EP4470075A1 - Verfahren und lasersystem zum erzeugen von ultrakurzen laserpulsen mit stabilen pulsparametern - Google Patents
Verfahren und lasersystem zum erzeugen von ultrakurzen laserpulsen mit stabilen pulsparameternInfo
- Publication number
- EP4470075A1 EP4470075A1 EP22822083.6A EP22822083A EP4470075A1 EP 4470075 A1 EP4470075 A1 EP 4470075A1 EP 22822083 A EP22822083 A EP 22822083A EP 4470075 A1 EP4470075 A1 EP 4470075A1
- Authority
- EP
- European Patent Office
- Prior art keywords
- pulse
- laser
- component
- laser pulses
- output
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Pending
Links
Classifications
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01S—DEVICES USING THE PROCESS OF LIGHT AMPLIFICATION BY STIMULATED EMISSION OF RADIATION [LASER] TO AMPLIFY OR GENERATE LIGHT; DEVICES USING STIMULATED EMISSION OF ELECTROMAGNETIC RADIATION IN WAVE RANGES OTHER THAN OPTICAL
- H01S3/00—Lasers, i.e. devices using stimulated emission of electromagnetic radiation in the infrared, visible or ultraviolet wave range
- H01S3/005—Optical devices external to the laser cavity, specially adapted for lasers, e.g. for homogenisation of the beam or for manipulating laser pulses, e.g. pulse shaping
- H01S3/0057—Temporal shaping, e.g. pulse compression, frequency chirping
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01S—DEVICES USING THE PROCESS OF LIGHT AMPLIFICATION BY STIMULATED EMISSION OF RADIATION [LASER] TO AMPLIFY OR GENERATE LIGHT; DEVICES USING STIMULATED EMISSION OF ELECTROMAGNETIC RADIATION IN WAVE RANGES OTHER THAN OPTICAL
- H01S3/00—Lasers, i.e. devices using stimulated emission of electromagnetic radiation in the infrared, visible or ultraviolet wave range
- H01S3/005—Optical devices external to the laser cavity, specially adapted for lasers, e.g. for homogenisation of the beam or for manipulating laser pulses, e.g. pulse shaping
- H01S3/0085—Modulating the output, i.e. the laser beam is modulated outside the laser cavity
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01S—DEVICES USING THE PROCESS OF LIGHT AMPLIFICATION BY STIMULATED EMISSION OF RADIATION [LASER] TO AMPLIFY OR GENERATE LIGHT; DEVICES USING STIMULATED EMISSION OF ELECTROMAGNETIC RADIATION IN WAVE RANGES OTHER THAN OPTICAL
- H01S3/00—Lasers, i.e. devices using stimulated emission of electromagnetic radiation in the infrared, visible or ultraviolet wave range
- H01S3/005—Optical devices external to the laser cavity, specially adapted for lasers, e.g. for homogenisation of the beam or for manipulating laser pulses, e.g. pulse shaping
- H01S3/0092—Nonlinear frequency conversion, e.g. second harmonic generation [SHG] or sum- or difference-frequency generation outside the laser cavity
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01S—DEVICES USING THE PROCESS OF LIGHT AMPLIFICATION BY STIMULATED EMISSION OF RADIATION [LASER] TO AMPLIFY OR GENERATE LIGHT; DEVICES USING STIMULATED EMISSION OF ELECTROMAGNETIC RADIATION IN WAVE RANGES OTHER THAN OPTICAL
- H01S3/00—Lasers, i.e. devices using stimulated emission of electromagnetic radiation in the infrared, visible or ultraviolet wave range
- H01S3/10—Controlling the intensity, frequency, phase, polarisation or direction of the emitted radiation, e.g. switching, gating, modulating or demodulating
- H01S3/10007—Controlling the intensity, frequency, phase, polarisation or direction of the emitted radiation, e.g. switching, gating, modulating or demodulating in optical amplifiers
- H01S3/10023—Controlling the intensity, frequency, phase, polarisation or direction of the emitted radiation, e.g. switching, gating, modulating or demodulating in optical amplifiers by functional association of additional optical elements, e.g. filters, gratings, reflectors
- H01S3/1003—Controlling the intensity, frequency, phase, polarisation or direction of the emitted radiation, e.g. switching, gating, modulating or demodulating in optical amplifiers by functional association of additional optical elements, e.g. filters, gratings, reflectors tunable optical elements, e.g. acousto-optic filters, tunable gratings
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01S—DEVICES USING THE PROCESS OF LIGHT AMPLIFICATION BY STIMULATED EMISSION OF RADIATION [LASER] TO AMPLIFY OR GENERATE LIGHT; DEVICES USING STIMULATED EMISSION OF ELECTROMAGNETIC RADIATION IN WAVE RANGES OTHER THAN OPTICAL
