EP4479447A1 - Verfahren zur herstellung einer wässrigen polymerdispersion aus vinylaromatischer verbindung und konjugiertem aliphatischen dien - Google Patents
Verfahren zur herstellung einer wässrigen polymerdispersion aus vinylaromatischer verbindung und konjugiertem aliphatischen dienInfo
- Publication number
- EP4479447A1 EP4479447A1 EP23702834.5A EP23702834A EP4479447A1 EP 4479447 A1 EP4479447 A1 EP 4479447A1 EP 23702834 A EP23702834 A EP 23702834A EP 4479447 A1 EP4479447 A1 EP 4479447A1
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- European Patent Office
- Prior art keywords
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- monomers
- emulsifier
- period
- Prior art date
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Classifications
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C09—DYES; PAINTS; POLISHES; NATURAL RESINS; ADHESIVES; COMPOSITIONS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; APPLICATIONS OF MATERIALS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- C09D—COATING COMPOSITIONS, e.g. PAINTS, VARNISHES OR LACQUERS; FILLING PASTES; CHEMICAL PAINT OR INK REMOVERS; INKS; CORRECTING FLUIDS; WOODSTAINS; PASTES OR SOLIDS FOR COLOURING OR PRINTING; USE OF MATERIALS THEREFOR
- C09D125/00—Coating compositions based on homopolymers or copolymers of compounds having one or more unsaturated aliphatic radicals, each having only one carbon-to-carbon double bond, and at least one being terminated by an aromatic carbocyclic ring; Coating compositions based on derivatives of such polymers
- C09D125/02—Homopolymers or copolymers of hydrocarbons
- C09D125/04—Homopolymers or copolymers of styrene
- C09D125/08—Copolymers of styrene
- C09D125/10—Copolymers of styrene with conjugated dienes
-
- D—TEXTILES; PAPER
- D21—PAPER-MAKING; PRODUCTION OF CELLULOSE
- D21H—PULP COMPOSITIONS; PREPARATION THEREOF NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES D21C OR D21D; IMPREGNATING OR COATING OF PAPER; TREATMENT OF FINISHED PAPER NOT COVERED BY CLASS B31 OR SUBCLASS D21G; PAPER NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- D21H19/00—Coated paper; Coating material
- D21H19/10—Coatings without pigments
- D21H19/14—Coatings without pigments applied in a form other than the aqueous solution defined in group D21H19/12
- D21H19/20—Coatings without pigments applied in a form other than the aqueous solution defined in group D21H19/12 comprising macromolecular compounds obtained by reactions only involving carbon-to-carbon unsaturated bonds
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
- C08F—MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS OBTAINED BY REACTIONS ONLY INVOLVING CARBON-TO-CARBON UNSATURATED BONDS
- C08F2/00—Processes of polymerisation
- C08F2/12—Polymerisation in non-solvents
- C08F2/16—Aqueous medium
- C08F2/22—Emulsion polymerisation
- C08F2/24—Emulsion polymerisation with the aid of emulsifying agents
- C08F2/26—Emulsion polymerisation with the aid of emulsifying agents anionic
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
- C08F—MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS OBTAINED BY REACTIONS ONLY INVOLVING CARBON-TO-CARBON UNSATURATED BONDS
- C08F212/00—Copolymers of compounds having one or more unsaturated aliphatic radicals, each having only one carbon-to-carbon double bond, and at least one being terminated by an aromatic carbocyclic ring
- C08F212/02—Monomers containing only one unsaturated aliphatic radical
- C08F212/04—Monomers containing only one unsaturated aliphatic radical containing one ring
- C08F212/06—Hydrocarbons
- C08F212/08—Styrene
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
- C08F—MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS OBTAINED BY REACTIONS ONLY INVOLVING CARBON-TO-CARBON UNSATURATED BONDS
- C08F257/00—Macromolecular compounds obtained by polymerising monomers on to polymers of aromatic monomers as defined in group C08F12/00
- C08F257/02—Macromolecular compounds obtained by polymerising monomers on to polymers of aromatic monomers as defined in group C08F12/00 on to polymers of styrene or alkyl-substituted styrenes
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- D—TEXTILES; PAPER
- D21—PAPER-MAKING; PRODUCTION OF CELLULOSE
- D21H—PULP COMPOSITIONS; PREPARATION THEREOF NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES D21C OR D21D; IMPREGNATING OR COATING OF PAPER; TREATMENT OF FINISHED PAPER NOT COVERED BY CLASS B31 OR SUBCLASS D21G; PAPER NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- D21H19/00—Coated paper; Coating material
- D21H19/36—Coatings with pigments
- D21H19/44—Coatings with pigments characterised by the other ingredients, e.g. the binder or dispersing agent
- D21H19/56—Macromolecular organic compounds or oligomers thereof obtained by reactions only involving carbon-to-carbon unsaturated bonds
- D21H19/58—Polymers or oligomers of diolefins, aromatic vinyl monomers or unsaturated acids or derivatives thereof
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- D—TEXTILES; PAPER
- D21—PAPER-MAKING; PRODUCTION OF CELLULOSE
- D21H—PULP COMPOSITIONS; PREPARATION THEREOF NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES D21C OR D21D; IMPREGNATING OR COATING OF PAPER; TREATMENT OF FINISHED PAPER NOT COVERED BY CLASS B31 OR SUBCLASS D21G; PAPER NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- D21H21/00—Non-fibrous material added to the pulp, characterised by its function, form or properties; Paper-impregnating or coating material, characterised by its function, form or properties
- D21H21/14—Non-fibrous material added to the pulp, characterised by its function, form or properties; Paper-impregnating or coating material, characterised by its function, form or properties characterised by function or properties in or on the paper
- D21H21/16—Sizing or water-repelling agents
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- D—TEXTILES; PAPER
- D21—PAPER-MAKING; PRODUCTION OF CELLULOSE
- D21H—PULP COMPOSITIONS; PREPARATION THEREOF NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES D21C OR D21D; IMPREGNATING OR COATING OF PAPER; TREATMENT OF FINISHED PAPER NOT COVERED BY CLASS B31 OR SUBCLASS D21G; PAPER NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- D21H21/00—Non-fibrous material added to the pulp, characterised by its function, form or properties; Paper-impregnating or coating material, characterised by its function, form or properties
- D21H21/14—Non-fibrous material added to the pulp, characterised by its function, form or properties; Paper-impregnating or coating material, characterised by its function, form or properties characterised by function or properties in or on the paper
- D21H21/18—Reinforcing agents
Definitions
- the invention relates to a process for producing an aqueous polymer dispersion which has a polymodal particle distribution of the polymer particles, by copolymerizing a vinyl aromatic compound and a conjugated aliphatic diene.
