multilayer tubular structure (MLT).
- said composition of said layer (1) is devoid of polyamides denoted A and B and said composition of said layer (2) comprises polyamides chosen from those denoted E, F and a mixture of these.
- said composition of said layer (1) comprises polyamides chosen from those denoted A, B and a mixture thereof, and said composition of said layer (2) is free of polyamides noted E and F.
- said composition of said layer (1) comprises polyamides chosen from those Tl denoted A, B and a mixture thereof, and said composition of said layer (2) comprises polyamides chosen from those denoted E, F and a mixture thereof.
- said composition of said layer (1) is free of polyamides denoted A and B and said composition of said layer (2) is devoid of polyamides denoted E and F.
- the layer (1) comes from a single-layer recycled tube.
- the layer (1) comes from a single-layer recycled tube and only said composition of said layer (1) comprises at least one impact modifier.
- the layer (1) comes from a single-layer recycled tube and said composition of said layer (1) as well as said composition of the layer (2) comprises at least one impact modifier.
- the layer (1) comes from a multi-layer recycled tube.
- the layer (1) comes from a multilayer recycled tube and only said composition of said layer (1) comprises at least one impact modifier.
- the layer (1) comes from a multilayer recycled tube and said composition of said layer (1) as well as said composition of the layer (2) comprises at least one impact modifier.
- the so-called multi-layer tubular is intended for the transport of fluids chosen from a fuel such as gasoline, in particular alcoholic gasoline, bio-gasoline or diesel, in particular bio-diesel.
- a fuel such as gasoline, in particular alcoholic gasoline, bio-gasoline or diesel, in particular bio-diesel.
- PA1 1 Polyamide 1 1 of Mn (molecular mass in number) 29000.
- the melting temperature is 190 ° C, its enthalpy of fusion is 56kJ/m2.
- the composition of this PA1 1 includes 0.25% (+/-0.05%) of H3PO4.
- PA12 Polyamide 12 of Mn (molecular mass in number) 35000. The melting temperature is 178°C, its fusion enthalpy is 54kJ/m2
- PA1012 Polyamide 1012 of Mn (molecular mass in number) 27000. The melting temperature is 190 °C, its enthalpy cb fusion is 57kJ/m2
- the melting temperature and the enthalpy of fusion were determined according to the ISO 11357-3:2013 standard.
- the following additives, plasticizers and impact modifiers were used in the compositions of the invention: stabilizer: stabilizer consisting of 80% Lowinox® 44B25 phenol from the company Great Lakes, 20% phosphite Irgafos® 168 from the company Ciba BBSA: plasticizer BBSA (benzyl butyl sulfonamide),
- Imod generically designates an impact modifier of the polyolefin type or other such as PEBA (polyether-block-amide), core-ecorec (core-shell) particles, silicones, etc.
- PEBA polyether-block-amide
- core-ecorec core-shell particles
- silicones etc.
- Imodl designates an EPR functionalized by an anhydride-functional reactive group (at 0.5-1% by mass), of MFI 9 (at 230°C, under) 10kg, of the Exxellor® VA1801 type from the company Exxon.
- Imod2 impact modifier type ethylene/ethyl acrylate/anhydride in mass ratio 68.5/30/1.5 and MFI 6 at 190 °C under 2.16 kg.
- Imod3 impact modifier type ethylene/butyl acrylate/anhydride in mass ratio 79/18/3 and MFI 5 at 190°C under 2.16 kg.
- compositions were used to manufacture the tubes according to the invention:
- compositions called “recy”, “recy2” and “recy3” used for layer (1) of the tubes of the invention or counter-example tubes protocols for simulating an aged tube were used:
- Protocol A The tube is (artificially) aged according to an easily reproducible model protocol which consists of placing it in air (in the presence of oxygen) at 150°C for 96 hours (4 days), in order to thermo-oxidize it .
- This model aging is representative of the average thermo-oxidation that the tubes undergo over 10 years of service in a vehicle alongside a hot engine.
- protocol A is representative of a regrinded gasoline tube. Specific protocols used during the (re)compounding of the aged tube.
- the crushed tube After aging, the crushed tube can in certain cases be recompounded according to two protocols:
- Protocol B the regrinded tube is recompounded on a Coperion/Werner® 40mm twin-screw extruder, 70kgh, 300rpm, 270°C setpoint, with a degassing of - lOOmmHg.
- Protocol B2 the regrinded tube is recompounded on a Coperion/Werner® 40mm twin-screw extruder, 70kgh, 300rpm, 270°C setpoint, with strong degassing of -660mmHg.
