EP4490527A1 - Verfahren zum bestimmen mindestens eines geschätzten betriebsparameters einer batterie - Google Patents
Verfahren zum bestimmen mindestens eines geschätzten betriebsparameters einer batterieInfo
- Publication number
- EP4490527A1 EP4490527A1 EP23704301.3A EP23704301A EP4490527A1 EP 4490527 A1 EP4490527 A1 EP 4490527A1 EP 23704301 A EP23704301 A EP 23704301A EP 4490527 A1 EP4490527 A1 EP 4490527A1
- Authority
- EP
- European Patent Office
- Prior art keywords
- battery
- model
- operating parameter
- cell
- taylor series
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Withdrawn
Links
Classifications
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01R—MEASURING ELECTRIC VARIABLES; MEASURING MAGNETIC VARIABLES
- G01R31/00—Arrangements for testing electric properties; Arrangements for locating electric faults; Arrangements for electrical testing characterised by what is being tested not provided for elsewhere
- G01R31/36—Arrangements for testing, measuring or monitoring the electrical condition of accumulators or electric batteries, e.g. capacity or state of charge [SoC]
- G01R31/367—Software therefor, e.g. for battery testing using modelling or look-up tables
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01R—MEASURING ELECTRIC VARIABLES; MEASURING MAGNETIC VARIABLES
- G01R31/00—Arrangements for testing electric properties; Arrangements for locating electric faults; Arrangements for electrical testing characterised by what is being tested not provided for elsewhere
- G01R31/36—Arrangements for testing, measuring or monitoring the electrical condition of accumulators or electric batteries, e.g. capacity or state of charge [SoC]
- G01R31/385—Arrangements for measuring battery or accumulator variables
- G01R31/387—Determining ampere-hour charge capacity or SoC
Definitions
- the present invention relates to a computer-implemented method for determining at least one estimated operating parameter of a battery.
- the invention relates to a data processing device, a battery management system, a battery, a computer program and a computer-readable medium for carrying out the method.
- the current maximum performance of the battery and/or its permissible operating range should be known at all times.
- the dynamic behavior of the battery can be represented in a multi-dimensional state space, which can be parameterized by different state variables such as temperature, state of charge and/or current intensity.
- the mathematical modeling of the battery can, for example, be based on an equivalent circuit diagram of the battery, which can include one or more RC elements.
- the model parameters of such a model can be defined in relation to different operating points of the battery, such as certain charge states and/or temperatures. Time constants and certain resistances in the vicinity of an operating point are usually assumed to be constant. This assumption enables sufficiently accurate predictions for relatively short prediction periods and/or relatively low current amplitudes. However, it is important, especially with a sporty driving style, to be precise Predictions regarding the performance of the battery even for longer periods
- Prediction periods and/or higher current amplitudes can be made.
- the object of the invention to improve the estimation of operating parameters of a battery.
- the object of the invention can be seen as providing a method that improves the estimation with longer prediction periods and/or higher current amplitudes in terms of accuracy and/or computational efficiency.
- a first aspect of the invention relates to a computer-implemented method for determining at least one estimated operating parameter of a battery.
- the method includes at least the following steps: receiving at least one measured operating parameter of the battery; and determining the at least one estimated operating parameter from the at least one measured operating parameter using a mathematical battery model that is based on an equivalent circuit diagram of the battery comprising at least one RC element, the battery model establishing a relationship between a battery voltage applied to the battery and a voltage through the battery flowing battery current is defined as a function of model parameters, which include at least one time constant and/or at least one electrical resistance with respect to the equivalent circuit diagram, wherein the battery model is an nth power of a Taylor series expansion of the at least one time constant and/or the at least one electrical resistance by one Operating point of the battery is taken into account, where n > 0.
- the relevant model parameter in the vicinity of the operating point as the development center can be approximated by an approximation polynomial of the nth degree with n > 0.
- the model parameter can be linearized in the vicinity of the operating point, for example (instead of being assumed to be approximately constant, as was previously the case). This allows very accurate estimates even at high Battery currents and/or long prediction periods, for example of 10 s or longer, in particular of 20 s or longer.
