EP4493871B1 - Verfahren und vorrichtung zur kühlung von wasserstoff - Google Patents

Verfahren und vorrichtung zur kühlung von wasserstoff

Info

Publication number
EP4493871B1
EP4493871B1 EP23701519.3A EP23701519A EP4493871B1 EP 4493871 B1 EP4493871 B1 EP 4493871B1 EP 23701519 A EP23701519 A EP 23701519A EP 4493871 B1 EP4493871 B1 EP 4493871B1
Authority
EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
heat exchanger
intermediate fluid
cooled
flow
temperature
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Active
Application number
EP23701519.3A
Other languages
English (en)
French (fr)
Other versions
EP4493871A1 (de
Inventor
Baptiste PAGES
Vanessa TURMEL
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Air Liquide SA
LAir Liquide SA pour lEtude et lExploitation des Procedes Georges Claude
Original Assignee
Air Liquide SA
LAir Liquide SA pour lEtude et lExploitation des Procedes Georges Claude
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Air Liquide SA, LAir Liquide SA pour lEtude et lExploitation des Procedes Georges Claude filed Critical Air Liquide SA
Publication of EP4493871A1 publication Critical patent/EP4493871A1/de
Application granted granted Critical
Publication of EP4493871B1 publication Critical patent/EP4493871B1/de
Active legal-status Critical Current
Anticipated expiration legal-status Critical

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Classifications

    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
    • F25J—LIQUEFACTION, SOLIDIFICATION OR SEPARATION OF GASES OR GASEOUS OR LIQUEFIED GASEOUS MIXTURES BY PRESSURE AND COLD TREATMENT OR BY BRINGING THEM INTO THE SUPERCRITICAL STATE
    • F25J1/00—Processes or apparatus for liquefying or solidifying gases or gaseous mixtures
    • F25J1/0002—Processes or apparatus for liquefying or solidifying gases or gaseous mixtures characterised by the fluid to be liquefied
    • F25J1/0005—Light or noble gases
    • F25J1/001—Hydrogen
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
    • F25J—LIQUEFACTION, SOLIDIFICATION OR SEPARATION OF GASES OR GASEOUS OR LIQUEFIED GASEOUS MIXTURES BY PRESSURE AND COLD TREATMENT OR BY BRINGING THEM INTO THE SUPERCRITICAL STATE
    • F25J1/00—Processes or apparatus for liquefying or solidifying gases or gaseous mixtures
    • F25J1/0002—Processes or apparatus for liquefying or solidifying gases or gaseous mixtures characterised by the fluid to be liquefied
    • F25J1/0027—Oxides of carbon, e.g. CO2
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
    • F25J—LIQUEFACTION, SOLIDIFICATION OR SEPARATION OF GASES OR GASEOUS OR LIQUEFIED GASEOUS MIXTURES BY PRESSURE AND COLD TREATMENT OR BY BRINGING THEM INTO THE SUPERCRITICAL STATE
    • F25J1/00—Processes or apparatus for liquefying or solidifying gases or gaseous mixtures
    • F25J1/003—Processes or apparatus for liquefying or solidifying gases or gaseous mixtures characterised by the kind of cold generation within the liquefaction unit for compensating heat leaks and liquid production
    • F25J1/0047—Processes or apparatus for liquefying or solidifying gases or gaseous mixtures characterised by the kind of cold generation within the liquefaction unit for compensating heat leaks and liquid production using an "external" refrigerant stream in a closed vapor compression cycle
    • F25J1/005—Processes or apparatus for liquefying or solidifying gases or gaseous mixtures characterised by the kind of cold generation within the liquefaction unit for compensating heat leaks and liquid production using an "external" refrigerant stream in a closed vapor compression cycle by expansion of a gaseous refrigerant stream with extraction of work
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
    • F25J—LIQUEFACTION, SOLIDIFICATION OR SEPARATION OF GASES OR GASEOUS OR LIQUEFIED GASEOUS MIXTURES BY PRESSURE AND COLD TREATMENT OR BY BRINGING THEM INTO THE SUPERCRITICAL STATE
    • F25J1/00—Processes or apparatus for liquefying or solidifying gases or gaseous mixtures
    • F25J1/003—Processes or apparatus for liquefying or solidifying gases or gaseous mixtures characterised by the kind of cold generation within the liquefaction unit for compensating heat leaks and liquid production
    • F25J1/0047—Processes or apparatus for liquefying or solidifying gases or gaseous mixtures characterised by the kind of cold generation within the liquefaction unit for compensating heat leaks and liquid production using an "external" refrigerant stream in a closed vapor compression cycle