- H01S3/00—Lasers, i.e. devices using stimulated emission of electromagnetic radiation in the infrared, visible or ultraviolet wave range
- H01S3/10—Controlling the intensity, frequency, phase, polarisation or direction of the emitted radiation, e.g. switching, gating, modulating or demodulating
- H01S3/13—Stabilisation of laser output parameters, e.g. frequency or amplitude
- H01S3/1305—Feedback control systems
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01S—DEVICES USING THE PROCESS OF LIGHT AMPLIFICATION BY STIMULATED EMISSION OF RADIATION [LASER] TO AMPLIFY OR GENERATE LIGHT; DEVICES USING STIMULATED EMISSION OF ELECTROMAGNETIC RADIATION IN WAVE RANGES OTHER THAN OPTICAL
- H01S3/00—Lasers, i.e. devices using stimulated emission of electromagnetic radiation in the infrared, visible or ultraviolet wave range
- H01S3/10—Controlling the intensity, frequency, phase, polarisation or direction of the emitted radiation, e.g. switching, gating, modulating or demodulating
- H01S3/13—Stabilisation of laser output parameters, e.g. frequency or amplitude
- H01S3/1307—Stabilisation of the phase
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01S—DEVICES USING THE PROCESS OF LIGHT AMPLIFICATION BY STIMULATED EMISSION OF RADIATION [LASER] TO AMPLIFY OR GENERATE LIGHT; DEVICES USING STIMULATED EMISSION OF ELECTROMAGNETIC RADIATION IN WAVE RANGES OTHER THAN OPTICAL
- H01S2301/00—Functional characteristics
- H01S2301/08—Generation of pulses with special temporal shape or frequency spectrum
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01S—DEVICES USING THE PROCESS OF LIGHT AMPLIFICATION BY STIMULATED EMISSION OF RADIATION [LASER] TO AMPLIFY OR GENERATE LIGHT; DEVICES USING STIMULATED EMISSION OF ELECTROMAGNETIC RADIATION IN WAVE RANGES OTHER THAN OPTICAL
- H01S3/00—Lasers, i.e. devices using stimulated emission of electromagnetic radiation in the infrared, visible or ultraviolet wave range
- H01S3/10—Controlling the intensity, frequency, phase, polarisation or direction of the emitted radiation, e.g. switching, gating, modulating or demodulating
- H01S3/10007—Controlling the intensity, frequency, phase, polarisation or direction of the emitted radiation, e.g. switching, gating, modulating or demodulating in optical amplifiers
- H01S3/10015—Controlling the intensity, frequency, phase, polarisation or direction of the emitted radiation, e.g. switching, gating, modulating or demodulating in optical amplifiers by monitoring or controlling, e.g. attenuating, the input signal
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01S—DEVICES USING THE PROCESS OF LIGHT AMPLIFICATION BY STIMULATED EMISSION OF RADIATION [LASER] TO AMPLIFY OR GENERATE LIGHT; DEVICES USING STIMULATED EMISSION OF ELECTROMAGNETIC RADIATION IN WAVE RANGES OTHER THAN OPTICAL
- H01S3/00—Lasers, i.e. devices using stimulated emission of electromagnetic radiation in the infrared, visible or ultraviolet wave range
- H01S3/10—Controlling the intensity, frequency, phase, polarisation or direction of the emitted radiation, e.g. switching, gating, modulating or demodulating
- H01S3/10069—Memorized or pre-programmed characteristics, e.g. look-up table [LUT]
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01S—DEVICES USING THE PROCESS OF LIGHT AMPLIFICATION BY STIMULATED EMISSION OF RADIATION [LASER] TO AMPLIFY OR GENERATE LIGHT; DEVICES USING STIMULATED EMISSION OF ELECTROMAGNETIC RADIATION IN WAVE RANGES OTHER THAN OPTICAL
- H01S3/00—Lasers, i.e. devices using stimulated emission of electromagnetic radiation in the infrared, visible or ultraviolet wave range
- H01S3/23—Arrangements of two or more lasers not provided for in groups H01S3/02 - H01S3/22, e.g. tandem arrangements of separate active media
- H01S3/2308—Amplifier arrangements, e.g. MOPA
Definitions
- the invention relates to a method for generating output laser pulses, in particular ultra-short pulses (UKP), the pulse duration of which depends on the temperature of at least one component and/or on an ambient temperature (e.g. air), with the same or almost the same target pulse duration, and also a laser system suitable for carrying out the method, in particular an ultra-short-pulse (USP) laser system.