- the invention also relates to the aqueous polymer dispersions produced by the process and their use as binders for adhesives, sizing agents, fibers, coating materials and paper coating slips.
- Paper coating binders based on copolymers of vinyl aromatic compounds and aliphatic dienes are often chosen for applications such as packaging board.
- Ever increasing production speeds in paper machines are increasing the demands on the rheology of the coating slip.
- the viscosity of the paint could be reduced with greater dilution, but just the opposite is desired.
- modern dispersions are said to have high solids content and yet have low viscosity at high speeds.
- Conventional polymer emulsions with a monomodal particle size distribution generally have a solids content of ⁇ 50% by weight. Above 50% solids, the dispersions generally have an unacceptable viscosity.
- US Pat. No. 5,726,259 teaches the production of a bimodal styrene/butadiene latex binder for paper coating slips.
- the latex binder is prepared by starting the polymerization with an in-situ seed, adding the monomers in portions using 10 monomer additions and after 43% of the total amount of monomers have been metered and 44% of the total metering time has elapsed, another in-situ seed is prepared and with it the growth of a second particle population started. This gives polymer dispersions with a solids content of 50% by weight.
- US Pat. No. 4,780,503 describes a process for preparing a bimodal polymer dispersion, according to which further lauryl ether sulfate is metered in at a time when the monomer conversion is 43-53%. According to this teaching, dispersions with a higher solids content are obtained. However, a reaction time of 10 hours is given, which suggests a reaction temperature of ⁇ 80°C. Such long reaction times are uneconomical.
- WO2020/249406 teaches the preparation of a bimodal styrene/butadiene/acrylic acid dispersion by adding a large amount of emulsifier once after metering in 17 to 25% of the total amount of monomer and thus starting the growth of a second particle population.
- the dispersions obtained in this way have little odor, but only have a solids content of 53% by weight.
- the object of the present invention was therefore to find a process for preparing styrene/butadiene polymer dispersions with a solids content of at least 58% which has an improved space-time yield.
- the polymer dispersion obtained in this way should have a viscosity ⁇ 1000 mPas, Brookfield, 100 rpm, spindle 3 at 23° C., so that when incorporated into paper coating slips they have good rheological behavior even under high shear forces. They should preferably be polymodal.
- the object is achieved according to the invention by a process for preparing an aqueous polymer dispersion by free-radically initiated aqueous emulsion polymerization, characterized in that in an aqueous medium
- the present invention also relates to the dispersion obtained by the process according to the invention and to its use as a binder, adhesive, sizing agent for fibers, for the production of coatings or for the production of a paper coating slip.
- the total amount of monomers is to be understood as meaning the total amount of all monomers used in the polymerization, which add up to 100 parts by weight.
- the total dosing time of the monomers is to be understood as the period of time that the continuous dosing of monomers lasts.
- the metering can take place in the form of adding a mixture or in the form of separate monomers, the addition of which can also start with a time delay.
- the decisive factor is that monomer is dosed at all times, i.e. the addition is constant. Accordingly, the total dosing time begins with the beginning of the dosing of the first monomer/mixture and ends with the end of the last monomer/mixture.
- Dosing rate means a quantity that is added in a unit of time, i.e. "amount per time", usually in “g/min”.
- the average dosing rate of period P1 of emulsifier is the amount of all emulsifiers dosed during period P1, based on the time duration of the period.
- a monomer composition comprising styrene, butadiene and at least one ethylenically unsaturated carboxylic acid is radically polymerized.
- Other monomers can also be included.
- ethylenically unsaturated carboxylic acids are ⁇ , ⁇ -monoethylenically unsaturated mono- and dicarboxylic acids having 3 to 6 carbon atoms in the molecule. Examples of these are acrylic acid, methacrylic acid, itaconic acid, maleic acid, fumaric acid, crotonic acid, vinyl acetic acid and vinyl lactic acid.
- the at least one ethylenically unsaturated carboxylic acid is preferably selected from acrylic acid, methacrylic acid and itaconic acid.
- the ethylenically unsaturated carboxylic acids can be used in the polymerization in the form of the free acids or in a form partially or completely neutralized with suitable bases.
- Sodium hydroxide solution, potassium hydroxide solution and/or ammonia are preferably used as neutralizing agents.
- monoethylenically unsaturated monomers (d) are optionally used to modify the polymers. These are monomers different from the monomers of groups (a), (b) and (c), ie neither styrene, butadiene nor ethylenically unsaturated carboxylic acids.
- the monomer composition comprises one or more other monoethylenically unsaturated monomers (d) in an amount of 0.1 to 15 parts by weight, based on the total monomers.
- Preferred monomers (d) are acrylamide and/or methacrylamide (monomers (d1)).
- monoethylenically unsaturated monomers (d2) which differ from the monomers of groups (a), (b), (c) and (d1), ie are neither styrene, butadiene, acrylamide, methacrylamide nor ethylenically unsaturated carboxylic acids, can also be used become.
- Other monoethylenically unsaturated monomers (d2) are preferably selected from acrylonitrile, methacrylonitrile, N-methylolacrylamide, N-methylol (meth)acrylamide, vinyl esters of saturated Ci to Cis-carboxylic acids, preferably vinyl acetate, and esters of acrylic acid and methacrylic acid with monobasic Ci to Cis alcohols such as methyl acrylate, methyl methacrylate, ethyl acrylate, ethyl methacrylate, n-propyl acrylate, n-propyl methacrylate, isopropyl acrylate, isopropyl methacrylate, n-butyl acrylate, n-butyl methacrylate, isobutyl acrylate, isobutyl methacrylate, sec-butyl acrylate.
- the proportion of styrene is 40 to 75 parts by weight, preferably 45 to 70 parts by weight, more preferably 50 to 65 parts by weight based on 100 parts by weight of total monomers per se.
- the amount of butadiene is 24.9 to 59.9 parts by weight, preferably 29.9 to 54.9 parts by weight, based on 100 parts by weight of total monomers.
- the total amount of the monomers (c) is 0.1 to 10 parts by weight, preferably 0.1 to 8 parts by weight or 1 to 6 parts by weight, based on 100 parts by weight of total monomers.
- monomers (d) are present, their total amount (d1+d2) is up to 15 parts by weight, preferably 0.1 to 10 parts by weight, in particular 0.5 to 6 parts by weight, based on 100 parts by weight. parts total monomers.
- Polymerization is preferably carried out in an aqueous medium
- (d2) 0 to 10 parts by weight of one or more other monoethylenically unsaturated monomers, the parts by weight of the monomers (a) to (d), ie (d1) and if present (d2), being 100 parts by weight add up parts.
