EP4495480A1 - Verfahren zur behandlung von rauchgasen aus der verbrennung von brennstoffen und verbrennungsanlage - Google Patents

Verfahren zur behandlung von rauchgasen aus der verbrennung von brennstoffen und verbrennungsanlage Download PDF

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Publication number
EP4495480A1
EP4495480A1 EP24165228.8A EP24165228A EP4495480A1 EP 4495480 A1 EP4495480 A1 EP 4495480A1 EP 24165228 A EP24165228 A EP 24165228A EP 4495480 A1 EP4495480 A1 EP 4495480A1
Authority
EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
combustion
gas
flue
operating
treatment unit
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Withdrawn
Application number
EP24165228.8A
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English (en)
French (fr)
Inventor
Kai Kehrmann
Eckhard Lehmann
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Doosan Lentjes GmbH
Original Assignee
Doosan Lentjes GmbH
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Doosan Lentjes GmbH filed Critical Doosan Lentjes GmbH
Priority to EP24165228.8A priority Critical patent/EP4495480A1/de
Publication of EP4495480A1 publication Critical patent/EP4495480A1/de
Withdrawn legal-status Critical Current

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Classifications

    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
    • F23L—SUPPLYING AIR OR NON-COMBUSTIBLE LIQUIDS OR GASES TO COMBUSTION APPARATUS IN GENERAL ; VALVES OR DAMPERS SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR CONTROLLING AIR SUPPLY OR DRAUGHT IN COMBUSTION APPARATUS; INDUCING DRAUGHT IN COMBUSTION APPARATUS; TOPS FOR CHIMNEYS OR VENTILATING SHAFTS; TERMINALS FOR FLUES
    • F23L7/00—Supplying non-combustible liquids or gases, other than air, to the fire, e.g. oxygen, steam
    • F23L7/007—Supplying oxygen or oxygen-enriched air
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
    • F23C—METHODS OR APPARATUS FOR COMBUSTION USING FLUID FUEL OR SOLID FUEL SUSPENDED IN  A CARRIER GAS OR AIR 
    • F23C9/00—Combustion apparatus characterised by arrangements for returning combustion products or flue gases to the combustion chamber
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
    • F23J—REMOVAL OR TREATMENT OF COMBUSTION PRODUCTS OR COMBUSTION RESIDUES; FLUES 
    • F23J15/00—Arrangements of devices for treating smoke or fumes
    • F23J15/02—Arrangements of devices for treating smoke or fumes of purifiers, e.g. for removing noxious material
    • F23J15/022—Arrangements of devices for treating smoke or fumes of purifiers, e.g. for removing noxious material for removing solid particulate material from the gasflow
    • F23J15/025—Arrangements of devices for treating smoke or fumes of purifiers, e.g. for removing noxious material for removing solid particulate material from the gasflow using filters
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
    • F23C—METHODS OR APPARATUS FOR COMBUSTION USING FLUID FUEL OR SOLID FUEL SUSPENDED IN  A CARRIER GAS OR AIR 
    • F23C2202/00—Fluegas recirculation
    • F23C2202/30—Premixing fluegas with combustion air
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
    • F23J—REMOVAL OR TREATMENT OF COMBUSTION PRODUCTS OR COMBUSTION RESIDUES; FLUES 
    • F23J2215/00—Preventing emissions
    • F23J2215/20—Sulfur; Compounds thereof
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
    • F23J—REMOVAL OR TREATMENT OF COMBUSTION PRODUCTS OR COMBUSTION RESIDUES; FLUES 
    • F23J2215/00—Preventing emissions
    • F23J2215/30—Halogen; Compounds thereof
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
    • F23J—REMOVAL OR TREATMENT OF COMBUSTION PRODUCTS OR COMBUSTION RESIDUES; FLUES 
    • F23J2215/00—Preventing emissions
    • F23J2215/50—Carbon dioxide
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
    • F23L—SUPPLYING AIR OR NON-COMBUSTIBLE LIQUIDS OR GASES TO COMBUSTION APPARATUS IN GENERAL ; VALVES OR DAMPERS SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR CONTROLLING AIR SUPPLY OR DRAUGHT IN COMBUSTION APPARATUS; INDUCING DRAUGHT IN COMBUSTION APPARATUS; TOPS FOR CHIMNEYS OR VENTILATING SHAFTS; TERMINALS FOR FLUES
    • F23L2900/00—Special arrangements for supplying or treating air or oxidant for combustion; Injecting inert gas, water or steam into the combustion chamber
    • F23L2900/07001—Injecting synthetic air, i.e. a combustion supporting mixture made of pure oxygen and an inert gas, e.g. nitrogen or recycled fumes

