WO2023094212A1 - Verbrennungskraftmaschine mit zündkerze und negativer funkenlagen - Google Patents
Verbrennungskraftmaschine mit zündkerze und negativer funkenlagen Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- WO2023094212A1 WO2023094212A1 PCT/EP2022/081919 EP2022081919W WO2023094212A1 WO 2023094212 A1 WO2023094212 A1 WO 2023094212A1 EP 2022081919 W EP2022081919 W EP 2022081919W WO 2023094212 A1 WO2023094212 A1 WO 2023094212A1
- Authority
- WO
- WIPO (PCT)
- Prior art keywords
- combustion chamber
- spark plug
- internal combustion
- combustion engine
- housing
- Prior art date
Links
- 238000002485 combustion reaction Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 251
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 17
- 239000000446 fuel Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 13
- 239000012212 insulator Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 9
- 238000007789 sealing Methods 0.000 claims description 11
- 229910052739 hydrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 8
- 239000001257 hydrogen Substances 0.000 claims description 8
- UFHFLCQGNIYNRP-UHFFFAOYSA-N Hydrogen Chemical compound [H][H] UFHFLCQGNIYNRP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 7
- 230000029058 respiratory gaseous exchange Effects 0.000 description 6
- 229910045601 alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 description 5
- 239000000956 alloy Substances 0.000 description 5
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 3
- 239000007789 gas Substances 0.000 description 3
- PXHVJJICTQNCMI-UHFFFAOYSA-N Nickel Chemical compound [Ni] PXHVJJICTQNCMI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 238000009434 installation Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 description 2
- VNWKTOKETHGBQD-UHFFFAOYSA-N methane Chemical compound C VNWKTOKETHGBQD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 229910000510 noble metal Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 229910001209 Low-carbon steel Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910000990 Ni alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910000831 Steel Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 238000010521 absorption reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000001419 dependent effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000010892 electric spark Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910052737 gold Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 150000002431 hydrogen Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 230000003993 interaction Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229910052741 iridium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000003345 natural gas Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052759 nickel Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910052763 palladium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910052697 platinum Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 230000000717 retained effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229910052702 rhenium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910052703 rhodium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000010935 stainless steel Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910001220 stainless steel Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000010959 steel Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000007704 transition Effects 0.000 description 1
Classifications
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F02—COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
- F02B—INTERNAL-COMBUSTION PISTON ENGINES; COMBUSTION ENGINES IN GENERAL
- F02B23/00—Other engines characterised by special shape or construction of combustion chambers to improve operation
- F02B23/08—Other engines characterised by special shape or construction of combustion chambers to improve operation with positive ignition
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01T—SPARK GAPS; OVERVOLTAGE ARRESTERS USING SPARK GAPS; SPARKING PLUGS; CORONA DEVICES; GENERATING IONS TO BE INTRODUCED INTO NON-ENCLOSED GASES
- H01T13/00—Sparking plugs
- H01T13/02—Details
- H01T13/16—Means for dissipating heat
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F02—COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
- F02B—INTERNAL-COMBUSTION PISTON ENGINES; COMBUSTION ENGINES IN GENERAL
- F02B19/00—Engines characterised by precombustion chambers
- F02B19/12—Engines characterised by precombustion chambers with positive ignition
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F02—COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
- F02B—INTERNAL-COMBUSTION PISTON ENGINES; COMBUSTION ENGINES IN GENERAL
- F02B23/00—Other engines characterised by special shape or construction of combustion chambers to improve operation
- F02B23/08—Other engines characterised by special shape or construction of combustion chambers to improve operation with positive ignition
- F02B23/10—Other engines characterised by special shape or construction of combustion chambers to improve operation with positive ignition with separate admission of air and fuel into cylinder
- F02B2023/102—Other engines characterised by special shape or construction of combustion chambers to improve operation with positive ignition with separate admission of air and fuel into cylinder the spark plug being placed offset the cylinder centre axis
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F02—COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
- F02B—INTERNAL-COMBUSTION PISTON ENGINES; COMBUSTION ENGINES IN GENERAL
- F02B43/00—Engines characterised by operating on gaseous fuels; Plants including such engines
- F02B43/10—Engines or plants characterised by use of other specific gases, e.g. acetylene, oxyhydrogen
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01T—SPARK GAPS; OVERVOLTAGE ARRESTERS USING SPARK GAPS; SPARKING PLUGS; CORONA DEVICES; GENERATING IONS TO BE INTRODUCED INTO NON-ENCLOSED GASES
- H01T13/00—Sparking plugs
- H01T13/20—Sparking plugs characterised by features of the electrodes or insulation
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01T—SPARK GAPS; OVERVOLTAGE ARRESTERS USING SPARK GAPS; SPARKING PLUGS; CORONA DEVICES; GENERATING IONS TO BE INTRODUCED INTO NON-ENCLOSED GASES
- H01T13/00—Sparking plugs
- H01T13/20—Sparking plugs characterised by features of the electrodes or insulation
- H01T13/32—Sparking plugs characterised by features of the electrodes or insulation characterised by features of the earthed electrode
Definitions
- the invention relates to an internal combustion engine according to claim 1.
