EP4487084A1 - SENSOR SOWIE DAMIT GEBILDETES MEßSYSTEM - Google Patents
SENSOR SOWIE DAMIT GEBILDETES MEßSYSTEMInfo
- Publication number
- EP4487084A1 EP4487084A1 EP23708432.2A EP23708432A EP4487084A1 EP 4487084 A1 EP4487084 A1 EP 4487084A1 EP 23708432 A EP23708432 A EP 23708432A EP 4487084 A1 EP4487084 A1 EP 4487084A1
- Authority
- EP
- European Patent Office
- Prior art keywords
- sensor
- deformation body
- less
- thermal expansion
- linear
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Pending
Links
Classifications
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01F—MEASURING VOLUME, VOLUME FLOW, MASS FLOW OR LIQUID LEVEL; METERING BY VOLUME
- G01F1/00—Measuring the volume flow or mass flow of fluid or fluent solid material wherein the fluid passes through a meter in a continuous flow
- G01F1/05—Measuring the volume flow or mass flow of fluid or fluent solid material wherein the fluid passes through a meter in a continuous flow by using mechanical effects
- G01F1/20—Measuring the volume flow or mass flow of fluid or fluent solid material wherein the fluid passes through a meter in a continuous flow by using mechanical effects by detection of dynamic effects of the flow
- G01F1/32—Measuring the volume flow or mass flow of fluid or fluent solid material wherein the fluid passes through a meter in a continuous flow by using mechanical effects by detection of dynamic effects of the flow using swirl flowmeters
- G01F1/3209—Measuring the volume flow or mass flow of fluid or fluent solid material wherein the fluid passes through a meter in a continuous flow by using mechanical effects by detection of dynamic effects of the flow using swirl flowmeters using Karman vortices
Definitions
- the invention relates to a sensor formed, in particular a sensor for detecting pressure fluctuations in a flowing fluid, or a measuring system formed therewith.
- Examples of such measuring systems are, inter alia, from US-A 2006/0230841, US-A 2008/0072686, US-A 2011/0154913, US-A 2011/0247430, US-A 2016/0123783, the US-A 2017/0284841, US-A 2019/0094054, US-A 60 03 384, US-A 61 01 885, US-B 63 52 000, US-B 69 10 387 or US B 69 38 496 and are also offered by the applicant itself, for example under the product name "PROWIRL D 200", “PROWIRL F 200", “PROWIRL O 200", “PROWIRL R 200" (http://www.de .endress.eom/#products/prowirl).
- the measuring systems shown each have a bluff body protruding into the lumen of the respective pipeline, for example designed as a system component of a heat supply network or a turbine circuit, or into a lumen of a measuring tube inserted in the course of that pipeline, and thus against which the fluid flows, for generating a so-called Kärmänschen vortex street lined up vortices within the partial volume of the fluid stream flowing immediately downstream of the bluff body.
- the vortices are generated at the bluff body with a shedding rate (1/fvtx) that is dependent on the flow velocity.
- the measuring systems have a sensor integrated in the bluff body or connected to it or downstream of the same, namely in the area of the Karman vortex street in the flow, thus in the lumen of the protruding sensor, which serves to detect pressure fluctuations in the Karman vortex street formed in the flowing fluid and to convert it into a sensor signal representing the pressure fluctuations, namely to supply a - for example electrical or optical - signal which corresponds to a pressure prevailing within the fluid and which is subject to periodic fluctuations as a result of vortices running in opposite directions downstream of the bluff body, or which corresponds to the shedding rate of the vortices corresponding signal frequency ( ⁇ fvtx).
- a sensor integrated in the bluff body or connected to it or downstream of the same namely in the area of the Karman vortex street in the flow, thus in the lumen of the protruding sensor, which serves to detect pressure fluctuations in the Karman vortex street formed in the flowing fluid and to convert it into a sensor signal representing the pressure fluctuations,
- the senor has a deformation body and a sensor vane (usually rod-shaped, plate-shaped or wedge-shaped) extending from an essentially planar surface of the deformation body, and is set up to detect pressure fluctuations in the Karman vortex street, namely in with the pressure fluctuations to convert corresponding movements of the deformation body.
- a sensor vane usually rod-shaped, plate-shaped or wedge-shaped
- the deformable body has an outer edge segment - usually in the shape of a circular ring - which is set up to be connected to a socket serving to hold the deformable body on a wall of a pipe in a hermetically sealed manner, for example materially, such that the deformable body has a the opening provided in the tube is covered or hermetically sealed and that the surface of the deformation body carrying the sensor vane faces the fluid-carrying lumen of the measuring tube or pipeline, and the sensor vane therefore protrudes into the same lumen.
- the deformation body is typically designed as a thin membrane and is shaped in such a way that at least one membrane thickness, measured as a minimum thickness of an inner membrane segment delimited by the aforementioned outer edge segment, is very much smaller than a membrane diameter, measured as a largest diameter is an area bounded by the outer edge segment.
- a membrane thickness measured as a minimum thickness of an inner membrane segment delimited by the aforementioned outer edge segment
- a membrane diameter measured as a largest diameter is an area bounded by the outer edge segment.
- sensors of the type in question can occasionally combine with one another starting from a surface of the deformation body facing away from the surface of the deformation body that is mostly rod-, plate- or sleeve-shaped, which is used in particular to compensate forces or moments resulting from movements of the sensor assembly, for example as a result of vibrations in the pipeline to compensate or to avoid the resulting undesired movements of the sensor vane.
- each of the sensors also includes a (mechanical-to-electrical) converter element, which is typically set up to detect movements of the deformation body and to convert them into an electrical sensor signal.
- a (mechanical-to-electrical) converter element typically set up to detect movements of the deformation body and to convert them into an electrical sensor signal.
- the same transducer element is formed by means of a piezoceramic, for example in the form of a piezo disc.