    • F25J1/0052—Processes or apparatus for liquefying or solidifying gases or gaseous mixtures characterised by the kind of cold generation within the liquefaction unit for compensating heat leaks and liquid production using an "external" refrigerant stream in a closed vapor compression cycle by vaporising a liquid refrigerant stream
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
    • F25J—LIQUEFACTION, SOLIDIFICATION OR SEPARATION OF GASES OR GASEOUS OR LIQUEFIED GASEOUS MIXTURES BY PRESSURE AND COLD TREATMENT OR BY BRINGING THEM INTO THE SUPERCRITICAL STATE
    • F25J1/00—Processes or apparatus for liquefying or solidifying gases or gaseous mixtures
    • F25J1/006—Processes or apparatus for liquefying or solidifying gases or gaseous mixtures characterised by the refrigerant fluid used
    • F25J1/0062—Light or noble gases, mixtures thereof
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
    • F25J—LIQUEFACTION, SOLIDIFICATION OR SEPARATION OF GASES OR GASEOUS OR LIQUEFIED GASEOUS MIXTURES BY PRESSURE AND COLD TREATMENT OR BY BRINGING THEM INTO THE SUPERCRITICAL STATE
    • F25J1/00—Processes or apparatus for liquefying or solidifying gases or gaseous mixtures
    • F25J1/006—Processes or apparatus for liquefying or solidifying gases or gaseous mixtures characterised by the refrigerant fluid used
    • F25J1/0062—Light or noble gases, mixtures thereof
    • F25J1/0065—Helium
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
    • F25J—LIQUEFACTION, SOLIDIFICATION OR SEPARATION OF GASES OR GASEOUS OR LIQUEFIED GASEOUS MIXTURES BY PRESSURE AND COLD TREATMENT OR BY BRINGING THEM INTO THE SUPERCRITICAL STATE
    • F25J1/00—Processes or apparatus for liquefying or solidifying gases or gaseous mixtures
    • F25J1/006—Processes or apparatus for liquefying or solidifying gases or gaseous mixtures characterised by the refrigerant fluid used
    • F25J1/0062—Light or noble gases, mixtures thereof
    • F25J1/0067—Hydrogen
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
    • F25J—LIQUEFACTION, SOLIDIFICATION OR SEPARATION OF GASES OR GASEOUS OR LIQUEFIED GASEOUS MIXTURES BY PRESSURE AND COLD TREATMENT OR BY BRINGING THEM INTO THE SUPERCRITICAL STATE
    • F25J1/00—Processes or apparatus for liquefying or solidifying gases or gaseous mixtures
    • F25J1/006—Processes or apparatus for liquefying or solidifying gases or gaseous mixtures characterised by the refrigerant fluid used
    • F25J1/007—Primary atmospheric gases, mixtures thereof
    • F25J1/0072—Nitrogen
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
    • F25J—LIQUEFACTION, SOLIDIFICATION OR SEPARATION OF GASES OR GASEOUS OR LIQUEFIED GASEOUS MIXTURES BY PRESSURE AND COLD TREATMENT OR BY BRINGING THEM INTO THE SUPERCRITICAL STATE
    • F25J1/00—Processes or apparatus for liquefying or solidifying gases or gaseous mixtures
    • F25J1/006—Processes or apparatus for liquefying or solidifying gases or gaseous mixtures characterised by the refrigerant fluid used
    • F25J1/008—Hydrocarbons
    • F25J1/0082—Methane
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
    • F25J—LIQUEFACTION, SOLIDIFICATION OR SEPARATION OF GASES OR GASEOUS OR LIQUEFIED GASEOUS MIXTURES BY PRESSURE AND COLD TREATMENT OR BY BRINGING THEM INTO THE SUPERCRITICAL STATE
    • F25J1/00—Processes or apparatus for liquefying or solidifying gases or gaseous mixtures
    • F25J1/02—Processes or apparatus for liquefying or solidifying gases or gaseous mixtures requiring the use of refrigeration, e.g. of helium or hydrogen ; Details and kind of the refrigeration system used; Integration with other units or processes; Controlling aspects of the process
    • F25J1/0203—Processes or apparatus for liquefying or solidifying gases or gaseous mixtures requiring the use of refrigeration, e.g. of helium or hydrogen ; Details and kind of the refrigeration system used; Integration with other units or processes; Controlling aspects of the process using a single-component refrigerant [SCR] fluid in a closed vapor compression cycle
    • F25J1/0204—Processes or apparatus for liquefying or solidifying gases or gaseous mixtures requiring the use of refrigeration, e.g. of helium or hydrogen ; Details and kind of the refrigeration system used; Integration with other units or processes; Controlling aspects of the process using a single-component refrigerant [SCR] fluid in a closed vapor compression cycle as a single flow SCR cycle
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
    • F25J—LIQUEFACTION, SOLIDIFICATION OR SEPARATION OF GASES OR GASEOUS OR LIQUEFIED GASEOUS MIXTURES BY PRESSURE AND COLD TREATMENT OR BY BRINGING THEM INTO THE SUPERCRITICAL STATE
    • F25J1/00—Processes or apparatus for liquefying or solidifying gases or gaseous mixtures
