EP4454082A1 - Zündkerze mit sich verjüngenden atmungsraum - Google Patents
Zündkerze mit sich verjüngenden atmungsraumInfo
- Publication number
- EP4454082A1 EP4454082A1 EP22821541.4A EP22821541A EP4454082A1 EP 4454082 A1 EP4454082 A1 EP 4454082A1 EP 22821541 A EP22821541 A EP 22821541A EP 4454082 A1 EP4454082 A1 EP 4454082A1
- Authority
- EP
- European Patent Office
- Prior art keywords
- housing
- spark plug
- combustion chamber
- breathing space
- breathing
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Granted
Links
Classifications
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01T—SPARK GAPS; OVERVOLTAGE ARRESTERS USING SPARK GAPS; SPARKING PLUGS; CORONA DEVICES; GENERATING IONS TO BE INTRODUCED INTO NON-ENCLOSED GASES
- H01T13/00—Sparking plugs
- H01T13/54—Sparking plugs having electrodes arranged in a partly-enclosed ignition chamber
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01T—SPARK GAPS; OVERVOLTAGE ARRESTERS USING SPARK GAPS; SPARKING PLUGS; CORONA DEVICES; GENERATING IONS TO BE INTRODUCED INTO NON-ENCLOSED GASES
- H01T13/00—Sparking plugs
- H01T13/20—Sparking plugs characterised by features of the electrodes or insulation
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01T—SPARK GAPS; OVERVOLTAGE ARRESTERS USING SPARK GAPS; SPARKING PLUGS; CORONA DEVICES; GENERATING IONS TO BE INTRODUCED INTO NON-ENCLOSED GASES
- H01T13/00—Sparking plugs
- H01T13/20—Sparking plugs characterised by features of the electrodes or insulation
- H01T13/32—Sparking plugs characterised by features of the electrodes or insulation characterised by features of the earthed electrode
Definitions
- the invention relates to a spark plug according to claim 1.
- the ground electrode is arranged on the front side of the housing on the combustion chamber side and the ignition gap is formed outside of the housing.
- the center electrode often protrudes from the housing and into the combustion chamber. This allows the electrodes and the insulator to absorb a lot of heat from the combustion chamber.
- the breathing space which extends between the housing and the insulator with the center electrode, is generally configured cylindrically and plays a subordinate role in spark plugs whose ignition gap is formed outside the housing.
- spark plugs are optimized for use in petrol-powered internal combustion engines.
- the housing has a first inner diameter D1 at its end on the combustion chamber side and a second inner diameter D2 within the housing in the plane El, with the first inner diameter D1 being larger than the second inner diameter D2, so that a breathing space formed within the housing tapers from its end toward the combustion chamber to its end facing away from the combustion chamber.
- the spark plug according to the invention with a longitudinal axis has a housing with a longitudinal bore, as a result of which the housing has a housing wall with an inner side, an insulator arranged inside the housing with an insulator tip on the combustion chamber side, which is flush with a plane El extending perpendicularly to the longitudinal axis, an at least partially a center electrode arranged inside the insulator, and a ground electrode arranged inside the case, wherein the ground electrode and the center electrode are arranged to form a spark gap and the spark gap is formed inside the case.
- the housing has a first inner diameter D1 at its end on the combustion chamber side and a second inner diameter D2 within the housing in plane El, with the first inner diameter D1 being larger than the second inner diameter D2, so that a breathing space is formed within the housing tapers from its end on the combustion chamber side to its end facing away from the combustion chamber.
- the breathing space is the space inside the spark plug shell and is delimited by the shell wall and the insulator.
- the area of the breathing space from its end facing away from the combustion chamber to the ignition gap is referred to as the dead space, since the fuel-air mixture cannot flow in and out of this area with difficulty.
- the dead space Due to the narrowing of the breathing space, the dead space is reduced and there is less of the fuel-air mixture in the area of the insulator and the electrodes, which means that less heat energy is generated by convection and radiation after ignition the electrodes, the insulator and the housing are entered.
- the housing volume is also increased and leads to a further reduction in temperature in the breathing space and in the components.
- the resulting lower temperature load reduces wear on the electrodes and the risk of pre-ignition or glow ignition.
- the arrangement of the electrodes within the housing has the further advantage that the insulator, the ground electrode and the center electrode can be made shorter. As a result, they protrude less far into the combustion chamber.