- the sensor is also connected to converter electronics—typically encapsulated in a pressure and impact-resistant manner and possibly also hermetically sealed to the outside.
- Converter electronics of industrial measuring systems usually have a corresponding digital measuring circuit, electrically connected to the converter element via connection lines, possibly with the interposition of electrical barriers and/or galvanic isolation points, for processing the at least one sensor signal generated by the converter element and for generating digital measured values for the each measured variable to be detected, namely the flow rate, the volume flow and/or the mass flow.
- the converter electronics usually housed in a protective housing made of metal and/or impact-resistant plastic, of measurement systems suitable for industry or established in industrial measurement technology also usually provide external interfaces for communication with higher-level systems that conform to an industry standard, for example DIN IEC 60381-1 , Measuring and/or control systems formed, for example, by means of programmable logic controllers (PLC).
- PLC programmable logic controller
- US-A 2016/0123783 shows, for example, a support device for the deformation body which is arranged on the transducer element side and is therefore not in contact with the fluid to be measured during operation, against which the deformation body presses at a static pressure above a predetermined limit value of, for example more than 40 bar is partially applied, such that mechanical stresses established therein can be kept below a specified maximum allowable stress even at higher pressures of up to 250 bar.
- a disadvantage of this solution can be seen in the fact that the sensitivity of the sensor exceeds the above Limit is first abruptly reduced, so that the sensor has a pressure-dependent and also non-linear sensitivity to the flow rate or the volume flow.
- one object of the invention is to improve sensors with a transducer element positioned on the deformation body in such a way that, even with a comparatively simple mechanical structure, they have a high compressive strength or can also be used in superheated steam applications with steam temperatures of over 200 °C and pressure peaks of over 100 bar enable the pressure resistance to be dependent on the operating temperature.
- the sensor should be able to be assembled from individual components in a simple manner, for example also in order to be able to easily replace a defective converter element with a new, intact converter element.
- the invention consists in a sensor, in particular a sensor for detecting pressure fluctuations in a Karman vortex street formed in a flowing fluid, which sensor comprises:
- an at least partially flat, for example membrane-like or disc-shaped, deformation body for example made of a metal, with a flat first surface and an opposite flat second surface;
- a sensor flag for example rod-shaped or plate-shaped or wedge-shaped, extending starting from the first surface of the deformation body
- a connecting sleeve extending from the deformation body, for example electrically conductively connected thereto, for example made of a metal and/or of a temperature range at least within a range of between -10°C and 250°C of not less than 16 - 10 ® K 1 and /or material having a (linear) coefficient of thermal expansion of no more than 17 - 10 ® K 1 ;
- a transducer element for example disk-shaped and/or piezoceramic, which is arranged inside the connecting sleeve and contacts the second surface of the deformation body with a first contact surface, for example electrically conductive, for example from a temperature range at least within a range of -10°C and 250°C material having a (linear) coefficient of thermal expansion of not less than ⁇ 6 ⁇ 10 ® K 1 and/or not more than 6 ⁇ 10 ®K′ 1 , for generating a time-varying, for example at least temporarily electrical sensor signal representing periodic movements of the sensor vane and/or time-varying, for example at least temporarily periodic, deformations of the deformation body and/or for generating a force causing deformations of the deformation body (inverse piezo effect);
- the connecting sleeve has an internal thread in a distal end remote from the deformation body and the fastening means also include an (internal) screw sleeve having an external thread and a cylindrical, for example monolithic and/or disc-shaped and/or metallic, washer element, for example made of a Metal and/or made of a material having a (linear) coefficient of thermal expansion at least within a temperature range between -10°C and 250°C of not less than 20 • 10 ® K 1 and/or not more than 30 • 10 ® K 1 .
- an (internal) screw sleeve having an external thread and a cylindrical, for example monolithic and/or disc-shaped and/or metallic, washer element, for example made of a Metal and/or made of a material having a (linear) coefficient of thermal expansion at least within a temperature range between -10°C and 250°C of not less than 20 • 10 ® K 1 and/or not more than 30 • 10 ® K 1 .
- the (inner) screw sleeve is screwed into the inner thread and the shim element is positioned between the (inner) screw sleeve in such a way that the (inner) screw sleeve forms an abutment for the shim element and at least the shim element exerts a force against the transducer element is elastically deformed with the contact pressure that keeps the deformation body pressed or with the formation of at least one frictional connection connecting the converter element and the deformation body, for example in such a way that a minimum surface pressure acting between the shim element and the converter element or between the converter element and the deformation body is more than 1 MPa and/or between the shim element and The maximum surface pressure acting between the converter element and the deformation body is less than 20 MPa and/or such that a non-positive connection is formed between the converter element and the deformation body.
- the invention also consists in a measuring system for measuring at least one flow parameter, for example a flow parameter that changes over time, for example a Flow velocity and/or a volumetric flow rate, of a fluid flowing in a pipeline, which measuring system also has measuring electronics which are electrically connected to the converter element of the sensor and are set up to receive and process the sensor signal from the sensor, for example namely the at least one flow parameter to generate representative measured values and/or to feed an electrical driver signal, for example the generation of a force causing deformations of the deformation body, into the transducer element.
- a measuring system for measuring at least one flow parameter that changes over time, for example a Flow velocity and/or a volumetric flow rate, of a fluid flowing in a pipeline
- measuring system also has measuring electronics which are electrically connected to the converter element of the sensor and are set up to receive and process the sensor signal from the sensor, for example namely the at least one flow parameter to generate representative measured values and/or to feed an electrical driver signal, for example the generation of a force
- the measuring system according to the invention can in particular also be used to measure a flow parameter - for example a flow velocity and/or a volume flow rate and/or a mass flow rate - of a temperature flowing in a pipeline, for example at least at times a temperature of more than 200° C. and/or at least at times with a Pressure of more than 100 bar acting on the deformation body and / or the sensor vane of the sensor, fluid, such as a vapor, can be used.