- the monomer (d1) is preferred, it is preferably used in an amount of from 0.3 to 5 parts by weight and in particular from 0.4 to 3 parts by weight, based on 100 parts by weight of total monomer.
- monomers (d2) are present, preferably acrylonitrile and/or methacrylonitrile, they are preferably used in an amount of up to 10 parts by weight, in particular up to 7 parts by weight and preferably at least 1, in particular at least 3 parts by weight used per 100 parts by weight of total monomer.
- (d2) 0 to 10 parts by weight of other monoethylenically unsaturated monomers, where the parts by weight of the monomers (a) to (d), ie (d1) and if present (d2), add up to 100 parts by weight (total amount of monomers), polymerized.
- (d2) 0 to 10 parts by weight of other monoethylenically unsaturated monomers, the parts by weight of the monomers (a) to (d) adding up to 100 parts by weight (total amount of monomers), polymerized.
- the emulsion polymerization takes place in an aqueous medium.
- This can be z. B. be completely desalinated water or mixtures of water and a miscible solvent such as methanol, ethanol, ethylene glycol, glycerol, sugar alcohols such as sorbitol or tetrahydrofuran. It is preferably water.
- the total amount of aqueous medium is such that the aqueous polymer dispersion obtained has a solids content of preferably >59% by weight, particularly preferably 59 to 65% by weight, in particular >60% by weight, based on the weight of the aqueous dispersion having.
- the process of the invention is a monomer feed process.
- monomer feed process means that the majority, usually at least 90 parts by weight, preferably at least 93 parts by weight, of the monomers to be polymerized are fed to the polymerization reaction under polymerization conditions.
- a subset of the monomers is initially taken before the start of the polymerization in the polymerization reactor (also referred to as a template).
- This can be one or more monomers of the monomer composition.
- the polymerization can be initiated in this template, which contains 1 to 10 parts by weight, preferably 1 to 7 parts by weight, of the total amount of monomers, and the monomers and emulator can then be metered in continuously. In particular, up to 5 parts by weight of the total monomer composition are initially taken and then the polymerization is initiated.
- Polymerization conditions are generally those amounts of free-radical initiator, temperatures and pressures under which the free-radically initiated aqueous emulsion polymerization does not come to a standstill.
- the polymerization depends on the type and amount of free-radical initiator used.
- the relationships between temperature and rate of decomposition are sufficiently known to those skilled in the art for the customary polymerization initiators or can be determined in routine experiments.
- the monomers and the emulsifier are continuously metered. In other words, the monomer metering and the emulsifier metering take place in a continuous stream, ie without interruption.
- the respective monomer is preferably metered in at a metering rate which deviates from the average value of the respective total feed of this monomer by no more than 30%, preferably no more than 20%.
- the dosing rate of the monomers approximately corresponds to the rate of polymerization of the monomers (decrease in monomers).
- the continuous dosing of the monomers of groups (a), (b), (c) and, if present, (d) starts at the same time.
- the monomers are metered in in a constant stream, preferably over a period of at least 100 minutes, particularly preferably over a period of 100 to 300 minutes, in particular over a period of 150 to 270 minutes (total metering time of the monomers).
- emulsifiers are to be understood as meaning emulsifying aids.
- emulsifying assistants which keep both the monomer droplets and polymer particles dispersed in the aqueous phase and thus ensure the stability of the aqueous polymer dispersion produced.
- emulsifiers customarily used for carrying out free-radical aqueous emulsion polymerizations.
- Suitable emulsifiers are surface-active substances whose number-average molecular weight is usually below 2000 g/mol or preferably below 1500 g/mol.
- Both anionic, cationic and nonionic emulsifiers are suitable as emulsifiers.
- the surface-active substances used are preferably emulsifiers whose relative molecular weights are usually below those of protective colloids.
- Suitable anionic emulsifiers are, for example, alkali metal and ammonium salts of alkyl sulfates (alkyl radical: C8-C22), of sulfuric acid semiesters of ethoxylated alkanols (EO degree: 2 to 50, alkyl radical: C12-C18) and ethoxylated alkylphenols (EO degree: 3 to 50, Alkyl radical: C4-C9), of alkylsulfonic acids (alkyl radical: C12-C18), of alkylarylsulfonic acids (alkyl radical: C9-C18) and of diesters of sulfosuccinic acid with C4-Ci8-alkanols.
- alkyl sulfates alkyl radical: C8-C22
- sulfuric acid semiesters of ethoxylated alkanols EO degree: 2 to 50, alkyl radical: C12-C18
- emulsifiers can be found in Houben-Weyl, Methods of Organic Chemistry, Volume XIV/1, Macromolecular Substances, Georg-Thieme-Verlag, Stuttgart, 1961, pp. 192-208).
- Bis(phenylsulfonic acid) ethers or their alkali metal or ammonium salts, which are attached to one or both, are also anionic emulsifiers aromatic rings carry a C4-C24-alkyl group, suitable.
- These compounds are well known, e.g. e.g. US-A-4,269,749, and commercially available, for example as Dowfax® 2A1 (Dow Chemical Company).
- Suitable nonionic emulsifiers are araliphatic or aliphatic nonionic emulsifiers, for example ethoxylated mono-, di- and trialkylphenols (EO degree: 3 to 50, alkyl radical: C4-C10), ethoxylates of long-chain alcohols (EO degree: 3 to 100, alkyl radical: Cs -C e) and polyethylene oxide/polypropylene oxide homo- and copolymers. These can contain the alkylene oxide units distributed randomly or in the form of blocks as polymerized units. Well suited are z. B. EO/PO block copolymers.
- ethoxylates of long-chain alkanols alkyl radical C1-C30, average degree of ethoxylation 5 to 100
- alkyl radical C1-C30, average degree of ethoxylation 5 to 100 alkyl radical C1-C30, average degree of ethoxylation 5 to 100
- ethoxylates of long-chain alkanols alkyl radical C1-C30, average degree of ethoxylation 5 to 100
- ethoxylates of long-chain alkanols alkyl radical C1-C30, average degree of ethoxylation 5 to 100
- At least one anionic and/or at least one nonionic emulsifier is preferably used.
- the emulsifier is preferably selected from alkali metal and ammonium salts of C8-C22-alkyl sulfates and of sulfuric acid half-esters of ethoxylated alkanols (EO degree: 2 to 40, alkyl radical: C12-C18) and of sulfuric acid half-esters of ethoxylated alkylphenols (EO degree: 10 to 40, alkyl radical: C4-C9), and bis(phenylsulfonic acid) ethers or their alkali metal or ammonium salts which carry a C4-C24-alkyl group on one or both aromatic rings.