- the method can be carried out automatically by a processor.
- the battery may include one or more galvanic battery cells, which may be connected in series and/or parallel with one another to form the battery.
- the battery model can be time-variant, i.e. i.e., the model parameters can be continuously updated as the battery is operating, for example to take aging effects into account.
- the dynamic behavior of the battery usually changes as the battery ages.
- a suitable parameter estimator can be provided for adjusting the model parameters, for example an extended Kalman filter.
- a time-invariant battery model would also be conceivable.
- the electrical resistance can be, for example, an ohmic resistance, also called an (equivalent) series resistance, or a resistance of the RC element.
- the time constant can be equal to a product of the resistance and the capacitance of the RC element.
- the measured operating parameter(s) may have been determined by a sensor system, which may, for example, be part of the battery and/or a battery management system for monitoring and/or controlling the battery.
- the sensor system can, for example, include one or more current, voltage and/or temperature sensors.
- Examples of possible measured and/or estimated operating parameters include an electrical battery voltage present at the battery terminals (with or without load), an electrical battery current flowing through the battery, or a temperature of the battery.
- Further examples of possible estimated operating parameters are a charging state SOC (state of charge), an aging state SOH (state of health), a performance state SOP (state of power), an upper or lower voltage limit, an upper or lower temperature limit, an upper or lower Current limit, a charging power, a discharging power, an available energy or a removable energy of the battery.
- the state of charge SOC can be understood as a filling level of the battery in percent, whereby a state of charge of 100% can correspond to a fully charged battery.
- the state of charge can be determined, for example, by integrating the (measured) battery current.
- the aging state SOH may be a parameter that quantifies the ability of the battery to provide a requested performance compared to the battery when new.
- the performance state SOP can be a parameter that quantifies the ability of the battery to provide a currently requested power in the current state, i.e. its performance capability.
- the performance state SOP can depend on the state of charge SOC, the aging state SOH and the temperature of the battery.
- the operating point can be defined, for example, by the state of charge and/or the temperature of the battery and/or by a time course of at least one of these two variables.
- the model parameters can, for example, have been determined for each operating point from a set of predetermined operating points or can be determined continuously, for example for charging states from 0% to 100%, which follow one another with a certain step size (e.g. 1%, 5% or 10%) can.
- a certain step size e.g. 1%, 5% or 10%
- model parameters are an open circuit voltage of the battery, the capacity of the RC element and/or the battery or a voltage drop above the capacity of the RC element.
- the battery model can also be based on two or more than two RC elements, which can be connected in series with each other, for example. Although this may affect the accuracy improve, but on the other hand significantly increase resource consumption. If the aging of the battery is not taken into account, the approach presented here can also be advantageously applied to such an equivalent circuit model with several RC elements. This means that an improvement in the range of validity and/or the accuracy of the prediction can be achieved compared to a comparable conventional equivalent circuit model.
- the model parameters can also include several time constants and/or several electrical resistances, the nth powers of the Taylor series development around the operating point as the development center (with n > 0) in the same or similar way as with just one RC element. Link can be taken into account by the battery model.
- a battery management system and the software on it are typically required to estimate a balance and current state of the battery and to provide performance prediction for different time periods, e.g. B. “short”, “medium” and “long”.
- the performance prediction is required to release a driver's request, for example when the driver presses the accelerator pedal. At very low charge levels, it should be ensured that the battery voltage does not fall below a certain voltage limit when the predicted power is released.
- a battery model based on an equivalent circuit diagram can be implemented in the software of the battery management system, which can include one or more RC elements.
- the accuracy of the battery model should be as good for medium and long prediction times as for short prediction times, especially at large discharge currents. This can be the case, for example, when driving sportily.
- the approach described here now enables very precise performance prediction even for medium and long prediction times.
- the approach presented here can be transferred to higher battery or equivalent circuit models and/or used to improve a Kalman filter or other parameter estimator.
- An equivalent circuit with a single RC element can be described by a system of two first-order differential equations.
- a parameter estimator for (continuously) estimating the model parameters can therefore have a significantly lower complexity than standard 2-RC models.