- the internal combustion engine according to the invention is suitable for operation with a hydrogen-containing fuel.
- Previously known spark plugs and internal combustion engines are generally optimized for operation in a gasoline-powered internal combustion engine. The position of the spark plug in the cylinder head and of the ignition gap within the combustion chamber is selected accordingly.
- An example of a known in-cylinder spark plug arrangement for a gasoline-powered internal combustion engine is shown in FIG.
- previous spark plugs and internal combustion engines are not suitable for use or provide poor performance when used in hydrogen-powered internal combustion engines.
- the object of the invention is to provide an internal combustion engine with a spark plug that meets the requirements for a hydrogen-powered internal combustion engine.
- the internal combustion engine according to the invention has at least one cylinder and a spark plug belonging to this cylinder.
- the at least one cylinder has a combustion chamber that is delimited by the side walls of the cylinder and a combustion chamber roof as well as a piston that can move in the cylinder.
- the combustion chamber roof is the surface of the cylinder head that delimits the combustion chamber.
- the cylinder head has a cylinder head bore, referred to below as bore, which extends to the combustion chamber.
- a spark plug is mounted in this bore, for example screwed in. The spark plug is designed to ignite a fuel-air mixture in the combustion chamber.
- the spark plug has a longitudinal axis that extends from the end of the spark plug toward the combustion chamber to the end of the spark plug that faces away from the combustion chamber.
- the spark plug has a housing with an end face facing the combustion chamber.
- At least one ground electrode is arranged on or in the housing.
- the at least one ground electrode forms an ignition gap together with the center electrode.
- the ignition gap can be formed radially or axially in relation to the longitudinal axis of the spark plug.
- the width of the ignition gap is the distance between the mutually facing surfaces of the center electrode and the at least one ground electrode.
- the ignition gap is the volume between the ground electrode and the center electrode that results between the overlapping projections of the opposite ignition surfaces of the electrodes. This means that the ignition surface of the center electrode is projected onto the ignition surface of the ground electrode and vice versa.
- the volume covered by both projections is the volume of the ignition gap.
- the volume is limited in one dimension by the ignition surfaces and in the other dimensions by the overlapping of the projected ignition surfaces.
- the ignition gap has an end on the combustion chamber side. In the case of an axial ignition gap, for example, this is the ignition surface of the ground electrode designed as a roof electrode. In the case of a radial ignition gap, for example, this is the combustion chamber end of the ignition gap volume between the opposing electrodes.
- the ignition gap of the spark plug is arranged outside of the combustion chamber.
- Outside the combustion chamber means that the ignition gap within the bore or its end on the combustion chamber side is flush with the combustion chamber roof, but does not protrude beyond the combustion chamber roof into the combustion chamber.
- the spark plug has a negative spark position. This has the advantage that the electrodes do not protrude into the combustion chamber, or protrude as little as possible, and thus absorb less heat from the combustion chamber. As a result, the spark plug absorbs less heat and is a cold spark plug, so that unwanted self-ignition is avoided.
- the ignition gap is at a distance from the combustion chamber roof of the cylinder of at least 0 mm and a maximum of -15 mm, in particular no less than -1 mm and/or no greater than -4 mm, with the contour of the combustion chamber roof being defined by an imaginary line at the hole opening is continued and this imaginary line is a reference plane with the value 0 mm.
- the sign represents the direction of the distance and not the value of the distance.
- the distance from the reference plane increases in value in the direction of the end of the spark plug facing away from the combustion chamber, with the negative sign symbolizing the direction starting from the reference plane away from the combustion chamber.
- a positive sign corresponds to a distance of the ignition gap from the reference plane in the direction of the combustion chamber, i.e.