- alkali metal and ammonium salts of C8-C22-alkyl sulfates and of sulfuric acid half-esters of ethoxylated alkanols EO degree: 2 to 40, alkyl radical: C12-C18
- sulfuric acid half-esters of ethoxylated alkylphenols EO degree
- a mixture of emulsifiers each in the form of their alkali metal and ammonium salts, in particular a mixture of alkyl sulfates (alkyl radical: C8-C22) with sulfuric half esters of alkanols ethoxylated (EO grade: 2 to 40, alkyl radical: C12-C18) or with sulfuric acid monoesters of ethoxylated alkylphenols (EO degree: 10 to 40, alkyl group: C4-C9) or with 2-ethylhexyl sulfosuccinate, or a mixture of alkali metal and ammonium salts of alkyl sulfates with bis(phenylsulfonic acid) ether or their alkali metal or ammonium salts which carry a C4-C24-alkyl group on one or both aromatic rings (e.g. Dowfax 2A1 from Dow Chemical Company).
- alkyl sulfates alkyl radical: C8-C22
- An emulsifier mixture of sodium lauryl sulphate and ethoxylated sodium lauryl ether sulphate and a mixture of sodium lauryl sulphate and Dowfax® 2A1 is particularly preferably selected.
- the continuous dosing of emulsifier and monomer can take place in separate streams. However, it is advantageous to meter in at least one emulsifier and at least one monomer together as a mixture. Preferably 0.1 to 5 parts by weight, preferably 0.2 to 2.0 parts by weight, of emulsifier based on 100 parts by weight of monomers in a mixture with at least one monomer are metered in continuously. Emulsifiers are preferably metered in at a metering rate that deviates from the average value of the respective total feed by no more than 30%, preferably no more than 20%.
- the metering rate of the emulsifier is increased to 10 to 150 times the average metering rate for a maximum period of 30 minutes of the emulsifier of period P1 increased.
- the period P1 starts at the beginning of the continuous metering of the monomers, i.e.
- the “period of increased dosage” following period P1 is also referred to below as “P2”.
- the duration of the period P2 is preferably up to 25 minutes, in particular 5 to 20 minutes. Due to the increased dosing rate during period P2, this additional emulsifier dosing is also referred to as an "emulsifier shot”.
- Period P2 is followed by a period P3 in which the dosing rate of the emulsifier can deviate up to 20% from the dosing rate of the emulsifier of period P1 up or down.
- the metering rate of the emulsifier is increased 10 to 150 times for a maximum period of 30 minutes the average dosing rate of the emulsifier of the period P1 increased.
- the "period of the increased dosage" following the period P3 is also referred to below as "P4".
- Period P4 is followed by a period P5 in which the dosing rate of the emulsifier can deviate up to 20% from the dosing rate of the emulsifier of period P1 up or down.
- the dosing rate of the emulsifier is preferably 20 to 90 times the average dosing rate of the emulsifier in period P1.
- the emulsifier used during periods P1, P3 and P5 or the emulsifier mixture used is usually the same.
- the emulsifier of period P2 as well as period P4 can be the same emulsifier as in period P1. If a mixture is used in period P1, only the amount of one of the emulsifiers can be increased in period P2 or P4. A mixture of the is preferred in the period P2 and in the period P4
- emulsifiers from period P1 are used with a different quantity ratio, for example by adding only one of two emulsifiers as an "emulsifier shot".
- a monomer/emulsifier mixture is metered continuously over the entire feed, ie periods P1 to P5, and the metering rate of one of the emulsifiers of the mixture is additionally increased in periods P2 and P4.
- An anionic emulsifier is preferably selected independently of one another as the emulsifier in period P2 and P4, in particular selected from lauryl sulfate, sulfuric acid monoesters of ethoxylated alkanols and arylsulfonate.
- Example 1 the polymerization is initiated in the receiver with 3 parts by weight of the total amount of monomer and then the continuous metering in of a mixture of monomer and emulsifier is started.
- the total amount of all monomers, including the monomers from the template is 100 parts by weight (also referred to as the total amount of monomers in the context of this application). 97 parts by weight are thus metered in continuously (amount of monomer to be metered in).
- the total duration of the monomer metering is 240 minutes.
- the dosage of the emulsifier during the first "emulsifier shot” is 0.68 parts by weight over a period of 12 minutes, ie a dosage rate of 0.056 parts by weight/min. With this, 0.0603 parts by weight/per minute are dosed during the emulsifier shot and the dosing rate is therefore 13 times (rounded, exactly: 13.8 times) the average dosing rate of the emulsifier.
- the beginning of the second “emulsifier shot” is analogous after 200 minutes and thus after 83% of the total dosing time of the monomers and after 86% of the amount of monomer to be dosed has been dosed.
- the metering of the emulsifier during the second "emulsifier shot” is 0.5 parts by weight over a period of 1 minute, ie a metering rate of 0.5 parts by weight/min.
- a metering rate of 0.5 parts by weight/min.
- 0.556 parts by weight/per minute are metered in and the metering rate is 127 times the average metering rate of the emulsifier.
- the emulsifier concentration present in the polymerization mixture is assumed to be below the critical micelle concentration during period P1 and above the critical micelle concentration during periods P2 and P4. According to this theory new micelles would form in periods P2 and P4 and further particle growth would start. In this respect, a particle size distribution with three maxima would be expected due to the twice increased addition of emulsifier. However, since the second addition takes place at a relatively late point in time in relation to the amount of monomer to be metered in, the third population is probably not very pronounced, so that in some cases only two maxima are observed when determining using the analytical ultracentrifuge (AUZ).
- AUZ analytical ultracentrifuge
- free-radical initiators also referred to as free-radical polymerization initiators
- free-radical polymerization initiators ie initiators which form free radicals under the reaction conditions. It can be either peroxides or azo compounds.
- redox initiator systems also come into consideration.
- inorganic peroxides and/or organic peroxides can be used as peroxides.
- suitable inorganic peroxides are hydrogen peroxide and peroxodisulfates, such as the mono- or di-alkali metal or ammonium salts of peroxodisulfuric acid, for example its mono- and di-sodium, potassium or ammonium salts.
- organic peroxides examples include alkyl hydroperoxides such as tert-butyl hydroperoxide, aryl hydroperoxides such as p-menthyl or cumene hydroperoxide, and dialkyl or diaryl peroxides such as di-tert-butyl, dibenzoyl or dicumene peroxide.
- alkyl hydroperoxides such as tert-butyl hydroperoxide
- aryl hydroperoxides such as p-menthyl or cumene hydroperoxide
- dialkyl or diaryl peroxides such as di-tert-butyl, dibenzoyl or dicumene peroxide.
- Redox initiator systems are combined systems composed of at least one organic or inorganic reducing agent and at least one peroxide.