- the components absorb less heat from the combustion chamber and, on the other hand, heat is dissipated more effectively from the components via the housing into a cylinder head in which the spark plug according to the invention is mounted.
- combustion chamber means the combustion chamber of an internal combustion engine cylinder, in the cylinder head of which the spark plug according to the invention can be mounted.
- the breathing space of the spark plug is not part of the "combustion space" in the context of this application.
- the second inner diameter D2 corresponds to 35% to 80% of the first inner diameter D1.
- the second inner diameter D2 also determines the space that is available for the insulator, in particular for the insulator tip in the housing.
- the insulator tip has a diameter D3 that is smaller than the second inside diameter D2. Due to the tapered shape of the breathing space, the insulator tip has a smaller area that can absorb heat from the breathing space. Furthermore, the smaller area of the insulator protruding into the breathing space means that the insulator and the center electrode are less stressed by the pulsating pressures occurring during combustion. This reduces the stress on the mechanical fixation of the insulator in the spark plug housing and makes the spark plug more robust.
- the insulator tip delimits the breathing chamber at least partially at its end facing away from the combustion chamber.
- the breathing space is limited by the housing and the isolator. In the direction of the combustion chamber, the housing and the breathing space are open.
- the insulator tip is flush with a surface of the housing that delimits the breathing chamber at its end facing away from the combustion chamber.
- only the insulator tip the breathing space at its limit the end facing away from the combustion chamber and the inside of the housing wall limits the breathing space in the radial direction. This ensures that the breathing space has no or only a small amount of dead space.
- the heat-absorbing surface of the insulator that is in contact with the breathing space is reduced to a minimum.
- the insulator tip also does not protrude into the breathing space, so that the flow of the fuel-air mixture in the breathing space is not disturbed by possible edges of the insulator tip.
- the housing wall of the housing delimits the breathing space laterally, so that the tapering shape of the breathing space results.
- the shape of the breathing space results from straight surfaces of the housing, in particular with a first transition from the inside of the housing wall to a front side of the housing on the combustion chamber side and/or a second transition from the inside of the housing wall to a Surface of the housing, which limits the breathing space at the end facing away from the combustion chamber, are rounded. This results in the advantage that the surfaces delimiting the breathing space do not have any edges that could irritate the fuel/air mixture flow.
- the shape of the breathing space is composed of several sub-areas, which line up parallel to the longitudinal axis, whereby a single sub-area can be straight or curved and different sub-areas can have different radii of curvature, so that an overall contour is formed with a curved shape.
- the shape of the breathing space is composed of a conical section and a cylindrical section with a constant diameter.
- the conical section is arranged closer to the combustion chamber than the cylindrical section.
- the breathing space has the shape of the divergent part of a Laval nozzle.
- the contour is rotationally symmetrical and/or play-symmetrical, with the longitudinal axis of the spark plug being the axis of symmetry. This results in a simple manufacture of the spark plug housing.
- the contour is rotationally symmetrical and/or play-symmetrical, with the axis of symmetry being at a distance from the longitudinal axis of the spark plug.
- the contour is asymmetrical.
- the flow of the fuel-air mixture can also be directed in a targeted manner.
- the distance T extends from the front face of the housing on the combustion chamber side to the end of the ignition gap on the combustion chamber side. This results in the ignition gap being arranged inside the housing.
- This negative spark position makes it possible to make the center electrode and the insulator shorter than usual, so that the center electrode and the insulator do not protrude so far into the combustion chamber and the path for heat dissipation is shorter and heat dissipation is therefore more effective.
- the width of the ignition gap is no greater than 0.5 mm, in particular no greater than 0.2 mm.
- the width of the ignition gap is at least 0.05 mm, in particular not less than 0.1 mm. This means that the ignition gap is not too small.
- a very small spark gap poses particular challenges to accuracy in spark plug production.
- a deviation from the alignment of the electrode ignition surfaces that is as parallel as possible has a greater effect with a small ignition gap, such as uneven wear of the ignition surface, than with a larger ignition gap.
- the lower limit for the width of the ignition gap is therefore a good compromise for a small ignition gap to reduce the ignition voltage requirement and the Wear and, on the other hand, a reasonable effort for a consistently good quality of the alignment of the ignition surfaces to each other in spark plug production.
- the spark plug according to the invention and its further development are a hydrogen spark plug that is set up to be used in a hydrogen-powered engine and to ignite the ignitable hydrogen-containing fuel-air mixture.
