EP4497185A1 - Verfahren zur anpassung eines spannungssollwerts für die regelung eines stufentransformators und vorrichtung zur anpassung eines spannungssollwerts für die regelung eines stufentransformators - Google Patents
Verfahren zur anpassung eines spannungssollwerts für die regelung eines stufentransformators und vorrichtung zur anpassung eines spannungssollwerts für die regelung eines stufentransformatorsInfo
- Publication number
- EP4497185A1 EP4497185A1 EP23722264.1A EP23722264A EP4497185A1 EP 4497185 A1 EP4497185 A1 EP 4497185A1 EP 23722264 A EP23722264 A EP 23722264A EP 4497185 A1 EP4497185 A1 EP 4497185A1
- Authority
- EP
- European Patent Office
- Prior art keywords
- voltage
- tap
- power
- current
- tap position
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Pending
Links
Classifications
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
- H02P—CONTROL OR REGULATION OF ELECTRIC MOTORS, ELECTRIC GENERATORS OR DYNAMO-ELECTRIC CONVERTERS; CONTROLLING TRANSFORMERS, REACTORS OR CHOKE COILS
- H02P13/00—Arrangements for controlling transformers, reactors or choke coils, for the purpose of obtaining a desired output
- H02P13/06—Arrangements for controlling transformers, reactors or choke coils, for the purpose of obtaining a desired output by tap-changing; by rearranging interconnections of windings
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01F—MAGNETS; INDUCTANCES; TRANSFORMERS; SELECTION OF MATERIALS FOR THEIR MAGNETIC PROPERTIES
- H01F29/00—Variable transformers or inductances not covered by group H01F21/00
- H01F29/02—Variable transformers or inductances not covered by group H01F21/00 with tappings on coil or winding; with provision for rearrangement or interconnection of windings
- H01F29/04—Variable transformers or inductances not covered by group H01F21/00 with tappings on coil or winding; with provision for rearrangement or interconnection of windings having provision for tap-changing without interrupting the load current
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
- H02J—ELECTRIC POWER NETWORKS; CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS OR SYSTEMS FOR SUPPLYING OR DISTRIBUTING ELECTRIC POWER; SYSTEMS FOR STORING ELECTRIC ENERGY
- H02J3/00—Circuit arrangements for AC mains or AC distribution networks
- H02J3/18—Arrangements for adjusting, eliminating or compensating reactive power in networks
- H02J3/1878—Arrangements for adjusting, eliminating or compensating reactive power in networks using tap changing or phase shifting transformers
Definitions
- the invention relates to a method for adjusting a desired voltage value for controlling a step transformer by means of an on-load tap changer.
- the invention further relates to a device for adjusting a voltage setpoint for controlling a step transformer.
- the object of the present invention is therefore to create a method for adjusting a voltage setpoint for the control of a tap transformer with an on-load tap changer, through which the voltage at the end user does not slip out of a predetermined voltage band and, in addition, the maximum utilization of the system, which corresponds to the current through the lines, is not exceeded.
- a method for adjusting a voltage setpoint for voltage regulation of a step transformer using an on-load tap changer comprising the following steps: determining a reverse power flow on a low-voltage side of the step transformer by measuring a current and a voltage; actuating the on-load tap changer from a current tap position to a further tap position and measuring the voltage and current in the further tap position; determining a value m from the performances of the different level positions; using the specific value m as a slope for a first section of a straight line of a voltage setpoint.
- the method makes it easy to adapt the voltage setpoint, which is used to control the on-load tap changer in the tap transformer, particularly efficiently and quickly in the case of a reverse power flow and thus prevent overvoltages among consumers in the network. Furthermore, the process ensures maximum feed-in power. A fixed voltage setpoint does not make it possible to react to changes in the network on the low-voltage side. The process makes it possible, for example, for a PV system to be easily switched on in the network without this having any negative effects. The process then adapts the voltage setpoint to the new network conditions. For this purpose, after the reverse power flow has been determined, the power (apparent power and/or active power) is determined at different tap positions.
- the performances are based on measured currents and voltages on the low-voltage side of the tap transformer when the on-load tap changer moves to different tap positions. Once determined, the quotient of the power then represents the value m of the slope of the straight line that represents the voltage setpoint.
- the power can be determined in any way, for example as apparent power and/or active power.