- the peroxides mentioned above are essentially suitable as oxidizing agents for redox initiator systems.
- Suitable reducing agents can be sulfur compounds with a low oxidation state, such as alkali metal sulfites, for example potassium and/or sodium sulfite, alkali metal hydrogen sulfite, for example potassium and/or sodium hydrogen sulfite, alkali metal metabisulfite, for example potassium and/or sodium metabisulfite, acetone bisulfite, formaldehyde sulfoxylate, for example potassium and/or Sodium formaldehyde sulfoxylate, alkali metal salts, especially potassium and/or sodium salts of aliphatic sulfinic acids and alkali metal hydrosulfides, such as potassium and/or sodium hydrosulfide, salts of polyvalent metals, such as iron(II)
- Preferred radical initiators are inorganic and organic peroxides, preferably ammonium or alkali metal salts of peroxosulfates or peroxodisulfates, and tert-butyl, p-mentyl and cumyl hydroperoxide, in particular selected from sodium and potassium peroxodisulfate, tert-butyl hydroperoxide and cumyl hydroperoxide.
- Particular preference is given to using both at least one inorganic peroxide, preferably peroxodisulfate, in particular sodium peroxodisulfate, and an organic peroxide, preferably alkyl hydroperoxide, in particular t-butyl hydroperoxide.
- the polymerization generally takes place using 0.1 to 5 parts by weight of the free-radical initiator, preferably 0.5 to 4 parts by weight of the free-radical initiator, preferably at least one inorganic and/or organic peroxide, based on 100 parts by weight. parts total monomers.
- Initiation of the polymerization reaction is understood as meaning the start of the polymerization reaction of the monomers present in the polymerization vessel by decomposition of the free-radical initiator.
- the polymerization starts, for example, when the polymerization mixture contains monomers and inorganic peroxide and reaches a temperature in the range from >80°C to ⁇ 95°C.
- an aqueous mixture is first prepared which contains a portion of protective colloid and/or an emulsifier in dissolved form, a portion of monomer and the seed latex.
- This mixture is heated to a temperature above the decomposition temperature of the free-radical initiator and a portion of the free-radical initiator is metered in.
- Metering of the monomers begins after a period of 1 to 15 minutes, preferably 1 to 10 minutes, after addition of the free-radical initiator.
- a further portion of the free-radical initiator preferably inorganic peroxide, is metered in at the same time as the monomers.
- reaction components are initially introduced, the metering/polymerization and the after-reaction in the reaction vessel are carried out under an inert gas atmosphere, for example under a nitrogen or argon atmosphere.
- Preferred polymerization conditions are a temperature in the range from >80°C to ⁇ 115°C, preferably >85°C to ⁇ 110°C, in particular >90°C to ⁇ 105°C.
- the conjugated aliphatic diene is generally metered in at elevated pressure.
- the conjugated aliphatic diene is preferably metered in at a pressure in the range from 5 to 15 bar.
- the increased pressure means that, for example, the 1,3-butadiene, which is gaseous at atmospheric pressure and room temperature, is largely present in the polymerization mixture.
- the polymerization can be carried out in the presence of a degraded starch.
- the polymerization takes place in the presence of a degraded starch, preferably in the presence of 15 to 100 parts by weight of a degraded starch based on 100 parts by weight of total monomers.
- degraded starches are generally known and are described, for example, in WO2020/249406 on pages 15 to 16, line 2.
- Degraded native starches in particular native starches degraded to maltodextrin, are preferred.
- Degraded starches with an intrinsic viscosity qi of ⁇ 0.07 dl/g or ⁇ 0.05 dl/g are preferred.
- the intrinsic viscosity qi of the degraded starches is preferably in the range from 0.02 to 0.06 dl/g.
- the intrinsic viscosity qi is determined according to DIN EN1628 at a temperature of 23 °C.
- no degraded starch is present during the polymerization.
- the polymerization is carried out in the presence of a seed latex--also referred to as a seed polymer.
- a seed latex usually understands a seed latex to be a polymer dispersion whose seed particles act as centers of particle formation in the polymerization process.
- an aqueous polymer dispersion with a weight-average particle size D w 50 in the range from 20 to 60 nm and a ratio D w 50 /D n 50 ⁇ 2 is used as the seed latex.
- weight-average particle diameter means the weight-average D w 50 value determined using the analytical ultracentrifuge method
- number-average particle diameter means the number-average DN50 value determined using the same method
- Narrow particle size distribution is to be understood in the context of this document if the ratio of the weight-average particle diameter D w 50 determined by the analytical ultracentrifuge method and the number-average particle diameter DN50 [D W 50 / DN50] is less than or equal to 2.0, preferably less than or equal to 1 5 and particularly preferably less than or equal to 1.2 or less than or equal to 1.1.
- the preparation of a seed latex is known to those skilled in the art and generally takes place in the presence of a large amount of emulsifier, which results in small particle sizes and a narrow particle size distribution. It is generally observed that polymerizations carried out in the presence of such an exogenous seed latex - as opposed to an in situ seed latex - are characterized by uniform particle growth. As the name suggests, the seed latex is usually used in the form of an aqueous dispersion.
- the seed latex is preferably a styrene polymer and/or methyl methacrylate polymer with a glass transition temperature >50 °C, >60 °C, >70 °C, >80 °C or >90 °C, measured according to DIN EN ISO 11357-2 (2013-09 ). Preference is given to using from 0.01 to 2 parts by weight, in particular from 0.02 to 1 part by weight, of seed latex (calculated as solids), based on total monomers.
- the polymerization is preferably initiated in a receiver which contains up to 2 parts by weight of an aqueous dispersion of a polystyrene seed latex, based on 100 parts by weight of total monomers, and the monomers and emulator are then metered in continuously.
- the emulsion polymerization can optionally be carried out in the presence of at least one chain transfer agent. They are usually used in order to reduce or control the molecular weight of the polymers obtainable by free-radical aqueous emulsion polymerization.
- Free-radical chain-transferring compounds can be used to adjust the weight-average molecular weights of the polymers formed.
- Essentially aliphatic and / or araliphatic halogen compounds such as n-butyl chloride, n-butyl bromide, n-butyl iodide, methylene chloride, ethylene dichloride, chloroform, bromoform, bromotrichloromethane, dibromodichloromethane, carbon tetrachloride, carbon tetrabromide, benzyl chloride, benzyl bromide, organic thio compounds, such as primary , Secondary or tertiary aliphatic thiols, such as ethanethiol, n-propanethiol, 2-propanethiol, n-butanethiol, 2-butanethiol, 2-methyl-2-propanethiol, n-pentanethio
- the amount used in each case is, for example, from 0.01 to 5, preferably from 0.1 to 3, parts by weight, based on 100 parts by weight of the monomers used in the polymerization.