- the fuel can contain up to 100% hydrogen, i.e. the fuel can be hydrogen or a hydrogen-gas mixture.
- spark plug according to the invention is not limited to operation with hydrogen.
- the spark plug according to the invention can also be used for natural gas or gasoline internal combustion engines.
- the spark plug according to the invention is optimized for operation with hydrogen.
- the spark plug can have a cap that is arranged on the combustion chamber end of the housing, so that the spark plug is a prechamber spark plug.
- FIG. 1 shows a first example of a tapered breathing space of the spark plug according to the invention
- FIG. 2 shows a second example of a tapered breathing space of the spark plug according to the invention
- FIG. 3 shows a third example of a tapering breathing space of the spark plug according to the invention
- the spark plug 1 has a housing 2 which has a longitudinal bore, so that the housing 2 has a housing wall 20 with an inside 21 .
- the spark plug 1 also has an insulator 3 arranged within the housing 2 with an insulator tip 31 on the combustion chamber side.
- the insulator tip 31 is flush with a plane El extending perpendicularly to the longitudinal axis X of the spark plug 1 .
- the insulator tip 31 has a diameter D3.
- a center electrode 4 is arranged inside the insulator 3 and a ground electrode 5 is arranged inside the housing 2 .
- the ground electrode 5 is designed here as a side electrode.
- the ground electrode 5 can also be designed as a roof electrode.
- the ground electrode 5 can be arranged, for example, in a recess in the inside 21 of the housing wall 20 or inserted into a bore through the housing wall 20 or arranged on a projection on the inside 21 of the housing wall 20 .
- the center electrodes 4 and the ground electrode 5 together form a radial ignition gap 55, for example.
- the ignition gap 55 is at a distance T from the combustion chamber-side end face 27 of the housing 2 and is formed within the housing 2 .
- the breathing space 50 is the space at the combustion chamber end of the spark plug 1, which extends through the housing 2 in the radial direction and through the insulator 3 and, if necessary. a housing section 22 in the axial direction with respect to the longitudinal axis X of the spark plug.
- the housing 2 has an opening at its end on the combustion chamber side due to the longitudinal bore.
- the breathing chamber 50 is also open at its end 51 on the combustion chamber side.
- the plane of the combustion chamber end face 27 of the housing delimits the breathing chamber 50 at its combustion chamber end 51.
- the housing 2 has a first inner diameter D1 at its combustion chamber end and a second inner diameter D2 within the housing 2 in the plane El.
- the first inner diameter D1 is greater than the second inner diameter D2, so that the breathing space 50 formed within the housing 2 tapers from its end 51 on the combustion chamber side to its end 52 facing away from the combustion chamber.
- the second inside diameter D2 of the housing 50 is larger than the diameter D3 of the insulator tip 31.
- the breathing space 50 is delimited radially by the housing wall 20.
- FIG. The housing wall 20 has an increasing wall thickness corresponding to the narrowing of the breathing space 50 .
- a sealing element 10 is arranged between the insulator 3 and the housing 2 and seals the space between the housing 2 and the insulator s.
- no gases can flow from the breathing chamber 50 along the longitudinal bore of the housing 2 to the end of the housing 2 and the spark plug 1 facing away from the combustion chamber.
- the insulator tip 31 is flush with the housing surface 22 so that at the end 52 of the breathing space 50 facing away from the combustion chamber, only the center electrode 4 protrudes into the breathing space 50 .
- the shape of the breathing chamber 50 results from straight surfaces on the inside 21 of the housing wall 20.
- a first transition 17 from the inside 21 of the housing wall 20 to a front face 27 of the housing 2 on the combustion chamber side can be rounded.
- the fillet radius of the first transition 17 is RI.
- a second transition 18 from the inside 21 of the housing wall 20 to a surface 22 of the housing 2 that delimits the breathing chamber 50 at its end 52 facing away from the combustion chamber can be rounded.
- the fillet radius of the second transition 18 is R2.
- the fillet radii RI and R2 can be the same or different.
- the other figures show further exemplary embodiments of the spark plug 1 according to the invention.
- the same components are denoted by the same reference symbols. In the following, mainly the differences between the exemplary embodiments will be discussed.
- FIG. 2 shows a second example of a tapering breathing chamber of the spark plug 1 according to the invention.