- a flow parameter - for example a flow velocity and/or a volume flow rate and/or a mass flow rate - of a temperature flowing in a pipeline, for example at least at times a temperature of more than 200° C. and/or at least at times with a Pressure of more than 100 bar acting on the deformation body and / or the sensor vane of the sensor, fluid, such as a vapor, can be used.
- the transducer element has a (first) thickness d12, for example not less than 0.5 mm and/or not more than 2 mm, measured at a temperature of 20° C. as the maximum Expansion in the direction of a normal of its first contact surface
- the shim element has a (second) thickness d133, for example not less than 1 mm and/or not more than 10 mm, measured at a temperature of 20°C as maximum expansion in direction the normal of the first contact surface of the transducer element
- the transducer element and the shim element are formed such that an expansion difference ratio Aoc21/Aoc31 (of the sensor), measured as a ratio of a difference between a (linear) thermal expansion coefficient oc2 (of the material) of the transducer element and a (linear) coefficient of thermal expansion a1 (of the material) of the ferrule to a difference between a (linear) coefficient of thermal
- a (thickness) ratio d 3 /di2 of the (first) thickness ds of the shim element to the (second) thickness di2 of the transducer element is more than 0.5 and less than 7, for example no less than 2 and/or not more than 4.
- the fastening means comprise a spherical disc, for example an annular one, for example made of a metal and/or of a temperature range at least within a range of between -10°C and 250°C not less than 16 • 10 ® K 1 and/or no more than 17 • 10 ® K 1 amounting material comprising (linear) thermal expansion coefficients a4, and that the spherical washer is positioned between the screw sleeve and the shim element.
- a spherical disc for example an annular one, for example made of a metal and/or of a temperature range at least within a range of between -10°C and 250°C not less than 16 • 10 ® K 1 and/or no more than 17 • 10 ® K 1 amounting material comprising (linear) thermal expansion coefficients a4, and that the spherical washer is positioned between the screw sleeve and the shim element.
- the spherical disc consists at least partially, for example also predominantly or completely, of a metal, for example stainless steel or a nickel-based alloy, and/or that a (linear) thermal expansion coefficient a4 (of the material) of the spherical disc of a (linear) coefficient of thermal expansion a1 (of the material) of the connecting sleeve at least within a temperature range between -10°C and 250°C by less than 2 - 10 ® K 1 and/or by less than 10% of the coefficient of thermal expansion a1 (of the material ) of the connecting sleeve differs.
- a metal for example stainless steel or a nickel-based alloy
- the fastening means is an insulating disk (135), especially an annular one, especially made of a ceramic and/or a plastic and/or of a at least within a temperature range of -10°C and 250°C temperature range not less than 30 • 10 ® K 1 and/or not more than 50 • 10 ® K 1 (linear) coefficients of thermal expansion a5, and that the insulating disk is positioned between the converter element and the washer element.
- the insulating pane is at least partially, for example also predominantly or completely, made of a particularly high-temperature-resistant and/or of a temperature range at least within a range of between -10°C and 250°C of not less than 20 • 10 ® K 1 and/or no more than 40 • 10 ® K 1 (linear) coefficients of thermal expansion a5, plastic, for example a polyimide (Kapton), and/or that a (linear) coefficient of thermal expansion a5 (of the material) of the insulating pane by a (linear) thermal expansion coefficient a2 (of the material) of the shim element at least within a temperature range between -10°C and 250°C by less than 20 • 10 ® K 1 and/or by less than 50% of the (linear) Thermal expansion coefficient a2 (of the material) of the shim element differs.
- the insulating pane can also have a (third) Thickness, measured at a temperature of 20 ° C as maximum extension in the direction normal to the first contact surface of the transducer element, which is not less than 0.05 mm and / or not more than 0.5 mm.
- the deformation body and the sensor flag are connected to one another in a materially joined manner, for example by being welded or soldered to one another.
- the transducer element and the deformation body are not connected to one another in a materially bonded manner.
- the transducer element and the shim element are not connected to one another in a materially bonded manner.
- the shim element and the deformation body consist of different materials.
- the shim element is made of an aluminum alloy, for example an aluminium-magnesium-silicon alloy (AIMgSi) or an aluminum wrought alloy of the (standardized) type EN AW-6061 (AIMglSiCu). , EN AW-6082, EN AW-7075 or EN AW-5052.
- AlMgSi aluminium-magnesium-silicon alloy
- AIMglSiCu aluminum wrought alloy of the (standardized) type EN AW-6061
- EN AW-6082, EN AW-7075 or EN AW-5052 EN AW-5052.
- the shim element consists of a metal, for example aluminum or an aluminum alloy.
- the deformation body consists at least partially, for example predominantly or completely, of a metal, for example a high-grade steel or a nickel-based alloy.
- the sensor vane consists at least partially, for example predominantly or completely, of a metal, for example a high-grade steel or a nickel-based alloy.
- the connecting sleeve consists at least partially, for example predominantly or completely, of a metal, for example stainless steel or a nickel-based alloy.
- the deformation body and the sensor flag for example the connecting sleeve, deformation body and sensor flag, consist of the same material.
- the deformation body and the sensor flag are components of one and the same monolithic molded part.
- a minimum surface pressure acting between the shim element and the transducer element or between the transducer element and the deformation body, especially at a temperature above -50°C and below 250°C, is more than 1 MPa, for example also more than 3 MPa.
- between the shim element and the transducer element or maximum surface pressure acting between the transducer element and the deformation body, especially at a temperature above -50°C and below 250°C, is less than 20 MPa, for example also less than 15 MPa.
- the transducer element makes electrically conductive contact with the deformation body and/or the connecting sleeve.