- the total amount of the free-radical chain regulator can be initially taken in the aqueous reaction medium before the polymerization reaction is initiated.
- post-polymerization i.e. a polymerization
- Such a post-polymerization can be carried out at the same, lower or else higher temperature than the main polymerization.
- 0.1 to 1.5 parts by weight, based on 100 parts by weight of the monomers used in the polymerization, of inorganic peroxide, preferably sodium peroxodisulfate, are metered in as initiator and the polymerization temperature is set to a temperature in range from 80 to 120 °C.
- the pH can be, for example, 1 to 5 during the polymerization. After the end of the polymerization with a conversion of >95%, the pH is adjusted to a value between 6 and 7, for example.
- Chemical deodorization can also be carried out. If traces of residual monomers are to be removed, this can also be done chemically by using the abovementioned redox initiator systems and systems such as those listed in DE-A 44 35 423, DE-A 44 19 518 and DE-A 44 35 422, take place.
- aqueous polymer dispersions largely free of odoriferous substances such as residual monomers and other volatile organic components, which is also referred to as physical deodorization.
- This can be achieved physically in a manner known per se by removal by distillation (in particular by steam distillation) or by stripping with an inert gas.
- the present invention also relates to the dispersions obtainable by the process according to the invention which have a solids content of >58% by weight and a Brookfield viscosity of ⁇ 1000 mPas at 100 rpm measured with spindle 3 at 23°C.
- the amount of coagulum is in the ppm range and is preferably less than 2000 ppm, in particular less than 1000 ppm.
- the polymer dispersions according to the invention preferably have a solids content of >59% by weight, particularly preferably >60% by weight, preferably in the range from 59 to 65% by weight, based on the weight of the aqueous polymer dispersion.
- the polymer dispersions obtained according to the invention have a multimodal particle size distribution measured by means of AUZ.
- the particle size distributions overlap in such a way that there is a very broad particle size distribution curve without recognizable maxima (broad Gaussian distribution curve), so that these are also regarded as a multimodal polymer dispersion.
- the aqueous polymer dispersions according to the invention are used as binders, adhesives, sizing agents for fibers, for the production of coatings or for the production of paper coating slips.
- the aqueous polymer dispersions according to the invention are suitable both for sizing textile fibers and for sizing mineral fibers, in particular glass fibers. Due to their good adhesive strength, especially when using comonomers, which lead to a low glass transition temperature of the copolymer (e.g. less than 20° C.), they can also be used as an adhesive, for example for the production of laminates and for the production of coatings such as for example use barrier coatings.
- the aqueous polymer dispersions according to the invention are preferably used as binders in paper coating slips.
- a subject of the invention is therefore also a paper coating slip containing (i) inorganic pigment and
- paper coating slips In addition to water, paper coating slips generally contain pigments, binders and auxiliaries for setting the required rheological properties, e.g. B. Thickener.
- the pigments are usually dispersed in water.
- the paper coating slip contains pigments in an amount of preferably at least 80% by weight, e.g. B. 80 to 95% by weight or 80 to 90% by weight based on the total solids content.
- White pigments are particularly suitable. Suitable pigments are, for example, metal salt pigments such as calcium sulphate, calcium aluminate sulphate, barium sulphate, magnesium carbonate and calcium carbonate, of which carbonate pigments, in particular calcium carbonate, are preferred.
- the calcium carbonate may be natural ground calcium carbonate (GCC), precipitated calcium carbonate (PCC), lime or chalk.
- Suitable calcium carbonate pigments are available, for example, as Covercarb® 60, Hydrocarb® 60 or Hydrocarb® 90 ME.
- Other suitable pigments are, for example, silicic acids, aluminum oxides, aluminum hydrate, silicates, titanium dioxide, zinc oxide, kaolin, alumina, talc or silicon dioxide.
- Other suitable pigments are available, for example, as Capim® MP 50 (clay), Hydragloss® 90 (clay) or Talcum C10.
- the paper coating slip contains the polymer dispersion produced according to the invention as the sole binder or in combination with another binder.
- the most important tasks of binders in paper coating slips are to bind the pigments to the paper and the pigments to each other and to partially fill in cavities between pigment particles.
- a paper coating slip which contains the polymers of the aqueous polymer dispersion in an amount of 1 to 50 parts by weight, based on the total amount of pigments, and pigments in an amount of 80 to 95 parts by weight, based on the total solids content, and an auxiliary , and their pigment are selected from the group consisting of calcium sulfate, calcium aluminate sulfate, barium sulfate, magnesium carbonate, calcium carbonate, silicic acids, aluminum oxides, aluminum hydrate, silicates, titanium dioxide, zinc oxide, kaolin, clay, talc and silicon dioxide and their auxiliary is selected from the group consisting of Thickeners, other polymeric binders, co-binders, optical brighteners, fillers, flow control agents, dispersants, surfactants, lubricants, neutralizing agents, defoamers, deaerating agents, preservatives and dyes.
- binders are binders on a natural basis, in particular binders based on starch, and synthetic binders which differ from the polymers produced according to the invention, in particular emulsion polymers which can be produced by emulsion polymerization.
- starch-based binders should be understood as meaning any native, modified or degraded starch.
- Native starches can consist of amylose, amylopectin or mixtures thereof.
- Modified starches can be oxidized starches, starch esters or starch ethers. The molecular weight of the starch can be reduced by hydrolysis (degraded starch). Oligosaccharides or dextrins come into consideration as decomposition products.
- Preferred starches are corn, corn and potato starch. Cereal and corn starch are particularly preferred, and corn starch is very particularly preferred.
- aqueous paper coating slip it is preferably an aqueous paper coating slip; it already contains water, in particular as a result of the preparation form of the components (aqueous polymer dispersions, aqueous pigment slurries); the desired viscosity can be adjusted by adding more water. Usual solids contents of the paper coating slips are in the range from 30 to 80% by weight.
- the pH of the paper coating slip is preferably adjusted to values of 6 to 11, in particular 7 to 10.
- the invention also relates to paper or cardboard coated with a paper coating composition according to the invention, and to a process for coating paper or cardboard, an aqueous polymer dispersion being produced according to the invention; and a paper coating slip is produced with this polymer dispersion, at least one pigment and optional further auxiliaries; and the paper coating slip is applied to at least one surface of paper or board.
- the paper coating slip is preferably applied to uncoated raw paper or uncoated cardboard.
- the amount is generally 1 to 50 g, preferably 5 to 30 g (solid, ie without water or other solvents that are liquid at 21° C., 1 bar) per square meter.
- the coating can be carried out by customary application methods, for example by means of a size press, film press, blade coater, air knife, knife, curtain coating method (curtain coating) or spray coater.