- the hardware requirements of such a simplified parameter estimator are roughly comparable to those of a standard 1-RC model.
- the time horizon for performance prediction is also larger, i.e. i.e., with the same accuracy, the available power of the battery can be predicted for longer.
- a second aspect of the invention relates to a data processing device with a processor configured to carry out the method described above and below.
- the data processing device can include hardware and/or software modules.
- the data processing device may include a memory and data communication interfaces for data communication with peripheral devices.
- the data processing device can be, for example, a controller of a battery management system, a control unit of a vehicle, a PC, server, laptop or mobile device in the form of a smartphone or tablet.
- “Vehicle” can be understood as meaning a vehicle equipped with an electric drive, for example a car, truck, bus, motorcycle or autonomously moving robot.
- a third aspect of the invention relates to a battery management system that includes a sensor system for determining at least one measured operating parameter of a battery and a data processing device, as described above and below.
- the sensor system can be arranged, for example, in and/or on a housing of the battery.
- a fourth aspect of the invention relates to a battery, in particular a lithium-ion battery, for example a battery for supplying an electric drive of an electric vehicle with electrical energy.
- the battery includes the data processing device described above and below or the battery management system described above and below.
- FIG. 1 Further aspects of the invention relate to a computer program and a computer-readable medium on which the computer program is stored.
- the computer program includes instructions that cause a processor to carry out the method described above and below when the computer program is executed by the processor.
- the computer-readable medium may be a volatile or non-volatile data storage device.
- the computer-readable medium may be a hard drive, a USB storage device, RAM, ROM, EPROM, or flash memory.
- the computer-readable medium can also be a data communication network that enables a download of program code, such as the Internet or a data cloud.
- the at least one measured operating parameter is received in several consecutive magazines. This can be understood to mean that at least one measured value for the same measured operating parameter or at least one measured value for different measured operating parameters is received in each magazine.
- the at least one estimated operating parameter in a current magazine can be determined from the measured values of different time steps, for example from the measured value or the measured values of the current time step and the time step immediately preceding the current magazine.
- the at least one estimated operating parameter in the current magazine can be determined for at least one future magazine following the current magazine.
- the at least one estimated operating parameter can be determined, for example, using a Kalman filter, in particular an extended Kalman filter, and/or a particle filter. What was said above with regard to the determination of the estimated operating parameter or parameters can also apply in a corresponding manner to a (continuous) estimation of the model parameters.
- n 1.
- the battery model can take into account a linearization of the at least one time constant and/or the at least one electrical resistance when determining the at least one estimated operating parameter.
- the battery model may be defined by the following equation: where U Cell is the battery voltage, I Cell is the battery current, ⁇ is the time constant, SOC is a state of charge of the battery, T is a temperature of the battery and ⁇ , ⁇ , ⁇ are coefficients (independent variable is time t).
- I Cell can be constant.
- t ⁇ was also clearly visible in measurements for long pulse durations and high current amplitudes.
- At least one of the coefficients ⁇ , ⁇ , ⁇ can be defined as the operating point depending on the nth power of the Taylor series expansion of the at least one electrical resistance around the state of charge SOC(t 0 ).
- each coefficient ⁇ , ⁇ , ⁇ can be defined by a different coefficient equation.
- the state of charge SOC(t 0 ) can be a reference state of charge, for example an initial state of charge of the battery, at a reference time t 0 , for example an initial time.
- the coefficients may have been determined experimentally and/or optimized by comparison with suitable measurements. It is possible that the coefficients are continuously updated while the battery is operating, ie online.
- the coefficients can, for example, be stored in the form of lookup tables for different operating points. Alternatively, the coefficients can be calculated using mathematical functions (the coefficient equations).
- the coefficient ⁇ can be defined as the electrical resistance as a function of the nth power of the Taylor series expansion of a resistance of the RC element.
- the coefficient ⁇ can be defined as the electrical resistance as a function of the nth power of the Taylor series expansion of an ohmic resistance.
- the coefficient ⁇ can be defined as a function of the nth powers of the Taylor series expansions of various electrical resistances, for example as a function of a first nth power for the ohmic resistance and a second nth power for the resistance of the RC limb.