- the distance is measured parallel to the longitudinal axis of the spark plug. The distance is measured from the combustion chamber end of the ignition gap to the reference plane
- the fact that the distance between the ignition gap and the roof of the combustion chamber is greater than - 0 mm means that the ignition gap is located completely within the bore, i.e. the spark plug has a negative spark position.
- This has the advantage that the electrodes are pulled out as far as possible from the combustion chamber and thus as little heat as possible from the inside Record the combustion processes taking place in the combustion chamber. This makes it possible to get a spark plug that is as cold as possible.
- the limitation of the distance to a maximum of - 15 mm has the advantage that the flames occurring at the ignition gap do not have to travel too far to the combustion chamber.
- a distance from the ignition gap of -1 mm to -4 mm to the roof of the combustion chamber has proven to be a good compromise for reduced heat absorption by the spark plug from the combustion chamber and good and sufficiently fast propagation of the flames from the ignition gap into the combustion chamber.
- the ratio V of the wall thickness B of the spark plug housing to the distance A is from 0.05 to 25, preferably the value V is from 0.5 to 5.
- the end face of the housing facing the combustion chamber is arranged outside of the combustion chamber.
- the ground electrode can also be formed on the end face of the housing, for example as a roof electrode or as a side electrode, and the advantage of the cold spark plug is retained.
- the end face of the housing facing the combustion chamber is at least partially flush, in particular completely flush, with the combustion chamber roof.
- the housing adapts to the roof of the combustion chamber and the opening created by the bore in the cylinder head is reduced. The influence of the housing on the flow in the combustion chamber is reduced.
- This advantage is further reinforced if the front face of the housing on the combustion chamber side also has a shape that corresponds to the contour of the combustion chamber roof.
- the spark plug is arranged within an area of the cylinder head, the area being a circular area with a center point of the combustion chamber roof as the center point and having a radius RM of 15% of the inner cylinder radius RB.
- the longitudinal axis of the spark plug is considered. If the longitudinal axis is within the range, then the spark plug is considered to be located within the range.
- the spark plug is arranged at the center of the combustion chamber roof. In other words, the longitudinal axis of the spark plug and the center of the combustion chamber roof coincide. This central arrangement of the spark plug in the cylinder head and combustion chamber roof has the advantage that the spark plug is arranged centrally and the flame front generated by the spark plug can therefore spread evenly in the combustion chamber.
- the spark plug is arranged outside of an area of the cylinder head, the area being a circular area with a center point of the combustion chamber roof as the center point and having a radius RM of 15% of the inner cylinder radius RB.
- the longitudinal axis of the spark plug is considered. If the longitudinal axis is outside of the range or on the edge of the range, then the spark plug is considered to be located outside of the range. That is, any placement of the spark plug that is not within range is considered to be out of range.
- This decentralized arrangement of the spark plug in the cylinder head and combustion chamber roof has the advantage that the spark plug is arranged laterally in the combustion chamber roof and a directed arrangement to possible fuel injectors or gas exchange openings of the cylinder is possible.
- the directional arrangement of the spark plug in relation to possible other components in the cylinder results in the possibility of optimizing the performance of the internal combustion engine for the corresponding arrangement.
- the front side of the housing facing the combustion chamber has a surface that corresponds to the contour of the combustion chamber roof.
- the combustion chamber roof can have different shapes, eg a flat surface or a conical surface centered on the longitudinal axis of the cylinder.
- the conical surface may be in the shape of a hemisphere or one or more curved or straight surfaces meeting at the center of the surface.
- the combustion chamber roof has correspondingly different contours: straight lines, curved lines, etc.
- the front side of the housing facing the combustion chamber has a surface that corresponds to the shape or the contour of the combustion chamber roof. Since this reduces the opening of the bore in the cylinder head on the combustion chamber side, this advantage is particularly strong if the end face of the housing facing the combustion chamber is also flush with the combustion chamber roof.
- the opening in the combustion chamber roof created by the bore in the cylinder head influences the flow of the fuel-air mixture and the propagation of the flames in the combustion chamber. The smaller the opening in the roof of the combustion chamber, the less disruption there is to the flow of the fuel-air mixture and the spread of the flames in the combustion chamber.
- the surface of the end face of the housing facing the combustion chamber is a flat surface which is perpendicular to the longitudinal axis of the spark plug.
