Classifications

• • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
  • E04—BUILDING
  • E04B—GENERAL BUILDING CONSTRUCTIONS; WALLS, e.g. PARTITIONS; ROOFS; FLOORS; CEILINGS; INSULATION OR OTHER PROTECTION OF BUILDINGS
  • E04B2/00—Walls, e.g. partitions, for buildings; Wall construction with regard to insulation; Connections specially adapted to walls
  • E04B2/02—Walls, e.g. partitions, for buildings; Wall construction with regard to insulation; Connections specially adapted to walls built-up from layers of building elements
• • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
  • E04—BUILDING
  • E04B—GENERAL BUILDING CONSTRUCTIONS; WALLS, e.g. PARTITIONS; ROOFS; FLOORS; CEILINGS; INSULATION OR OTHER PROTECTION OF BUILDINGS
  • E04B2/00—Walls, e.g. partitions, for buildings; Wall construction with regard to insulation; Connections specially adapted to walls
  • E04B2/02—Walls, e.g. partitions, for buildings; Wall construction with regard to insulation; Connections specially adapted to walls built-up from layers of building elements
  • E04B2/42—Walls having cavities between, as well as in, the elements; Walls of elements each consisting of two or more parts, kept in distance by means of spacers, at least one of the parts having cavities
  • E04B2/44—Walls having cavities between, as well as in, the elements; Walls of elements each consisting of two or more parts, kept in distance by means of spacers, at least one of the parts having cavities using elements having specially-designed means for stabilising the position; Spacers for cavity walls
  • E04B2/46—Walls having cavities between, as well as in, the elements; Walls of elements each consisting of two or more parts, kept in distance by means of spacers, at least one of the parts having cavities using elements having specially-designed means for stabilising the position; Spacers for cavity walls by interlocking of projections or inserts with indentations, e.g. of tongues, grooves, dovetails
• • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
  • E04—BUILDING
  • E04B—GENERAL BUILDING CONSTRUCTIONS; WALLS, e.g. PARTITIONS; ROOFS; FLOORS; CEILINGS; INSULATION OR OTHER PROTECTION OF BUILDINGS
  • E04B2/00—Walls, e.g. partitions, for buildings; Wall construction with regard to insulation; Connections specially adapted to walls
  • E04B2/02—Walls, e.g. partitions, for buildings; Wall construction with regard to insulation; Connections specially adapted to walls built-up from layers of building elements
  • E04B2/42—Walls having cavities between, as well as in, the elements; Walls of elements each consisting of two or more parts, kept in distance by means of spacers, at least one of the parts having cavities
  • E04B2/50—Walls having cavities between, as well as in, the elements; Walls of elements each consisting of two or more parts, kept in distance by means of spacers, at least one of the parts having cavities using elements having a general shape differing from that of a parallelepiped
• • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
  • E04—BUILDING
  • E04C—STRUCTURAL ELEMENTS; BUILDING MATERIALS
  • E04C1/00—Building elements of block or other shape for the construction of parts of buildings
  • E04C1/39—Building elements of block or other shape for the construction of parts of buildings characterised by special adaptations, e.g. serving for locating conduits, for forming soffits, cornices, or shelves, for fixing wall-plates or door-frames, for claustra
  • E04C1/395—Building elements of block or other shape for the construction of parts of buildings characterised by special adaptations, e.g. serving for locating conduits, for forming soffits, cornices, or shelves, for fixing wall-plates or door-frames, for claustra for claustra, fences, planting walls, e.g. sound-absorbing