    • F25J1/02—Processes or apparatus for liquefying or solidifying gases or gaseous mixtures requiring the use of refrigeration, e.g. of helium or hydrogen ; Details and kind of the refrigeration system used; Integration with other units or processes; Controlling aspects of the process
    • F25J1/0203—Processes or apparatus for liquefying or solidifying gases or gaseous mixtures requiring the use of refrigeration, e.g. of helium or hydrogen ; Details and kind of the refrigeration system used; Integration with other units or processes; Controlling aspects of the process using a single-component refrigerant [SCR] fluid in a closed vapor compression cycle
    • F25J1/0205—Processes or apparatus for liquefying or solidifying gases or gaseous mixtures requiring the use of refrigeration, e.g. of helium or hydrogen ; Details and kind of the refrigeration system used; Integration with other units or processes; Controlling aspects of the process using a single-component refrigerant [SCR] fluid in a closed vapor compression cycle as a dual level SCR refrigeration cascade
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
    • F25J—LIQUEFACTION, SOLIDIFICATION OR SEPARATION OF GASES OR GASEOUS OR LIQUEFIED GASEOUS MIXTURES BY PRESSURE AND COLD TREATMENT OR BY BRINGING THEM INTO THE SUPERCRITICAL STATE
    • F25J1/00—Processes or apparatus for liquefying or solidifying gases or gaseous mixtures
    • F25J1/02—Processes or apparatus for liquefying or solidifying gases or gaseous mixtures requiring the use of refrigeration, e.g. of helium or hydrogen ; Details and kind of the refrigeration system used; Integration with other units or processes; Controlling aspects of the process
    • F25J1/0221—Processes or apparatus for liquefying or solidifying gases or gaseous mixtures requiring the use of refrigeration, e.g. of helium or hydrogen ; Details and kind of the refrigeration system used; Integration with other units or processes; Controlling aspects of the process using the cold stored in an external cryogenic component in an open refrigeration loop
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
    • F25J—LIQUEFACTION, SOLIDIFICATION OR SEPARATION OF GASES OR GASEOUS OR LIQUEFIED GASEOUS MIXTURES BY PRESSURE AND COLD TREATMENT OR BY BRINGING THEM INTO THE SUPERCRITICAL STATE
    • F25J1/00—Processes or apparatus for liquefying or solidifying gases or gaseous mixtures
    • F25J1/02—Processes or apparatus for liquefying or solidifying gases or gaseous mixtures requiring the use of refrigeration, e.g. of helium or hydrogen ; Details and kind of the refrigeration system used; Integration with other units or processes; Controlling aspects of the process
    • F25J1/0228—Coupling of the liquefaction unit to other units or processes, so-called integrated processes
    • F25J1/0229—Integration with a unit for using hydrocarbons, e.g. consuming hydrocarbons as feed stock
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
    • F25J—LIQUEFACTION, SOLIDIFICATION OR SEPARATION OF GASES OR GASEOUS OR LIQUEFIED GASEOUS MIXTURES BY PRESSURE AND COLD TREATMENT OR BY BRINGING THEM INTO THE SUPERCRITICAL STATE
    • F25J1/00—Processes or apparatus for liquefying or solidifying gases or gaseous mixtures
    • F25J1/02—Processes or apparatus for liquefying or solidifying gases or gaseous mixtures requiring the use of refrigeration, e.g. of helium or hydrogen ; Details and kind of the refrigeration system used; Integration with other units or processes; Controlling aspects of the process
    • F25J1/0228—Coupling of the liquefaction unit to other units or processes, so-called integrated processes
    • F25J1/0235—Heat exchange integration
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
    • F25J—LIQUEFACTION, SOLIDIFICATION OR SEPARATION OF GASES OR GASEOUS OR LIQUEFIED GASEOUS MIXTURES BY PRESSURE AND COLD TREATMENT OR BY BRINGING THEM INTO THE SUPERCRITICAL STATE
    • F25J1/00—Processes or apparatus for liquefying or solidifying gases or gaseous mixtures
    • F25J1/02—Processes or apparatus for liquefying or solidifying gases or gaseous mixtures requiring the use of refrigeration, e.g. of helium or hydrogen ; Details and kind of the refrigeration system used; Integration with other units or processes; Controlling aspects of the process
    • F25J1/0228—Coupling of the liquefaction unit to other units or processes, so-called integrated processes
    • F25J1/0235—Heat exchange integration
    • F25J1/0236—Heat exchange integration providing refrigeration for different processes treating not the same feed stream