- the senor further comprises a metal foil, for example a silver foil.
- the senor also includes a rod-shaped, plate-shaped or sleeve-shaped compensating body extending from the second surface of the deformation body to compensate for forces and/or moments resulting from joint movements of the deformation body and sensor vane.
- the compensating body extends through the shim element, for example in such a way that a main axis of inertia (for example a longitudinal axis) of the compensating body and a main axis of inertia (for example a longitudinal axis) of the shim element are parallel to one another run, for example namely are coincident, and / or such that the shim element and compensating body do not contact each other.
- the deformation body and the compensating body are connected to one another in a cohesive manner, for example by being welded or soldered to one another.
- the sensor vane and compensating body are arranged in alignment with one another.
- the compensating body and the deformation body are positioned and aligned with one another such that a main axis of inertia of the deformation body extends parallel to a main axis of inertia of the compensating body, for example coincident with it.
- the deformation body and compensation body are components of one and the same monolithic molded part, for example in such a way that the sensor flag, deformation body and compensation body and/or that the connecting sleeve, deformation body and compensation body are components of the same molded part.
- the compensating body consists at least partially, for example predominantly or completely, of a metal, for example stainless steel or a nickel-based alloy.
- the deformation body and compensating body are made of the same material, for example in such a way that the sensor flag, deformation body and compensating body and/or that the connecting sleeve, deformation body and compensating body are made of the same material.
- the measuring system further comprises a tube which can be inserted into the course of said pipeline and has a lumen which is set up to guide the fluid flowing in the pipeline.
- the senor is inserted in the same tube in such a way that the first surface of the deformation body faces the lumen of the tube and that the sensor flag protrudes into the same lumen.
- an opening is formed, in particular a socket serving to hold the deformation body on the wall, and that the sensor is inserted in the same opening.
- the deformation body covers the opening, in particular hermetically seals it, and that the first surface of the deformation body faces the lumen of the tube, and the sensor flag therefore projects into the same lumen.
- the sensor flag has a length, measured as the minimum distance between a proximal end of the sensor flag, namely the one adjacent to the deformation body, and a distal end, namely the end remote from the deformation body or its surface the sensor flag which length corresponds to less than 95% of a caliber of the tube and/or more than half of the same caliber.
- the measuring system also has a bluff body arranged in the lumen of the pipe, for example upstream, namely in the (main) flow direction in front of the sensor, which is set up for this purpose in the flowing fluid to bring about a Karman vortex street, the sensor being set up to detect periodic pressure fluctuations in the Karman vortex street and to convert them into a sensor signal, for example in such a way that the sensor signal has a signal frequency that corresponds to a shedding rate of vortices forming the Karman vortex street on the bluff body.
- a basic idea of the invention is the desired high nominal compressive strength for sensors, not least also at high operating temperatures of over 200° C., or the desired improvement in the dependence of the compressive strength of the sensor assembly on the operating temperature (pressure-temperature curve of the sensor assembly) brought about by the transducer element arranged on the deformation body being pressed against the deformation body over a comparatively wide temperature range, for example from -10 C to 250°C, is kept pressed continuously with a surface pressure that is suitable for the measuring principle, namely both sufficient and tolerable.
- One advantage of the invention is that not only can a significant improvement in the nominal pressure resistance or the pressure-temperature curve of sensors of the type in question be achieved in a very simple manner, but that this can be achieved without Sensitivity, namely to significantly reduce the sensitivity of the sensor to the actual pressure fluctuations to be detected.
- a further advantage of the invention can also be seen in the fact that defective components in the sensor according to the invention, for example the converter element or the fastening means, can be replaced very easily, for example also on site.
- FIG. 3 is a schematic, sectional side view of an exemplary embodiment of a sensor that is particularly suitable for use in a measuring system according to FIGS. 1 and 2;
- FIG. 1 and 2 show an exemplary embodiment of a measuring system for measuring at least one flow parameter, possibly also a flow parameter that changes over time, such as a flow velocity v and/or a volume flow V', of a fluid flowing in a pipeline, for example a hot, esp. gas which is at least temporarily at a temperature of more than 200°C and/or at least temporarily under a high pressure, in particular of more than 100 bar.
- the pipeline can be designed, for example, as a system component of a heat supply network or a turbine circuit, so the fluid can be steam, especially saturated steam or superheated steam, or a condensate removed from a steam line.
- fluid can also be (compressed) natural gas or biogas, for example, so the pipeline can also be a component of a natural gas or biogas plant or a gas supply network, for example.
- the measuring system has a sensor 1--shown again enlarged in FIG to convert electrical or optical sensor signal s1.
- the measuring system also includes measuring electronics 2, housed for example in a pressure- and/or impact-resistant protective housing 20, which is connected to sensor 1 or during operation of the measuring system communicates with sensor 1.
- the electronic measuring system 2 is set up to receive and process the sensor signal s1, for example to generate measured values XMZU representing the at least one flow parameter, for example the flow velocity v or the volume flow rate V′.
- the measured values XM can, for example, be visualized on site and/or transmitted--wired via the connected field bus and/or wirelessly by radio--to an electronic data processing system, such as a programmable logic controller (PLC) and/or a process control station.
- PLC programmable logic controller
- the electronic measuring system 2 can also serve or be set up to feed an electrical driver signal, for example the generation of a force that causes deformations of the deformation body, into the transducer element.
- the protective housing 20 for the measuring electronics 2 can in turn be made, for example, from a metal, such as stainless steel or aluminum, and/or by means of a casting process, such as a precision casting or a die casting process (HPDC); however, it can also be formed, for example, by means of a plastic molded part produced in an injection molding process.
- a metal such as stainless steel or aluminum
- HPDC precision casting or a die casting process
- the sensor 1 comprises a deformation body 111, especially a membrane-like or disc-shaped one opposite, for example to the first surface 111 + at least partially parallel, second surface 111#.