Definitions

• the present invention relates in particular to a construction system as well as to a construction assembly comprising several systems, allowing the composition of a wall using the systems or elements in question.
• a preferred application relates to the building industry and public works in particular for the construction of walls, in particular retaining walls, noise barriers or others.
• the invention also relates to such a wall, in particular a retaining wall.
• a building block which comprises four walls, giving a three-dimensional shape to this element, with a longitudinal direction, a transverse direction and a height dimension, to form at least one wall portion.
• This type of block is generally satisfactory, particularly in terms of its laying efficiency. It allows in particular a high speed of execution because it can be of quite large dimensions, so that a wall can be built with a more limited number of blocks.
• Patent document FR 2567561 A1 discloses a fence with pillars and, between the pillars, plates inserted into grooves. This solution is not usable for building blocks and involves time-consuming steps for mounting the plates.
• An object of the present invention is therefore to provide a building system which takes advantage of building blocks in an improved way.
• a building system comprising a first building block and a second building block, each of the first building block and the second building block comprising:
• first wall defining a front face and a second wall defining a rear face, the first wall and the second wall being spaced apart in a longitudinal direction
• connection plate arranged between the first block building block and the second building block in the transverse direction, the connection plate comprising:
• a front wall defining at least in part a front face of the connection plate, the front face of the connection plate, the front face of the first building block and the front face of the second building block being parallel,
• a wall of a given surface uses fewer blocks because a portion of this wall is produced by one or more connecting plates. This leads to a significant gain because these plates are less bulky and/or less heavy than building blocks, so they are easier to handle by hand or with machinery. Possibly, they cause less vertical settlement of the ground, because the ground supports of the system, at the level of the blocks, are further apart.
• the reinforcement plate essentially has a role of retaining the earth in its horizontal thrust, whereas current techniques focus on blocks, the latter having by structure a significant base on the ground, the present invention here combats a prejudice with the use of intermediate elements in the form of plates, therefore with low ground support, negligible relative to the support of the blocks. This takes advantage of the characteristics of the two components, blocks and plates, to quickly build wall partitions.
• connection plate is applied to the rear of the front wall of the two blocks which it connects, thanks to the contact between the end portions of the plate and the bearing surfaces of the first wall of the two blocks.
• This support from behind is preferably plane on plane.
• the assembly is practical insofar as this support does not require a groove in the blocks.
• the mass of embankments makes it possible to wedge the plate against the first walls of the blocks, exerting pressure from the back of the plate.
• a building set comprising a plurality of building systems.
• it may comprise at least a first system and a second superimposed system.
• a slope is formed between the superimposed systems.
• It may also comprise, in addition or as an alternative, juxtaposed systems, in particular so that their front face forms a continuity in a plane. In this case, it is advantageous to alternate blocks and plates over at least a portion of the length of the wall to be formed.
• FIG. 1 represents a first perspective view, globally from the front face of the system.
• Figure 2 shows a second perspective view, generally from the rear face.
• Figure 3 shows a top view of such a system in the embodiment of the two previous figures.
• the first end portion 31 is in contact with a bearing surface of the first wall 18 of the first building block 1, opposite the front face 12 of the first building block 1, and in which the second portion of end 32 is in contact with a bearing surface of the first wall 28 of the second building block 2, opposite the front face 22 of the second building block 2;
• the first end portion 31 comprises a recess defined by a first face 311 in contact with the bearing surface of the first wall 18 of the first building block 1 and by a second face 312 in contact with the edge of the first wall 18 of the first building block 1, and in which the second end portion 312 comprises a recess defined by a first face in contact with the bearing surface of the first wall 28 of the second building block 2 and by a second pan in contact with the edge of the first wall 28 of the second building block 2;