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to a method for treating flue gases from the combustion of fuels and to an incineration plant.
  • the fuel is in particular solid fuel.
  • the invention in particular refers to the combustion of substitute fuels such as waste, biomass or sewage sludge.
  • the incineration plant comprises a combustion apparatus with a combustion chamber, in which the fuel is combusted.
  • the combustion chamber may be embodied as fluidizing bed combustor, to which a primary combustion gas is provided in order to fluidize the preferably solid fuel.
  • the fluidized bed combustor may be operated as stationary, bubbling or circulating fluidized bed. A secondary or even tertiary combustion gas may be provided to the fluidized bed.
  • a combustion grate is arranged within the combustion chamber to transport the solid fuel from a fuel inlet to an ash outlet through the combustion chamber.
  • the combustion grate may be embodied as reciprocating grate, as vibrating grate or as roller grate.
  • a primary combustion gas is usually provided from below the combustion grate so that the fuel on top of the combustion grate is combusted with the primary combustion gas.
  • a secondary combustion gas may be provided for example by nozzles to the combustion chamber above the combustion grate.
  • a tertiary combustion gas may be provided to the flue gases within the combustion chamber or to an pass downstream of the combustion chamber.
  • the (primary, secondary and/or tertiary) combustion gas comprises oxygen and is used to supply oxygen for the combustion process.
  • At least one pass may be arranged downstream of the combustion chamber extending vertically or horizontally as part of the combustion apparatus, wherein the flue gases flow from the combustion chamber through the at least one pass to heat a heat recovery steam generator.
  • two, three or more passes may be embodied.
  • the walls of the combustion chamber and/or the pass(es) are usually equipped with heat exchangers (i.e. tubes), wherein the heat exchange medium of the heat exchangers is in particular provided to one common boiler drum.
  • heat exchanger bundles for feed water preheating and evaporation as well as steam superheating may be embodied as part of the heat recovery steam generator.
  • the pass(es) and the heat exchanger(s) and the heat recovery steam generator, which are also referred to as boiler, are considered part of the combustion apparatus.
  • a particle separator may be arranged downstream of the combustion chamber, in order to separate solid material from the flue gases, which is in particular necessary, when a fluidized bed is produced in the combustion chamber.
  • the flue gases from the combustion in the combustion chamber may be provided to at least one flue gas treatment unit downstream of the combustion apparatus. Accordingly, a flue gas outlet of the combustion apparatus is connected to an flue gas inlet of the flue gas treatment unit, wherein multiple flue gas treatment units may be arranged behind each others, so that the flue gases from the combustion chamber pass through the multiple flue gas treatment units.
  • One flue gas treatment unit may be embodied as dedusting unit, with which dust can be removed from the flue gases.
  • a cleaning unit for removing acid gases may be embodied, with which for example SO 2 , HCl and/or HF can be removed from the flue gases.
  • a further treatment unit may be embodied for denitrification (such as SCR or SNCR) of the flue gases.
  • a chimney/stack may be arranged downstream of the flue gas treatment unit(s).
  • a carbon capture device may be arranged downstream of the flue gas treatment unit(s) and upstream of the chimney/stack. With such a carbon capture device, carbon dioxide can be removed from the flue gases and stored or used in a generally known manner.
  • Such a carbon capture device can be operated more efficiently the higher the carbon dioxide concentration of the flue gases introduced in the carbon capture device.
  • the nitrogen concentration of the combustion gas provided to the combustion chamber can be lowered, so that the carbon dioxide concentration of the resulting flue gas is less diluted.
  • the nitrogen concentration of the combustion gas can be lowered, if (pure) oxygen is provided to ambient air used as combustion gas or if pure oxygen is mixed to an alternative gas source containing less nitrogen than ambient air.
  • the incineration plant may comprise an oxygen source, which is connected to a combustion gas inlet of the combustion chamber, so that a combustion gas having a higher oxygen concentration than ambient air is provided to the combustion chamber and/or oxygen is mixed into another source of gas containing less nitrogen than ambient air.
  • a source for (pure) oxygen may be embodied by a respective storage vessel for pure oxygen, by an electrolysis unit or by an air separation unit.
  • the incineration plant may comprise a recirculation line for withdrawing treated flue gases from downstream of a flue gas treatment unit(s), wherein the recirculation line is at least indirectly connected to a combustion gas inlet of the combustion chamber.
  • This method is also known as exhaust gas recirculation.
  • Combusting the fuel with a combustion gas with a high oxygen concentration (and a minimal nitrogen concentration) is known as oxyfuel combustion process.