- At least one of the coefficients ⁇ , ⁇ , ⁇ can additionally depend on the battery current, i.e. H. by its amount and/or direction.
- each of the coefficients ⁇ , ⁇ , ⁇ can be defined depending on the battery current. Contrary to the conventional assumptions, according to which the model parameters are at least initially assumed to be independent of the battery current, the accuracy of the method can be significantly improved in this way, especially at higher battery currents.
- At least one of the coefficients ⁇ , ⁇ , ⁇ can additionally be defined as a function of the time constant.
- the coefficient A can also be defined depending on the time constant.
- the no-load voltage can, for example, have been determined as an no-load voltage curve depending on the state of charge SOC.
- the coefficients ⁇ and ⁇ can additionally be defined as a function of the nth power of the Taylor series expansion of the no-load voltage.
- Fig. 1 shows a battery according to an embodiment of the present invention.
- FIG. 2 shows an equivalent circuit diagram for use in a method according to an embodiment of the present invention.
- FIG 3 shows an estimated voltage curve, which was determined in a method according to an embodiment of the present invention, in comparison to a measured voltage curve at a first operating point.
- FIG. 4 shows an estimated voltage curve, which was determined in a method according to an embodiment of the present invention, in comparison to a measured voltage curve at a second operating point.
- the battery 1 shows a battery 1, for example a lithium-ion battery, for supplying an electric drive of an electric vehicle with electrical energy.
- the battery 1 includes a plurality of galvanic battery cells 2, which can be connected in series and/or parallel with one another.
- the battery 1 includes a battery management system 3 with a sensor system 4 for determining at least one measured operating parameter 5 of the battery 1 and a data processing device 6.
- the sensor system 4 can, for example, include one or more voltage, current and/or temperature sensors which are connected to and / or can be placed in a housing of the battery 1.
- the data processing device 6, for example a microcontroller, comprises a processor 7, which is configured to determine at least one estimated operating parameter 9 from the measured operating parameter or parameters 5 by executing a computer program stored in a memory 8 using a method described in more detail below.
- the estimated operating parameter or parameters 9 are determined using a mathematical battery model 10, which is based on an equivalent circuit diagram 11 of the battery 1 (see FIG. 2) and includes several model parameters 12.
- the battery model 10 can be an equivalent circuit model with only one RC element 13 consisting of a resistor R 1 and a capacitance C 1 , which makes the method particularly computationally efficient.
- FIG. 2 shows a battery current I Cell flowing through the battery 1, a battery voltage U Cell applied to the battery 1, and an open-circuit voltage U OCV .
- a current I C1 through the capacitance C 1 and a current I R1 through the resistor R 1 are shown.
- the battery current I Cell and a temperature T of the battery 1 can be received as measured operating parameters 5 in the data processing device 6, whereby the battery voltage U Cell can be determined by the data processing device 6 as the estimated operating parameter 9.
- the estimated operating parameter 9 are a charge state SOC, an aging state SOH, a power state SOP, an upper or lower voltage limit, an upper or lower temperature limit, an upper or lower current limit, a charging power, a discharging power, an available energy or a removable one Battery energy 1.
- the battery model 10 can take into account (for example in addition to a zeroth) a first power of a Taylor series development of the time constant ⁇ and/or at least one of the resistors R 0 , R 1 around an operating point of the battery 1 as a development center .
- the operating point can be defined by the state of charge SOC and/or the temperature T.
- the values of R and C depend on the temperature T and the state of charge SOC.
- the battery model 10 is described in more detail below.
- R and C can be determined via parameter identification.
- the parameterization can be done using a fit function that is determined by a special analytical Solution of the differential equations is determined, for example for pulse discharges and a rest period after a constant charge and / or discharge.
- the fit function can also be used for other tasks, for example
- the open-circuit voltage U OCV is already well determined as a function U OCV (SOC, T) regardless of the current direction.
- Point 3 means mathematically that, for example, the Taylor series of R 1 with the development point (SOC, T), here at a constant temperature T, is terminated after the first term:
- the additional determination of the parameter ⁇ does not represent an additional hurdle for the least squares method.