- the reverse power flow can be determined in any way, for example by measuring the current and voltage on the low-voltage side of the step transformer. In particular, when reverse power flow is detected, the active current flows from the consumers and the producers, i.e. from the low-voltage side, via the step transformer to the high-voltage side.
- the on-load tap changer can be designed in any way and can be, for example, an on-load tap changer with a diverter switch and selector or on-load selector. Furthermore, the on-load tap changer can have mechanical switching elements such as contacts and vacuum interrupters or also semiconductor switching elements. The on-load tap changer can be actuated via a motor drive or electronic control of the semiconductor switching elements.
- the performance can be determined in any way, for example as the product of measured current and measured voltage. Either the apparent power or the real power can be determined.
- the value m for the slope for the first section of a straight line of a voltage setpoint is determined as a quotient from the outputs of different tap positions of the on-load tap changer.
- Value m is used after its determination as the slope in the first section of the straight line of the voltage setpoint.
- the method can be carried out in any way, with the power in the current tap position being determined as the product of the measured current and the measured voltage in the current tap position; the on-load tap changer is actuated and moved from a current tap position to a higher tap position; the power of the higher tap position is determined as the product of the measured current and the measured voltage of the higher tap position; the value m is determined as the quotient of the power of the higher step position and the power of the lower step position.
- the value m is then used as the slope in the first section of the straight line of the voltage setpoint and thus replaces the previous first section of the straight line.
- the method can be carried out in any way, with the power in the current tap position being determined as the product of the measured current and the measured voltage in the current tap position.
- the on-load tap changer is actuated and moved from a current tap position n to a lower tap position becomes; the power of the lower tap position is determined as the product of the measured current and the measured voltage of the lower tap position; the value m is determined as a quotient of the power of the higher step position n and the power of the lower step position n-1.
- the method can be carried out in any way, with the on-load tap changer being actuated and moved from a current tap position to a higher tap position; - the power of the higher step position as a product of the measured
- the on-load tap changer is actuated twice and moved from a current tap position to the lower tap position; - the power of the lower tap position is determined as the product of the measured current and the measured voltage of the lower tap position; the value m is determined as the quotient of the power of the higher step position and the power of the lower step position.
- the method can be carried out in any way, with the on-load tap changer being actuated and moved from a current tap position to a lower tap position; the power of the lower tap position is determined as the product of the measured current and the measured voltage of the lower tap position; the on-load tap changer is actuated twice and moved from a current tap position to the higher tap position; the power of the higher tap position is determined as the product of the measured current and the measured voltage of the higher tap position; the value m is determined as the quotient of the power of the higher step position and the power of the lower step position.
- the on-load tap changer is always switched from the current tap position to an adjacent tap position. The voltage and current are measured in the respective tap positions.
- the quotient of the power of the higher tap position and the lower tap position forms the slope of the straight line that represents the voltage setpoint.
- Higher and lower tap position here means that the numerical value of the higher tap position of the on-load tap changer is higher than the numerical value of the lower tap position. It is also possible to switch from a current tap position to a higher tap position. The system then switches to the lower step position twice. The voltage and current are measured accordingly in the tap positions approached. The value m for the slope of the voltage setpoint thus becomes more precise. The gradient triangle becomes larger and therefore the specific value m becomes more precise.
- a further object of the present invention is to provide a device for adjusting a voltage setpoint for voltage regulation of a step transformer, comprising: at least one measuring device for measuring a current and a voltage on the low-voltage side of the step transformer; a control device which is connected to the at least one measuring device for receiving the measured current and voltage.
- the device is set up and designed to carry out the improved method described above for adapting a voltage setpoint for voltage regulation of a tap transformer by means of an on-load tap changer and in particular to record the measured currents and voltages, to determine a reverse power flow, the respective powers to calculate, control the drive of the on-load tap changer so that the on-load tap changer moves to different tap positions, a value for the slope of the
- the device can be designed in any way, with the step transformer being a series regulator with variable impedance, in particular a
- Figure 1 a power supply system
- Figure 2 shows a circuit diagram of an idealized network
- Figure 3 is a diagram for visualizing a voltage control.
- Figure 1 shows a power supply system 100 comprising a step transformer 200 with a plurality of primary windings 300 and a plurality of secondary windings 400, which are inductively coupled.
- An on-load tap changer 10 which is coupled to the primary windings.
- the primary windings 300 have several taps.
- the on-load tap changer 10 is connected to the primary windings 300 via the taps.
- the on-load tap changer 10 is designed to connect the taps and thus to regulate the tap transformer 200.