- aqueous dispersions of the water-soluble copolymers can be used in paper coating slips for the base coat and/or for the top coat.
- the paper coating slips according to the invention have good performance properties. They run well in paper coating processes and have high binding power.
- the coated papers and boards have good surface strength, in particular very high wet and dry pick resistance. They are readily printable in the customary printing processes, such as relief printing, gravure printing, offset printing, digital printing, inkjet printing, flexographic printing, newspaper printing, letterpress printing, sublimation printing, laser printing, electrophotographic printing or a combination of these printing processes.
- the particle size of the particles of the polymer dispersion and the particle size distribution were determined using an analytical ultracentrifuge (AUZ) with turbidity optics and Mie correction for transmitted intensities per size. All components from 30 nm to 5 pm in diameter are measured with turbidity detection.
- AUZ analytical ultracentrifuge
- the weight fraction of a particle population results directly from the integral from the measurement.
- Solids contents of the polymer dispersions were determined by distributing 0.5 to 1.5 g of the polymer dispersion in a metal lid with a diameter of 4 cm and then drying it in a forced-air drying cabinet at 140° C. for 30 minutes. The ratio of the mass of the sample after drying under the above conditions to the mass when the sample was taken gives the solids content of the polymer dispersion.
- Emulsifier A sodium lauryl sulfate in the form of a 15% by weight solution (Disponil® SDS from BASF)
- Emulsifier B ethoxylated sodium lauryl ether sulfate in the form of a 28% by weight solution
- EDTA in the form of a 2% by weight solution (Trilon® BX from BASF)
- Seed latex polystyrene seed in the form of a 29.7% by weight dispersion with approx. 30 nm
- Initiator A 7% by weight solution of sodium peroxodisulphate (NaPS)
- Initiator B 10% by weight solution of tert-butyl hydroperoxide
- Reducing agent 13% by weight solution of acetone bisulfite
- Example 1 Emulsion polymerization of styrene/butadiene/acrylic acid/acrylamide (57.7/38.4/3.11/0.75) - according to the invention
- Feed 5 (emulsifier shot - over 12 min):
- Feed 6 (emulsifier shot - over 1 min):
- the components of the template were placed and mixed in a 6 l pressure reactor.
- the template was heated to 95°C.
- Initiator A (Feed 1) was added over 5 minutes and the polymerization started and the polymerization mixture was stirred for a further 3 minutes.
- Feeds 1, 2, 3 and 4 were started immediately afterwards (time: 0 minutes) and the temperature was increased continuously to 105° C. over a period of 30 minutes. Feeds 1, 2, 3 and 4 were made over a period of 4 hours. Feed 5 was started 2 hours and 9 minutes after the start of feeds 1, 2, 3 and 4 (time: 2 hours and 9 minutes) and took place over 12 minutes. Feed 6 was started 3 hours and 20 minutes after the start of feeds 1, 2, 3 and 4 (time: 3 hours and 20 minutes) and took place over 1 minute.
- Emulsion polymerization with the two "emulsifier shots” resulted in a low-viscosity dispersion with a high solids content.
- the solids content of the dispersion was 60% by weight.
- the dispersion had a viscosity of 590 mPas (spindle 3, 100 rpm).
- the polymer dispersion was examined using an analytical ultracentrifuge and showed a bimodal particle size distribution:
- the particle population of the "small” particles had its peak maximum at 155 nm.
- the proportion of the total polymer was 57% by weight.
- the particle population of the "large” particles had its peak maximum at 187 nm.
- the proportion of the total polymer was 43% by weight
- Example 2 Emulsion polymerization of styrene/butadiene/acrylic acid/acrylamide (63.74/32.40/3.11/0.75) - according to the invention
- Feed 5 (emulsifier shot - over 12 min):
- Feed 6 (emulsifier shot - over 6 min):
- the components of the template were placed and mixed in a 6 l pressure reactor.
- the template was heated to 95°C.
- Initiator A (Feed 1) was added over 5 minutes and the polymerization started and the polymerization mixture was stirred for a further 3 minutes.
- feeds 1, 2, 3 and 4 were started (time: 0 minutes) and the temperature was increased continuously to 105° C. over 30 minutes.
- the feeds 1, 2, 3 and 4 took place over a period of 4 hours.
- Feed 5 was started after 1 hour and 49 minutes after the start of feeds 1, 2, 3 and 4 (time: 1 hour and 49 minutes) and took place over 12 minutes.
- Feed 6 was started 2 hours and 25 minutes after the start of feeds 1, 2, 3 and 4 (time: 2 hours and 25 minutes) and took place over 6 minutes.
- Feeds 2, 3 and 4 were each metered in as follows:
- a total of 7% of the monomers to be metered in were metered in over the first 20 minutes, with the metering rate increasing linearly.
- a total of 42.7% of the monomers to be metered in were metered in at a constant metering rate over the following 80 minutes.
- a total of 50.3% of the monomers to be metered in were metered in over the following 140 minutes, with the metering rate dropping linearly. The proportions of the monomers among one another remained unchanged.
- the polymerization mixture was stirred for a further 30 minutes.
- the polymerization mixture was then cooled to a temperature of 100° C. and then 285.5 ml of water (11.89 pphm) were added and the pH was neutralized to 5.5 with a 15% strength by weight sodium hydroxide solution.
- Feeds 7, 8 and 9 were then started. Feeds 7 and 8 took a further 90 minutes. The feed 9 took place over 15 minutes. After the end of feeds 7 and 8, the polymerization mixture was cooled to room temperature.
- Emulsion polymerization with the two "emulsifier shots” resulted in a low-viscosity dispersion with a high solids content.
- the solids content of the dispersion was 60% by weight.
- the dispersion had a viscosity of 677 mPas at pH 5.5 (spindle 3, 100 rpm)
- the polymer dispersion was examined using an analytical ultracentrifuge and showed a multimodal particle size distribution:
- the particle population of the "small” particles had its peak maximum at 30 nm.
- the proportion of the total polymer was 17% by weight.
- the particle population of the "medium-sized” particles had its peak maximum at 135 nm
- the particle population of the "large” particles had their peak maximum at 170 nm.
- the proportion of the total polymer was 50% by weight.
- Feed 5 (emulsifier shot - over 12 min):
- Feed 6 (emulsifier shot - over 6 min):
- the components of the template were placed and mixed in a 6 l pressure reactor.
- the template was heated to 95°C.
- Initiator A (Feed 1) was added over 5 minutes and the polymerization started and the polymerization mixture was stirred for a further 3 minutes.