- t ⁇ can also be used with an extended Kalman filter. The fit function found thus enables a precise description of the linear behavior even for longer pulse durations with higher current amplitudes.
- FIG. 3 shows a comparison between a voltage curve 14 estimated with the battery model 10 and a measured voltage curve 15 for the same period of time at a state of charge SOC of 90% and a temperature T of 25 ° C.
- another voltage curve 16 is shown, which was estimated using a conventional 1-RC equivalent circuit model. It can be seen that the battery model 10 and the conventional 1-RC equivalent circuit model deliver very similar results for short prediction times (t ⁇ 3 s), but the battery model 10 for longer prediction times (t » 3 s) is closer to the measured voltage curve 15 .
- Fig. 4 shows the three voltage curves 14, 15, 16 at a state of charge SOC of 80% and a temperature T of 25 ° C.
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Abstract
Description
Claims
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| DE102022105481.0A DE102022105481A1 (de) | 2022-03-09 | 2022-03-09 | Verfahren zum bestimmen mindestens eines geschätzten betriebsparameters einer batterie |
| PCT/EP2023/053040 WO2023169759A1 (de) | 2022-03-09 | 2023-02-08 | Verfahren zum bestimmen mindestens eines geschätzten betriebsparameters einer batterie |
Publications (1)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| EP4490527A1 true EP4490527A1 (de) | 2025-01-15 |
Family
ID=85222517
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| EP23704301.3A Withdrawn EP4490527A1 (de) | 2022-03-09 | 2023-02-08 | Verfahren zum bestimmen mindestens eines geschätzten betriebsparameters einer batterie |
Country Status (5)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| US (1) | US20240426922A1 (de) |
| EP (1) | EP4490527A1 (de) |
| CN (1) | CN118575088A (de) |
| DE (1) | DE102022105481A1 (de) |
| WO (1) | WO2023169759A1 (de) |
Families Citing this family (1)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| DE102023130415B3 (de) | 2023-11-03 | 2025-02-20 | Lisa Dräxlmaier GmbH | Techniken zum Schätzen von Betriebsparametern einer Batteriezelle unter Verwendung eines Batteriezellmodells mit einer Anzahl von N RC-Gliedern |
Family Cites Families (5)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| FR2973516B1 (fr) * | 2011-04-04 | 2013-04-12 | Peugeot Citroen Automobiles Sa | Dispositif de determination predictive d'informations d'utilisation d'au moins une cellule d'une batterie multicellulaire, en presence d'une sollicitation en puissance |
| CN104007390B (zh) * | 2013-02-24 | 2018-03-20 | 快捷半导体(苏州)有限公司 | 电池电荷状态跟踪、等效电路选择及基准测试方法及系统 |
| US20150219726A1 (en) | 2014-02-03 | 2015-08-06 | GM Global Technology Operations LLC | Systems and methods for battery state estimation |
| KR20180067982A (ko) * | 2016-12-13 | 2018-06-21 | 숭실대학교산학협력단 | Potentiostat, QCM 및 EIS기능을 갖춘 전기화학 종합 분석 시스템 |
| EP3435102A1 (de) | 2017-07-26 | 2019-01-30 | INVENOX GmbH | Verfahren und vorrichtung zur detektion von batteriezellenzuständen und batteriezellenparametern |
-
2022
- 2022-03-09 DE DE102022105481.0A patent/DE102022105481A1/de active Pending
-
2023
- 2023-02-08 WO PCT/EP2023/053040 patent/WO2023169759A1/de not_active Ceased
- 2023-02-08 CN CN202380017347.4A patent/CN118575088A/zh active Pending
- 2023-02-08 EP EP23704301.3A patent/EP4490527A1/de not_active Withdrawn
-
2024
- 2024-09-09 US US18/828,866 patent/US20240426922A1/en active Pending
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| CN118575088A (zh) | 2024-08-30 |
| WO2023169759A1 (de) | 2023-09-14 |
| US20240426922A1 (en) | 2024-12-26 |
| DE102022105481A1 (de) | 2023-09-14 |
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