- a motor drive 11 actuates the on-load tap changer 10, whereby the taps for controlling the tap transformer 200 are connected.
- a device 20 is provided for voltage regulation.
- the device 20 has a control device 21 which is connected to the motor drive 11 and a measuring device 15.
- the control device 21 is designed and set up to control the motor drive 11 and thus the actuation of the on-load tap changer 10, whereby the tap transformer 200 is controlled.
- the step transformer 200 is connected to the high-voltage network on its first side 30, the high-voltage side. Furthermore, the step transformer 200 is connected to the low-voltage network on its second side 40, the low-voltage side. For example, there is 110kV on the high voltage side and 20kV on the low voltage side.
- the networks are preferably three-phase networks. Typically, the voltage of the first network is converted into a lower voltage of the second network using the step transformer 200.
- the step transformer 200 is preferably as a series regulator with variable impedance or high-voltage transformer educated.
- the control device 21 of the device 20 on the step transformer 200 is intended for voltage regulation.
- This control device 21 can be arranged directly on the transformer housing or separately in a control room.
- At least one measuring device 15 is arranged on the low-voltage side, which measures these voltage and current changes. Specifically, it involves at least one current and at least one voltage sensor, which is arranged on at least one line 16 of the second network (low-voltage network). This measuring device 15 transmits the measured voltage and the measured current to the control device 21. Furthermore, the measuring device 15 can also be arranged on the high-voltage side, i.e. the first side 30.
- FIG. 2 shows a circuit diagram of an idealized network 41 with the power supply system 100.
- the step transformer 200 is connected to the network.
- a line with a line impedance 45, a consumer with a consumer impedance 46, a high-voltage network with a network impedance 43 and a generator 47 are also shown.
- the generator 47 represents old elements (producers) that supply the power to the network feed in and not take out. These can be, for example, photovoltaic systems, wind turbines and therefore, more generally, renewable energy producers.
- the line impedance 45 represents the impedance of all lines (or high-voltage lines or cables).
- the network impedance 43 represents the impedance of the higher-level network (high-voltage network) at the connection point of the step transformer.
- the step transformer 200 represents an adjustable series impedance.
- a voltage U20 is measured between points A and B of the network.
- Point A is located between the step transformer 200 and the line impedance 45, the consumer impedance 46 and the generator 47.
- Point B is after the line impedance 45, the consumer impedance 46 and the generator 47.
- a current I20 is measured directly at point A . All measurements and in particular the measurements at point A are carried out using measuring device 15.
- the current I20 active current
- the current I20 active current
- the current I20 flows from the high-voltage network via the step transformer 200 and the lines to the consumers.
- RPF the current (active current) flows 120 from the combination of consumers and generators via lines into the high-voltage network via the step transformer 200.
- the sign of the measured power is negative.
- the sign of the measured power is positive. This means that the sign can be used to determine whether there is a reverse power flow or a forward power flow.
- Figure 3 shows a diagram for visualizing the voltage control on a step transformer 200.
- the power (active power) P which is taken from or fed into or supplied to the step transformer 200, is plotted on the X-axis.
- FPF Forward Power Flow
- a reference voltage Uref is plotted on the Y axis.
- a reference voltage of 100 V is specified, although this can deviate by 10% between 90 V and 110 V.
- any voltage value can be entered here.
- the reference voltage Uref forms the measured voltage on the second side 40 in the low-voltage network directly or indirectly.
- a straight line 50 is shown in the diagram, which serves as a setpoint for the device 20 for voltage regulation; This straight line 50 represents the voltage setpoint Usoll.
- the voltage Uact of the step transformer 200 on the second side 40 is permanently monitored using at least one measuring device 15. These measured values of the voltages Uact are plotted in the diagram.
- the on-load tap changer 10 is actuated via the motor drive 11 until the measured actual value of the voltage Uact is at or immediately close to the voltage setpoint Usoll, represented by the straight line 50. finds.
- a voltage band or a tolerance range is specified around the voltage setpoint Usoll, i.e. also around the straight line 50, in which the actual value of the voltage Uactual can be located without any actuation having to take place.
- the straight line 50 of the voltage setpoint Usoll is divided into a first section and a second section and can have a different slope in each of the sections.
- the voltage on the consumer side always remains within a specified band despite increasing load.
- the voltage is between 360V and 440V.