• connection plate 3 comprises a rear surface opposite the front face of the connection plate 3, the rear surface 35 defining a rear face, respectively, of the front wall 33, a rear face of the first end portion 31 and a rear face of the second end portion 32, and wherein each of the rear face of the first end portion 31 and the rear face of the second end portion 32 comprises a flared region 313,323 in the longitudinal direction from the rear face of the front wall 33;
• each widening zone 313,323 forms an angle of between 30° and 60° relative to the longitudinal direction;
• each zone flaring out 313.323 is flat and is configured so that a plane which is perpendicular to it intercepts the corner formed between the first pan 31 1.321 and the second pan 312.322 of the corresponding recess;
• the first building block 1 comprises a first passage 160
• the second block 2 comprises a second passage 260
• the first passage 160 and the second passage 260 being directed in the transverse direction and configured to receive a link bar, the position of the first passage 160 and of the second passage 260 in the longitudinal direction being located at the rear and in the vicinity of the rear face of the first end portion 31 and of the rear face of the second end portion 32, and preferably less than 3 cm from said rear faces;
• the front face 12 of the first building block 1 and the front face 22 of the second building block 2 are continuous in the same plane;
• the front wall 33 has, in the longitudinal direction, a thickness identical to the thickness of at least one of the first wall 18 of the first building block 1 and the first wall 28 of the second building block 2;
• connection plate 3 has a symmetry relative to a median plane including the longitudinal dimension and perpendicular to the transverse dimension;
• connection plate 3 is a one-piece element made from a single material
• connection plate 3 the first building block 1 and the second building block 2 are made of concrete.
• the construction element block includes:
• a first wall defining a front face and a second wall defining a rear face, the first and second walls being spaced apart in a longitudinal direction;
• the second wall defines a rear face parallel to the front face and comprises a portion of linearly increasing thickness in the direction of the base face joining the third and the fourth walls and forming an inclined internal face of the second wall, opposite the back side.
• the invention can be made from concrete, for example by molding.
• the concrete may have conventional reinforcement.
• the blocks and/or the plates are in one piece, each in a single coherent element.
• wall means a three-dimensional element, the three-dimensional element is not necessarily located on the same plane and may be discontinuous.
• a wall makes it possible, for example, to define a front surface, a rear surface, and even a side surface.
• Figure 1 adopts a three-dimensional perspective corresponding to three preferred directions of the invention.
• the depth dimension of this figure corresponds to the longitudinal direction of the system of the invention.
• Another dimension corresponds to the lateral or transverse direction of the system; it is preferably oriented along the width of the wall composition to be built. It is in this direction that the blocks and plates, described in more detail below, can be juxtaposed to form a building level.
• the last dimension forms the height of the system; it is advantageously in this direction that the height of the wall composition is constructed; systems can be stacked in this direction.
• the system comprises at least two blocks 1, 2 spaced from each other and connected by a connection plate 3.
• the blocks 1, 2 can be identical. An example of the formation of these blocks is given below.
• the building block 1 has a plurality of faces which can in particular serve as contact surfaces with other elements or with the ground, or serve as facade parts.
• a front face 12 is formed by means of a first wall 18 referenced in perspective view in Figure 1.
• the front face 12 may be flat or have a pattern allowing the decoration of the wall facade to be varied.
• a rear face 13 is also visible in all the figures and is carried by a second wall 19.
• the first and second walls 18, 19 are mutually parallel. As shown in Figure 1, it is also advantageous for the second wall 19 to have a width dimension less than that of the first wall 18.
• the first and second walls 18, 19 are connected by two other walls, respectively third wall 110 and fourth wall 111 .
• the latter have a preferred orientation, preferably perpendicular to that of the first, second walls 18, 19.
• the walls 110, 111 are directed along the height of the building block 1.
• the third and fourth walls 110, 111 are parallel to each other. In the illustrated embodiment, they are spaced apart in the transverse direction and define, with the first and second walls 18, 19, an opening passing right through the building block 1 . This area can be backfilled during construction from the wall.
• a preferred configuration is for the spacing between third and fourth walls 110, 111 to be less than the width dimension of at least one of first wall 18 and second wall 19.
• a slice of each of the four walls 18, 19, 110, 111 defines a base face 16 of block 1.