- compositions used for the preparation of the tubes of the invention are as follows:
- PA1 1 PL PA1 1 + 7% BBSA + 1% stabilizer
- PA12PL PA12 + 12% BBSA + 1% stabilizer
- PA1 1 PL-recy tube of PA11 PL aged according to protocol A, regrinded, to then be recycled.
- PA1 1 PL-recy2 tube of PA1 1 PL aged according to protocol A, regrinded, recompounded according to protocol B2, with during this recompounding addition of 7% BBSA + 0.5% stabilizer, to then be recycled
- PA1 1 PL-recy + 50%PA12PL-recy a 50/50 mixture of PA11 PL-recy and PA12PL-recy granules.
- PA1 1 PL-recy3 tube of PA1 1 PL aged according to protocol A, regrinded, recompounded according to protocol B2, recompounding with strong degassing, with during this recompounding addition of 6% of imod3 and 5% of BBSA and 0.5% of stabilizer.
- PA12PL-recy PA12PL tube aged according to protocol A, regrinded, to then be recycled.
- PA12imod1 PA12 + 6% imodl + 8%BBSA +1% stabilizer
- PA1012PL4 PA1012 + 12% BBSA + 1% stabilizer
- PA12HIP-recy3 tube of PA12HIPHL aged according to protocol A, regrinded, recompounded according to protocol B, with during this recompounding addition of 6% imod1, 9% BBSA and 1% stabilizer; being then intended to be recycled
- PA1 1 NX3 PA1 1 + imod2 10% + PA610 5% + PA6 5% + BBSA 4% + stabilizer 1%
- PA1 1 NX3-recy2 tube of PA1 1 NX3 aged according to protocol A, regrinded, recompounded according to protocol B2, recompounding with strong degassing, with during this recompounding addition of 3% BBSA and 0.5% stabilizer.
- PA1 1 PL-recyNX3 tube of PA1 1 PL aged according to protocol A, regrinded, recompounded according to protocol B, with during this recompounding addition of imod2 10% + PA610 5% + PA6 5% + BBSA 4% + stabilizer 1%, to then be recycled
- PA12HIPHL PA12 + 6% imodl + 10%BBSA + 1% stabilizer
- PA12HIPHL-recy2 tube of PA12HIPHL aged according to protocol A, regrinded, recompounded according to protocol B, with during this recompounding addition of 10% BBSA + 0.5% stabilizer, to then be recycled
- PA12HIP-recy3 tube of PA12HIPHL aged according to protocol A, regrinded, recompounded according to protocol B, with during this recompounding addition of 6% imod1, 9% BBSA and 1% stabilizer; being then intended to be recycled
- compositions are manufactured by classic compounding in a co-rotating twin-screw extruder of the Coperion® 40 type, at 300rpm, at 270°C (or at 300°C when the ingredients have a melting point greater than 260°C).
- Multilayer tubes of the invention are Multilayer tubes of the invention.
- Multilayer tubes are made by coextrusion. We use an industrial Maillefer® multilayer extrusion line, equipped with 5 extruders, connected to a multilayer extrusion head with spiral mandrels.
- the extrusion line includes: a die-punch assembly, located at the end of the coextrusion head; the internal diameter of the die and the external diameter of the punch are chosen according to the structure to be produced and the materials which compose it, as well as the dimensions of the tube and the line speed; a vacuum tank with an adjustable depression level. Water circulates in this tank, generally maintained at 20°C, into which a gauge is immersed to conform the tube to its final dimensions.
- the diameter of the gauge is adapted to the dimensions of the tube to be made, typically 8.5 to 10 mm for a tube with an external diameter of 8 mm and a thickness of 1 mm; a succession of cooling tanks in which the water is maintained at around 20°C, allowing the tube to be cooled along the route from the head to the draw bench; a diameter gauge; a drawing bench.
- the 5 extruder configuration is used to make tubes ranging from 2 layers to 5 layers (and also single layer tubes). Before the tests, in order to ensure the best tube properties and good extrusion quality, we check that the extruded materials have a residual humidity level before extrusion of less than 0.08%. Otherwise, an additional step of drying the material is carried out before the tests, generally in a vacuum dryer, for 1 night at 80°C.
- the tubes which meet the characteristics described in this patent application, were taken, after stabilization of the extrusion parameters, the dimensions of the targeted tubes no longer changing over time.
- the diameter is controlled by a laser diameter gauge installed at the end of the line.
- the line speed is typically 20m/min. It generally varies between 5 and 100m/min.