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
    • F25J—LIQUEFACTION, SOLIDIFICATION OR SEPARATION OF GASES OR GASEOUS OR LIQUEFIED GASEOUS MIXTURES BY PRESSURE AND COLD TREATMENT OR BY BRINGING THEM INTO THE SUPERCRITICAL STATE
    • F25J1/00—Processes or apparatus for liquefying or solidifying gases or gaseous mixtures
    • F25J1/02—Processes or apparatus for liquefying or solidifying gases or gaseous mixtures requiring the use of refrigeration, e.g. of helium or hydrogen ; Details and kind of the refrigeration system used; Integration with other units or processes; Controlling aspects of the process
    • F25J1/0243—Start-up or control of the process; Details of the apparatus used; Details of the refrigerant compression system used
    • F25J1/0244—Operation; Control and regulation; Instrumentation
    • F25J1/0245—Different modes, i.e. 'runs', of operation; Process control
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
    • F25J—LIQUEFACTION, SOLIDIFICATION OR SEPARATION OF GASES OR GASEOUS OR LIQUEFIED GASEOUS MIXTURES BY PRESSURE AND COLD TREATMENT OR BY BRINGING THEM INTO THE SUPERCRITICAL STATE
    • F25J1/00—Processes or apparatus for liquefying or solidifying gases or gaseous mixtures
    • F25J1/02—Processes or apparatus for liquefying or solidifying gases or gaseous mixtures requiring the use of refrigeration, e.g. of helium or hydrogen ; Details and kind of the refrigeration system used; Integration with other units or processes; Controlling aspects of the process
    • F25J1/0243—Start-up or control of the process; Details of the apparatus used; Details of the refrigerant compression system used
    • F25J1/0257—Construction and layout of liquefaction equipments, e.g. valves, machines
    • F25J1/0262—Details of the cold heat exchange system
    • F25J1/0264—Arrangement of heat exchanger cores in parallel with different functions, e.g. different cooling streams
    • F25J1/0265—Arrangement of heat exchanger cores in parallel with different functions, e.g. different cooling streams comprising cores associated exclusively with the cooling of a refrigerant stream, e.g. for auto-refrigeration or economizer
    • F25J1/0268—Arrangement of heat exchanger cores in parallel with different functions, e.g. different cooling streams comprising cores associated exclusively with the cooling of a refrigerant stream, e.g. for auto-refrigeration or economizer using a dedicated refrigeration means
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
    • F25J—LIQUEFACTION, SOLIDIFICATION OR SEPARATION OF GASES OR GASEOUS OR LIQUEFIED GASEOUS MIXTURES BY PRESSURE AND COLD TREATMENT OR BY BRINGING THEM INTO THE SUPERCRITICAL STATE
    • F25J1/00—Processes or apparatus for liquefying or solidifying gases or gaseous mixtures
    • F25J1/02—Processes or apparatus for liquefying or solidifying gases or gaseous mixtures requiring the use of refrigeration, e.g. of helium or hydrogen ; Details and kind of the refrigeration system used; Integration with other units or processes; Controlling aspects of the process
    • F25J1/0243—Start-up or control of the process; Details of the apparatus used; Details of the refrigerant compression system used
    • F25J1/0279—Compression of refrigerant or internal recycle fluid, e.g. kind of compressor, accumulator, suction drum etc.
    • F25J1/0285—Combination of different types of drivers mechanically coupled to the same refrigerant compressor, possibly split on multiple compressor casings
    • F25J1/0288—Combination of different types of drivers mechanically coupled to the same refrigerant compressor, possibly split on multiple compressor casings using work extraction by mechanical coupling of compression and expansion of the refrigerant, so-called companders
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
    • F25J—LIQUEFACTION, SOLIDIFICATION OR SEPARATION OF GASES OR GASEOUS OR LIQUEFIED GASEOUS MIXTURES BY PRESSURE AND COLD TREATMENT OR BY BRINGING THEM INTO THE SUPERCRITICAL STATE
    • F25J1/00—Processes or apparatus for liquefying or solidifying gases or gaseous mixtures
    • F25J1/02—Processes or apparatus for liquefying or solidifying gases or gaseous mixtures requiring the use of refrigeration, e.g. of helium or hydrogen ; Details and kind of the refrigeration system used; Integration with other units or processes; Controlling aspects of the process
    • F25J1/0243—Start-up or control of the process; Details of the apparatus used; Details of the refrigerant compression system used
    • F25J1/0279—Compression of refrigerant or internal recycle fluid, e.g. kind of compressor, accumulator, suction drum etc.