- the straight line 50 in the first section 50.1 of the voltage setpoint Usoll has a different slope in this section of the control, which, however, differs from the slope in the area of FPF differs.
- This slope too can be determined based on the network parameters before commissioning. To do this, however, the parameters for the transmission line and the generators must be known. However, these parameters are often not available or can change over time.
- the method according to the invention makes it possible to dynamically adapt the slope of the straight line of the voltage setpoint Usoll. This should be symbolized by the double arrow 50.3.
- the network parameters do not have to be specified here.
- the first step is to determine the power flow. Specifically, it is determined whether there is a reverse power flow or a forward power flow. For this purpose, the direction of the current I20 or the sign of the active current and the voltage U20 are determined and it is derived from this whether a reverse power flow or a forward power flow is present.
- the current 120 and the voltage U20 measured at point A of a network are recorded via the measuring device 15 and determined in the device 20.
- the power L20 is determined as the product of the measured voltage U20 and I20. The power can be apparent power or real power.
- Current I20 derived active power is negative (has a negative sign), that is, the active current in point A flows from the generator into the network via the transformer 200.
- a forward power flow occurs when the active power derived from the voltage and current is positive, i.e. the active current flows at point A from the network to the consumer via the transformer 200.
- the on-load tap changer 10 is switched to the original tap position n.
- a value m is determined from the measured powers in the tap position approached and the current tap position.
- the value m is always formed as a quotient of the power of the higher step position and the lower step position.
- Higher and lower tap position here means that the numerical value of the higher tap position of the on-load tap changer is higher than the numerical value of the lower tap position.
- the value m is the quotient of the power L21 of the higher tap position n+1 and the power L20 of the current tap position n or, when downshifting or moving to a lower tap position or tap switch position, the quotient of the power L20 of the current tap position n and the power L19 of the lower tap position n-1.
- the determined value m is used as the slope for the straight line 50 of the voltage setpoint Usoll in the first section 50.1 of the RPF.
- This new straight line section forms the voltage setpoint Usoll and is used to control the on-load tap changer 10.
- This voltage setpoint Usoll is determined using the device 20 for voltage regulation and in particular a control device 21.
- the device 20 thus not only serves to regulate the voltage of the step transformer 200 but is also able to adapt the voltage setpoint Usoll. This adjustment can be carried out as often as required, especially when weather conditions change. For example, when clouds over large PV systems pull; switched on or off with changing feed-in power, ie reverse power flow with a high gradient, or network configurations.
- a further exemplary process sequence for adapting a voltage setpoint Usoll for voltage regulation of a tap transformer 200 by means of an on-load tap changer 10 is described below.
- the first step is to determine the power flow. Specifically, it is determined whether there is a reverse power flow or a forward power flow. For this purpose, the direction of the current (active current) I20 and the voltage U20 are determined and it is derived from this whether there is a reverse power flow or a forward power flow.
- the current 120 and the voltage U20 measured at point A of a network are recorded via the measuring device 15 and determined in the device 20.
- a reverse power flow occurs when the active power derived from the voltage U20 and the current I20 is negative (or has a negative sign), that is, the current at point A flows from the generator into the network via the transformer 200.
- a forward power flow occurs when the power derived from the voltage and current is positive, i.e. the current flows at point A from the network to the consumer via the transformer 200.
- the on-load tap changer 10 is in the tap transformer
- the 200 is actuated in such a way that it is moved from the current output stage position n to a next higher stage position n+1.
- the first current 121 and a first voltage U21 are determined, and the resulting power L21.
- the power can be apparent power or real power.
- the on-load tap changer 10 in the tap transformer 200 is actuated in such a way that it is moved down from the current output tap position n+1 to a lower tap position n-1.
- the second current 119 and a second voltage U19 are determined, and the resulting power L19.
- the power can be apparent power or real power.
- the on-load tap changer 10 is switched to the original tap position n.
- a value m is determined from the measured power L21 in the tap positions n+1 approached and the measured power L19 in the second tap positions n-1 approached.
- the value m is always formed as a quotient of the power of the higher step position and the lower step position.
- Higher and lower tap position here means that the numerical value of the higher tap position of the on-load tap changer is higher than the numerical value of the lower tap position.
- the value m is the quotient of the power L21 of the higher tap position n+1 and the power L19 of the tap position n-1.
- the determined value m is used as the slope for the straight line 50 of the voltage setpoint Usoll in the first section 50.1 of the RPF.