- the insulator tip 31 delimits the breathing chamber at its end facing away from the combustion chamber.
- the inside of the housing wall delimits the breathing space in the radial direction to the longitudinal axis of the spark plug.
- the inside of the housing wall is made up of several sections that line up parallel to the longitudinal axis. The sections can have a straight surface or a curved surface with different radii of curvature, resulting in a corrugated shape on the inside of the housing wall.
- FIG. 3 shows a third example of a tapering breathing chamber of the spark plug 1 according to the invention.
- the insulator tip 31 delimits the breathing chamber at its end facing away from the combustion chamber.
- the inside of the housing wall delimits the breathing space in the radial direction to the longitudinal axis of the spark plug.
- the shape of the breathing space (50) is composed of a conical section (53) and a cylindrical section (54) with a constant diameter.
- the overall result is the shape of a nozzle, such as the diverging part of a Laval nozzle.
- the ground electrode and the center electrode are arranged, for example, in the cylindrical portion of the breathing space.
Landscapes
- Spark Plugs (AREA)
Abstract
Description
Claims
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| DE102021214896.4A DE102021214896A1 (de) | 2021-12-22 | 2021-12-22 | Zündkerze mit sich verjüngenden Atmungsraum |
| PCT/EP2022/083106 WO2023117290A1 (de) | 2021-12-22 | 2022-11-24 | Zündkerze mit sich verjüngenden atmungsraum |
Publications (2)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| EP4454082A1 true EP4454082A1 (de) | 2024-10-30 |
| EP4454082B1 EP4454082B1 (de) | 2026-01-14 |
Family
ID=84462900
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| EP22821541.4A Active EP4454082B1 (de) | 2021-12-22 | 2022-11-24 | Zündkerze mit sich verjüngenden atmungsraum |
Country Status (5)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| EP (1) | EP4454082B1 (de) |
| JP (1) | JP7850810B2 (de) |
| CN (1) | CN118435478A (de) |
| DE (1) | DE102021214896A1 (de) |
| WO (1) | WO2023117290A1 (de) |
Family Cites Families (9)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| JPS52170108U (de) * | 1976-06-18 | 1977-12-23 | ||
| JPS57143122A (en) * | 1981-02-27 | 1982-09-04 | Nissan Motor Co Ltd | Internal combustion engine |
| US4766855A (en) * | 1983-07-20 | 1988-08-30 | Cummins Engine Co., Inc. | Plasma jet ignition apparatus |
| US5105780A (en) * | 1990-08-08 | 1992-04-21 | Caterpillar Inc. | Ignition assisting device for internal combustion engines |
| JP2005054701A (ja) | 2003-08-05 | 2005-03-03 | Techno Network Shikoku Co Ltd | 燃料ガスを筒内噴射する内燃機関と内燃機関の点火方法 |
| JP2005339981A (ja) * | 2004-05-27 | 2005-12-08 | Nissan Motor Co Ltd | 点火プラグ |
| DE102006041161A1 (de) * | 2006-09-01 | 2008-03-06 | Bayerische Motoren Werke Ag | Zündkerze für einen Wasserstoff-Verbrennungsmotor |
| WO2012091739A2 (en) | 2010-12-31 | 2012-07-05 | Prometheus Applied Technologies, Llc | Prechamber ignition system |
| JP5988628B2 (ja) | 2012-01-10 | 2016-09-07 | ウッドワード, インコーポレーテッドWoodward, Inc. | 燃料供給機能を有するプレチャンバスパークプラグにおけるスパーク点火火炎核流れの制御 |
-
2021
- 2021-12-22 DE DE102021214896.4A patent/DE102021214896A1/de active Pending
-
2022
- 2022-11-24 WO PCT/EP2022/083106 patent/WO2023117290A1/de not_active Ceased
- 2022-11-24 EP EP22821541.4A patent/EP4454082B1/de active Active
- 2022-11-24 CN CN202280085281.8A patent/CN118435478A/zh active Pending
- 2022-11-24 JP JP2024536311A patent/JP7850810B2/ja active Active
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| WO2023117290A1 (de) | 2023-06-29 |
| JP2024546283A (ja) | 2024-12-19 |
| DE102021214896A1 (de) | 2023-06-22 |
| JP7850810B2 (ja) | 2026-04-23 |
| CN118435478A (zh) | 2024-08-02 |
| EP4454082B1 (de) | 2026-01-14 |
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