- This shape of the end face of the spark plug housing facing the combustion chamber is also particularly advantageous if the end face facing the combustion chamber Front side of the housing is arranged within the bore. Spark plugs with a flat end face of the housing facing the combustion chamber can be used in cylinders with different combustion chamber roof contours.
- the surface of the end face of the housing facing the combustion chamber is a flat surface which encloses an angle a of less than 90° and in particular greater than 30° with the longitudinal axis of the spark plug, with the smaller included angle a between the surface and longitudinal axis is considered.
- the surface of the front side of the housing facing the combustion chamber has the shape of a curved surface which encloses an angle a of less than 90° and in particular greater than 30° with the longitudinal axis of the spark plug, with the smaller included angle between Surface and longitudinal axis X is considered.
- a tangent is drawn to the curved surface at the point where the curved surface intersects the longitudinal axis of the spark plug when the curved surface is viewed in section and projected into one plane together with the longitudinal axis of the spark plug.
- the adjacent tangent encloses an angle of 30° to 150° with the longitudinal axis of the spark plug, spark plugs with a curved one
- the end face of the housing facing the combustion chamber is particularly advantageous in the case of a decentralized and flush arrangement of the spark plug in a cylinder head with a curved combustion chamber roof, since the advantages described above are also achieved here.
- the cylinder, in particular the cylinder head, and/or the spark plug each have a marking so that the spark plug can be installed in the cylinder in a directed manner.
- This has the advantage that when the spark plug is installed in the cylinder head, the angle of rotation and the torque can be selected so that with spark plugs whose front side of the housing facing the combustion chamber is at an angle to the longitudinal axis of the spark plug, the installation can be carried out in such a way that the combustion chamber-side front side of the housing is correctly aligned according to the contour of the combustion chamber roof.
- the spark plug is arranged decentrally in the cylinder head and the end face of the housing facing the combustion chamber is to be arranged flush with the combustion chamber roof.
- the spark plug has a thread on the outside of the housing, with which the spark plug is screwed into the bore formed in the cylinder head, and an outer sealing surface
- the housing having a thread between the outer sealing surface and an end of the thread facing away from the combustion chamber has a thread-free area, in particular which is longer in the longitudinal axis of the spark plug than a thickness of an outer seal arranged on the outer sealing surface.
- the internal combustion engine according to the invention can also have a spark plug in which the at least one ground electrode is arranged inside the housing.
- the ground electrode is inserted into a bore that is formed in the housing wall.
- the ground electrode can be welded and/or pressed in the bore.
- the bore can be formed in the threaded area or below the threaded area.
- the at least one ground electrode can be arranged relative to the center electrode in such a way that the electrodes form an axial or radial ignition gap.
- the width of the ignition gap is given by an electrode spacing between the center electrode and the at least one ground electrode, with the electrode spacing between the center electrode and the at least one ground electrode being no greater than 0.4 mm, in particular no greater than 0.2 mm. and is not smaller than 0.05 mm, in particular not smaller than 0.1 mm.
- This has the advantage that less voltage is required for ignition and the increase in electrode gap over the life of the spark plug is smaller. Since the installation space within the housing is naturally limited, the small distance between the electrodes also advantageously results in the possibility of arranging the electrodes and thus also the ignition gap at least partially within the housing. This has the advantage that the electrodes do not protrude too far into the combustion chamber and thus absorb less heat from the combustion chamber. The result is that the spark plug absorbs less heat overall and is a cold spark plug, so that undesirable self-ignition is avoided.
- the electrode spacing is no greater than 0.2 mm, in particular no greater than 0.15 mm.
- the electrode spacing is also advantageous for the electrode spacing to be at least 0.05 mm, in particular not less than 0.1 mm. This means that the electrode spacing is not too small.
- a very small gap between the electrodes poses particular challenges to the accuracy of spark plug production.
- a deviation from the alignment of the electrode ignition surfaces that is as parallel as possible has a greater effect with a small electrode spacing, such as uneven wear of the ignition surface, than with a larger electrode spacing.
- the lower limit for the electrode gap is therefore a good compromise for, on the one hand, a small electrode gap to reduce the ignition voltage requirement and wear and on the other hand, a justifiable effort for a consistently good quality of the alignment of the ignition surfaces to each other in spark plug production.
- the spark plug can also have several ground electrodes, each of which forms an ignition gap with the center electrode.