- This new straight line forms the voltage setpoint Usoll.
- This voltage setpoint U-should is determined by means of the device 20 for voltage regulation and in particular a control device 21.
- the device 20 is therefore not only used to regulate the voltage of the step transformer 200 but is also able to adapt, change and save the voltage setpoint Usoll. This adjustment can be carried out as often as required.
- the device 20 with the control device 21 has means or is designed and set up to carry out the methods described above.
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- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Power Engineering (AREA)
- Supply And Distribution Of Alternating Current (AREA)
- Control Of Electrical Variables (AREA)
Abstract
Description
Claims
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| DE102022110668.3A DE102022110668A1 (de) | 2022-05-02 | 2022-05-02 | Verfahren zur anpassung eines spannungssollwerts für die regelung eines stufentransformators und vorrichtung zur anpassung eines spannungssollwerts für die regelung eines stufentransformators |
| PCT/EP2023/060055 WO2023213535A1 (de) | 2022-05-02 | 2023-04-19 | Verfahren zur anpassung eines spannungssollwerts für die regelung eines stufentransformators und vorrichtung zur anpassung eines spannungssollwerts für die regelung eines stufentransformators |
Publications (1)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| EP4497185A1 true EP4497185A1 (de) | 2025-01-29 |
Family
ID=86330295
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| EP23722264.1A Pending EP4497185A1 (de) | 2022-05-02 | 2023-04-19 | Verfahren zur anpassung eines spannungssollwerts für die regelung eines stufentransformators und vorrichtung zur anpassung eines spannungssollwerts für die regelung eines stufentransformators |
Country Status (9)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| US (1) | US20250350220A1 (de) |
| EP (1) | EP4497185A1 (de) |
| JP (1) | JP2025515031A (de) |
| KR (1) | KR20250006271A (de) |
| CN (1) | CN119137830A (de) |
| AU (1) | AU2023263666A1 (de) |
| DE (1) | DE102022110668A1 (de) |
| MX (1) | MX2024013577A (de) |
| WO (1) | WO2023213535A1 (de) |
Family Cites Families (5)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| DE10119664A1 (de) * | 2001-04-20 | 2002-11-14 | Reinhausen Maschf Scheubeck | Anordnung zur automatischen Spannungsregelung und Motorantrieb zur automatischen Spannungsregelung |
| DE102012202273A1 (de) | 2012-02-15 | 2013-08-22 | Siemens Aktiengesellschaft | Transformatoranordnung für die Ortsnetz-Spannungsversorgung |
| EP2869422A1 (de) | 2013-11-04 | 2015-05-06 | ABB Technology AG | Verfahren und System zur Überwachung einer Gitterspannung in einem Niedrigspannungsnetz |
| DE202015101806U1 (de) | 2015-04-14 | 2015-04-27 | Maschinenfabrik Reinhausen Gmbh | Erneuerbare-Energie-Anlage und Erneuerbare-Energie-Park |
| US10048709B2 (en) * | 2016-09-19 | 2018-08-14 | General Electric Company | System and method for regulation of voltage on an electric power system |
-
2022
- 2022-05-02 DE DE102022110668.3A patent/DE102022110668A1/de active Pending
-
2023
- 2023-04-19 JP JP2024564669A patent/JP2025515031A/ja active Pending
- 2023-04-19 CN CN202380037883.0A patent/CN119137830A/zh active Pending
- 2023-04-19 US US18/862,174 patent/US20250350220A1/en active Pending
- 2023-04-19 WO PCT/EP2023/060055 patent/WO2023213535A1/de not_active Ceased
- 2023-04-19 AU AU2023263666A patent/AU2023263666A1/en active Pending
- 2023-04-19 KR KR1020247039824A patent/KR20250006271A/ko active Pending
- 2023-04-19 EP EP23722264.1A patent/EP4497185A1/de active Pending
-
2024
- 2024-11-01 MX MX2024013577A patent/MX2024013577A/es unknown
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| WO2023213535A1 (de) | 2023-11-09 |
| KR20250006271A (ko) | 2025-01-10 |
| JP2025515031A (ja) | 2025-05-13 |
| AU2023263666A1 (en) | 2024-12-05 |
| MX2024013577A (es) | 2024-12-06 |
| US20250350220A1 (en) | 2025-11-13 |
| CN119137830A (zh) | 2024-12-13 |
| DE102022110668A1 (de) | 2023-11-02 |
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