- the sensor can also comprise a sensor flag 112 having a first side surface on the left and a second side surface on the right, which extend from a first surface 111+ of the deformation body 111 to a distal one, namely from the deformation body 111 or its surface 111+ (free ) end extends.
- the deformation body 111 and the aforementioned sensor flag 112 can, for example, be components of one and the same monolithic molded part, which is, for example, cast or produced by a generative process, such as 3D laser melting;
- the deformation body and the sensor flag can also be designed as individual parts that are initially separate from one another or only subsequently connected to one another in a material-to-material manner, for example welded or soldered to one another, and consequently can be made from materials that can be connected to one another in a material-to-material manner.
- the deformation body 111 can at least partially, for example predominantly or completely, consist of a metal such as stainless steel or a nickel-based alloy such as X7 CrNiAl 17-7 (WsNr 1.4568, EN 10027-2:1992-09).
- the aforementioned sensor flag 112 can also consist at least partially of a metal, for example stainless steel or a nickel-based alloy, and/or the deformation body 111 and the sensor flag 112 can be made or consist of the same material.
- the deformation body 111 and the sensor vane 112 are also designed in particular to be excited to oscillate about a common static rest position, typically namely forced oscillation out of resonance, such that the sensor vane 112 elastically deforming the deformation body 111 pendulum movements in a - essentially transverse running to the aforementioned direction of flow - performs detection direction.
- the sensor vane 112 has a width, measured as a maximum extent in the direction of flow, which is significantly greater than a thickness of the sensor vane 112, measured as a maximum lateral extent in the direction of the detection direction.
- the sensor vane 112 can, as is quite usual with such sensors, be designed, for example, in the shape of a wedge or also as a flat plate.
- the sensor 1 also has a connecting sleeve 113, which extends from a, for example circular, peripheral edge segment of the second surface 111# of the deformation body and is electrically conductively connected to the deformation body and/or made of metal.
- the connecting sleeve 113 is made of a material or metal which has a temperature at least within a range between -10°C and 250°C of not less than 16 - 10 ® K 1 and/or not more than 17 - 10 ® K 1 has a (linear) coefficient of thermal expansion a1.
- the senor In order to detect mechanical vibrations of deformation body 111 (or of deformation body 111 together with the sensor flag), the sensor also has at least one, in particular disc-shaped and/or piezoceramic, element arranged within connecting sleeve 113 and contacting surface 111+ of the deformation body with a first contact surface , Transducer element 12 for generating a time-changing, especially at least temporarily periodic, movements of the sensor vane or equally time-changing, especially at least temporarily periodic, deformations of the deformation body 111 representing electrical sensor signal, for example with an electrical (alternating) )tension, up.
- Transducer element 12 for generating a time-changing, especially at least temporarily periodic, movements of the sensor vane or equally time-changing, especially at least temporarily periodic, deformations of the deformation body 111 representing electrical sensor signal, for example with an electrical (alternating) )tension, up.
- the converter element 12 can also serve to generate a force causing deformations of the deformation body 111 (inverse piezo effect), or to be used as a (piezoelectric) actuator, for example to stimulate mechanical vibrations of the deformation body.
- the transducer element 12 is made of a material, for example a lead zirconate titanate (piezo) ceramic (PZT), which has a temperature at least within a range of between -10°C and 250°C lying temperature range has not less than -6 • 10 ® K 1 and/or not more than 6 - 10 ® K 1 amounting (linear) coefficient of thermal expansion a2.
- PZT lead zirconate titanate
- the senor 1 or the measuring system formed therewith is also intended in particular to be used in such applications or measuring points in which the fluid to be measured, for example due to condensation-induced water hammer (CIWH), briefly extremely high hydrostatic , namely to pressures of more than 100 bar and/or high (fluid) temperatures of more than 200° C. acting perpendicularly against the wall 3* of the pipe, thus also acting against the sensor, for example in superheated steam applications.
- CIWH condensation-induced water hammer
- the sening means 13 For fixing the converter element 12 in the connecting sleeve 113, especially in a detachable manner, on the one hand and to achieve the lowest possible sensitivity of the sensor to pressure surges and/or temperature fluctuations or to reduce measurement errors resulting from such high loads on the sensor when measuring the at least one flow parameter with the measuring system formed with the same sensor, on the other hand, the sensor according to the invention also includes inside the connecting sleeve 113 positioned and thus mechanically connected, especially releasably, fastening means 13.
- fastening means 13 comprise an (inner) screw sleeve 132 having an external thread, made of metal, for example, and a shim element 133, for example monolithic and/or cylindrical, for example made of a metal or the same material as the connecting sleeve 112.
- the connecting sleeve 112 has an internal thread (for the screw sleeve 132) in a distal end remote from the deformation body 111.
- the transducer element 12 has a (first) thickness d12, for example not less than 1 mm and/or not more than 2 mm, measured at a temperature of 20° C.
- the shim element 133 has a (second) thickness d131, for example no less than 0.5 mm and/or no more than 10 mm, measured at room temperature or a temperature of 20°C as the maximum expansion in Direction of the normal of the first contact surface of the transducer element.
- the shim element 133 is designed as a washer, for example also in the form of a shim or a shim or spacer, and/or made of a material, for example a metal, which differs from the material of the deformation body is different and/or which has a (linear) coefficient of thermal expansion a3 at least within a temperature range between -10°C and 250°C of not less than 20 • 10 ® K 1 and/or not more than 30 • 10 ® K 1 .
- the shim element 133 consists of aluminum or an aluminum alloy, for example an aluminum-magnesium-silicon alloy (AIMgSi) or an aluminum wrought alloy, especially of the (standardized) type EN AW- 6061 (AIMglSiCu), EN AW-6082, EN AW-7075 or EN AW-5052.