    • F25J1/0292—Refrigerant compression by cold or cryogenic suction of the refrigerant gas
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
    • F25J—LIQUEFACTION, SOLIDIFICATION OR SEPARATION OF GASES OR GASEOUS OR LIQUEFIED GASEOUS MIXTURES BY PRESSURE AND COLD TREATMENT OR BY BRINGING THEM INTO THE SUPERCRITICAL STATE
    • F25J2210/00—Processes characterised by the type or other details of the feed stream
    • F25J2210/62—Liquefied natural gas [LNG]; Natural gas liquids [NGL]; Liquefied petroleum gas [LPG]
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
    • F25J—LIQUEFACTION, SOLIDIFICATION OR SEPARATION OF GASES OR GASEOUS OR LIQUEFIED GASEOUS MIXTURES BY PRESSURE AND COLD TREATMENT OR BY BRINGING THEM INTO THE SUPERCRITICAL STATE
    • F25J2270/00—Refrigeration techniques used
    • F25J2270/90—External refrigeration, e.g. conventional closed-loop mechanical refrigeration unit using Freon or NH3, unspecified external refrigeration
    • F25J2270/904—External refrigeration, e.g. conventional closed-loop mechanical refrigeration unit using Freon or NH3, unspecified external refrigeration by liquid or gaseous cryogen in an open loop

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to a method and apparatus for cooling hydrogen.
  • the present invention proposes a solution for the first stage of pre-cooling hydrogen using the cooling power of a flow of liquefied natural gas that vaporizes.
  • the process uses a cycle to transfer the heat of vaporization from the liquefied natural gas to the hydrogen which cools, this cycle including a compressor with an inlet temperature preferably below -90°C and possibly an expansion turbine.
  • a hydrogen cooling process is provided. according to claim 1.
  • a hydrogen cooling device is provided. according to claim 13.
  • the apparatus may include a phase separator to separate a fluid from the turbine, the gas flow being the overhead gas and/or the vaporized liquid from the separator.
  • a hydrogen liquefaction apparatus comprising a hydrogen cooling apparatus as described above, as well as means for liquefying the hydrogen cooled in the cooling apparatus.
  • the cold from an LNG terminal located far from the H2 liquefaction unit can be utilized. via an intermediate fluid (to avoid importing/exporting natural gas from the LNG terminal).
  • the LNG vaporization takes place in a single exchanger and the intermediate fluid distributes the cold to the various consumers.
  • a dedicated heat exchanger E1 is used to recover the cooling capacity of liquefied natural gas 1 at -150°C using an intermediate fluid that is cooled by liquid 1 in the exchanger E1.
  • the exchanger E1 can be a brazed plate and fin heat exchanger made of stainless steel or steel.
  • the exchanger E1 can be a shell and tube heat exchanger.
  • Liquid 1 is heated, for example to 15°C and possibly vaporized to cool fluid 5 to a temperature below -50°C, preferably below -120°C. In the example, it is cooled to -140°C.
  • Gas 1 enters the cold end of the exchanger E1 and exits the hot end as fluid 3.
  • fluid 5 is nitrogen. It could, for example, be natural gas or methane.
  • fluid 5 is inert. Fluid 5 is preferably at a pressure between 3 and 70 bar abs if the intermediate fluid is not nitrogen, and between 3 and 25 bar if the intermediate fluid is nitrogen.
  • Nitrogen 13 exits heat exchanger E2 at a temperature below -90°C, for example -120°C, or even between -150°C and -110°C, and is compressed in a compressor C, for example a centrifugal compressor, to approximately 20 bar.
  • the nitrogen at 20 bar is then optionally divided into two parts 15 and 17, part 17 not necessarily being present.
  • Part 17 can be partially cooled in heat exchanger E1 and then sent to a cooling element 31.
  • the heated part 19 is sent to the hot end of heat exchanger E1.
  • the portion 15, 21 is sent at 20°C to the hot end of the heat exchanger E1 and cools there to -140°C, forming a gas 5 which is sent to the heat exchanger E2 at a temperature of -140°C, therefore colder than the temperature at which the gas 13 is drawn from the heat exchanger E2.
  • the gas 5 heats up in the heat exchanger E2 to 20°C and is then cooled against the LNG in the heat exchanger E1.