- UFP ultra-short pulses
- USP ultra-short-pulse
- a variation in the thermal load in laser systems can affect the behavior or properties of optical, mechanical or electronic components. If such behavior is observed when the laser system is switched on, it is also referred to as the thermal run-in behavior of the laser system.
- the inventors have recognized that in ultra-short pulse (USP) laser systems, in particular the pulse phase or pulse duration and thus the pulse peak power reacts sensitively to such changes in the component properties or the component behavior. Eliminating the thermal shrinkage in optics and mechanics is only partially possible and only with great technical effort, such as temperature control of the large number of optics with appropriate control/regulation.
- USP ultra-short pulse
- the object of the invention is to precompensate or to compensate for the thermal run-in behavior in a method of the type mentioned at the outset, depending on the thermal load, and to specify a laser system that is suitable for carrying out the method.
- the thermally induced pulse duration change is pre-compensated or compensated for by an actuator (e.g. adjustment of the compressor or stretcher phase) depending on the thermal load.
- an actuator e.g. adjustment of the compressor or stretcher phase
- the dispersion of the optical actuator to be set for the current input laser pulse is determined using the current thermal load of the at least one component and using the history of the thermal load of the at least one component.
- the current thermal load of the at least one component can be determined using the average power of the current output laser pulses and the history of the thermal load of the at least one component can be determined using the average power of the previous output laser pulses.
- the dispersion to be set can, for example, be determined continuously from a modeling of the pulse phase as a function of the temperature of the at least one component or in advance using a previously known sequence of output laser pulses.
- the dispersion of the optical actuator to be set for the current input laser pulse is particularly preferred based on at least the last input pulses preceding the current input laser pulse and/or based on a target dispersion value for a steady state of the at least one component, in which the temperature of the at least one component is essentially is constant over time, determined.
- the control signal of the actuator for a specific output laser pulse only takes into account those previous laser pulses that have contributed significantly to the current heating of the component. Alternatively, however, all preceding laser pulses can also be taken into account.
- the dispersion of the optical actuator to be set for the current input laser pulse is preferably determined from a target value for the steady state of the at least one component and from a sum of correction values that is determined taking into account at least the last preceding input pulses.
- the Correction values can, for example, be determined continuously from a modeling of the pulse phase as a function of the temperature of the at least one component or in advance using a previously known sequence of output laser pulses.
- the deviation of the pulse duration of the output laser pulses from the target pulse duration is advantageously less than 10%, preferably less than 2%.
- the invention also relates to a laser system for generating output laser pulses, in particular ultra-short output laser pulses, with the same or almost the same target pulse duration at an output, having:
- At least one component and/or one environment e.g. air
- one environment e.g. air
- the optical actuator is preferably designed as a variable, in particular temperature-controlled stretcher grating (pulse stretcher) for stretching the input laser pulses, as a dispersion-modifying element (e.g. made of glass) arranged in a pulse compressor, as a liquid crystal element, or as a movable element, in particular grating or prism, of a pulse compressor educated.
- a dispersion-modifying element e.g. made of glass
- the invention also relates to a control program product which has code means which are adapted for carrying out all steps of the method according to the invention when the program runs on a controller of the laser system according to the invention.
- FIG. 1 shows a laser system according to the invention with a dispersion-variable stretcher and a free-beam pulse compressor
- FIG. 1 shows a schematic representation of a U KP laser system 100 for generating output laser pulses 3 at the output 150 of the laser system.
- the laser system has an excitation laser 10, which is set up to generate input laser pulses 2, and an amplifier 80, which is set up to amplify laser light.
- the laser system 100 also has, in the light propagation direction behind the excitation laser 10, a pulse stretcher 20 for stretching the laser pulses, an optional first preamplifier 50, an optional second preamplifier 70, and an optional pulse compressor 110, in particular a grating compressor, for compressing the laser pulses. Furthermore, the laser system 100 also has an optional pulse selection device 60 (eg an acousto-optical modulator (AOM) or electro-optical modulator (EOM)), which is arranged here between the first preamplifier 50 and the second preamplifier 70 .