• This set of first slices is preferably coplanar so as to define a flat base face 16; it may include recessed areas for interlocking with other elements. It is also preferably oriented perpendicular to the four walls 18, 19, 110, 111.
• the second wall 19 comprises a portion of linearly increasing thickness in the direction of the base face 16 joining the third and the fourth wall 110, 11 1 and forming an inclined internal face 191 of the second wall 19, opposite the rear face 13. The inclined internal face 191 then makes it possible to better distribute the mechanical forces exerted on the building block 1.
• the portion of increasing thickness makes it possible to define a space inside the block 1 and having the shape of a cavity s gradually opening towards the front face 12. While forming this cavity of variable vertical section, the mechanical strength is high thanks to the large section of the second wall 19 carrying the rear face 13 in its basal part. In particular, at the junction between the second wall 19 and the third and fourth walls 110, 111, the quantity of material is high, which ensures good transmission of the forces. Furthermore, when the block 1 of the invention is superimposed with a similar block 1, and there is a propensity of the wall thus formed to tilt towards the front face 12, the inclined face 191 formed by the thick portion increasing forms a triangulation element favorable to the breaking strength of the second wall 19. The stability of the assembly is therefore improved.
• Another advantage of the portion of linearly increasing section is to provide a favorable surface for head-to-tail cooperation of two similar superimposed blocks 1.
• an inclined face 191 is formed which can serve as a guide for inserting a block 1 superimposed on another block 1 in one direction, while the inclined face 191 formed on the superimposed block 1 provides insertion guidance in a direction perpendicular to the first.
• the two blocks 1 can thus be nested one inside the other in a progressive manner, even if their relative starting position is not precise.
• the portion of linearly increasing thickness is surmounted by a so-called terminal portion, opposite the third and fourth walls 110,111, said terminal portion is characterized by a constant thickness.
• the end portion then forms a notch, which can be used to improve the cooperation between the building block 1 and another building block 1 having at least one hollow intended to accommodate the end portion.
• the hollow is preferably located on the base face 16 and appears in the form of at least one groove 161, hollow and notches being complementary.
• the limitation between the portion of linearly increasing thickness and the end portion is located at the same height as the upper end of the front face 12.
• the groove 161 is configured to allow insertion into the groove 161 of the end portion of another block 1 .
• the terminal portion extends beyond the upper end of the front face 2 at the level of another face, opposite to the face base 16 in the height direction.
• This other face is formed by second slices of each of the first, second, third and fourth walls 18, 19, 110, 111.
• the highest point of the building block 1 is, at the level of this other face, located on the second wall 19.
• the rear face 13 is raised. Thanks to these arrangements, the second wall 19 can cooperate with a recessed abutment element on the base face 16 of a superimposed element, so as to retain, in a front/rear direction, the stack.
• the groove 161 can be flared in the direction of the base face 16. Thanks to this shape, the nesting in superposition of two similar elements can be carried out even if the initial relative positioning between the two blocks 1 is not perfect, the flared part serving to gradually guide the terminal portion into the groove 161 . It is also very advantageous for the building block 1 to comprise several grooves 161 . Indeed, this makes it possible to modify the place of cooperation of the terminal portion with respect to a superimposed building block 1, so as to vary the result of the wall to be formed.
• fruit of the wall we mean the obliqueness of the exterior face of the wall.
• the grooves 161 can extend over the entire length of block 1 in the longitudinal direction or can extend for example over only half the length of block 1 in the longitudinal direction.
• the grooves 161 can be located along the third and fourth walls 110 and 111 on the base face 16, in addition to being located at the level of the second wall 19 on the base face 16.
• the other face thus constituted, has a first floor, called the front floor, corresponding to a portion of the second slices, in particular of the second slice of the first wall 18, and a second floor, called the rear floor, corresponding to a portion of the second slices, in particular of the second slice of the second wall 19.
• the second floor corresponds to the upper end of the end portion.
• the connecting edge 112 is preferably straight. It is advantageously perpendicular to the two floors.
• the other face comprises a flat bottom 150 defined by a portion of the second slices, in particular slices of the third and fourth walls 110,111, the flat bottom 150 being connected, on one side, to the inclined internal face 191 .