- the configurations described above for the electrodes and an ignition gap also apply correspondingly to a plurality of ground electrodes and ignition gaps. Because the spark plug has a plurality of ground electrodes, the wear on the ignition surface can be distributed over a number of ground electrodes, and the ignition surface of the individual ground electrode does not require as much volume of wear-resistant material as with a single ground electrode.
- the service life of the spark plug is increased.
- the two ground electrodes are arranged symmetrically on the inside of the housing.
- the longitudinal axis of the spark plug is the axis of symmetry in the arrangement of the ground electrodes. Due to the symmetrical arrangement of the ground electrodes, the technical effect is that the fuel-air mixture flows very evenly within the breathing chamber, which further promotes good ignition and good ignition stability of the fuel-air mixture in the spark plug.
- the at least one ground electrode and/or the center electrode each has an ignition surface made of a different material than the rest of the electrode, which forms the ignition gap with the opposite electrode, and that the ignition surface(s) consists of a noble metal or a noble metal alloy, in particular Pt, Ir, Rh, Pd, Re, Au or an alloy thereof.
- a noble metal or a noble metal alloy in particular Pt, Ir, Rh, Pd, Re, Au or an alloy thereof.
- An alloy with a high Ir content is particularly advantageous here, i.e. Ir is the element with the highest individual content in the alloy.
- These elements or alloys with these elements are particularly wear-resistant.
- the electrode itself is made of nickel or a nickel alloy, for example.
- the housing is made of, for example, steel, low-carbon steel or stainless steel.
- the spark plug has no cap or the like on the end face of the housing facing the combustion chamber.
- the housing is open at its end on the combustion chamber side, so that a mixture exchange can take place between the interior of the housing, the breathing chamber of the spark plug, and the combustion chamber.
- the internal combustion engine is advantageously set up to be operated with hydrogen or a hydrogen mixture as fuel.
- the internal combustion engine is to be operated at least within a partial operating range with a lambda number of at least 1.8.
- FIG. 1 shows a first example of the internal combustion engine according to the invention with a spark plug with a negative spark position in the cylinder head
- FIG. 2 shows a second example of the internal combustion engine according to the invention with a spark plug with a negative spark position in the cylinder head
- FIG. 3 shows a third example of the internal combustion engine according to the invention with a spark plug with a negative spark position in the cylinder head
- FIG. 4 shows a fourth example of the internal combustion engine according to the invention with a spark plug with a negative spark position in the cylinder head
- FIG. 5 shows an example of a spark plug which can be used in the internal combustion engine according to the invention and has a flat end face which faces the combustion chamber and which is oriented at an angle to the longitudinal axis of the spark plug
- FIG. 6 shows an example of a spark plug which can be used in the internal combustion engine according to the invention and has a curved end face which faces the combustion chamber and which is oriented at an angle to the longitudinal axis of the spark plug
- FIG. 7 shows an example of a spark plug which can be used in the internal combustion engine according to the invention
- FIG. 8 shows another example of a spark plug which can be used in the internal combustion engine according to the invention
- Figure 9 shows an internal combustion engine according to the prior art, in which the spark plug with positive spark position is arranged in the cylinder head
- FIG. 1 shows a simplified sectional view of an internal combustion engine 1 according to a first exemplary embodiment of the invention.
- the internal combustion engine 1 can include a plurality of cylinders 10, only one of the cylinders 10 being shown in FIG.
- the cylinder 10 has a combustion chamber 15 which is delimited by a piston which can be moved in the cylinder, the side walls 11 of the cylinder and at the upper end by a combustion chamber roof 13 .
- the combustion chamber roof 13 is formed by a cylinder head 12 of the internal combustion engine 1 .
- the combustion chamber roof 13 is preferably conical or designed to taper towards the top, in particular a roof tip forms the center point of the combustion chamber roof 13 .
- the center point is in the middle, in particular on a central axis 16, of the preferably circular cylinder 10.
- the cylinder has an inner radius B, which extends from the central axis 16 of the cylinder to a side wall 11 of the cylinder.
- the cylinder 10 can have gas exchange openings, such as at least one inlet opening through which fresh air can flow into the combustion chamber 15 and at least one outlet opening through which exhaust gases can flow out of the combustion chamber 15 after combustion.
- the internal combustion engine 1 per cylinder 10 can have a combustion chamber fuel injector, which is set up to inject fuel directly into the combustion chamber 15, or an intake manifold fuel injector, which is set up to inject fuel in an intake manifold that is connected via the inlet opening to the Combustion chamber 15 is connected.