  • the combustion gas provided to the combustion chamber is mainly composed of oxygen and carbon dioxide
  • the carbon dioxide concentration of the flue gases is comparatively high at the outlet of the combustion chamber, so that principally the carbon capture device should be able to be run efficiently.
  • the carbon dioxide (CO 2 ) concentration of the flue gases may decrease from the combustion chamber towards the inlet of the carbon capture device downstream of the flue gas treatment unit(s).
  • the object is in particular solved by a method for the combustion of fuels, in particular of solid fuels and preferably substitute fuels such as waste, biomass or sludge, comprising the following steps:
  • an incineration plant having a combustion apparatus, wherein the combustion apparatus comprises at least one combustion gas inlet for a combustion gas, the incineration plant further having one flue gas treatment unit or multiple flue gas treatment units downstream of the combustion apparatus, wherein the combustion apparatus and/or at least one flue gas treatment unit comprises at least one operating gas inlet for an operating gas, wherein at least one operating gas inlet is connected to a source of carbon dioxide (CO 2 ).
  • CO 2 carbon dioxide
  • the present invention is directed to such components of the combustion apparatus, which receive an operating gas eventually in addition to a combustion gas.
  • the present invention is also directed to such flue gas treatment units in an incineration plant, which receive in addition to the flue gases from the combustion process an operating gas.
  • Such an operating gas can function as a medium to support the treatment function of the flue gas treatment unit, as a medium to cool, clean and/or maintain the respective component of the combustion apparatus or of the flue gas treatment unit or as sealing gas, or the like.
  • the operating gas may be used within the combustion apparatus as cooling gas for auxiliary burners, as sealing and cooling gas in boiler cleaning systems (such as water spraying system, rapping device, soot blower) and as transporting medium for additive injection.
  • Components of a combustion apparatus which are operated by an operating gas eventually in addition to the combustions gases or additives are principally known.
  • the known components of a combustion apparatus are operated with ambient air as operating gas, so that the composition of the flue gases is altered, thereby eventually lowering the carbon dioxide concentration of the flue gases.
  • the operating gas may be used within a flue gas treatment unit as sealing gas to seal the flue gases within the flue gas treatment unit against for example the surrounding, as transporting medium for transporting additives needed to operate the flue gas treatment unit, as fluidizing gas for operating a fluidizing gutter and/or as cleaning gas for cleaning a filter of the flue gas treatment unit.
  • Flue gas treatment units which are operated by an operating gas in addition to the flue gases are principally known.
  • the known flue gas treatment units are operated with ambient air, whereby ambient air is mixed to the to be treated flue gases, so that the composition of the flue gases is altered, thereby eventually lowering the carbon dioxide concentration of the flue gases within the flue gas treatment unit.
  • the flue gas treatment unit(s) of an incineration plant and/or the component(s) of the combustion apparatus is/are operated with an operating gas which comprises at least 10 Vol-%, preferably at least 20 Vol-%, preferably at least 50 Vol-% and most preferably at least 80 Vol-% carbon dioxide (CO 2 ).
  • an operating gas which comprises at least 10 Vol-%, preferably at least 20 Vol-%, preferably at least 50 Vol-% and most preferably at least 80 Vol-% carbon dioxide (CO 2 ).
  • the operating gas source may be any source of gas, which gas has at least 10 Vol-% of carbon dioxide.
  • the operating gas consists of the (treated) flue gases or comprises the (treated) flue gases as source for the carbon dioxide.
  • a recirculation line for withdrawing treated flue gases from downstream of one of the flue gas treatment unit(s) is connected to at least one operating gas inlet of the at least one treatment unit and/or to at least one operating gas inlet of the at least one component of the combustion apparatus, so that flue gases are withdrawn from downstream of one of the flue gas treatment unit(s) and provided at least as part of the operating gas to the operating gas inlet(s).
  • the operating gas provided to the operating gas inlet(s) consists completely of flue gases.
  • the recirculation line may be connected directly downstream to the flue gas treatment unit to which operating gas inlet the recirculation line is connected to.
  • the recirculation line may be connected downstream of another, in particular of the last flue gas treatment unit, wherein at least a part of the treated flue gases are recirculated to the component(s) of the combustion apparatus, to one flue gas treatment unit or to all flue gas treatment units.
  • the recirculated (treated) flue gases may therefore be provided to the component(s) of the combustion apparatus, to one or to all of the flue gas treatment unit(s), which are using an operating gas for operation.