- Feeds 1, 2, 3 and 4 were started immediately afterwards (time: 0 minutes) and the temperature was increased continuously to 105° C. over a period of 30 minutes. The feeds 1, 2, 3 and 4 took place over a period of 4 hours. Feed 5 was started after 1 hour and 49 minutes after the start of feeds 1, 2, 3 and 4 (time: 1 hour and 49 minutes) and took place over 12 minutes. Feed 6 was started after 3 hours and 20 minutes after the start of feeds 1, 2, 3 and 4 (time: 3 hours and 20 minutes) and took place over 6 minutes.
- Feeds 2, 3 and 4 were metered in as follows:
- a total of 7% of the monomers to be metered in were metered in over the first 20 minutes, with the metering rate increasing linearly.
- a total of 42.7% of the monomers to be metered in were metered in at a constant metering rate over the subsequent 80 minutes.
- a total of 50.3% of the monomers to be metered in were metered in over the subsequent 140 minutes, with the metering rate dropping linearly.
- the proportions of the monomers among one another remained unchanged.
- the polymerization mixture was stirred for a further 30 minutes. The polymerization mixture was then cooled to a temperature of 100° C.
- Emulsion polymerization with the two "emulsifier shots” resulted in a low-viscosity dispersion with a high solids content.
- the solids content of the dispersion was 60% by weight.
- the dispersion had a viscosity of 412 mPas (spindle 3, 100 rpm).
- the polymer dispersion was examined using an analytical ultracentrifuge and showed a multimodal particle size distribution:
- the particle population of the "small” particles had its peak maximum at 30 nm.
- the proportion of the total polymer was 20% by weight.
- the particle population of the "medium-sized” particles had its peak maximum at 140 nm.
- the proportion of the total polymer was 43% by weight.
- the particle population of the "large” particles had its peak maximum at 165 nm.
- the proportion of the total polymer was 37% by weight.
- Example 4 Emulsion polymerization of styrene/butadiene/methacrylic acid/acrylamide (57.74/38.4/3.11/0.75) - according to the invention
- the solids content of the dispersion was 60% by weight.
- the dispersion had a viscosity of 360 mPas at pH 5.5.
- the polymer dispersion was examined using an analytical ultracentrifuge and showed a multimodal particle size distribution:
- the particle population of the "small” particles had its peak maximum at 40 nm.
- the proportion of the total polymer was 23% by weight.
- the particle population of the "medium-sized” particles had its peak maximum at 162 nm.
- the proportion of the total polymer was 40% by weight.
- Example 5 Emulsion Polymerization of Styrene/Butadiene/Acrylic Acid (57.6/38.4/4)
- Feed 5 (emulsifier shot - over 12 min):
- the components of the template were placed and mixed in a 6 l pressure reactor.
- the template was heated to 95°C.
- Initiator A (Feed 1) was added over 5 minutes and the polymerization started and the polymerization mixture was stirred for a further 3 minutes.
- Feeds 1, 2, 3 and 4 were started immediately afterwards (time: 0 minutes) and the temperature was increased continuously to 105° C. over a period of 30 minutes. The feeds 1, 2, 3 and 4 took place over a period of 4 hours. Feed 5 was started 2 hours and 36 minutes after the start of feeds 1, 2, 3 and 4 (time: 2 hours and 36 minutes) and took place over 12 minutes. After the metering in of feeds 1, 2, 3 and 4 had ended, the polymerization mixture was stirred for a further 30 minutes. The polymerization mixture was then cooled to a temperature of 95° C. and then 343.92 ml of water (14.33 pphm) were metered in and neutralized to a pH of 5.5 with a 15% strength by weight sodium hydroxide solution.
- Feeds 7, 8 and 9 were then started. Feeds 7 and 8 took a further 90 minutes. The feed 9 took place over 15 minutes. After the end of feeds 7 and 8, the polymerization mixture was cooled to room temperature.
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Abstract
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| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| EP22156655 | 2022-02-14 | ||
| PCT/EP2023/052823 WO2023152084A1 (de) | 2022-02-14 | 2023-02-06 | Verfahren zur herstellung einer wässrigen polymerdispersion aus vinylaromatischer verbindung und konjugiertem aliphatischen dien |
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| US (1) | US20250146225A1 (de) |
| EP (1) | EP4479447B1 (de) |
| CN (1) | CN118696069A (de) |
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| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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| US4269749A (en) | 1979-04-30 | 1981-05-26 | The Dow Chemical Company | Method of imparting salt and/or mechanical stability to aqueous polymer microsuspensions |
| CA1195038A (en) | 1983-04-25 | 1985-10-08 | Polysar Limited | Carboxylated latex |
| US4474860A (en) | 1983-05-16 | 1984-10-02 | The Dow Chemical Company | High solids latexes for paper coatings |
| US4567099A (en) | 1984-12-21 | 1986-01-28 | The Dow Chemical Company | High solids latexes for paper coatings |
| DE4419518A1 (de) | 1994-06-03 | 1995-12-07 | Basf Ag | Verfahren zur Herstellung einer wäßrigen Polymerisatdispersion |
| DE4435423A1 (de) | 1994-10-04 | 1996-04-11 | Basf Ag | Verfahren zur Herstellung einer wäßrigen Polymerisatdispersion |
| DE4435422A1 (de) | 1994-10-04 | 1996-04-18 | Basf Ag | Verfahren zur Herstellung einer wäßrigen Polymerisatdispersion |
| CA2179681A1 (en) | 1995-07-05 | 1997-01-06 | Peter C. Hayes | Bimodal latex binder |
| DE60231374D1 (de) * | 2001-01-17 | 2009-04-16 | Dow Global Technologies Inc | Wässrige bimodale kunststoffdispersionen |
| DE10300460A1 (de) * | 2003-01-07 | 2004-07-15 | Basf Ag | Verfahren zur Herstellung stabiler wässriger Polymerisatdispersionen auf Basis von konjugierten aliphatischen Dienen und vinylaromatischen Verbindungen |
| WO2009047233A1 (de) * | 2007-10-08 | 2009-04-16 | Basf Se | Wässrige polymerdispersionen auf basis von copolymerisaten aus vinylaromaten und konjugierten aliphatischen dienen, verfahren zu ihrer herstellung und ihre verwendung |
| CN109180847A (zh) * | 2018-08-21 | 2019-01-11 | 济宁明升新材料有限公司 | 一种小粒径羧基丁苯胶乳的制备方法 |
| US12365745B2 (en) * | 2019-06-12 | 2025-07-22 | Basf Se | Method for producing an aqueous polymer dispersion from a vinyl aromatic compound and a conjugated aliphatic diene |
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- 2023-02-06 EP EP23702834.5A patent/EP4479447B1/de active Active
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| US20250146225A1 (en) | 2025-05-08 |
| EP4479447B1 (de) | 2025-10-22 |
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