- internal combustion engine 1 includes one spark plug 20 per cylinder 10 .
- Spark plug 20 has a housing 21 , an insulator 22 , a center electrode 23 and a ground electrode 24 .
- Center electrode 23 is at least partially disposed within insulator 22 which, in turn, is at least partially disposed within housing 21 .
- the ground electrode 24 is arranged on or in the housing 21 .
- the spark plug 20 is a spark plug that is set up to ignite a fuel-air mixture in the combustion chamber 15 by means of an electric spark.
- the spark plug 20 has a center electrode 23 and a ground electrode 24 which together form an ignition gap 25 .
- the ignition spark can be generated between the two electrodes 23, 24.
- the ignition gap 25 can be arranged radially or axially with respect to a longitudinal axis X of the spark plug 20 .
- the ignition gap 25 has a volume that is limited on the one hand by the opposing surfaces of the electrodes 23, 24 and by the overlapping projections of these surfaces.
- Spark plug 20 also has a housing 21, which has a thread 211 on its outside, for example, with which spark plug 20 can be inserted in bore 14 can be screwed in. As shown in FIG. 1, the spark plug 20 is arranged in a bore 14 within the cylinder head 12, the bore 14 opening into the combustion chamber 15.
- spark plug 20 is arranged within area 40 .
- the area 40 results as a circular area on the combustion chamber roof 13, the circular area having the center point of the combustion chamber roof 13 as the circle center. In this example, the center point of the combustion chamber roof 13 and the central axis 16 of the cylinder 10 coincide.
- the circular area of the area 40 has a radius RM of 15% of the inner cylinder radius RB.
- the longitudinal axis X of the spark plug 20 is considered. If the longitudinal axis X is within region 40 then spark plug 20 is considered to be located within region 40 .
- the spark plug 20 is arranged at the center of the combustion chamber roof 13 . In other words, the longitudinal axis X of the spark plug 20 and the center point of the combustion chamber roof 13 coincide.
- the spark plug 20 is arranged in the bore 14 in such a way that its end face 210 of the housing 21 facing the combustion chamber is flush with the combustion chamber roof 13 . Furthermore, the end face 210 of the housing 21 facing the combustion chamber is a flat surface aligned perpendicular to the longitudinal axis X of the spark plug 20 .
- the combustion chamber roof 13 can be a curved surface, as shown in FIG. Alternatively, the combustion chamber roof 13 can also be composed of several flat surface segments that meet in the center of the combustion chamber roof 13 .
- the cylinder head 12 has a bore 14 which breaks through the combustion chamber roof 13 .
- the spark plug 20 is mounted, for example screwed.
- This imaginary line 15a serves as a reference plane with the value 0 mm.
- the distance A 30 des Ignition gap 25 to the reference plane is greater than 0 mm, the sign indicating the direction of the distance A 30.
- a "+" sign means that the distance from the reference plane extends into the combustion chamber.
- a Sign means that the distance from the reference plane extends outward and away from the combustion chamber.
- the ignition gap 25 is advantageously at a distance 30 of at least 0 mm and up to -15 mm from the reference plane. For example, the distance is -1mm to -4mm.
- FIG. 2 shows, in a simplified sectional view, the internal combustion engine 1 according to the invention according to a second exemplary embodiment.
- the second exemplary embodiment differs from the first exemplary embodiment in that the end face 210 of the housing 21 of the spark plug 20 facing the combustion chamber ends within the bore 14 .
- the ground electrode 24 is arranged in a bore 214 in the housing 21 and forms a radial ignition gap 25 together with the center electrode 23 as a side electrode.
- the ground electrode 24 could be arranged within the housing 21 in such a way that it is a roof electrode and forms an axial ignition gap 25 together with the center electrode 23 .
- ground electrode 24 can also be arranged on end face 210 of housing 21 facing the combustion chamber, so that ignition gap 25 is not formed inside housing 21, as in FIG. It is important that the electrodes 23, 24 are arranged in such a way that the ignition gap 24 is formed within the bore 14 in the cylinder head 12, so that the spark plug 20 mounted in the cylinder 10 has a negative spark position.
- FIG. 3 shows a simplified sectional view of the internal combustion engine 1 according to a third exemplary embodiment.
- the third exemplary embodiment differs from the first and the second exemplary embodiment in that the end face 210 of the housing 21 of the spark plug 20 facing the combustion chamber ends in the combustion chamber 15 .