- AIMgSi aluminum-magnesium-silicon alloy
- AIMglSiCu aluminum-magnesium-silicon alloy
- EN AW-6082 EN AW-7075
- EN AW-5052 EN AW-5052.
- the (internal) screw sleeve 132 is also screwed into the internal thread of the connecting sleeve 112 to form an abutment for the washer element 133 and the washer element 131 is positioned between the (inner) screw sleeve 132 and the transducer element 12 .
- the (internal) screw sleeve is screwed into the connecting sleeve 112 to such an extent that at least the shim element 131 (in the installed state) is elastically deformed by exerting a contact pressure force that keeps the converter element 12 pressed against the deformation body 111, which also means that between the converter element 12 and the deformation body 111 a non-positive connection is formed; this in particular in such a way that a minimum surface pressure acting between shim element 131 and converter element 12 or between converter element 12 and deformation body 111 is more than 1 MPa, especially more than 3 MPa, at least within a temperature range between -10°C and 250°C , Is and/or that a maximum surface pressure acting between the washer element 131 and the converter element 12 or between the converter element 12 and the deformation body 111 is at least within one between -10°C and 250°C is less than 20 MPa, especially less than 15 MPa.
- the required (nominal) contact pressure or (nominal) surface pressure can be set exactly during assembly of the sensor, for example by means of a correspondingly programmed screwing tool, such as a programmable electronic torque and/or angle wrench.
- a correspondingly programmed screwing tool such as a programmable electronic torque and/or angle wrench.
- the converter element 12 and the shim element 133 are designed in such a way that an expansion difference ratio Aoc21/Aoc31 (of the sensor) measured as a ratio of a difference between the aforementioned (linear) coefficient of thermal expansion a2 (of the material) of the transducer element 12 and a (linear) coefficient of thermal expansion a1 (of the material) of the ferrule 113 to a difference between a (linear) coefficient of thermal expansion a3 (of the material) of the shim element 133 and the (linear) coefficient of thermal expansion a1 (of the
- a (thickness) ratio di 33 /di2 (the thickness ds of the shim element 133 to the thickness di2 of the transducer element 12) is more than 0.5 and less than 7, for example not less than 2 and/or not more than 4.
- the connecting sleeve 113 and the converter element 12 can advantageously also be designed in such a way that an inner diameter of the connecting sleeve 113 in the area of the installed position of the converter element is essentially one thus corresponds to the corresponding outer diameter of the converter element 12, for example, namely only larger by an amount that just allows for a positioning of the converter element 12 on the deformation body 111.
- the connecting sleeve 113 can also be designed in such a way that in an area above the converter element 12 (positioned in the installed position) it has a (smallest) inner diameter which is larger--for example by more than 1 mm , As a (largest) outer diameter of the transducer element 12.
- the fasteners not least to simplify the assembly and / or to compensate for any production-related tolerances of the screw sleeve and / or the Beilgaelements also a Include spherical washer 134, which (in the installed position) between the (internal) screw sleeve and the washer element 133 is positioned.
- the spherical disk 134 for example ring-shaped, can advantageously be made at least partially, for example also predominantly or completely, from a metal, in particular a stainless steel or a nickel-based alloy, and/or from a material that is at least within a range of between -10° C. and 250°C has a (linear) coefficient of thermal expansion a4 of no less than 16 • 10 ® K 1 and/or no more than 17 • 10 ® K 1 .
- the (linear) coefficient of thermal expansion a4 (of the material) of the spherical disc can advantageously also be selected in such a way that it differs from the aforementioned (linear) coefficient of thermal expansion a1 (of the material) of the connecting sleeve 113 at least within a temperature range between -10° C. and 250° C by less than 2 - 10 ® K 1 and/or by less than 10% of the coefficient of thermal expansion a1 (of the material) of the connecting sleeve 113.
- the converter element 12 and the connecting sleeve 113 can also be shaped in such a way that the converter element 12 and the connecting sleeve 113 have external and internal contours which are complementary to one another but nevertheless prevent an incorrect installation position of the converter element, for example in such a way that, as shown in Figs. 4a and 4b, viewed together, the converter element 12 has an outer contour with one or more straight sections 12a and that the connecting sleeve 113 has an inner contour with the aforementioned straight sections of the converter element 12 corresponding corresponding straight sections.
- Such fastening means formed by means of the (internal) screw sleeve 132 and the shim element 133 also makes it possible, among other things, to fix the converter element 12 on the deformation body 111 without the converter element 12 and the deformation body 111 being connected to one another with a material bond must, consequently, for example, the use of adhesives or solders to connect the transducer element 12 and deformation body 111 can be dispensed with.
- the shim element 133 and the converter element 12 can also be connected to one another without a material connection, namely avoiding a material connection that binds the shim element 133 and the converter element to one another.
- the use of the washer element 133 according to the invention also makes it possible without further ado to create an electrically highly conductive connection between the converter element 12 and the deformation body 111 and/or to create a possible connection between the converter element 12 and the deformation body 111 uniform mechanical contact between the transducer element 12 and deformation body 111 useful metal foil, for example namely a silver foil to position.
- it is also easily possible to place further elements of the fastening means 13 between the converter element 12 and the shim element 131 for example one or more electrically insulating insulating disks (135), possibly also designed as a contact disk or (flexible) printed circuit board.
- the fastening means accordingly comprise at least one insulating disk 135, for example ring-shaped and/or formed by means of a flexible printed circuit board, for example made of a ceramic and/or a plastic and/or of a at least within a range of -10°C and 250°C lying temperature range not less than 30 • 10 ® K 1 and / or not more than 50 • 10 ® K 1 amounting material having (linear) thermal expansion coefficients a5, which is positioned between transducer element 12 and shim element 133 .