  • the gas cooled to -140°C is sent to cool, in this example first by passing through the heat exchanger E2 and then by expansion in a turbine T having an inlet temperature below -100°C, for example -120°C.
  • the expanded fluid (7 to 1.5 bar) in turbine T is two-phase and is sent to a phase separator where it forms a liquid (9) and a gas (11).
  • the liquid is vaporized in a heat exchanger (E3) and rejoins the gas (11) to be heated. in the exchanger E2 constituting the flow 13 to be sent to the cold compressor C.
  • the flow 13 can consist of the vaporized liquid 9 and/or the gas 11.
  • nitrogen or another fluid for example helium or a mixed refrigerant, circulates in a closed cycle, taking cooling from the LNG.
  • the hydrogen-25 is then cooled and liquefied in another heat exchanger using a known method.
  • a cycle of hydrogen, helium, or mixed refrigerants, possibly including noble gases, provides the necessary cooling capacity.
  • LNG provides at least a portion of the cooling required for pre-cooling gaseous hydrogen to -190°C.
  • This fraction can be at least 50%, 75%, or 99% of the cooling required for cooling gaseous hydrogen to -190°C.
  • LNG can even provide all the necessary cooling except for that supplied by the T turbine.
  • the LNG can be vaporized in a separate vaporizer, for example, an "open rack vaporizer," by exchanging heat with water, possibly seawater.
  • This vaporizer consists of a series of vertical tubes through which the LNG circulates and vaporizes, with water flowing over the outside of the tubes.
  • Other types of heat exchangers can obviously be considered.
  • the process can also provide cooling to another element 31, cooled by the cycle.
  • a portion 17 of the gas compressed in compressor C is cooled in the heat exchanger to an intermediate temperature, here -50°C, drawn from the exchanger into a central zone of the heat exchanger, and used to cool element 31 while being itself heated to form gas 19.
  • This gas then rejoins the compressed flow 15 in compressor C to form flow 21, which enters exchanger E1 at 20°C. Since the pressure losses for flow 18 and 19 are limited, a small expansion of flow 15 through a valve will suffice to allow flow 15 and 19 to mix.
  • Element 31 can for example be a liquefier of another gas or a separation apparatus by distillation and/or partial condensation at a temperature below 0°C, for example a carbon dioxide liquefier.
  • a heater for example an electric heater or a heat exchanger heated by hot water, will be used to heat fraction 17 to form flow 19.
  • [ Fig. 2 ] shows a variant of the [ Fig.1 where gas 5 is not cooled in the exchanger E2 but only in the turbine E.
  • gas 5 enters the turbine E at the temperature at which it exits the heat exchanger E1.
  • the gas 13 is compressed in the cold compressor 1 and then in a booster C1 coupled to the turbine E. It is the gas compressed in the booster C1 that is sent to the exchanger E1 to recover the cold from the LNG 1.
  • the natural gas produced can be sent to a hydrocarbon conversion unit for further processing and/or use as fuel.
  • the unit can be of the POX, ATR, or SMR type.
  • the hydrogen to be liquefied can obviously come from this unit.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
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  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Thermal Sciences (AREA)
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  • Separation By Low-Temperature Treatments (AREA)

Claims (15)

  1. Verfahren zum Kühlen von Wasserstoff, bei dem
    i) entweder verflüssigtes Erdgas (1) oder verdampftes Erdgas, wobei sich das verdampfte Erdgas auf einer Temperatur unter -50 °C befindet, durch indirekten Wärmeaustausch in einem ersten Wärmetauscher (E1) mit einem Strom eines Zwischenmediums (5) bei einem Druck zwischen 3 und 70 bar abs, der auf eine Temperatur von gleich oder größer als -145 °C abgekühlt wird, wiedererwärmt wird,
    ii) der Strom des Zwischenmediums bei einer Temperatur von gleich oder größer als -145 °C gekühlt wird
    a) indem er bei dieser Temperatur in einen zweiten Wärmetauscher (E2) eingeführt wird, wo er durch indirekten Wärmeaustausch gekühlt wird, und/oder