- the ground electrode 24 is arranged inside the housing 21, so that the ignition gap 25 is also formed within the housing 21 and outside of the combustion chamber 15 .
- the ground electrode 24 can be arranged as a side electrode, which forms a radial ignition gap 25 together with the center electrode 23 , or as a roof electrode, which forms an axial ignition gap 25 together with the center electrode 23 .
- FIG. 4 shows a simplified sectional view of the internal combustion engine 1 according to a fourth exemplary embodiment.
- the fourth exemplary embodiment differs from the first exemplary embodiment in that the bore 14 in the cylinder head 12 and thus also the spark plug 20 are decentralized, ie outside of the circular area 40 which has the center point of the combustion chamber roof as the center point.
- the spark plug 20 is arranged within the bore 14 in such a way that the end face 210 facing the combustion chamber is at least partially flush with the combustion chamber roof 15 .
- the end face 210 of the housing 21 facing the combustion chamber is a flat surface and the combustion chamber roof 13 does not have a straight contour in the area around the bore 14, the end face 210 of the housing facing the combustion chamber can only be partially flush with the combustion chamber roof 13.
- FIGS. 5 and 6 the end region of the spark plug 20 on the combustion chamber side is shown in a sectional view.
- the housing 21, the insulator 22 and the center electrode 23 can be seen in part.
- the inner radius RI of the housing in the breathing space and the outer radius RA of the housing are drawn.
- the outer radius RA extends from the longitudinal axis X of the spark plug 20 to the crest of the thread 211 formed on the outside of the housing 21.
- the inner radius RI extends from the longitudinal axis X of the spark plug 20 to the inside of the housing 21 in the breathing space.
- the ground electrode 24 is arranged in a bore 214 in the area of the thread 211 and together with the center electrode 23 forms a radial ignition gap 25.
- the ignition gap 25 is delimited radially by the opposing surfaces of the electrodes 23, 24 and axially by the volume 251 of the projection of the opposing surfaces of the electrodes 23, 24.
- the limits of the projection are indicated with a broken line.
- the distance A 30 of the ignition gap 25 to the combustion chamber roof 15 is from measured at the combustion chamber end of the ignition gap.
- the dashed lines show the limits of the ignition gap volume 251.
- Combustion chamber end face 210 of housing 21 differs in Figures 5 and 6 from combustion chamber end face 210 of housing 21 shown in the first four figures in that combustion chamber end face 210 is not a surface oriented perpendicularly to longitudinal axis X of spark plug 20.
- end face 210 facing the combustion chamber is a flat surface that is oriented at an angle to longitudinal axis X of spark plug 20 .
- the surface of the end face 210 and the longitudinal axis X enclose an angle ⁇ .
- end face 210 facing the combustion chamber is a curved surface that is oriented at an angle to longitudinal axis X of spark plug 20 .
- a tangent 210T is applied to the curved surface, which together with the longitudinal axis X encloses an angle ⁇ .
- Spark plugs 20 with end faces 210 of the housing 21 facing the combustion chamber and aligned at an angle to the longitudinal axis X of the spark plug are particularly advantageous in a decentralized arrangement of the spark plug 20 in the cylinder head 12, with the end face 210 of the spark plug housing 21 facing the combustion chamber being flush with the combustion chamber roof 13.
- FIG. 7 shows a spark plug 20 which has a plurality of ground electrodes 24 .
- the ground electrodes 24 each form an ignition gap 25 with the center electrode 23.
- the ground electrodes 24 are designed here as side electrodes, which correspondingly form radial ignition gaps 25 together with the center electrode 23.
- the ground electrode 24 is designed as a top electrode, which forms an axial ignition gap 25 together with the center electrode 23 .
- the spark plug 20 can also have a top electrode in combination with one or more side electrodes as ground electrodes.
- the spark plug 20 is shown over its entire length.
- An outer sealing surface 281 can also be seen, which is formed on the outside of the housing 21 above the end of the thread 211 facing away from the combustion chamber.
- a sealing ring 28 is arranged on the outer sealing surface 281 as an outer seal, which seals the transition between the spark plug 20 and the cylinder head 12 when the spark plug 20 is mounted in the cylinder head 12 .
- the housing 21 has a thread-free region 212 between the outer sealing surface 281 and the end of the thread facing away from the combustion chamber.
- this area has a length which, measured parallel to the longitudinal axis X of the spark plug 20, is longer than a thickness of the outer seal 28 arranged on the outer sealing surface 281.