- a flexible printed circuit board for example made of a ceramic and/or a plastic and/or of a at least within a range of -10°C and 250°C lying temperature range not less than 30 • 10 ® K 1 and / or not more than 50 • 10 ® K 1 amounting material having (linear) thermal expansion coefficients a5, which is positioned between transducer element 12 and shim element 133 .
- the insulating pane 135 can also be made at least partially, for example also predominantly or completely, from a temperature range, especially one that is resistant to high temperatures and/or from a temperature range at least within a range of between -10°C and 250°C of not less than 20 • 10 ® K 1 and/or no more than 40 • 10 ® K' 1 (linear) coefficients of thermal expansion a5, for example a polyimide, esp.
- the insulating disk 135 can have a (third) thickness of not less than 0.05 mm and/or not more than 0.5 mm, not least also for the above-described case that the insulating disk is made of polyimide, especially Kapton d3, measured at a temperature of 20° C.
- insulating disk 135 can have electrically conductive traces positioned thereon and/or be electrically conductively connected to electrical connecting line 14, and insulating disk 135 can be positioned in such a way that, in the installed position, it forms a second contact surface opposite the aforementioned first contact surface of converter element 12 Converter element 12 electrically conductively contacted.
- the measuring system also comprises a tube 3 which can be inserted in the course of the aforementioned pipeline and has a lumen 3' which is encased by a - for example metallic - wall 3* of the tube and which extends from an inlet end 3+ to an outlet end 3#. extends and which is adapted to guide the fluid flowing in the pipeline.
- the sensor 1 is also inserted into the same tube in such a way that the first surface of the deformation body 111 faces the lumen 3' of the tube, hence the Sensor flag protrudes into the same lumen.
- a flange connection is provided at the inlet end 3+ and at the outlet end 3# to produce a leak-free flange connection with a corresponding flange on an inlet or outlet line segment of the pipeline.
- the tube 3, as shown in FIG. 1 or 2 can be designed essentially straight, for example as a hollow cylinder with a circular cross-section, such that the tube 3 has an imaginary straight longitudinal axis connecting the inlet end 3+ and the outlet end 3# L
- the sensor 1 is inserted from the outside through an opening 3′′ formed in the wall into the lumen of the tube and in the area of that opening it can be detached again from the outside on the wall 3*, for example.
- the sensor 1 is inserted into the opening 3" in such a way that the deformation body 111 covers or hermetically closes the opening 3".
- This opening can, for example, be designed in such a way that--as is quite usual in measuring systems of the type under discussion--it has an (internal) diameter which lies in a range between 10 mm and approx. 50 mm.
- a socket 3a serving to hold the deformation body 111 or the sensor 1 formed therewith on the wall 3* is formed in the opening 3''.
- the sensor 1 can be fixed to the tube 3, for example, by cohesively connecting, in particular by welding or soldering, the deformation body 111 and the wall 3*; it can, for example, also be detachably connected to the pipe 3, for example screwed or screwed on.
- at least one sealing surface for example also a circumferential or circular ring-like sealing surface, can be formed in the socket 3a, which is set up to seal the opening 3" accordingly in interaction with the deformation body 111 and a sealing element that may be provided, for example ring-shaped or annular disk-shaped.
- the sensor 1 and the tube 3 are also dimensioned such that a length of the sensor flag 112, measured as the minimum distance between a proximal end of the sensor flag 112, i.e. one bordering on the deformation body 111, to the distal end of the sensor flag 112 is longer corresponds to a half of a caliber DN of the tube 3 or less than 95% of the same caliber DN.
- the length of the sensor vane 112 can also be chosen such that the distal end of the sensor vane 112 is only a very small minimum distance from the wall 3* of the tube 3, as is quite usual with a comparatively small caliber of less than 50 mm.
- the sensor vane 112 - as is quite usual in measuring systems of the type in question and as can also be seen from FIG Rohrs 3.
- the measuring system is specifically designed as a vortex flowmeter with a lumen of the tube 3--in this case upstream of the sensor 1, specifically in front of the sensor seen in the (main) direction of flow--arranged to effect Dam body 4 serving as a Karman vortex street in the flowing fluid is formed.
- Sensor and bluff body are here so dimensioned and arranged in particular that the
- the vortex flowmeter is also designed as a compact measuring system in which the measuring electronics 2 are housed in a protective housing 20 held on the pipe, for example by means of a neck-shaped connecting piece 30 .
- the sensor 1 also has a compensating body 114 which extends from the second surface 111# of the deformation body 111 and is, for example, in the form of a rod, plate or sleeve.
- the compensating body 114 can, for example, consist of the same material as the deformation body and/or the sensor flag, for example a metal.
- the compensating body 114 can be made of stainless steel or a nickel-based alloy.
- the deformation body 111 and the compensation body 114 are integrally connected to one another, for example welded or soldered to one another.
- deformation body 111 and compensating body 114 can also be components of one and the same monolithic molded part, for example such that sensor flag 111, deformation body 112 and compensating body 114 are components of the same molded part.
- Sensor vane 112 and compensating body 114 can also be arranged in alignment with one another--as can also be seen from a combined view of FIGS.
- the compensating body 114 and the deformation body 111 can also be positioned and aligned with one another such that a main axis of inertia of the deformation body 111 coincides with a main axis of inertia of the compensating body 114 in an extension.
- the compensating body 114 and the shim element 133 are also designed and arranged in such a way that the compensating body 114 extends through the shim element 133, for example also in such a way that a main axis of inertia, for example a longitudinal axis, of the compensating body and a main axis of inertia, for example a longitudinal axis, of the Shim elements run parallel to one another, esp. They are coincident, and/or in such a way that the shim element and compensating body do not contact each other.