- the screw speed of the extruders depends on the thickness of the layer and the diameter of the screw as is known to those skilled in the art.
- the temperatures of the extruders and the tools must be adjusted so as to be sufficiently higher than the melting temperature of the compositions considered, so that they remain in the molten state, thus avoiding that they solidify and block the machine.
- the multilayer tubes produced by extrusion above were then evaluated on several criteria:
- Bending modulus designates the bending modulus measured according to ISO178 at 23°C on a tube conditioned at equilibrium in a climate of 50% humidity and at 23°C
- shock performance that can be described as "very bad”, which corresponds to > 75% Aging: this is durability, in other words it refers to the resistance of the tube to oxidative aging in hot air.
- the tube is left to age in air at 150°C, then it is shocked with a shock according to the DIN 73378 standard, this shock being carried out at -40°C, the half-life (in hours) which corresponds is indicated. at the end of which 50% of the tubes tested break. A qualitative comment accompanies this value.
- thermo-oxidative aging resistance to thermo-oxidative aging
- acceptable resistance to thermo-oxidative aging
- thermo-oxidative aging resistance to thermo-oxidative aging
- peeling is carried out at the interface by subjecting one of the parts to traction at an angle of 90° and at a speed of 50 mm/min according to the following process.
- a strip of tube 9mm wide is cut. This strip is therefore tile-shaped and still has all the layers of the original tube. We begin the separation of the two layers of the interface, which we wish to evaluate using a knife. Each of the layers thus separated is placed in the jaws of a traction machine. Peeling is carried out by pulling these 2 layers on either side at 180 degrees and at a speed of 50 mm/min. The strip, and therefore the interface, is kept at 90 degrees to the direction of traction.
- Elongation at break (All.%): this is the elongation at break achieved according to the ISO R527 standard except that measured on a tube with a diameter of 8mm and a thickness of 1mm.
Landscapes
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
- Laminated Bodies (AREA)
- Rigid Pipes And Flexible Pipes (AREA)
- Compositions Of Macromolecular Compounds (AREA)
Abstract
Description
Claims
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| FR2202781A FR3134030B1 (fr) | 2022-03-29 | 2022-03-29 | Structure multicouche a base de polyamide recycle |
| PCT/FR2023/050431 WO2023187286A1 (fr) | 2022-03-29 | 2023-03-27 | Structure multicouche a base de polyamide recycle |
Publications (1)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| EP4499401A1 true EP4499401A1 (fr) | 2025-02-05 |
Family
ID=82594993
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| EP23719434.5A Pending EP4499401A1 (fr) | 2022-03-29 | 2023-03-27 | Structure multicouche a base de polyamide recycle |
Country Status (5)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| US (1) | US20250196484A1 (fr) |
| EP (1) | EP4499401A1 (fr) |
| CN (1) | CN118973806A (fr) |
| FR (1) | FR3134030B1 (fr) |
| WO (1) | WO2023187286A1 (fr) |
Family Cites Families (4)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| FR2629090B1 (fr) | 1988-03-24 | 1990-11-23 | Atochem | Copolymere greffe a base d'alpha-mono-olefine, son procede de fabrication, son application a la fabrication d'alliages thermoplastiques, alliages thermoplastiques obtenus |
| FR2928152B1 (fr) | 2008-03-03 | 2011-04-01 | Arkema France | Composition adhesive et structure comprenant au moins une couche de ladite composition |
| FR3110583B1 (fr) * | 2020-05-19 | 2025-01-17 | Arkema France | Structure multicouche a base de polyamide recycle |
| FR3112376A1 (fr) * | 2020-07-08 | 2022-01-14 | Arkema France | Structure monocouche a base de polyamide recycle |
-
2022
- 2022-03-29 FR FR2202781A patent/FR3134030B1/fr active Active
-
2023
- 2023-03-27 CN CN202380031052.2A patent/CN118973806A/zh active Pending
- 2023-03-27 US US18/851,632 patent/US20250196484A1/en active Pending
- 2023-03-27 WO PCT/FR2023/050431 patent/WO2023187286A1/fr not_active Ceased
- 2023-03-27 EP EP23719434.5A patent/EP4499401A1/fr active Pending
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| WO2023187286A1 (fr) | 2023-10-05 |
| FR3134030B1 (fr) | 2024-05-31 |
| US20250196484A1 (en) | 2025-06-19 |
| CN118973806A (zh) | 2024-11-15 |
| FR3134030A1 (fr) | 2023-10-06 |
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