  • the recirculation line may also be connected to the carbon capture device, so that the carbon dioxide removed from the flue gases by the carbon capture device may be recirculated to the component(s) of the combustion apparatus and/or to the flue gas treatment unit(s).
  • the incineration plant comprises an air separation unit, with which oxygen is provided at least as part of the combustion gas to the combustion chamber.
  • the incineration plant comprises an air separation unit, with which oxygen is provided at least as part of the combustion gas to the combustion chamber.
  • flue gases from downstream of the carbon capture device are completely or partially provided to the inlet of the air separation device. This way, the emission from the incineration plant can be further reduced and the efficiency of the air separation unit is increased due to the comparatively high (in comparison to the oxygen content of ambient air) oxygen content of the flue gas treated in the carbon capture device.
  • the incineration plant comprises a combustion chamber 2 and a boiler 18 as elements of a combustion apparatus, wherein the combustion chamber 2 has a combustion grate 16 at its bottom, with which a substitute fuel 1 can be transported through the combustion chamber 2.
  • the boiler 18 comprises multiple passes.
  • Combustion gas can be provided by combustion gas blower 10 as primary combustion gas through a combustion gas inlet 19 to the bottom of the combustion chamber 2 and as secondary/tertiary combustion air above the combustion chamber 2, so that the substitute fuel on top of the grate 16 is combusted with the combustion gas.
  • the combustion gas may be preheated by combustion gas preheater 9.
  • the flue gases from the combustion chamber 2 are guided through, the boiler 18, a heat exchanger 5, a separator 4 for acid gases as a first flue gas treatment unit and a dedusting unit 3 as a second flue gas treatment unit.
  • a blower 6 is required to overcome the pressure loss of the system and to transport the flue gases through a carbon capture device 7, in which carbon dioxide is separated from the flue gases, wherein the remaining flue gases are guided towards a stack 12.
  • the incineration plant comprises a recirculation line 14, with which flue gases are withdrawn downstream from the dedusting unit 3 and upstream of carbon capture device 7, wherein at least part of the withdrawn flue gases are provided to operating gas inlets 13 of the dedusting unit 3, to operating gas inlets 13 of the separator for acid gases 4 and to operating gas inlets 13 of the combustion apparatus.
  • the remaining withdrawn flue gases are provided towards the combustion gas providing line, so that the withdrawn flue gases are provided as part of the combustion gas to the combustion apparatus.
  • a recirculation blower 8 may be arranged within the recirculation line 14.
  • flue gases downstream of the carbon capture device 7 can be provided to an air separation unit 11. This way, the amount of flue gases provided leaving the incineration plant through stack 12 is further reduced.
  • the air separation unit 11 provides oxygen enriched gas through a further recirculation line 15 comprising blower 17 to the combustion gas line, so that the combustion gas provided to the combustion chamber 2 has a comparatively high oxygen content. If no ambient air is provided to the combustion chamber 2, the combustion gas may be composed primarily of the recirculated flue gases comprising mainly carbon dioxide, water vapour, oxygen from the air separation unit 11 or from another oxygen source.
  • the combustion conditions within the combustion chamber 2 approach the combustion conditions of a so-called oxyfuel combustion process occurs. Therefore, the combustion gases leaving the combustion chamber 2 have a comparatively high CO 2 concentration.
  • flue gases withdrawn from downstream of the dedusting unit 3 and the separator 4 are used as operating gas of the dedusting unit 3 and the separator 4 an as operating gas of the combustion apparatus, the dilution of the carbon dioxide concentration of the flue gases within the combustion apparatus and the dedusting unit 3 and the separator 4 is avoided or reduced.
  • the operating gas may be used within the flue gas treatment units 3, 4, for example as sealing gas to seal the flue gases within the flue gas treatment unit against the surrounding, as transporting medium for transporting additives needed to operate the flue gas treatment unit, as fluidizing gas for operating a fluidizing gutter and/or as cleaning gas for cleaning a filter of the flue gas treatment unit 3, 4.
  • the operating gas may be used within the combustion apparatus, for example as cooling gas for auxiliary burners, as sealing and cooling gas in boiler cleaning systems (such as water spraying system, rapping device, soot blower) and as transporting medium for additive injection.
  • cooling gas for auxiliary burners
  • sealing and cooling gas in boiler cleaning systems (such as water spraying system, rapping device, soot blower) and as transporting medium for additive injection.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)
  • Chimneys And Flues (AREA)
EP24165228.8A 2024-03-21 2024-03-21 Verfahren zur behandlung von rauchgasen aus der verbrennung von brennstoffen und verbrennungsanlage Withdrawn EP4495480A1 (de)