Landscapes
- Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- Fluid Mechanics (AREA)
- General Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- Measuring Fluid Pressure (AREA)
- Measurement Of Length, Angles, Or The Like Using Electric Or Magnetic Means (AREA)
Abstract
Description
Claims
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| DE102022105199.4A DE102022105199A1 (de) | 2022-03-04 | 2022-03-04 | Sensor sowie damit gebildetes Meßsystem |
| PCT/EP2023/054641 WO2023165901A1 (de) | 2022-03-04 | 2023-02-24 | SENSOR SOWIE DAMIT GEBILDETES MEßSYSTEM |
Publications (1)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| EP4487084A1 true EP4487084A1 (de) | 2025-01-08 |
Family
ID=85462196
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| EP23708432.2A Pending EP4487084A1 (de) | 2022-03-04 | 2023-02-24 | SENSOR SOWIE DAMIT GEBILDETES MEßSYSTEM |
Country Status (4)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| EP (1) | EP4487084A1 (de) |
| CN (1) | CN118742790A (de) |
| DE (1) | DE102022105199A1 (de) |
| WO (1) | WO2023165901A1 (de) |
Families Citing this family (1)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| DE102024120080A1 (de) * | 2024-07-15 | 2026-01-15 | Endress+Hauser SE+Co. KG | Vibrationssensor |
Family Cites Families (24)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US3349259A (en) | 1965-05-27 | 1967-10-24 | Kistler Instr Corp | Piezoelectric pressure transducer |
| US4891990A (en) | 1987-12-04 | 1990-01-09 | Schlumberger Industries, Inc. | Vortex flowmeter transducer |
| US4986134A (en) | 1989-09-26 | 1991-01-22 | Lew Hyok S | Vortex flowmeter with inertially balanced vortex sensor |
| JP2976586B2 (ja) * | 1991-06-10 | 1999-11-10 | 富士電機株式会社 | カルマン渦流量計 |
| US5313843A (en) | 1990-01-29 | 1994-05-24 | Fuji Electric Co., Ltd. | Karman vortex flow meter |
| DK0841545T3 (da) | 1996-11-08 | 1999-11-08 | Flowtec Ag | Hvirvelstrømsdetektor |
| US6101885A (en) | 1997-06-24 | 2000-08-15 | Endress + Hauser Flowtec Ag | Substitution kits for volumetric flow sensors and corresponding vortex flow sensors |
| US6352000B1 (en) | 1998-08-12 | 2002-03-05 | Flowtec Ag | Vortex flow sensor |
| US6938496B2 (en) | 2001-09-04 | 2005-09-06 | Endress + Hauser Flowtec Ag | Vortex flow pickup |
| US6910387B2 (en) | 2002-09-04 | 2005-06-28 | Endress + Hausser Flowtec Ag | Vortex flow sensor for measuring fluid flow through a flow tube |
| RU45522U1 (ru) | 2004-12-15 | 2005-05-10 | Ветров Владимир Викторович | Датчик пульсаций давления |
| RU47097U1 (ru) | 2005-03-15 | 2005-08-10 | Ветров Владимир Викторович | Датчик вихревого расходомера (варианты) |
| US7259574B2 (en) | 2005-04-15 | 2007-08-21 | Vaidya Avinash Shrikrishna | Sensor device for measuring frequency and amplitude of varying force signals |
| US7600436B2 (en) | 2006-07-21 | 2009-10-13 | Endress + Hauser Flowtec Ag | Measuring system with a flow conditioner arranged at an inlet of a measuring tube |
| GB0803900D0 (en) | 2008-03-01 | 2008-04-09 | Mobrey Ltd | Vibrating element apparatus |
| DE102008054915A1 (de) | 2008-12-18 | 2010-06-24 | Endress + Hauser Flowtec Ag | Messeinrichtung mit einem optischen Sensor |
| JP5394506B2 (ja) | 2009-12-24 | 2014-01-22 | ローズマウント インコーポレイテッド | 渦振動センサプレートを持つ渦流量計 |
| CN103196498B (zh) * | 2013-04-15 | 2016-04-06 | 姚贤卿 | 在线更换型感应式涡街流量计 |
| DE102013105363A1 (de) | 2013-05-24 | 2014-11-27 | Endress + Hauser Flowtec Ag | Wirbelströmungsmesssensor und Wirbelströmungsmessaufnehmer zur Messung der Strömungsgeschwindigkeit eines Fluids |
| CN203824592U (zh) | 2014-04-29 | 2014-09-10 | 温州福鑫仪表有限公司 | 一种涡街流量计 |
| DE102014112558A1 (de) | 2014-09-01 | 2016-03-03 | Endress + Hauser Flowtec Ag | Sensorbaugruppe für einen Sensor, Sensor sowie damit gebildetes Meßsystem |
| DE102016104423A1 (de) | 2016-03-10 | 2017-09-14 | Endress+Hauser Flowtec Ag | Sensorbaugruppe für einen Sensor, Sensor sowie damit gebildetes Meßsystem |
| CN106404082A (zh) | 2016-08-26 | 2017-02-15 | 江苏伟屹电子有限公司 | 无胶封装高温涡街应力式传导传感器 |
| DE102020134264A1 (de) | 2020-12-18 | 2022-06-23 | Endress+Hauser Flowtec Ag | Sensor zum Erfassen von Druckschwankungen in einem strömenden Fluid sowie damit gebildetes Meßsystem |
-
2022
- 2022-03-04 DE DE102022105199.4A patent/DE102022105199A1/de active Pending
-
2023
- 2023-02-24 EP EP23708432.2A patent/EP4487084A1/de active Pending
- 2023-02-24 CN CN202380024529.4A patent/CN118742790A/zh active Pending
- 2023-02-24 WO PCT/EP2023/054641 patent/WO2023165901A1/de not_active Ceased
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| CN118742790A (zh) | 2024-10-01 |
| DE102022105199A1 (de) | 2023-09-07 |
| WO2023165901A1 (de) | 2023-09-07 |
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