• the flat bottom 150 is connected by a second side to the connecting edge 112.
• the third wall 110 and the fourth wall 11 1 respectively define a first flank 15 and a second flank 14 spaced apart in a transverse direction, and each connecting the first and second walls 18, 19. A portion of the first flank 15 and a portion of the second flank 14 are then included in the flat bottom 150.
• the flat bottom 150 is located halfway up a dimension in height of the front face 12.
• the base face 16 of one of the blocks 1 is found at the same level of height as the other face of the other element 1 .
• the end portion is absent from the block, the upper end of the front face 12 and the upper end of the rear face 13 are at the same height.
• the splines 161 are absent according to this embodiment. So, to allow cooperation between two building blocks 1, the base face 16 of the block 1 forms a flat surface, which rests on the upper end of the front face 12 and the upper end of the rear face 13 of the other element 1, the two upper ends being at the same height.
• the first floor comprises a portion of the second slice of the second wall 19 defining the rear face 13 and a portion of the second slice of the third and fourth walls 110, 111.
• the second floor comprises a portion of the second slice of the first wall 18 defining the front face 12 and a portion of the second slice, raised, of the third and fourth walls 110, 111.
• the height of the rear face 13 is greater and preferably equal to twice the height of the front face 12.
• the block is advantageously symmetrical along a plane directed along the height direction and the longitudinal direction.
• the following possible dimensions are indicated without limitation:
• the second building block 2 is identical to the first. It is not described in more detail here. It will be noted that it is not excluded that these dimensions and/or its shapes differ from those of the first block 1 .
• connection plate 3 As shown in Figure 1, the first block 1 and the second block 2 are spaced apart but connected by an intermediate construction component, in the form of a connection plate 3.
• connection plate 3 is a one-piece element extending essentially along the dimension in height, and so as to produce part of the width of the system.
• the length dimension of plate 3 is less than the height dimension and the width dimension; preferably the length dimension is at least twice, preferably at least five times less than the width dimension.
• the connection plate 3 may have a width dimension greater than or equal to 1 m; it can be made from a wall having a thickness of between 0.1 and 0.15 m; thus, given the flared part described below of the end parts 31, 32, in a mode of embodiment, the overall longitudinal dimension may be between 0.2 and 0.3 m; it is preferably less than 0.25 m.
• the height dimension is greater than twice the longitudinal dimension, and preferably at least three times.
• the width dimension of the front face 34 of the connection plate 3 is between 0.5 and 2 times the width dimension of at least one of the front face 12,22 of the blocks 1, 2. widths can all be the same.
• connection plate 3 is a wall of rigid, flat and thin material. And, in the context of the invention, its thickness is directed along the longitudinal direction of the system.
• connection plate 3 serves as an intermediate element between the first block 1 and the second block 2 as shown in Figures 1 to 3. It is in contact, via opposite edges, with each of the two blocks 1,2. It comprises, as reflected in Figure 1, a front wall 33 forming the central part of the plate 3, and preferably the majority of the width dimension of said plate. On each side, to cooperate with the blocks, the front wall 33 is framed by end portions 31, 32. The first end portion 31 is configured to apply to the first block 1. Equivalently, the second end portion 32 is configured to apply to the second block 2.
• the front face 34 of the plate 3, defined by the zones 31, 32, 33, is preferably of the same dimension in height as the front faces 12,22, of the blocks. Still preferably, the front faces 34,12, 22 are in the same plane. This plane is advantageously vertical.
• Figure 2 gives a better illustration of the rear surface 35 of the plate 3. It is formed partly by the rear face of the front wall 33 and partly by the rear face of each of the end portions 31, 32.
• the width dimension of the plate 3 is greater than the spacing between the first walls 18,28 of the blocks 1, 2 so that a part of the connecting plate 3 overlaps a part of each of the blocks 1, 2.
• FIG. 3 gives a top view of the assembled system in which the first end portion 31 comprises a first face 311 extending to the rear of the first wall 18 of the first block 1.
• the first face 311 (an identical situation occurs for the first face 321) applies opposite the front face 12 in a region of the rear surface of the first wall 18 where the fourth wall 111 is not present.
• the latter is recessed relative to the application surface of the first panel 311, in the transverse direction.