- AOM acousto-optical modulator
- EOM electro-optical modulator
- the laser system 100 optionally has a non-linear optical crystal 90 for frequency conversion, ie the wavelength of the laser light.
- the laser system 100 has a controller 130 for controlling the laser system 100 .
- the controller 130 is designed in such a way that it transmits a signal to an actuator 20 in order to compensate or pre-compensate for the effect of the thermal load of the laser system 100 on the pulse duration or pulse phase.
- the actuator 20 is designed as an element with variable dispersion and is arranged in the laser system 100 between the excitation laser 10 and the laser output 150 .
- the actuator 20 is designed as a pulse stretcher and/or as a variable stretcher grid.
- the controller 130 is designed in such a way that the method described below for controlling the laser system 100 can be carried out in order to keep the pulse duration essentially stable.
- the laser system 100 can have other elements not explicitly listed here, which are familiar to a person skilled in the art in order to design an amplifier system.
- the actuator 20 is designed as an element with variable dispersion and can be used as a variable, in particular temperature-controlled stretcher grating, as a dispersion-changing element arranged in the compressor, as described in DE 102016 110 947 A1, in particular as a glass block, as a liquid crystal element, or as a movable element of the compressor, in particular a movable grating or prism.
- the optical components 50, 60, 70, 80, 90, 110 with thermally dependent behavior can in particular be a non-linear crystal, a grating, a mirror and/or others be temperature-sensitive components that are arranged in the laser system 100 and heat up when passing through an input laser pulse and/or by thermal waste heat or reflections from other components and thus contribute to the thermal dependence of the pulse duration.
- Mechanical components with thermally dependent behavior can be holders for optics and base plates in particular, which heat up due to thermal waste heat or reflections from other components.
- Electronic components with thermally dependent behavior can be, in particular, control circuit boards of the control, which heat up due to thermal waste heat or reflections from other components or their own waste heat.
- the preamplifiers 50, 70 can have a fiber, rod, slab, disk or plate as the gain medium.
- the amplifier can have a fiber, rod, slab, disk or plate as the amplifier medium.
- controller 130 is designed such that a control signal is generated in order to actuate actuator 20 for a current input laser pulse 2 in such a way that associated output laser pulse 3 has a pulse duration that essentially corresponds to the specified pulse duration.
- the control signal can consist of a target value for the steady state of the laser system 100 and a sum of correction values, which, taking into account all the input pulses 2 preceding the current input laser pulse, or taking into account only those previous last input pulses 2 that have made a significant contribution to the current heating of the component , as described below.
- the steady state of the laser system 100 is understood to mean a state in which the temperature in the laser system 100 and/or the temperature of the components of the laser system is essentially constant over time.
- a substantially stable pulse duration is understood to mean that the pulse duration deviation from the setpoint pulse duration is less than 10%, preferably less than 2%.
- the correction values for the compensation are determined or calculated dynamically and result from a modeling of the pulse phase as a function of the thermal load.
- T K and h K (t) designate an intrinsic time constant or a heating term and must be known in order to solve ⁇ T K (t).
- the temperature of a component 50, 60, 70, 80, 90, 110 can affect its properties or its behavior. As a result, a change in temperature can in turn affect the pulse phase. For example, a change in temperature can induce a change in length by means of thermal expansion. In the case of a free-jet compressor, a change in the optical path between the compressor gratings leads to a change in the compressor dispersion and thus to a change in the pulse phase of the pulse passing through.
- the change in the pulse phase (phase contribution) by a component 50, 60, 70, 80, 90, 110 relative to the cold state is dependent on the temperature difference from the cold state, i.e. a function of the temperature difference:
- Equation (6) the inverse of the phase out Equation (6) is.
- equations (1), (2) and (4) or, in the case of linear approximation (1), (3) and (5) for all relevant components, and to resolve a phase with the actuator to impress the laser pulse, the inverse of the phase out Equation (6) is.
- the equations can be pre-solved to calculate the time history of the phase change.
- the equations can be solved numerically, i.e. discretized.
- the intrinsic time constants T K , the functional relationships between the heating term h K (t) and the laser power P(t) as well as the temperature difference ⁇ T K (t) and change in the pulse phase ⁇ K must be known in order to solve the equations and can be determined by measurement (e.g. when of the laser system) or calculation.