- FIG. 9 shows an internal combustion engine with the already known arrangement of the spark plug in the cylinder head.
- the spark plug is designed and arranged in the cylinder head in such a way that the electrodes 23, 24 and the ignition gap 25 are within the combustion chamber. This spark plug has a positive spark position.
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- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)
- Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
- General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Combustion Methods Of Internal-Combustion Engines (AREA)
Abstract
Description
Claims
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CN202280077913.6A CN118302596A (zh) | 2021-11-24 | 2022-11-15 | 具有火花塞和负的火花位置的内燃发动机 |
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DE102021213216.2A DE102021213216A1 (de) | 2021-11-24 | 2021-11-24 | Verbrennungskraftmaschine mit Zündkerze und negativer Funkenlagen |
DE102021213216.2 | 2021-11-24 |
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WO2023094212A1 true WO2023094212A1 (de) | 2023-06-01 |
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PCT/EP2022/081919 WO2023094212A1 (de) | 2021-11-24 | 2022-11-15 | Verbrennungskraftmaschine mit zündkerze und negativer funkenlagen |
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CN (1) | CN118302596A (de) |
DE (1) | DE102021213216A1 (de) |
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Citations (5)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
DE3207179A1 (de) * | 1982-02-27 | 1983-09-08 | Robert Bosch Gmbh, 7000 Stuttgart | Hubkolbenbrennkraftmaschine |
EP0831212A2 (de) * | 1996-09-18 | 1998-03-25 | Daimler-Benz Aktiengesellschaft | Direkteinspritzende Brennkraftmaschine |
US20050000484A1 (en) * | 2003-07-03 | 2005-01-06 | Schultz James M. | Pre-chambered type spark plug with a flat bottom being aligned with a bottom surface of a cylinder head |
US20120299459A1 (en) * | 2010-01-15 | 2012-11-29 | Yasushi Sakakura | Spark plug and method of manufacturing spark plug |
DE102018206784A1 (de) * | 2018-05-03 | 2019-11-07 | Robert Bosch Gmbh | Vorkammer-Zündkerze |
Family Cites Families (4)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
DE19546945C2 (de) | 1995-12-15 | 2003-04-30 | Daimler Chrysler Ag | Direkteinspritzende Brennkraftmaschine |
DE102017009607A1 (de) | 2017-10-17 | 2019-04-18 | Daimler Ag | Zuführungs- und Zündvorrichtung für einen Gasmotor und Verfahren zum Betrieb einer Zuführungs- und Zündvorrichtung für einen Gasmotor |
DE102018219950B4 (de) | 2018-11-21 | 2022-08-11 | Rolls-Royce Solutions GmbH | Vorkammeranordnung mit einer Zündkerze und Brennkraftmaschine mit einer solchen Vorkammeranordnung |
DE102020006563A1 (de) | 2020-10-26 | 2022-04-28 | Daimler Ag | Vorkammerzündkerze für einen Brennraum einer Verbrennungskraftmaschine sowie Befestigungsanordnung einer solchen Vorkammerzündkerze an einem Zylinderkopf |
-
2021
- 2021-11-24 DE DE102021213216.2A patent/DE102021213216A1/de active Pending
-
2022
- 2022-11-15 WO PCT/EP2022/081919 patent/WO2023094212A1/de active Application Filing
- 2022-11-15 CN CN202280077913.6A patent/CN118302596A/zh active Pending
Patent Citations (5)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
DE3207179A1 (de) * | 1982-02-27 | 1983-09-08 | Robert Bosch Gmbh, 7000 Stuttgart | Hubkolbenbrennkraftmaschine |
EP0831212A2 (de) * | 1996-09-18 | 1998-03-25 | Daimler-Benz Aktiengesellschaft | Direkteinspritzende Brennkraftmaschine |
US20050000484A1 (en) * | 2003-07-03 | 2005-01-06 | Schultz James M. | Pre-chambered type spark plug with a flat bottom being aligned with a bottom surface of a cylinder head |
US20120299459A1 (en) * | 2010-01-15 | 2012-11-29 | Yasushi Sakakura | Spark plug and method of manufacturing spark plug |
DE102018206784A1 (de) * | 2018-05-03 | 2019-11-07 | Robert Bosch Gmbh | Vorkammer-Zündkerze |
Also Published As
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DE102021213216A1 (de) | 2023-05-25 |
CN118302596A (zh) | 2024-07-05 |
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