• the width dimension of the first panel 311 (and of the first panel 321) is at least equal to the thickness dimension of the front wall 33.
• first panel 311 and the rear surface of the wall 18 ensures a recovery of efforts.
• earth is backfilled at the level of the rear surface 35, it tends to press the connecting plate 3 against the first block 1 .
• a similar force application situation takes place via a first face 321 .
• the wedging of the connecting plate 3 is completed by a second face 312 applied to the edge of the first wall 18 of the first block 1 and by a second face 322 applied to the edge of the first wall 28 of the second block 2.
• the pairs of sections 311, 312; 321, 322 define setbacks, or re-entrant angles, making it possible to interlock with the lateral vertical edges of the walls 18,28 of the blocks 1, 2.
• the forces applied to the connection plate 3 are taken up, as well in the transverse direction than in the longitudinal direction, when a thrust is exerted from the rear forwards on this plate. The latter is therefore well wedged when earth is backfilled in the volume defined by the space between the two blocks, at the rear of the rear surface 35.
• the recess formed by the sections is at right angles.
• the shape of the corresponding edges of the walls 18-28 are identical.
• the dimension in the longitudinal direction of the second panels 312.322 is advantageously identical to that of the first walls 18.28 at this level, that is to say essentially the dimension of the edge of these walls.
• the plate 3 can be wedged additionally by means of a connecting bar passing behind the rear surface 35.
• the first block 1 can include a passage 160 and, similarly, the second block 2 can present a second passage of 160, the passages 160.260 being directed in the transverse direction so as to receive a connecting bar.
• An example of such passages emerges from FIGS. 2 and 3 with a crossing of the third and fourth walls of the blocks. In this way, a bar introduced into the passages 160.260 forms a rear stop for the plate 3. This avoids a risk of displacement at this level, in particular before backfilling.
• the connecting bar is applied to the rear surface 35, in particular at the level of the first end portion 31 and the second end portion 32, or, at the very least, is located in the vicinity of this surface 35 so that, if the plate 3 tilts backwards, it is retained.
• the connecting bar is advantageously metallic, preferably steel.
• the plate 3 has, at the ends 31, 32, a shape providing contact with the blocks 1, 2 leading to a rearward withdrawal.
• the first end portion 31, and equivalently the second end portion 32 comprises a widening zone 313 at its face. back.
• the rear face of the front portion 33 is advantageously flat and directed in the continuity of the rear surface of the walls 18,28.
• these portions share the same thickness.
• the first end portion 31 comprises, from the front portion 33, a widening zone 313 making it possible to increase the thickness, along the longitudinal dimension, of the plate 3 in the vicinity of the recovery zone of 'forces between the plate 3 and the blocks 1, 2.
• the profile of the zone 313 is linear, forming an oblique plane directed vertically. Beyond this zone 313, the end portion 31 can resume a shape such that it is parallel to the front face 34. It is understood that this flared shape increases the quantity of material in the vicinity of the recesses formed by the sections 311, 312; 321,322. In this way, stress concentrations are lessened.
• each widening zone 313,323 has a normal which intercepts the corner of the recess formed by the sections 311, 312; 321, 322; this configuration is also favorable to the resistance of the connection plate 3 during the exercise of a thrust.
• the system presented here does not include a surface for absorbing vertical forces between the connecting plate 3 and the blocks 1, 2.
• connection plate An example of dimensions for the connection plate is given below:
• - width of the front face 34 between 0.9 and 1.3 m, preferably 1.1 m;
• - thickness of the front wall between 0.09 and 0.13 m, preferably 0.11 m;
• Thickness of the end portion 31.32 at the rear of the first wall 18.28 between 0.09 and 0.13 m, preferably 0.11 m;
• - Width dimension of the first panel 311, 321 greater than the thickness of the end portion indicated above, and preferably less than three times said thickness.

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• Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
• Architecture (AREA)
• Civil Engineering (AREA)
• Structural Engineering (AREA)
• Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
• Electromagnetism (AREA)
• Revetment (AREA)
• Working Measures On Existing Buildindgs (AREA)
• Finishing Walls (AREA)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Publications (3)

Family

ID=80786138

Family Applications (1)

Country Status (3)

Family Cites Families (5)

• 2021
  • 2021-12-21 FR FR2114056A patent/FR3130860B1/fr active Active
• 2022
  • 2022-12-06 WO PCT/EP2022/084644 patent/WO2023117413A1/fr not_active Ceased
  • 2022-12-06 EP EP22830551.2A patent/EP4453340B1/de active Active

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