- This function can be obtained by measuring thermal shrinkage or by minimizing thermal shrinkage. In general, it makes sense to choose a function that reflects the behavior of the differential equation (1) as well as possible.
- a function of the form: ⁇ (t) ⁇ K ⁇ k *P 0 *(1 _ e t/ ⁇ K ) (9) is suitable for a rapid increase in laser power.
- the laser system 100 is first off for a long time (cold state) and is then switched on.
- the excitation laser 10 When the excitation laser 10 is switched on, it heats up and a base plate of the pulse compressor 110 becomes warm. Due to the heating of the base plate of the pulse compressor 110, the distance between the compressor grids increases due to the thermal expansion. This results in a change in the pulse phase of the pulse running through the pulse compressor 110 relative to the cold state. The change in pulse phase is compensated for by the adjustable stretcher 20.
- Equation (2) the functional relationship of equations (2) and (4) is linearly approximated, and the parameters T K , ⁇ h and ⁇ ⁇ are determined beforehand, for example by measuring the run-in behavior.
- ⁇ (t) ⁇ 0 * ⁇ h *P 0 * ⁇ K *(1-e t/TA ')
- the solid line in Fig. 2c) shows a changing dispersion contribution of the pulse compressor 110 due to the thermal expansion of the base plate of the pulse compressor 110 and a change in the dispersion contribution of the dispersion-variable stretcher 20 (dash-dotted line) in order to obtain a constant pulse phase (dashed line), which leads to a constant pulse duration.
- a correction value is calculated for the control signal for at least one temperature-sensitive component 50, 60, 70, 80, 90, 110, which contributes to the thermal dependency of the pulse duration, and offset against the desired value.
- a laser system 100 can contain several temperature-sensitive components 50, 60, 70, 80, 90, 110, which contribute to the thermal dependence of the pulse duration. This leads to a control signal which contains a desired value and a correction value which contains a number of correction terms, in particular a correction term for each temperature-sensitive component.
- the dispersion of the optical actuator 20 to be set for the current input laser pulse 2 can also be determined based on the current thermal load of the at least one component 50, 60, 70, 80, 90, 110 and based on the history of the thermal load of the at least one component 50, 60, 70 , 80, 90, 110 can be determined.
- the current thermal load of the at least one component 50, 60, 70, 80, 90, 110 and the history of the thermal load of the at least one component 50, 60, 70, 80, 90, 110 are determined, for example, based on the average power of the previous ones Output laser pulses 3 determined.
Landscapes
- Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- Electromagnetism (AREA)
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Plasma & Fusion (AREA)
- Optics & Photonics (AREA)
- Automation & Control Theory (AREA)
- Lasers (AREA)
Abstract
Description
Claims
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| DE102022101644 | 2022-01-25 | ||
| PCT/EP2022/083186 WO2023143773A1 (de) | 2022-01-25 | 2022-11-24 | Verfahren und lasersystem zum erzeugen von ultrakurzen laserpulsen mit stabilen pulsparametern |
Publications (1)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| EP4470075A1 true EP4470075A1 (de) | 2024-12-04 |
Family
ID=84487763
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| EP22822083.6A Pending EP4470075A1 (de) | 2022-01-25 | 2022-11-24 | Verfahren und lasersystem zum erzeugen von ultrakurzen laserpulsen mit stabilen pulsparametern |
Country Status (4)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| US (1) | US20240380170A1 (de) |
| EP (1) | EP4470075A1 (de) |
| CN (1) | CN118613972A (de) |
| WO (1) | WO2023143773A1 (de) |
Family Cites Families (2)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US7822347B1 (en) * | 2006-03-28 | 2010-10-26 | Raydiance, Inc. | Active tuning of temporal dispersion in an ultrashort pulse laser system |
| DE102016110947A1 (de) | 2016-06-15 | 2017-12-21 | Trumpf Laser Gmbh | Dispersionsanpassungseinheit |
-
2022
- 2022-11-24 WO PCT/EP2022/083186 patent/WO2023143773A1/de not_active Ceased
- 2022-11-24 EP EP22822083.6A patent/EP4470075A1/de active Pending
- 2022-11-24 CN CN202280090083.0A patent/CN118613972A/zh active Pending
-
2024
- 2024-07-23 US US18/780,536 patent/US20240380170A1/en active Pending
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| US20240380170A1 (en) | 2024-11-14 |
| WO2023143773A1 (de) | 2023-08-03 |
| CN118613972A (zh) | 2024-09-06 |
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Owner name: TRUMPF LASER SE |