    b) durch Entspannung in einer Turbine (E), die gegebenenfalls einen Kompressor des Verfahrens (C, C1) antreibt, oder einem Ventil,
    iii) ein Strom von gasförmigem Wasserstoff (23) im zweiten Wärmetauscher ohne Kondensation gekühlt wird,
    iv) ein gasförmiger Strom (11, 13), der von dem in Schritt a) und/oder b) gekühlten Zwischenmedium abgeleitet wird, im zweiten Wärmetauscher (E2) auf eine Temperatur zwischen -150 °C und -90 °C wiedererwärmt wird, bei dieser Temperatur aus dem zweiten Wärmetauscher entnommen und in einem Kompressor (C) mit einer Eintrittstemperatur zwischen -150 °C und -90 °C verdichtet wird und mindestens ein Teil (15, 17) des verdichteten Zwischenmediums zuerst im ersten Wärmetauscher gekühlt wird und sich dann von einer Temperatur von höchstens -110 °C wiedererwärmt und
    v) mindestens ein Teil (15) des wiedererwärmten Zwischenmediums den Strom des Zwischenmediums aus Schritt i) bildet, wobei der mindestens eine Teil (15, 17) des verdichteten Zwischenmediums, der zuerst im ersten Wärmetauscher gekühlt wurde, sich dann von der Temperatur von höchstens -110 °C wiedererwärmt, um den Strom des Zwischenmediums aus Schritt i) zu bilden, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass das verflüssigte Erdgas oder gegebenenfalls das verdampfte Gas auf eine Temperatur über 0 °C durch indirekten Wärmeaustausch im ersten Wärmetauscher (E1) mit dem Strom des Zwischenmediums (5) bei einem Druck zwischen 3 und 70 bar abs, wenn das Zwischenmedium nicht Stickstoff ist, und zwischen 3 und 25 bar, wenn das Zwischenmedium Stickstoff ist, wiedererwärmt wird, und dadurch, dass das im ersten Wärmetauscher verdichtete und gekühlte Zwischenmedium im zweiten Wärmetauscher wiedererwärmt wird.
  2. Verfahren nach Anspruch 1, bei dem der maximale Temperaturunterschied zwischen den Gegenstromfluiden im ersten Wärmetauscher (E1) weniger als 25 °C, vorzugsweise weniger als 20 °C, oder sogar weniger als 15 °C beträgt.
  3. Verfahren nach einem der vorhergehenden Ansprüche, bei dem das Zwischenmedium (5) mehr als 50 Mol-% Stickstoff, vorzugsweise mindestens 90 Mol-% Stickstoff, oder sogar mindestens 99 Mol-% Stickstoff enthält.
  4. Verfahren nach einem der vorhergehenden Ansprüche, bei dem das verflüssigte Erdgas (1) im ersten Wärmetauscher (E1) verdampft.
  5. Verfahren nach einem der vorhergehenden Ansprüche, bei dem der im zweiten Wärmetauscher (E2) gekühlte gasförmige Wasserstoffstrom in einem anderen Wärmetauscher nach Abkühlung auf seine Verflüssigungstemperatur kondensiert.
  6. Verfahren nach einem der vorhergehenden Ansprüche, bei dem verdampftes verflüssigtes Erdgas oder im ersten Wärmetauscher (E1) wiedererwärmtes Erdgas in eine Umwandlungseinheit geleitet wird, um in Wasserstoff umgewandelt zu werden.
  7. Verfahren nach einem der vorhergehenden Ansprüche, bei dem zum Anfahren das verflüssigte Erdgas (1) in einem Wärmetauscher durch Wärmeaustausch mit Wasser, zum Beispiel Meerwasser, verdampft wird.
  8. Verfahren nach einem der vorhergehenden Ansprüche, bei dem ein Teil des verdichteten Zwischenmediums (17) zuerst im ersten Wärmetauscher auf eine Zwischentemperatur des ersten Wärmetauschers, zum Beispiel zwischen -40 °C und -90 °C, vorzugsweise zwischen 45 °C und -70 °C, gekühlt wird und zum Kühlen eines Hilfswärmetauschers (31) geleitet wird und dann nach dem Wiedererwärmen im Hilfswärmetauscher zum Kühlen im ersten Wärmetauscher geleitet wird.
  9. Verfahren nach Anspruch 8, bei dem der Hilfswärmetauscher (31) dazu dient, einen Gasstrom zu kühlen, der Kohlendioxid und mindestens eine weitere Komponente in einer Vorrichtung zur Trennung und/oder Verflüssigung von Kohlendioxid enthält.
  10. Verfahren nach Anspruch 8 oder 9, bei dem der Teil des verdichteten Zwischenmediums (18) mit Heizmitteln wiedererwärmt wird, die parallel zum Hilfswärmetauscher (31) geschaltet sind.
  11. Verfahren nach einem der vorhergehenden Ansprüche, bei dem ein Teil der durch verflüssigtes Erdgas (1) oder verdampftes Erdgas erzeugten Kälte dazu verwendet wird, das Kühlwasser eines Kompressors des Verfahrens zu kühlen und/oder den gasförmigen Wasserstoffstrom (23) vor einem Trocknungsschritt und/oder dem zweiten Wärmetauscher zu kühlen.