Priority Applications (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
EP24165228.8A EP4495480A1 (de) 2024-03-21 2024-03-21 Verfahren zur behandlung von rauchgasen aus der verbrennung von brennstoffen und verbrennungsanlage

Applications Claiming Priority (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
EP24165228.8A EP4495480A1 (de) 2024-03-21 2024-03-21 Verfahren zur behandlung von rauchgasen aus der verbrennung von brennstoffen und verbrennungsanlage

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EP4495480A1 true EP4495480A1 (de) 2025-01-22

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EP24165228.8A Withdrawn EP4495480A1 (de) 2024-03-21 2024-03-21 Verfahren zur behandlung von rauchgasen aus der verbrennung von brennstoffen und verbrennungsanlage

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Citations (3)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
WO2012035777A1 (ja) * 2010-09-16 2012-03-22 バブコック日立株式会社 燃焼プラント
US8490556B2 (en) * 2008-03-06 2013-07-23 Ihi Corporation Method and facility for feeding carbon dioxide to oxyfuel combustion boiler
US20170261206A1 (en) * 2014-09-12 2017-09-14 Mitsubishi Heavy Industries Environmental & Chemical Engineering Co., Ltd. Stoker-type incinerator

Patent Citations (3)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US8490556B2 (en) * 2008-03-06 2013-07-23 Ihi Corporation Method and facility for feeding carbon dioxide to oxyfuel combustion boiler
WO2012035777A1 (ja) * 2010-09-16 2012-03-22 バブコック日立株式会社 燃焼プラント
US20170261206A1 (en) * 2014-09-12 2017-09-14 Mitsubishi Heavy Industries Environmental & Chemical Engineering Co., Ltd. Stoker-type incinerator

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