  12. Verfahren zur Verflüssigung von Wasserstoff, bei dem der Wasserstoffstrom (23) zuerst nach einem Verfahren nach einem der vorhergehenden Ansprüche gekühlt und dann durch Wärmeaustausch mit einem Kältekreislauf verflüssigt wird.
  13. Vorrichtung zum Kühlen von Wasserstoff, umfassend einen ersten Wärmetauscher (E1), einen zweiten Wärmetauscher (E2), einen Kompressor (C), gegebenenfalls eine Turbine (E) oder ein Ventil, Mittel zum Zuführen von entweder verflüssigtem Erdgas (1) oder verdampftem Erdgas, wobei sich das verdampfte Erdgas auf einer Temperatur unter -50 °C befindet, um auf eine Temperatur über 0 °C durch indirekten Wärmeaustausch im ersten Wärmetauscher (E1) mit einem Strom eines Zwischenmediums (5) wiedererwärmt zu werden, Mittel zum Zuführen des Stroms des Zwischenmediums (5) bei einem Druck zwischen 3 und 70 bar abs, wenn das Zwischenmedium nicht Stickstoff ist, und zwischen 3 und 25 bar, wenn das Zwischenmedium Stickstoff ist, um im ersten Wärmetauscher auf eine Temperatur von gleich oder größer als - 145 °C gekühlt zu werden, Mittel zum Zuführen des Stroms des Zwischenmediums bei einer Temperatur von gleich oder größer als -145 °C, um gekühlt zu werden
    a) indem er bei dieser Temperatur in den zweiten Wärmetauscher (E2) eingeführt wird, wo er durch indirekten Wärmeaustausch gekühlt wird, und/oder
    b) durch Entspannung, je nach Fall, in der Turbine (E), die optional zum Antreiben eines Kompressors der Vorrichtung (C, C1) konfiguriert ist, oder dem Ventil,
    Mittel zum Zuführen eines Stroms von gasförmigem Wasserstoff (23), um im zweiten Wärmetauscher ohne Kondensation gekühlt zu werden, Mittel zum Zuführen eines gasförmigen Stroms (11, 13), der vom in Schritt a) und/oder b) gekühlten Zwischenmedium abgeleitet wird, um im zweiten Wärmetauscher (E2) auf eine Temperatur zwischen -150 °C und -90 °C wiedererwärmt zu werden, Mittel zum Entnehmen des gasförmigen Stroms aus dem zweiten Wärmetauscher bei dieser Temperatur, Mittel zum Zuführen des entnommenen gasförmigen Stroms zum Kompressor (C) mit einer Eintrittstemperatur zwischen -150 °C und -90 °C, um verdichtet zu werden, Mittel zum Zuführen von mindestens einem Teil (15, 17) des verdichteten Zwischenmediums, um zuerst im ersten Wärmetauscher gekühlt zu werden, Mittel zum Zuführen des mindestens einen Teils des im ersten Wärmetauscher gekühlten Zwischenmediums, um von einer Temperatur von höchstens -110 °C wiedererwärmt zu werden, und zum Zuführen des mindestens einen Teils (15) des wiedererwärmten Zwischenmediums zum ersten Wärmetauscher (E1), der den zu kühlenden Zwischenmediumstrom bildet, wobei die Mittel zum Zuführen des mindestens einen Teils (15, 17) des wiederzuerwärmenden Zwischenmediums so verbunden sind, dass der mindestens eine Teil im zweiten Wärmetauscher von der Temperatur von höchstens -110 °C wiedererwärmt wird, um den im ersten Wärmetauscher zu kühlenden Zwischenmediumstrom zu bilden.
  14. Vorrichtung nach Anspruch 13, umfassend die Turbine (E) zum Kühlen durch Entspannung des Zwischenmediumstroms und einen Phasentrenner (S) zum Trennen eines aus der Turbine (E) kommenden Fluids (7), wobei der gasförmige Strom (13) das Kopf-Gas (11) und/oder die verdampfte Flüssigkeit des Trenners ist.
  15. Vorrichtung zur Verflüssigung von Wasserstoff, umfassend eine Vorrichtung zum Kühlen von Wasserstoff nach Anspruch 13 oder 14 sowie Mittel zum Verflüssigen des gekühlten Wasserstoffs in der Kühlvorrichtung,
EP23701519.3A 2022-03-18 2023-01-24 Verfahren und vorrichtung zur kühlung von wasserstoff Active EP4493871B1 (de)

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